CN101722179A - Method for removing heavy metals in soil - Google Patents
Method for removing heavy metals in soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN101722179A CN101722179A CN200910194050A CN200910194050A CN101722179A CN 101722179 A CN101722179 A CN 101722179A CN 200910194050 A CN200910194050 A CN 200910194050A CN 200910194050 A CN200910194050 A CN 200910194050A CN 101722179 A CN101722179 A CN 101722179A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for removing heavy metals in soil. The method is characterized in that: arbors, shrubs and herbal plants are planted in a matching way. The method has the advantages of easy implementation, fast vegetation building, large coverage and good stability, and suitability for large-area recovery. Through the method, a stable and stereoscopic vegetation ecosystem can be built on a heavy metal mining waste disposal site in a short time; and the diffusion and spreading of the heavy metal pollution sources through atmosphere or water body can be effectively controlled.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to utilize plant growth configuration to carry out Heavy Metal Ecological and recover the field, be specifically related to a kind of method of removing heavy metal in soil.
Background technology
Heavy metal mining industry refuse dump is the chief component of mining industry abandoned land, not only destroy and taken a large amount of land resource, and bring a series of far-reaching environmental problems, wherein the most outstanding is that pollutants such as heavy metal widely spread by approach such as atmosphere and water bodys, making the surrounding area do amount decline, the underproduction even mistake receives, the ecosystem is extremely degenerated, and pollutant directly finally influences health by food chain.Meanwhile, a large amount of mining industry refuse dumps that exist also can be caused destruction in various degree to local natural environment view.Revegetation is polluted an important means of control as mining industry casting field source, is not only the hot issue in international ecological Environmental Studies field, also is the urgent task that the current ecological environmental protection of China is faced.
The typical feature in mining industry refuse dump comprises heavy metal toxicity, extreme Acidity of Aikalinity, salt damage, arid and barren etc., be revegetation to its stage of carrying out most critical in the ecological recovery process, and the option of species that wherein is used for revegetation then is one of key problem of carrying out ecological recovery.The selection of plant will be followed following several principles at least: at first, selected plant can adapt to local weather conditions, preferably autochthon; Secondly, extreme matrix condition such as heavy metal toxicity etc. had patience; Once more, this class phytomass is big, and well developed root system should have certain fast natural disposition, can form vegetation in the short period of time and cover, and can improve the on-site landscape effect in refuse dump.
At present, carry out research and application focus that heavy metal mining industry refuse dump ecological recovery has developed into environmental science although utilize revegetation, but from current domestic and international refuse dump ecological recovery technical research and practice development, remain in following problem: (1) special plants configuration technology at heavy metal mining industry refuse dump ecological recovery occurs as yet though correlative study has filtered out more heavy metal patience plant; (2) from recovery technology and associative operation rules, domestic ripe not enough for heavy metal mining industry refuse dump ecological recovery correlation technique, can not take all factors into consideration different habit species and carry out reasonable disposition, thereby cause phenomenons such as the revegetation species are single, maintenance cost is high, upgrowth situation instability; (3) from effect, since the plants configuration technology of the science of shortage, problems such as heavy metal mining industry refuse dump ecological recovery ubiquity ecosystem instability, the landscape effect of carrying out at present is undesirable, recovery effects difference.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is that basis has the deficiency that exists in the ecological recovery technology of heavy metal mining industry refuse dump now, provides a kind of cost low, the method for the removal heavy metal in soil that upgrowth situation is stable.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
A kind of method of removing heavy metal in soil is characterized in that this technology is with arbor, shrub and herbaceous plant collocation plantation; Wherein, arbor, shrub and herbal configuration area ratio are respectively 10～20%, 20～30%, 50～70%.
The present invention removes the method for heavy metal in soil, and described arbor can be a kind of arbor, also can be multiple arbor mixed planting; Described shrub can be a kind of shrub, also can be multiple shrub mixed planting; Described herbaceous plant can be a kind of herbaceous plant, also can be multiple herbaceous plant mixed planting.
The present invention removes in the method for heavy metal in soil, and the plantation spacing of described arbor is preferably 2～10m; The plantation spacing of described shrub is preferably 0.5～5m; Described herbal plantation density is preferably the live grass seeds 10～30kg of per hectare.
The present invention removes in the method for heavy metal in soil, and described arbor is preferably paulownia or eucalyptus; Described shrub is preferably ramie or class reed; Described herbaceous plant is preferably floor file broomcorn millet, Festuca Arundinacea or Bermuda grass.
The method that the present invention removes heavy metal in soil is used for the ecological recovery of heavy metal mining industry refuse dump, can set up the large tracts of land that coverage is big, stability is strong in the short time and recover heavy metal mining industry refuse dump soil ecosystem.
