CN103949467B - A kind of method utilizing wild ornamental plants Shasta daisy remedying oil-polluted soils - Google Patents
A kind of method utilizing wild ornamental plants Shasta daisy remedying oil-polluted soils Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of method utilizing wild ornamental plants Shasta daisy to repair petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil, utilize the absorption of plant itself, rhizosphere microorganism and root exudates thereof to the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon, realize degraded soil Petroleum Hydrocarbon, step is as follows: the method adopting sprigging, Shasta daisy is planted in mass concentration be in the petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil of 4%, can remove as ornamental flower and commodity selling using its entirety when it grows to the maturity period, also its aerial part removable treats that root growth is new one batch of plant; Repeat in above-mentioned planting process, till the petroleum hydrocarbon content in soil reaches National Environmental standard or ecological safety index.The advantage of this method is: utilize Shasta daisy to repair petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil, expense is low, do not produce secondary pollution, do not enter food chain, do not beautify sublimity while spoiled soil physicochemical property, pollution administration, be applicable to large area operation and quantities is little, Wild Flowers extensive management, instant effect, is beneficial to and applies.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the environment remediation technology of organic polluted soil, specifically a kind of method utilizing wild ornamental plants Shasta daisy to repair high concentration petroleum pollution soil.
Background technology
Accelerate along with industrialization development and urbanization process, the status of petroleum-based energy in economical operation is more and more important, one of energy pillar industry having become various countries, correspondingly, oil extraction activity also grows in intensity, see document 1: Lin Xin, Li Peijun, Tai Peidong etc. Research progress in phyto-microbial remediation of petroleum-contaminated soil [J]. ecological magazine, 2006,25 (1): 93-100.According to statistics, China is in about more than 400, oil field in operation at present, main working range reaches 200,000 square kilometres, the land area covered is 320,000 square kilometres, see document 2: Lin Xin, Li Peijun, Tai Peidong etc. Research progress in phyto-microbial remediation of petroleum-contaminated soil [J]. ecological magazine, 2006,25 (1): 93-100.But oil is meeting human demand, while it provides available energy, also inevitably produce a large amount of pollution.A large amount of ground crude oil can be produced and petroleum hydrocarbon is brought into soil in the exploitation of oil, refining, storage and transportation, stacking and the use of oil shale slag also can make bulk petroleum hydrocarbon enter soil, severe contamination is caused to soil, see document 3: Zhang Cong, Xia Lijiang. the bioremediation technology [M] of contaminated soil. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 2000,246-254,264-268.Petroleum hydrocarbon is the hydrocarbon of mixing, comprise alkane, aromatic hydrocarbon, asphalitine, polar substances etc., the many thickness of quality, inflammable, see document 4:ZHOUQixing, CAIZhang, ZHANGZhinengandLIUWeitao.EcologicalRemediationofHydrocar bonContaminatedSoilswithWeedPlant.JournalofResourcesandE cology, 2011,2 (2): 97-105.Petroleum hydrocarbon in soil not only affects the physicochemical properties of soil, hinder the normal growth of plant, see document 5:ListeH.H., FelgentreuD., Cropgrowth, culturablebacteria, anddegradationofpetrolhydrocarbons (PHCs) inalong-termcontaminatedfieldsoil.AppliedSoilEcology, 2006, 31:43-52, and by osmosis polluted underground water, see document 6:N.Sawatsky, X.Li.Importanceofsoil-waterrelationsintheendpointofbiore mediationsoils.PlantandSoil, 1997, 192:227-236, by biological chain, the whole ecosystem and human health are caused a significant threat.Thus effectively improvement is carried out to petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil very urgent.
