CN107052041A - A kind of method that utilization artificial ecological system efficiently repairs contaminated wetland - Google Patents
A kind of method that utilization artificial ecological system efficiently repairs contaminated wetland Download PDFInfo
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- CN107052041A CN107052041A CN201710266396.8A CN201710266396A CN107052041A CN 107052041 A CN107052041 A CN 107052041A CN 201710266396 A CN201710266396 A CN 201710266396A CN 107052041 A CN107052041 A CN 107052041A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method that utilization artificial ecological system efficiently repairs contaminated wetland, it is that science configuration is carried out according to different longitude and latitude, different humitures and different strands pollution type, artificial constructed arbor, shrub, herbaceous plant, the zoobenthos ecosystem, and the distinctive deposit microbiologic population of self-assembling formation, heavy metal, organic pollution in contaminated wetland is quickly effectively absorbed by the micro-organisms conversion and by plant sorption extraction.The present invention is ensureing that ecological benefits, remediation efficiency are maximized while greatly reducing rehabilitation cost and can produce certain economic benefit.Aerial part ecological niche difference is not only made full use of, vertical space utilization rate is maximized, and by the maximization of underground space root soil contact face product, there is provided the new approaches of restoration of the ecosystem with zoobenthos for joint rhizosphere microorganism.
Description
Technical field
Field is repaired the present invention relates to wetland, it is more particularly to a kind of efficiently to repair contaminated wetland using artificial ecological system
Method.
Background technology
At present, heavy metal and Organic Pollution turn into the important obstruction of influence economic development and human health, in the world
In the range of paid close attention to extensively.In China, wetland pollution problem is especially prominent, from modern industry, mining industry, city
The sewage of life be endlessly discharged into river, lake even ocean, China's economic development having had a strong impact on, human health with
Living environment.Wetland pollution causes greatly loss to China's fishery, while developing to form huge obstruction to it.
The regulation method of wetland pollution includes chemical method, physical method and biological method.Although the above two instant effects,
It is that cost is high, and easily causes secondary pollution, the principle for not possessing Environmental Sustainability.And biological extraction has turned into recent years
One of scholar's focus of interest, because it possesses good environment friendly and Ecological Sustainability.
The ecological reestablishment of existing contaminated seashore wetland is less, is more common in the renovation technique of contaminated terrestrial soil
Technology, such as Publication No.：201310538655.X, it is entitled：Utilize the hair of the method for turfgrass restoration of the ecosystem cadmium pollution soil
Bright patent is mentioned in disclosing using turfgrass Bermuda grass extraction cadmium pollution soil heavy metal；Publication No.：201410778967.2,
It is entitled：A kind of utilization herbaceous plant is mentioned in the patent of invention of the method for rare-earth mining area soil ecology reparation is disclosed using dynamic
Thing excrement carries out soil improvement, and several herbaceous plant are sowed afterwards and carry out vegetation repair；Publication No.：201410018435.9, name
Referred to as：Extract heavy metal-polluted using quick growing species of trees bamboo willow in a kind of patent of invention of the method for restoration of the ecosystem heavy-metal contaminated soil
Contaminate several heavy metal species in soil；Publication No.：201610337938.1, it is entitled：A kind of comprehensive heavy-metal contaminated soil
By excavating irrigation canals and ditches, man-made lake in the patent of invention of the construction method of Ecosystem restoration system, xylophyta is planted from outside to inside, is filled
Wood plant, herbaceous plant, emergent aquactic plant and floating plant build complicated forest zone.
Although the above technology can produce certain environmental benefit, certain landfill effect is reached, but
There is problems with：1) most of reparations for not being suitable for wetland pollution, especially seashore wetland；2) not by ecological benefits most
Bigization；3) the landfill pattern of high-speed and high-efficiency is not formed；4) economic benefit is have ignored when being particular about ecological benefits；5) it is most of
There is the risk of ecosystem collapse due to species or group's dullness in technology, reproducibility is not high；6) some technical costs are too high；
7) some technologies extraction heavy metal species is single, or the reparation of organic pollution is not referred to；8) some technologies use chelating
Agent, is easily caused secondary pollution.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide one kind and efficiently repair contaminated wetland using artificial ecological system
Method, the method overcome the drawbacks described above of prior art, can to derive be applicable under the species configuring condition of the science of progress
In the ecosystem of any wetland pollution amelioration, with the good ecological value and development prospect.