The present invention adopts following principle when the screening plant: (1) has avoided the problem of strange land climatic adaptation based on autochthon; (2) select that those adaptability are strong, biomass is big, growth is fast, has certain heavy metal patience, and is drought-resistant, barren, and strong stress resistance is easy to the fast natural disposition species of surviving, settling down, and can ensure that forming vegetation in the short period of time covers; Consider when (3) selecting species a certain proportion of arbor, shrub and herbaceous plant make up-in-system of following three-dimensional vegetational type; (4) take into account regional nature view, social economy's characteristics and regional development direction during option of species, a certain proportion of economic class species have been selected with patience, both can effectively control pollution, improve the refuse dump view, and can bring certain direct economic benefit.The turf species that screened can play checks winds and fixes drifting sand, and shrub can water conservation, improves the ability that soil matrix is held preserve moisture and fertility.These plant species comprise paulownia (Paulownia fortunei), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urophylla), ramie (Boehmeria nivea), class reed (Neyraudia reynaudiana) floor file broomcorn millet (Panicum repens), Festuca Arundinacea (Lygeum spartum) and Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) etc.
The present invention is guidance with ecological recovery, takes all factors into consideration rock and soil properties, heavy metal pollution situation, the nutrient of abandoned land, and moisture condition carries out suitable floristics and selects.Make up the plant society of different collocation patterns in different soil matrix zones.Relatively poor at soil physical property, the content of beary metal height, the zone of fertilizer deficiency, lack of water at first will select impoverishment tolerant, drought-resistant heavy metal patience floristics to carry out revegetation, irritate plant based on grass in the structure of community configuration, suitably soil moved in to improve the original is transplanted the stronger arbor of patience.
In order to improve the survival rate of vegetation, can suitably adopt the plant hole method in the zone that soil matrix is extremely abominable, add an amount of base manure in the plant hole, grass seeds adopts and broadcasts sowing, drilling or program request method, but for guaranteeing the germination rate lid layer straw of seed.
The taxology feature of the selected plant of the present invention is as follows:
(1) paulownia (Paulownia fortunei): deciduous tree, Gao Keda 27m, tree crown is broad.The bark taupe, level and smooth, bossed hole skin, lobe when old.Sprig is sturdy, hollow, the white fine hair of close life of when children, after gradually come off.Single leaf is to life, and trilobed wheel is given birth to sometimes.Leaf is big, avette or oblong, and base portion is heart-shaped, the close living canescence fine hair of blade back, full edge or littlely be wavy.Coniform cyme, large-scale, 3-4 month elder generation leaf is bloomed, the corolla milky, in purple plague purpura is arranged, fragrance is arranged.Capsule is oval point, and bigger, the fructescence 9-10 month, seed is little and thin, and wing is arranged.
(2) eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urophylla): aiphyllium, bark is thick thick and deposit the place, or smoothly and every year comes off.The leaf amphitypy, juvenile leaf stockless and to life, climax leaves crescent or Long Circle.Volatile aromatic oil is arranged.The flower both sexes, calyx tubular bells shape and ovary symphysis; Petal and calyx lobe are linked to be calyptra; The stamen majority, directly splits or open in the hole flower pesticide heart or kidney shape; Floral disc exists; Ovary is the next, 2-7 chamber, ovule majority.Capsule is ensconced in the kettle shape calyx pipe or outside the outstanding calyx pipe; Floral disc forms the fruit edge when solid.
(3) ramie (Boehmeria nivea): shrub, high 1-2m; Close weak point or the long pubescence of giving birth to of stem, inflorescence and petiole.The leaf alternate, width egg shape or subcircular, rough surface, the white pubescence that the close life in the back side interweaves.The flower monoecism, glomerule is integrated coniform, and female inflorescence is positioned on the male inflorescence; Male flower tapel 4, stamen 4; Female flower perianth tubulose is by fine, soft fur.The achene ellipse is about 1.5mm.The flowering fruit bearing stage 7-10 month.
(4) class reed (Neyraudia reynaudiana): perennial herb, the wooden root-like stock of tool, fibrous root is thick and hard.Stalk is upright, high 2-3m, and footpath 5-10mm saves the tool branch usually, and internode is by white powder; Leaf sheath does not have hair, only along neck tool pubescence; The close living pubescence of the tip of a leaf; The long 30-60cm of blade, wide 5-10mm, flat or convolution, the long gradually point in top, do not have hair or on the pubescence of looking unfamiliar.The long 30-60cm of panicle, branch is elongated, carries out or sagging; The long 6-8mm of small ear contains 5-8 Xiao Hua, and first lemma is infertile, does not have hair; Lepicena is short and small; Long 2-3mm; Lemma is about 4mm, and the limit arteries and veins has the pubescence that is about 2mm, the short awns of the outside contrary flexure of the long 1-2mm of top tool; Glumelle is shorter than lemma.The flowering fruit bearing stage 8-12 month.
