CN101406896A - Method for repairing heavy metal polluted soil using abundant plant dandelion - Google Patents
Method for repairing heavy metal polluted soil using abundant plant dandelion Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a phytoremediation technology for soil contaminated by heavy metal, in particular to a method for remediating soil contaminated by cadmium through the heavy metal enriching plant of dandelion. The method for remediating the soil contaminated by heavy metal through the heavy metal enriching plant of dandelion comprises the following steps: dandelion is implanted in the soil containing the cadmium pollutant; a great amount of cadmium in the contaminated oil is absorbed by the root system of dandelion and is transferred to the organs of the above-ground part of dandelion; and the plant grows to have the above-ground part with maximal biomass, the organs of the above-ground part of the plant are removed from the contaminated soil, thereby realizing the aim of removing the cadmium pollutant in the soil. The technology controls the soil contaminated by cadmium through the heavy metal enriching plant of dandelion, and has the advantages of low cost, strong operability, no damage on the physicochemical property of the soil, no induction of secondary pollution, good effects on preventing the wind and water erosion of the contaminated soil, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the phytoremediation technology of heavy-metal contaminated soil, specifically a kind of method of utilizing the abundant plant dandelion restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal.
Background technology
The approach of heavy-metal contaminated soil has following two kinds usually: the one, and the environmental pollution that the underground metal mining activity causes, pollution type mainly contains mineral deposit mineral in the near coal-mine surrounding soil under environmental factor long terms such as water, gas, heat and the more serious soil of heavy metal pollution that forms; The heavy-metal contaminated soil that causes because of reasons such as leachings in the mining barren rock stacking process; Contain pollution that the mine wastewater of higher concentration heavy metal causes soil etc.The 2nd, the heavy-metal contaminated soil that cause the trade effluent irrigated farmland, representative is that China finds the earliest, area is bigger, and pollute very serious again Shenyang and open scholar irrigated area contaminated soil, its main heavy metal contaminants is a Cd (document 1: Wu Yanyu, Chen Tao, Zhang Xuexun .1986. open in Shenyang the pollution ecology research of scholar irrigated area cadmium. and see: height is saved democracy and is compiled, soil-plant system pollution ecology research .295-301).Cd is the noxious material in the environment, is the non-essential element of organism, and the toxicity of its compound is very big, and the property accumulated is very strong, and the cadmium of high concentration has teratogenesis, mutagenesis and carcinogenesis to most of animals, and therefore, cadmium pollution soil is badly in need of administering.
Countries in the world are attached great importance to heavy metal pollution of soil, have taked various restorative procedures, as eliminating curing technology, the vitrifying technology of heavy metal toxicity, administer the electric power recovery technique of volatile heavy metal etc.But these technology are destroyed bigger to contaminated site, the control expense costliness, and exist new environmental problems such as transportation, storage, backfill, effect is very big in small size or heavily contaminated soil treatment, even not alternative, but then be difficult to the contaminated soil huge for area, that pollution level is lighter use.Therefore, people place hope on the phytoremediation technology of innovating technologies that expense is lower, repairing effect is good again (document 2: Zhou Qixing, Wei Shuhe, Zhang Qian eat etc. and to write. restoration of the ecosystem. China Environmental Science Press .2006).
Phytoremediation (Phytoremedition) is the environmental pollution treatment technology that grows up over nearly 20 years, it extensively utilizes the metabolic activity of green plants to fix, the polluter in the environment of degrading, extract and volatilize, as one " the green factory that cleans " polluter is processed into the physical form that can directly remove or is converted into the little even nontoxic material of toxicity, thereby contaminated environment is administered completely; It has and does not cause the underground water secondary pollution, characteristics such as make contaminated soil and water body sustainable use and beautify the environment, thereby also be a very ideal green recovery technique.The range of application of phytoremediation is quite extensive, almost relate to the every aspect that contaminated environment is administered, both can purify air and water body, can remove the polluter (document 3: Zhou Qixing in the soil again, work such as Song Yufang. contaminated soil is repaired principle and method. Science Press, 2004).