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of method that utilization artificial ecological system efficiently repairs contaminated wetland, it is warm and humid according to different longitude and latitude, difference
Degree and different strands pollution type carry out science configuration, artificial constructed arbor, shrub, herbaceous plant, zoobenthos ecosystem
System, and the distinctive deposit microbiologic population of self-assembling formation makes in contaminated wetland heavy metal, organic pollution quickly effective quilt
Microorganism sorption enhanced and by plant sorption extraction.
Preferably, in above-mentioned technical proposal, it the described method comprises the following steps：
1) magaphanerophytes are chosen, its seedling comes from hidden hypocotyl development, and arbor plumular axis is plucked in annual four, May
In from the high forest in wetland, every about 20~30cm manually directly inserts kind in contaminated wetland, voluntarily rooting development, depth
About 5~8cm；Or cultivation in one month to two months is taken, sent out roots after arbor with slotting kind after 2~4 pairs of true leaves in contaminated wetland,
Depth about 5~8cm, planting density is 30~40cm of spacing in the rows × 40~50cm of line-spacing.
2) shrub is chosen, its seedling comes from plumular axis development, and shrub plumular axis annual nine, October harvesting are from wetland
Shrub, every about 5cm manually directly inserts kind in arbor woodland by its voluntarily rooting development；Or take one month to two
The cultivation of the moon, sends out roots with slotting kind after 2~4 pairs of true leaves in contaminated wetland after shrub plumular axis, depth about 5~8cm.
3) herbaceos perennial is chosen, it is from tissue cultures or uses seed culture, is taken after herbaceous plant expansion is numerous
Stem section culture, seedling cuttage is in high forest；Or collect after herbaceous plant spore, cultivate indoors to 5~6 spires, transplanting
Cuttage is under high forest.
4) zoobenthos is chosen, the zoobenthos that will be captured in autumn, and buy or cultivate is delivered to vegetation arbor, tall filling
Wood, perennial herb and the contaminated wetland of ciliate desert-grass.
Preferably, in above-mentioned technical proposal, the arbor is selected from the resistance to waterflooding ability of salt tolerance is strong, adaptability resistance
By force, fast growth, and with the accumulation of multiple pollutant height or degraded feature, while having the woody plant of certain economic value
Thing.
Preferably, in above-mentioned technical proposal, the arbor is one or more combinations of Avicennia marina, autumn eggplant and Bruguiera conjugata.
Preferably, in above-mentioned technical proposal, the shrub is selected from the resistance to waterflooding ability of salt tolerance is strong, adaptability resistance
By force, growth rate is fast, and the shrub with the accumulation of multiple pollutant height or degraded feature.
Preferably, in above-mentioned technical proposal, the shrub is Aegiceras corniculatum.
Preferably, in above-mentioned technical proposal, the herbaceos perennial is herbaceos perennial, selected from salt tolerance
By force, adaptability strong stress resistance, fast growth is accumulated or dropped with various heavy and/or the tolerance of organic pollution height and height
Solve the herbaceous plant of feature.
Preferably, in above-mentioned technical proposal, the herbaceos perennial is vetiver, reed, calamus, sea purslane, horse
Bitterroot, purple Indian dropseed herb and one or more combinations of ciliate desert-grass.
Preferably, in above-mentioned technical proposal, the zoobenthos is selected from common, easy acquisition or culture, activity is strong, live
Move the zoobenthos that scope is small and easily survives.
Preferably, in above-mentioned technical proposal, the zoobenthos is one kind or the combination of perinereis aibihitensis Grube and fiddler crab.
Above-mentioned technical proposal of the present invention, has the advantages that：
(1) space utilization is maximized：Different plants in structure have different ecological position and root system depth, and aerial part hangs down
Straight space greening reaches maximization, and under ground portion Root-soil interface area is maximized.
(2) time utilization is maximized：By taking vetiver, sea purslane and ciliate desert-grass as an example, growth cycle and the speed of growth respectively have
Difference, ground biomass is big, and annual different time sections can be gathered in repeatedly.Coupling is big between zoobenthos-microorganism-plant
The big extraction for improving pollutant and degradation rate.
(3) applied widely, reproducibility is high：This structure provides a complicated stable ecological models, for example
Avicennia marina, Aegiceras corniculatum, vetiver, reed, calamus, sea purslane and ciliate desert-grass are the high cumulative bad plant of pollutant high resistance to cold and diseases,
It is easy to be colonized in temperate zone, subtropical zone largely pollution wetland and survives.This structure, which can also be promoted, simultaneously develops into other species groups
The contaminated wetland being properly used under other environment.