(5) floor file broomcorn millet (Panicum repens): perennial herb, stalk is upright, and quality is hard, high 30-100cm, tool more piece.Leaf sheath is smooth, edge tool cilium; The tip of a leaf is about 0.5mm, the tool cilium; Blade matter is hard, and is straight and upright, long 5-20cm, and wide 3-6mm goes up by pubescence.Panicle is carried out, long 10-30cm.The small ear Long Circle, the tip point does not have hair, is about 3mm; First grain husk be about be 1/4 of small ear, tool 3 arteries and veins, tip cut flat or circle blunt, arteries and veins is not obvious; Second grain husk is isometric with small ear, tool 7-9 arteries and veins, first distiproboscis point; First spend male, the lemma and the second clever isometric similar shape but broad; Glumelle is membranous; 3 pieces on stamen, the flower pesticide pitchy.The grain Long Circle, tip point, long 2.2-2.5mm, level and smooth light.5～November of flowering fruit bearing stage.
(6) Festuca Arundinacea (Lygeum spartum): perennial herb, blade is broad, well developed root system, the increment of tillering; Strong stress resistance, drought-enduring, cold-resistant, acidproof, barren-resistant, disease resistance is strong.
(7) Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon): herbaceos perennial, have root-like stock and stolon, fibrous root is thin and tough and tensile; Stolon tiling ground or imbed in the soil, long 10-110 centimetre, smooth hard, take root downwards in the joint place, and plant height 10-30 centimetre, good soil and slope protection plant; Open and flat, the lanceolar of blade, long 3.8-8 centimetre, wide 1-3 millimeter; Bermuda grass is long growth period, and viability is strong, and breeding spreads soon rapidly, and the ability of occupying is strong, growth in flakes, anti-trample; Sowing and rhizome breeding, the percentage of seedgermination height.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) plant of the present invention's use, combine a plurality of plant ecological types of Qiao Guancao, include a plurality of indigenous trees and evergreen species simultaneously, be applied to the ecological recovery of heavy metal mining industry refuse dump, can set up stable vegetation ecological system in the short period of time, effectively control of the pollution of heavy metal mining industry refuse dump surrounding enviroment; Simultaneously can also effectively improve the on-site view in refuse dump;
(2) plant of the present invention's use all has certain heavy metal patience, and is drought-resistant, barren, strong stress resistance, and well developed root system is easy to survival, settles down and breed;
(3) the present invention selected arbor class seeds such as paulownia, eucalyptus and shrub class plant ramie all have the certain economic value.Carry out in the ecological recovery process in counterweight metal mining industry refuse dump, not only can effectively control and improve the destruction of the refuse dump produced pollution and view, and can bring certain direct economic benefit;
(4) the turf species selected of the present invention such as Festuca Arundinacea, Bermuda grass germination percentage height, growth can utilize and tiller and the rhizome breeding rapidly, spreads soon, and the power of occupying is strong, and set soil particle effectively prevents that wind from raising the propagation to pollutant.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is Cu patience plant-Elsholtzia haichowensis;
Fig. 2 is patience shrub-ramie;
Fig. 3 is indoor Qiao (carambola)-filling (Rose Mallow Root)-grass (Bermuda grass) stereoscopic configurations pattern;
Fig. 4 is big Golconda refuse dump Qiao (eucalyptus)-filling (napier grass)-three-dimensional vegetation configuration restore pattern of grass (floor file broomcorn millet).
The specific embodiment
Further explain the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment, but embodiment does not do any type of qualification to the present invention.
Investigation of embodiment 1 vegetation and Pb/Zn/Cu patience foliage filter screening
Nine copper/plumbous zinc ore district in Guangdong, Anhui, Hubei, Jiangsu and Yunnan has been carried out the ecology investigation of vegetation state, write down and analyzed higher plant 85 genus and plant 217 kinds.Take all factors into consideration the content of beary metal of plant, 35 kinds of Preliminary screening copper patience plants, 45 kinds of lead and zinc patience plants at biomass, dominance, content of beary metal and the corresponding soil thereof of domicile.By indoor water planting or earth culture test, verified 16 kinds of Cu patience plants, be respectively: Elsholtzia haichowensis, dayflower, fly grass, headdress flower knotweed, pale persicaria, water pepper, shore wormwood artemisia, sandwort, fringed pink, silene aprica, shoulder that plate is returned, garden sorrel, Phytolacca acinosa, ramie, Artemisia capillaris and green bristlegrass.The patience plant of 15 kinds of lead and zinc is respectively: Yunnan Cynanchum glaucescens, velutinous cinquefoil root, stalwart wormwood artemisia, fringe preface Arundinella hirta (Thunb.) Tanaka, feltwort, the spire splendid achnatherum, fragrant blue or green, Ah's block of wood rough gentian, Yunnan Asian puccoon, hardship is sold dish, pink blossom fly grass, Ah's block of wood rough gentian, thin fly grass, small-leaf bonesetting and little cun golden yellow (Fig. 1, Fig. 2).