The phytoremediation of heavy-metal contaminated soil is meant that the extraction that utilizes plant and rhizosphere microorganism system thereof, volatilization and conversion fixation remove the heavy metal in the contaminated soil, or heavy metal is stabilized in to pollute on-the-spotly prevents that it from causing bigger pollution to underground water and surrounding environment.Phytoremediation mainly comprises plant extract (Phytoextrtion), phytovolatilization (Phytovoltiliztion), rhizosphere filtering (Rhizofiltrtion) and four kinds of modes of action of plant stability (Phytostiliztion), wherein, the research of plant extract aspect is subjected to people's attention [document 4:Chaney R.L. day by day, Malik M., Li Y.M., et al.1997, Phytoremediation of soil metals.Current Opinions in Biotechnology.8:279～284; Document 5:Wong M.H., 2003, Ecological restoration of mine degraded soils, with emphasis on metal contaminated soils.Chemosphere.50:775～780].Plant extract, promptly utilize heavy metal accumulation plant (particularly super enriching plant) excess from contaminated soil to absorb one or more heavy metals, and with its transfer, be stored to overground part organs such as stem, leaf, subsequently with plant integral body (comprising the part root) results and concentrated the processing, and then plantation continuously, so that make heavy metal in soil concentration be reduced to the acceptable level.
The principal character of super enriching plant (criterion) is:
1) plant shoot (mainly being meant stem and leaf) content of beary metal surpasses a certain critical content, as Zn10000mg/kg, Cd 100mg/kg, Au 1mg/kg, Pb, Cu, Ni, Co are (document 6:Baker AJM such as 1000mg/kg, Brooks RR.Terrestrial higher plants whichhyperaccumulate metallic elements-a review of their distribution, ecology andphytochemistry.Biorecovery 1989,1:81～126);
2) the plant shoot content of beary metal is greater than this heavy metal species content of root;
3) tangible poisoning symptom does not appear in the growth of plant;
4) plant shoot biomass (stem, leaf and inflorescence dry weight sum) is not compared with the contrast that does not add metal and is significantly descended;
5) plant shoot (mean value of stem, leaf and inflorescence) to the concentration coefficient of certain heavy metal species greater than 1, when enrichment/the accumulating level that should reach when heavy metal in soil content and super enrichment/hyperaccumulative plant is suitable at least, overground part (mainly being stem or leaf) concentration coefficient is greater than 1 (be respectively Zn 10000mg/kg, Cd 100mg/kg, Au 1mg/kg as heavy metal in soil content, Pb, Cu, Ni, Co are 1000mg/kg);
Concentration coefficient AC=plant shoot content of beary metal/heavy metal in soil content;
The criterion of enriching plant is as follows:
1) the plant shoot content of beary metal is greater than this heavy metal species content of root;
2) plant shoot biomass (stem, leaf and inflorescence dry weight sum) is not compared with the contrast that does not add heavy metal and is significantly descended;
3) tangible poisoning symptom does not appear in the growth of plant;
4) plant shoot (mean value of stem, leaf and inflorescence) greater than 1, does not surpass a certain critical content this standard but satisfy plant shoot (stem and leaf) content of beary metal to the concentration coefficient of certain heavy metal species.
5) through after the concentration gradient test,, then think enriching plant (document 7:Ma LQ, Komar KM, Tu C, et al.A fern thathyperaccumulates arsenic.Nature 2001 if plant does not still reach the super enriching plant standard; 409:579; Document 8:Wei S, Zhou Q, Koval PV.Flowering stage characteristics of cadmium hyperaccumulatorSolanum nigrum L.and their significance to phytoremediation.Science of theTotal Environment.2006,369 (2006) 441-446).