(4) the absolute friendly of environment：Chelating is utilized before zoobenthos (such as perinereis aibihitensis Grube) instead of in technology
Agent increases the defect of plant absorption speed, thoroughly prevents secondary pollution, with absolute environment friendly.
(5) economic benefit：By taking vetiver as an example, with fast-growing, high-biomass, high heating value feature, can use after harvest
In biogas fermentation, fresh leaf per 1000g can output 550-700ml biogas there is provided certain economic benefit.
(6) ecosystem stability：The complexity of species determines the stability of this artificial ecological system during this builds.
To sum up shown, the method that the present invention efficiently repairs contaminated wetland using artificial ecological system is ensureing Ecological Effect
Benefit, remediation efficiency are maximized while greatly reducing rehabilitation cost and can produce certain economic benefit.It is not only fully sharp
It is different with the mitogenetic state potential difference of overground part, vertical space utilization rate is maximized, and combine rhizosphere microorganism and zoobenthos by ground
There is provided the new approaches of restoration of the ecosystem for lower space root soil contact face product maximization.
Embodiment
The specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below, in order to further understand the present invention.
All experimental methods used are conventional method unless otherwise specified in following examples.
The selection of the material of embodiment 1
(1) arbor：The resistance to waterflooding ability of selection salt tolerance is strong, adaptability strong stress resistance, fast growth, with a variety of pollutions
The accumulation of thing height or degraded feature, while having the xylophyta of certain economic value.
Preferably：There are height endurability and efficient crystallized ability to various heavy, there is absorption degraded energy to organic pollution
Dungarunga Avicennia marina, autumn eggplant and the Bruguiera conjugata of power.
(2) shrub：:The resistance to waterflooding ability of selection salt tolerance is strong, adaptability strong stress resistance, and growth rate is fast, with a variety of
The accumulation of pollutant height or degraded feature shrub.
Preferably：With shade tolerance, loose sylvan life can normal growth seashore wetland arbor and bush plants Aegiceras corniculatum.
(3) herbaceos perennial：Selection salt tolerance is strong, adaptability strong stress resistance, fast growth, with an a variety of huge sum of moneys
The herbaceous plant of category and/or the tolerance of organic pollution height and high accumulation or degraded feature.
Preferably：With high economic value, biomass is big, has absorption crystallized ability to various heavy and organic pollution
Herbaceous plant vetiver；There is high accumulation capability to cadmium and there is joint rhizosphere microorganism degradable organic pollutant (for example
It is luxuriant and rich with fragrance) the creeper sea purslane of feature；Salt tolerant, resistance to waterflooding and the purslane to cadmium with high accumulation characteristics；Salt tolerant, resistance to waterflooding and
There is the reed and calamus of high accumulation characteristics to lead, zinc, chromium, cadmium etc.；There is high cumulative bad to cadmium, spread rapid and solid with sand prevention
The saline land purple Indian dropseed herb of native function；Salt tolerance is strong, has high enrichment performance to various heavy (such as arsenic and lead), to organic contamination
Thing (such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) has strong tolerance, the shade plant ciliate desert-grass of high clearance.
(4) zoobenthos：By the torrid zone, exemplified by Subtropical Coastal wetland, select common, easy acquisition or culture, activity it is strong,
Scope of activities is small and the zoobenthos that easily survives.
Preferably：Perinereis aibihitensis Grube, fiddler crab.
The structure of the ecosystem of embodiment 2
Experiment material：Avicennia marina, Aegiceras corniculatum, sea purslane, ciliate desert-grass, vetiver, perinereis aibihitensis Grube.
1) magaphanerophytes' Avicennia marina is chosen, its seedling comes from hidden hypocotyl development, and Avicennia marina plumular axis is in annual four, five
Month is plucked from the Avicennia marinaforest in Mangrove Wetlands.To prevent tide dynamic force from reducing the field planting rate of Avicennia marina plumular axis, one is taken
Cultivate within individual month to two months, sent out roots after Avicennia marina plumular axis with slotting kind after 2~4 pairs of true leaves in contaminated wetland, depth about 5~
8cm.Planting density is 30~40cm of spacing in the rows × 40~50cm of line-spacing.