The three-dimensional plants configuration pattern of embodiment 2 indoor pots
Gather heavy metal polluted soil from big Golconda abandoned land and transport the laboratory back in September, 2007, utilizes potted plant experiment to make up Qiao-filling-careless stereoscopic configurations revegetation pattern indoor.Upper strata vegetation plantation Cd patience plant carambola, middle level plantation shrub Rose Mallow Root, ramie etc., the plantation draft Zn of lower floor patience plant Sedum alfredii Hance, Cu patience plant Commelina communis, many metals patience grass seeds Bermuda grass, Festuca Arundinacea etc.Different Qiao-the fillings of design-grass or totally 16 combinations of Qiao-careless configuration mode, the seedling that arbor carambola seedling adopts the land for growing field crops to cultivate, Rose Mallow Root, ramie are adopted the cuttage seeding of stem breeding, and Sedum alfredii Hance and Commelina communis are the seeding-growths of picking up from the mining area, Festuca Arundinacea, Bermuda grass is gathered seed and is directly sowed.After 1 year, arbor grows fine, and shrub is relatively poor, and survival rate is low, and the draft growth is vigorous.Qiao-careless vegetation configuration mode under the indoor pot situation, behave oneself best (Fig. 3).
Embodiment 3 big Golconda refuse dump revegetation configuration modes
Field seedling raising comprises saplings such as eucalyptus, paulownia, camphor tree, masson pine; Class reed, floor file broomcorn millet, napier grass, Caulis Miscanthis floriduli adopt in the direct nutrient bag of rhizome and grow seedlings; Bermuda grass, Festuca Arundinacea are collected seed in the fall.Is not that 10-20%, 20-30%, 50-70% plant the heavy metal pollution refuse dump with the seedling that cultivates by the configuration area score of arbor, shrub and draft.The plantation spacing 5m of arbor, the plantation spacing 1m of shrub is with the live 20kg grass seeds of per hectare land area with the density of Bermuda grass and Festuca Arundinacea grass seeds, with the shovel of the field in the middle of growth belt pine, broadcasts sowing, and smooths the lid layer straw.Look the growing state that survives of seedling, reseed certain seedling.Basically set up stable vegetational type after 1 year on the bare area of refuse dump, coverage reaches 70～80% (Fig. 4).
Claims (7)
1. a method of removing heavy metal in soil is characterized in that this method is with arbor, shrub and herbaceous plant collocation plantation; Wherein, arbor, shrub and herbal configuration area ratio are respectively 10～20%, 20～30%, 50～70%.
2. the method for removal heavy metal in soil according to claim 1 is characterized in that described arbor is paulownia or eucalyptus.
3. the method for removal heavy metal in soil according to claim 1 is characterized in that described shrub is ramie or class reed.
4. the method for removal heavy metal in soil according to claim 1 is characterized in that described herbaceous plant is floor file broomcorn millet, Festuca Arundinacea or Bermuda grass.
5. the method for removal heavy metal in soil according to claim 2, the plantation spacing that it is characterized in that described arbor is 2～10m.
6. the method for removal heavy metal in soil according to claim 3, the plantation spacing that it is characterized in that described shrub is 0.5～5m.
7. the method for removal heavy metal in soil according to claim 4 is characterized in that described herbal plantation density is the live grass seeds 10～30kg of per hectare.
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| CN2009101940507A CN101722179B (en) | 2009-11-20 | 2009-11-20 | Ecological rehabilitation method for removing heavy metals in soil |
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| CN2009101940507A CN101722179B (en) | 2009-11-20 | 2009-11-20 | Ecological rehabilitation method for removing heavy metals in soil |
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| CN101722179B CN101722179B (en) | 2012-01-25 |
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Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| CN111715688A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-09-29 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Method for reducing diffusion of heavy metal pollution in soil around mine |
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| CN114888061A (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-08-12 | 上海市园林科学规划研究院 | Close planting restoration method for trees in heavy metal polluted site |
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