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of expense cheap, workable, do not destroy soil physico-chemical property, do not cause secondary pollution and preventing that contaminated soil wind erosion, water erosion from all having the method for utilizing the abundant plant dandelion restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal of good result
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of method of utilizing the abundant plant dandelion restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal, plant dandelion containing on the soil of cadmium contaminants, absorb cadmium in the contaminated soil in a large number by the dandelion root system, and it is transferred to overground part organs such as stem and leaf, when plant length is maximum to the upperground part biomass, the plant shoot organ is removed from contaminated soil, thereby realized removing cadmium pollutant in soil;
When described the upperground part biomass is maximum, be meant plant from this period of time in florescence to maturity period, the maturity period is when being meant dandelion length to seed maturity; When plant length is maximum to the upperground part biomass, can be that plant integral body is removed from contaminated soil, thereby realizes removing cadmium pollutant in soil;
Plant dandelion containing on the soil of cadmium contaminants, can adopt open-air cultivation,, water, make soil moisture content remain on 40～95% of field capacity according to soil lack of water situation.
Described kind of dandelion is meant at direct sowing dandelion seed or the dandelion of seedling phase is implanted on the soil that contains cadmium contaminants on the soil;
Describedly plant dandelion containing on the soil of cadmium contaminants, can adopt the mode of multiple cropping, promptly when first batch of dandelion the upperground part biomass length arrives maximum, plant shoot is removed from contaminated soil, again by the spontaneous young leaves that grows of plant, wait for that the underground root system of dandelion develops into next batch plant once more, repeats said process, until thoroughly removing the soil pollutant cadmium;
Dandelion is a herbaceos perennial, and its overground part is after cradling or through after the death in severe winter, new leaf can also grow from its root.Therefore, can and repair needs, when the plant shoot biomass is maximum, overground part be cut off, wait its spontaneous young leaves that sends after also can surviving the winter, repeat said process afterwards according to the plant growing state.In this way, can from soil, take away a large amount of cadmiums, thereby reach the purpose of fast, thoroughly removing polluted heavy metals in the soil.
Cadmium content is 0.3-240mg/kg in the described soil that contains cadmium contaminants.
The present invention utilizes abundant plant dandelion to administer cadmium pollution soil, have expense cheap, workable, do not destroy soil physico-chemical property, do not cause secondary pollution and preventing that contaminated soil wind erosion, water erosion from all having good advantages such as effect.Experimental results show that plant dandelion is a kind of enriching plant, the present invention utilizes the excess enrichment extraction effect of dandelion to cadmium metal, by this enriching plant of plantation on cadmium pollution soil, make contaminated soil obtain repairing, compared with prior art, neither destroy and pollute on-site soil structure, culture fertility, greatly reduce rehabilitation expense again.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is dandelion the upperground part biomass under the different Cd concentration treatment conditions.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1 potted plant concentration gradient test
Test site is located in the ecological experiment station, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang, the geographical position be 123 ° 41 of east longitude ', 41 ° 31 of north latitude ', the about 50m of height above sea level does not have pollution sources around this experiment station, is the uncontaminated district of heavy metal.This station is located in the central area in south, loose distant Plain, apart from the about 35km in urban district, Shenyang, belongs to temperate zone half moistening continental climate, 5～9 ℃ of year-round average temperatures, and greater than 3100～3400 ℃ of 10 ℃ year active accumulated temperatures, year total radiation 520～544KJ/cm
2, frost-free period 127～164d, annual precipitation 650～700mm.Pot experiment is picked up from this station table soil, and (0～20cm), soil types is a meadow burozem.
6 processing have been established in test altogether, be respectively contrast (CK, do not add Cd) and 5 different Cd add the concentration test, Cd adds concentration: 10mg/kg (R1), 25mg/kg (R2), 50mg/kg (R3), 100mg/kg (R4), 200mg/kg (R5), the heavy metal form that adds is CdCl
22.5H
2O is AR, joins in the soil with solid-state, abundant mixing, and balance is stand-by after two weeks.