2) shrub Aegiceras corniculatum is chosen, its seedling comes from plumular axis development, and Aegiceras corniculatum plumular axis annual nine, October pick up from red
Aegiceras corniculatum woods in woods wetland.Every about 5cm.Manually can directly it insert kind between Avicennia marinaforest by its voluntarily rooting development；Or
Cultivated, sent out roots after Aegiceras corniculatum plumular axis with slotting kind after 2~4 pairs of true leaves in contaminated wetland through one month to two months, depth about 5
~8cm.
3) herbaceos perennial sea purslane, ciliate desert-grass, vetiver are chosen, vetiver both can also may be used from tissue cultures
Using seed culture, stem section (two stipes are a stem section) culture is taken after sea purslane expansion is numerous, seedling cuttage is in Avicennia marinaforest.
To prevent tide dynamic force from reducing germination and the field planting rate of ciliate desert-grass spore, collect indoor culture after spore and, to 5~6 spires, move
Cuttage is planted under Avicennia marinaforest.
The vetiver speed of growth is noticeably greater than Avicennia marina, but Avicennia marina Seed germinating and growing at first days has preferable shade tolerance,
Also have happiness positive after in wood, therefore grow into forest and can interplant without waiting for Avicennia marina.
4) choose zoobenthos perinereis aibihitensis Grube, by autumn by capturing, the zoobenthos of purchase or cultivation delivered to having planted
By arbor, shrub, perennial herb contaminated wetland.
Species, which are constituted, in the above-mentioned ecosystem will take into full account that Different Climatic Zones stability group plant falls group or ecosystem knot
Structure ecological niche is constituted.
The present invention only using above-mentioned plant as preferred scheme, those skilled in the art can carry out as needed species collocation and
Selection.
Experimental example 1
Deposit picks up from Zhangzhou City of Fujian Province Longhai County Fu Gong towns Cao Putou villages Mangrove Trees In The Jiulong Jiang Estuary nature reserve area south
In bank woods (24 ° 24 ' of north latitude, 117 ° 55 ' of east longitude), deposit is fully mixed, apply various concentrations CdCl2 (0,1,2,4mg/
KgDW activation two months) is carried out.Carry out within every five days once fully mixing, the covering of deposit surface water is kept during activation, is used
The moisture loss of ultra-pure water supplement evaporation.The deposit added in each seedling basin after about 3kg activation, each three repetitions of processing,
Per 4 growing ways of pot transplanting, the Avicennia marina of close existing two pairs of true leaves, is handled 45 days.As a result it is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
As a result show, the regularity of distribution of the cadmium in Avicennia marina tissue is root>Stem>Leaf.The cumulant of cadmium exceedes and enclosed in root
The concentration of cadmium in surrounding environment.Growth of four processing to Avicennia marina has no significant effect, and rhizome Leaf biomass does not have significant changes,
Illustrate that it has certain tolerance.
Experimental example 2
It is potted plant using earth culture, laboratory cultures.Totally five groups of heavy metals are handled, every group of three repetitions, and concentration is respectively：0、
10th, 30,60,120mg/kgDW, per basin dry ground 5kg.It is potted plant to apply heavy metal Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni according to setting concentration with soil
And fully mix.Choose the healthy and strong vetiver seedlings of high about 20cm with a collection of transplanting, uniformly 5 plants of the plant per basin.Temperature is placed in after plant
Indoor periodically to pour deionized water ground moistening, temperature is kept for 25~29 DEG C.After culture 60 days, aerial part and ground are gathered in respectively
Lower part, is washed with deionized water only, is dried after fixing to constant weight for 70 DEG C.Aerial part and under ground portion are determined after grinding sieving
Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni content.As a result it is as shown in table 2.
Table 2
As a result show, vetiver heavy metal Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni are respectively provided with very strong accumulation ability, especially root system rich
Collect more than 80 times that the amount of heavy metal is up in soil, the cumulant of aerial part heavy metal can reach in soil
56 times.
Experimental example 3
Sea purslane plant is cultivated in greenhouse one month, culture medium is Hoagland nutrient solution cultures, 25~28 DEG C of temperature,
Salinity 27 ‰, using natural lighting.Configuration artificial seawater simultaneously applies Hoagland nutrient solutions and 1mgL-1 phenanthrene, as hippocampus
Tooth nutrient solution.Contained in glass blake bottle take move into that growing way is uniform after nutrient solution 500mL, flush, the sea purslane of no disease and pests harm
Plant, while doing the control group (CK) of no sea purslane, bottleneck is coated with after each processing 3 repetitions, blake bottle shadings with sealed membrane,
Reduce luxuriant and rich with fragrance direct volatilization.All treatment groups are cultivated in illumination box.Temperature is 26 ± 1 DEG C, illuminance 4000lx, illumination
Time 12 hour/day.Nutrient solution is Sino-Philippines after the Sino-Philippines content of plant sample and culture 5 days after determination experiment initial stage and culture 5 days
Residual concentration.As a result it is as shown in table 3.
Table 3
Understand that clearance rate of the sea purslane after 5 days to seawater China and Philippines reaches 92.86% by experimental result.But sea purslane is in itself
To luxuriant and rich with fragrance cumulant much smaller than it to luxuriant and rich with fragrance clearing amount, illustrate that sea purslane can be by plant metabolism, phytovolatilization or the micro- life of joint
Phenanthrene is removed in thing effect, is a kind of shore with very big reparative potential with the ability for removing the Sino-Philippines concentration of seawater rapidly and efficiently
Seabeach applies plant.
Experimental example 4
Salt tolerant water plant purification of heavy metal pollution water body is tested using reed and calamus as subjects, using lab simulation
Seashore wetland Compound Heavy Metals water body.Cultivation temperature is 25-28 DEG C.Using the Hoagland nutrient solutions of 6 ‰ salinity as culture
Medium, the heavy metal of simulating pollution water quality chooses lead, zinc, cadmium, chromium, content be respectively 30mg/l, 300mg/l, 10mg/l,
20mg/l.Growth selection health and the close plant of upgrowth situation, with after ultra-pure water wash clean according to reed, calamus, reed+Chang
The packet of Pu is tested.Salt tolerance domestication is carried out to plant before experiment, high salt water quality is adapted it to, until salinity is 6 ‰.Tame and docile
Plant is held essentially constant to the clearance of all kinds of heavy metal elements in water body during change, illustrates that it has higher salt tolerant
Property.Culture is sampled after 60 days, lead, zinc, cadmium, chromium content in detection water body, and detects biomass.Every 3 days supplements once
Because of the moisture of the losses such as evaporation.
It can be seen that by following table, plant is reed+calamus to polluted water clean-up effect>Calamus>Reed.Reed+calamus is matched somebody with somebody
The clean-up effect for putting heavy metal pollution is optimal.As a result such as table 4 (clean-up effect of the plant complex configuration to eutrophication pollution)
It is shown.
Table 4
| Plant society | Salinity (‰) | Lead | Zinc | Cadmium | Chromium |
| Reed | 6 | 81.15 | 79.84 | 83.00 | 69.00 |
| Calamus | 6 | 83.73 | 83.53 | 85.74 | 75.14 |
| Reed+calamus | 6 | 88.15 | 91.68 | 89.74 | 82.77 |
Experimental example 5
For the further effect of checking arbor, shrub and herbaceous plant schematism to the extraction of heavy metal under the conditions of earth culture
Really, it is artificial that the pollution of heavy metal gradient is set, the contaminated condition in field is simulated, the systemic group of arbor, shrub and herbaceous plant is determined
Close the influence that preservation is migrated to various heavy in seashore wetland deposit.
Deposit picks up from Zhangzhou City of Fujian Province Longhai County Fu Gong towns Cao Putou villages Mangrove Trees In The Jiulong Jiang Estuary, and deposit is fully mixed
It is even, apply the cadmiums of various concentrations, chromium, lead 10,50,100mg/kgDW, carry out activation two months.Deposit sediment measuring after activation
Cadmium, chromium, the concentration of lead simultaneously plant Avicennia marina, Aegiceras corniculatum, vetiver, calamus and reed (system group), while setting Avicennia marina+paulownia
Hua Shu (woody group), the control group of vetiver+calamus+reed (draft group).Handled 6 months in greenhouse, supplemented and steamed with ultra-pure water
The moisture loss of hair.As a result it is as shown in table 5.
Table 5
As a result show：To the absorptivity of cadmium, chromium, lead in deposit, Avicennia marina+Aegiceras corniculatum+vetiver+calamus+reed group
Close (system group)>Vetiver+calamus+reed combination (draft group)>(woody group) combination of Avicennia marina+Aegiceras corniculatum, therefore arbor, filling
The configuration of wood and herbaceous plant system is greatly facilitated effect to the remediation efficiency for improving heavy metal.Between several different plant species
Effect of the combination with Synergistic, coordinates after zoobenthos, effect is more excellent.