This was tested spring, transplanted the dandelion seedling and all picked up from the ecological station, Shenyang 4 in every basin, 3 repetitions.Open-air cultivation.According to basin lack of water situation, irregularly water (not detecting Cd in the water) makes soil moisture content often remain on about 80% of field capacity.Treat to gather in the crops after the vegetable seeds maturation.
Result of the test is as follows:
Fig. 1 has provided the upperground part biomass of dandelion under different Cd concentration treatment conditions.The significance of difference the analysis showed that, compared with the control, dandelion Cd add concentration be 10,25,50,100 and the processing of 200mg/kg in, the upperground part biomass all descends (p＜0.05), shows stronger patience.
Cd assay result shows (table 1) in the plant, and in each was handled, dandelion overground part Cd content was all greater than its root Cd content.To add concentration be 10 to Cd in soil, and during 25mg/kg, the enrichment of dandelion overground part is all greater than 1.Yet, Cd content is all less than greater than 100mg/kg in the leaf of plant, also do not reach the critical content standard that the Cd hyperaccumulative plant should reach, promptly therefore stem or leaf Cd content have satisfied the principal character of Cd enriching plant greater than 100mg/kg to the characteristic of accumulation of Cd from plant.Along with the increase of soil Cd level of pollution, Cd content is also increasing in the plant, and reaches maximum when Cd adds concentration for 200mg/kg.
Table 1 dandelion is to the enrichment characteristics (mg/kg) of cadmium
| Handle | Root | Leaf | Inflorescence | On the ground | TF | AC |
| R1 | 8.2 | 31.9 | 12.2 | 31.8 | 3.9 | 3.2 |
| R2 | 12.0 | 39.4 | 14.5 | 33.0 | 2.8 | 1.3 |
| R3 | 26.0 | 45.5 | 15.3 | 36.8 | 1.4 | 0.7 |
| R4 | 41.9 | 60.3 | 18.0 | 57.2 | 1.3 | 0.6 |
| R5 | 77.5 | 85.9 | 20.4 | 83.9 | 1.1 | 0.4 |
*TF is the transfer ratio number; AC is a concentration coefficient
Above-mentioned result of the test shows that dandelion has great patience to heavy metal cadmium, and is stronger to the cadmium accumulation ability, and concentration coefficient and transfer ratio are all higher, is the cadmium enriching plant.
Embodiment 2 mining contaminated area dandelions are to the enrichment characteristics of heavy metal
The plumbous zinc ore of Qincheng city, Fengcheng City, Liaoning son, geographical position be 123 ° 37 of east longitude ', 40 ° 41 of north latitude '.6.5～8.7 ℃ of this mining area year-round average temperatures, the main parent rock in precipitation 674.4mm. mining area is marble and mica schist, soil is brown earth soil. vegetation covers and to be mainly scondary forest and sparse shrubbery and the artificial metasequoia of part, locust tree woods. and the about 270～405m of each near coal-mine height above sea level of ore body, exploitation place is about 180～390m apart from ground, plumbous zinc ore grade about 70～80%, the main association of Cd is in zinc blend lattice, and average grade is about 0.034%, but does not become the ore deposit separately.Because dandelion is occasional species, so plant takes is to see a sampling mode of adopting one.
Pollute the dandelion plant that comparatively serious plumbous zinc ore district collects at Cd, all do not show from barment tag and be subjected to poisoning symptom.The corresponding root region soil of these a few strain plants is carried out physicochemical property and Cd assay result shows, sampled point soil basic physical and chemical is a pH value 6.53～6.95, organic 14.31～15.04g/kg, full N 0.58～0.72g/kg, full P 0.49～0.68g/kg, effective P 9.27～10.72mg/kg, quick-acting K 80.24～90.43mg/kg.The Cd total amount is 0.5～26.2mg/kg in sampled point (1～8) soil, and available state content is 0.2～16.0mg/kg, and available state accounts for 36.4%～67.2% (table 2) of total amount.