The selection of arbor and shrub in this technology, by taking Avicennia marina and Aegiceras corniculatum as an example, both of which is mangrove, root system
Prosperity, is the high-salt tolerance plant for moving in strand intertidal zone, and it has the various heavies such as enriched lead, copper, zinc, cadmium and chromium
Ability.The herbaceous plant vetiver of high economic utilization has stronger salt tolerance, and anti-waterflooding ability is strong.
Vetiver common heavy metal is polluted tolerance (such as arsenic, cadmium, copper, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel, zinc) be plant
More than 10-100 times, the accumulation ability of heavy metal follows Zn ＞ Pb ＞ Cu ＞ Zn-Pb-Cu rule.
Herbaceous plant sea purslane, ciliate desert-grass, calamus, reed etc. can largely enriching heavy metal while have joint rhizosphere
The deposit of the ability of microbial degradation organic pollution, heavy metal and organic pollution combined pollution, which has preferably to repair, to be made
With.
Zoobenthos, as perinereis aibihitensis Grube etc., scope of activities is small, does not possess the possibility for causing contamination, can not only
The contact area of the anaerobic environment of deposit, increase dissolved oxygen and deposit is improved by itself disturbance, changes the thing of deposit
Physicochemical property.Perinereis aibihitensis Grube has in preferable tolerance, a large amount of excrement of discharge to heavy metals such as cadmium, copper and can handed over simultaneously
Change that state content of beary metal is very high, be conducive to the extraction of root system of plant heavy metal.
Patent of the present invention is directed to pollution sources complexity in real seashore wetland pollution, not single heavy metal or organic pollution
In the presence of pollutant is enriched with the different feature of level in deposit, and configuration enrichment pollutant kind is different, growth period and root system are deep
The different species of degree, improve root soil contact face product.The introducing of zoobenthos perinereis aibihitensis Grube enhances repair, by biology extraction
The time and space utilization rate for taking or degrading is maximized.This structure is complicated according to the different human configuration of different plant ecological potential differences simultaneously
Plant population, greatly improves aerial part vertical space utilization rate, maximizes seashore wetland green coverage, and system is stable
Maximize.This structure ensures ecological benefits, also provides economic benefit.
The invention discloses a kind of method that utilization artificial ecological system efficiently repairs contaminated wetland.This method is not according to
Same longitude and latitude, different humitures and different strands pollution type carry out science seed selection, and reasonable disposition, artificial constructed arbor-Qiao fills
Wood-herbaceous plant-zoobenthos the ecosystem, and the distinctive deposit microbiologic population of self-assembling formation, make in contaminated wetland
Heavy metal, organic pollution etc. are quickly effectively absorbed by the micro-organisms conversion and by plant sorption extraction.By manually harvesting on the ground
Vegetation reaches the effect of high-efficient purification soil.This structure includes heavy metal and/or organic pollution height endurability and removed special
Property xylophyta, shrub, liana, herbal screening, arbor, shrub cultivate field planting, herbaceous plant cuttage and
Zoobenthos introduces.Science seed selection and reasonable disposition are carried out to ground vegetation structure using different interspecies relations and ecological niche,
Beneficial soil zoobenthos is introduced while the phytobiocoenose of the complicated independent stabilization of composition, with reference to edaphon system, joint
Formed subterraneous root-soil-microorganism group into complicated Rhizosphere ecosystem circle, construct complete artificial ecological system.This stable system
The original biogeochemical cycle approach of pollutant in deposit will be changed, increase the bioavailability of pollutant, to dirt
Contaminating the extraction removing of thing and the reparation speed of soil will produce and greatly improve.The present invention makes full use of different tolerance plant species
Aerial part niche characteristics and underground root system ecological niche difference between class, using the weaker zoobenthos of mobility as auxiliary,
By the activation or decomposition of rhizosphere and peculiar microbiologic population, increase while the bioavailability for greatly increasing pollutant
The absorption area of pollutant is added.Not only there is the adequacy that time and space is utilized, and economically also show good
Parsimony, in the environment with splendid friendly.Littoral sediment pollutant quickly can be effectively reduced by this structure to contain
Amount filters discarded object there is provided extra ecological functions, such as shore protection dyke strengthening, afforests littoral environment, and the selection of appropriate plant
Certain economic well-being of workers and staff can be formed while effectively reduction construction cost and manual maintenance cost.
Although the present invention is disclosed as above with embodiment, so it is not intended to limit the present invention, any people in the art
Member, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can make a variety of selections and modification, therefore the protection model of the present invention
Enclose and limited by claims and its equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method that utilization artificial ecological system efficiently repairs contaminated wetland, it is characterised in that according to different longitude and latitude,
Different humitures and different strands pollution type carry out science configuration, and artificial constructed arbor, shrub, herbaceous plant, bottom are dwelt
The thing ecosystem, and the distinctive deposit microbiologic population of self-assembling formation, make heavy metal, organic pollution in contaminated wetland fast
It is fast to be effectively absorbed by the micro-organisms conversion and by plant sorption extraction.
2. the method that utilization artificial ecological system according to claim 1 efficiently repairs contaminated wetland, it is characterised in that
It the described method comprises the following steps：
1) magaphanerophytes are chosen, its seedling comes from plumular axis development, and arbor plumular axis is plucked in from wetland in annual four, May
High forest, every about 20~30cm manually directly inserts kind in contaminated wetland, voluntarily rooting development, depth about 5~8cm；Or
Cultivation in one month to two months is taken, is sent out roots after arbor with slotting kind after 2~4 pairs of true leaves in contaminated wetland, depth about 5~
8cm, planting density is 30~40cm of spacing in the rows × 40~50cm of line-spacing.
2) shrub is chosen, its seedling comes from plumular axis development, and shrub plumular axis annual nine, October are plucked from Qiao in wetland
Shrub, every about 5cm manually directly inserts kind in arbor woodland by its voluntarily rooting development；Or one month is taken to bimestrial
Cultivate, sent out roots after shrub plumular axis with slotting kind after 2~4 pairs of true leaves in contaminated wetland, depth about 5~8cm.
3) herbaceos perennial is chosen, it is from tissue cultures or utilizes seed culture, and stem section is taken after herbaceous plant expansion is numerous
Culture, seedling cuttage is in high forest；Or collect after herbaceous plant spore, cultivate indoors to 5~6 spires, transplant cuttage
In under high forest.
4) choose zoobenthos, in autumn by capturing, the zoobenthos of purchase or cultivation deliver to vegetation arbor, shrub,
Perennial herb and the contaminated wetland of ciliate desert-grass.
3. the method that utilization artificial ecological system according to claim 1 efficiently repairs contaminated wetland, it is characterised in that
The arbor is selected from the resistance to waterflooding ability of salt tolerance is strong, adaptability strong stress resistance, fast growth, and high with multiple pollutant
Accumulation or degraded feature, while having the xylophyta of certain economic value.
4. the method that utilization artificial ecological system according to claim 3 efficiently repairs contaminated wetland, it is characterised in that
The arbor is one or more combinations of Avicennia marina, autumn eggplant and Bruguiera conjugata.
5. the method that utilization artificial ecological system according to claim 1 efficiently repairs contaminated wetland, it is characterised in that
The shrub is selected from the resistance to waterflooding ability of salt tolerance is strong, adaptability strong stress resistance, and growth rate is fast, and with multiple pollutant
Height accumulation or the shrub of degraded feature.
6. the method that utilization artificial ecological system according to claim 5 efficiently repairs contaminated wetland, it is characterised in that
The shrub is Aegiceras corniculatum.
7. the method that utilization artificial ecological system according to claim 1 efficiently repairs contaminated wetland, it is characterised in that
The herbaceos perennial is herbaceos perennial, selected from salt tolerance is strong, adaptability strong stress resistance, fast growth,
Herbaceous plant with various heavy and/or the tolerance of organic pollution height and high accumulation or degraded feature.
8. the method that utilization artificial ecological system according to claim 7 efficiently repairs contaminated wetland, it is characterised in that
The herbaceos perennial is the one or more of vetiver, reed, calamus, sea purslane, purslane, purple Indian dropseed herb and ciliate desert-grass
Combination.
9. the method that utilization artificial ecological system according to claim 1 efficiently repairs contaminated wetland, it is characterised in that
The zoobenthos that the zoobenthos is selected from common, easy acquisition or culture, activity is strong, scope of activities is small and easily survives.
10. the method that utilization artificial ecological system according to claim 9 efficiently repairs contaminated wetland, its feature exists
In the zoobenthos is one kind or the combination of perinereis aibihitensis Grube and fiddler crab.
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