The Cd content and the plant shoot dry weight of the plumbous zinc ore of table 2 district dandelion and its root region soil
The dandelion overground part Cd concentration coefficient of gathering is respectively 2.45,1.25, and 4.40,1.73,2.18,1.02,1.73 and 1.02, all greater than 1, and overground part Cd content also shows the principal character with enriching plant all greater than its root Cd content (table 2).But stem of these plants and leaf Cd content all do not reach 100mg/kg, this with the test of potted plant concentration gradient in dandelion more consistent to the enrichment characteristics of Cd.
Embodiment 3. dirty irrigated area dandelions are to the enrichment characteristics of Cd
The dirty irrigated area of scholar is opened in Shenyang, is positioned at Shenyang western suburbs, the ecological about 30km in station apart from Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang.Since 1962, because the unreasonable Shenyang Wei worker's open channel of quoting contains Cd trade effluent irrigation rice field, most of farmland, irrigated area was polluted, according to investigation in 1975, soil mainly is polluted by Cd and Cd mainly is distributed in upper soll layer (about 0～35cm), the soil is subjected to the about 2800hm of Cd contaminated area
2, polluting more serious regional soil Cd concentration is 5～7mg/kg.When dandelion is ripe, take the stochastical sampling method to open herborization of scholar irrigated area and root region soil sample thereof to Shenyang.
Result of the test is as follows:
Opening the dandelion that the dirty irrigated area of scholar collects, from barment tag, also be the normal plant of growth, and ripe.The basic physical and chemical of these plant corresponding soils samples is a pH value 6.51～6.79, organic 16.07～17.53g/kg, full N 0.69～0.82g/kg, full P 0.62～0.71g/kg, effective P9.85～10.56mg/kg, quick-acting K 87.69～90.22mg/kg.Total Cd concentration is 0.7～2.6mg/kg in the soil, and available state Cd content is 0.6～2.1mg/kg, and available state Cd accounts for 80.0～90.4% of its total amount.This shows, open in the contaminated soil of scholar irrigated area available state Cd content Cd available state content (table 3) in the plumbous zinc ore of son district, Qincheng city soil.
The Cd content and the overground part dry weight thereof of the dirty irrigated area of table 3 dandelion and its root region soil
| Plant strain | Plant roots Cd (mg/kg) | Plant shoot Cd (mg/kg) | The total Cd of soil (mg/kg) | Soil extract attitude Cd (mg/kg) | Concentration coefficient | Transfer ratio | The upperground part biomass (g/) |
| 1 | 1.8 | 3.2 | 2.6 | 2.1 | 1.23 | 1.78 | 4.37 |
| 2 | 0.8 | 3.0 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 4.29 | 3.75 | 6.06 |
| 3 | 1.0 | 2.7 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 1.35 | 2.7 | 2.85 |
| 4 | 2.4 | 3.8 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 2.53 | 1.58 | 3.16 |
| 5 | 0.7 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 1.19 | 3.57 | 3.27 |
Its overground part of all dandelions Cd concentration coefficient of being gathered is all greater than 1, and overground part Cd content has possessed the principal character of Cd enriching plant all greater than its root Cd content (table 3).But stem of these plants and leaf Cd content all do not reach 100mg/kg yet, this also with the test of potted plant concentration gradient in dandelion more consistent to the enrichment characteristics of Cd.
This plant of dandelion, no matter in the natural Cd of plumbous zinc ore contaminated area, still under the self-sow state in Cd artificial pollution district under the dirt filling condition, all show the essential characteristic of Cd enriching plant, and under the artificial simulating pollution condition in ecological station, Shenyang, all reach whole features of Cd enriching plant.Therefore, can think that dandelion is the enriching plant of Cd.
From above 3 embodiment as can be seen, dandelion has extremely strong accumulation ability to heavy metal cadmium, is the enriching plant of cadmium, and cadmium pollution soil soil is had stronger repair ability.Dandelion is a herbaceos perennial, and its overground part is after cradling or through after the death in severe winter, new leaf can also grow from its root.Therefore, can and repair needs, when the plant shoot biomass is maximum, overground part be cut off, wait its spontaneous young leaves that sends after also can surviving the winter, repeat said process afterwards according to the plant growing state.In this way, can from soil, take away a large amount of cadmiums, thereby reach the purpose of fast, thoroughly removing polluted heavy metals in the soil.
Claims (8)
1. method of utilizing the abundant plant dandelion restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal, it is characterized in that: plant dandelion containing on the soil of cadmium contaminants, absorb cadmium in the contaminated soil in a large number by the dandelion root system, and it is transferred to the overground part organ, when plant length is maximum to the upperground part biomass, the plant shoot organ is removed from contaminated soil, thereby realized removing cadmium pollutant in soil.
2. according to the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: when described the upperground part biomass is maximum, be meant that plant is from this period of time in florescence to maturity period.
3. according to the described method of claim 2, it is characterized in that: the described maturity period is meant when dandelion grows into seed maturity.
4. according to the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: when plant length is maximum to the upperground part biomass, can is that plant integral body is removed from contaminated soil, thereby realizes removing cadmium pollutant in soil.
5. according to the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: plant dandelion containing on the soil of cadmium contaminants, can adopt open-air cultivation,, water, make soil moisture content remain on 40～95% of field capacity according to soil lack of water situation.
6. according to the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described kind of dandelion is meant at direct sowing dandelion seed or the dandelion of seedling phase is implanted on the soil that contains cadmium contaminants on the soil.
7. according to the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: plant the ball dandelion in the mode that contains employing multiple cropping on the soil of cadmium contaminants, promptly when first batch of dandelion length is maximum to the upperground part biomass, the plant shoot organ is removed from contaminated soil, wait for that the underground root system of dandelion develops into next batch plant once more, repeat said process, until final cadmium pollution soil repair.
8. according to the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: cadmium content is 0.3-240mg/kg in the described soil that contains cadmium contaminants.
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| CN102114490A (en) * | 2011-03-04 | 2011-07-06 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | Phytoremediation method for cadmium polluted farmland |
| CN101722179B (en) * | 2009-11-20 | 2012-01-25 | 中山大学 | Ecological rehabilitation method for removing heavy metals in soil |
| CN102873085A (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2013-01-16 | 中国科学技术大学 | Phytoremediation method for soil polluted by antimony and application of phytoremediation method |
| CN103949467A (en) * | 2014-05-20 | 2014-07-30 | 南开大学 | Method for remedying petroleum-hydrocarbon-polluted soil by virtue of wild decorative plant, namely leucanthemum maximum |
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| CN102114490A (en) * | 2011-03-04 | 2011-07-06 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | Phytoremediation method for cadmium polluted farmland |
| CN102873085A (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2013-01-16 | 中国科学技术大学 | Phytoremediation method for soil polluted by antimony and application of phytoremediation method |
| CN103949467A (en) * | 2014-05-20 | 2014-07-30 | 南开大学 | Method for remedying petroleum-hydrocarbon-polluted soil by virtue of wild decorative plant, namely leucanthemum maximum |
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| CN104475435A (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2015-04-01 | 辽宁石油化工大学 | Application of florists cineraria in repairing lead polluted soil |
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| CN106077055A (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2016-11-09 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | A kind of method utilizing concentration type Sunflower Varieties to repair cadmium lead contamination farmland |
| CN106077055B (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2019-06-21 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | A method of cadmium lead contamination farmland is repaired using concentration type Sunflower Varieties |
| CN106862266A (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2017-06-20 | 重庆文理学院 | A kind of restorative procedure of severe heavy-metal composite pollution soil |
| CN108126976A (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2018-06-08 | 煜环环境科技有限公司 | A kind of method that chromium-polluted soil is repaired using plant rye grass |
| CN109433809A (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2019-03-08 | 桂林理工大学 | A method of with the restoring cadmium polluted agricultural land soil of Ageratum conyzoides |
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