Phytoremediation, refer to the absorption by plant itself, the degraded of rhizosphere microorganism and root exudates thereof, absorb, fix or passivation, poisonous and hazardous polluter is removed from environment, degrade or be transformed into the less even nontoxic material of toxicity, realize the in-situ remediation method of contaminated soil, see document 7:S.P.Pradhan, J.R.Conrad, J.R.Paterek, etal.PotentialofphytoremediationfortreatmentofPAHsinsoil atMGPsites [J] .JournalofSoilContamination, 1998, 7 (4): 467-480, document 8: Zhou Qixing, Song Yufang. contaminated soil remediation principle and method [M] .2004, Beijing: Science Press .22-42.Phytoremediation, as an emerging green recovery technique, has gradually developed since the nineties in 20th century, starts to become soil pollution and repairs one of technology of field most vitality, and step into rapidly the industrialization stage.The early stage research range of phytoremediation is mainly for the removal of the harmful element in specific soil and polluted water region, along with the increase of pollutant kind, organic pollution field is extended to gradually to the research of phytoremediation, see document 9: Jiao Xingchun, Chen Suhua, Shen Wei is right. and rice root is to the sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and absorption [J]. environmental science, 2006,27 (4): 760-764.Phytoremediation technology is relatively more effective for the petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil of low concentration in shallow-layer (0-20cm), can be applied to physical chemistry recovery technique later stage or end, both can be used for the decomposition to organic pollution, also can be used for the cleaning to inorganic pollution.Compared with traditional physics, chemical method, plant restoration method has that cost is low, natural beauty, can carry out the features such as large area manipulation in situ, non-secondary pollution, see document 10:MacekT.etal.BiotechnologyAdvances.2000, and 18:23; Document 11:CaiZ., etal., Promotedbiodegradationandmicrobiologicaleffectsofpetrole umhydrocarbonsbyImpatiensbalsaminaL.withstrongendurance. JournalofHazardousMaterials, 2010,183 (1 – 3): 731-737, therefore become one of the most effective and feasible method of oil-polluted soils reparation gradually.
Up to now, the plant being applied to remedying oil-polluted soils mostly is herbage class and crop class, rare flower plant carrys out the report of remedying oil-polluted soils, see document 12:G.Malallah, M.Afzal, M.Kurian, etal.Impactofoilpollutiononsomedesertplants [J] .EnvironmentInternational, 1998,24 (8): 919-924.Flower plant, compared with common plant, has and beautifies the environment, do not enter the advantages such as food chain, therefore possess larger advantage and application potential as rehabilitation plant.But, because plant growth is subject to weather conditions, topography and geomorphology, the profound influence of soil property etc., see document 13:X.Li, Y.Feng, N.Sawatsky.Importanceofsoil-waterrelationsinassessingthe endpointofbioremediatedsoils:I.Plantgrowth [J] .PLANTANDSOIL, 1997, 192 (2): 219-226, the plant with good repairing effect enters into another environment and may not necessarily obtain repairing effect desirable equally, so the screening that species are viewed and admired in the native country being adapted to contaminated environment better becomes the first-selection work of phytoremediation.
Wild species flowers, compared with common flower plant, have plurality of advantages.Wild Flowers owing to being grown on the comparatively harsh environment such as hillside, wild country more, thus often more impoverishment tolerant, resistance is better, biomass is more flourishing, it is also high to environmental requirement unlike the flowers that the mankind cultivate to environmental requirement; The requirement of Wild Flowers to nutrition is low, does not need too much cultivation and maintenance, and extensive management is simple, can reduce and cultivate cost and labor management cost when thus actual place is used; Wild Flowers plant often can pass through young seedling direct transplantation, the survival rate of seedling is also high, greatly can shorten the growth time of plant from seed to seedling, finally reach the object shortening the phytoremediation cycle, thus overcome the drawback of phytoremediation time length, see document 14: Cheng Lijuan, Zhou Qixing. and wild ornamental plants Sedum spectabilis is to the repairing research [J] of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil. ACTA Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2014,34 (4): 980-986.According to the advantage of above-described all wild ornamental plants, select Wild Flowers plant to carry out the reparation of contaminated site, a brand-new path will be opened for phytoremediation.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to for above-mentioned technical Analysis, provide one utilize wild ornamental plants Shasta daisy [
leucanthemummaximum(Ramood) DC.] method of remedying oil-polluted soils, wild ornamental plants as native country species have to pollutant more impoverishment tolerant, resistance better, plant the advantages such as matter is abundanter, biomass is more flourishing, do not enter food chain, management is simpler, can beautify the environment; Wild ornamental plants is directly planted by seedling, shortens the growth time of plant from seed to seedling, finally reaches the object shortening the phytoremediation time.
Technical scheme of the present invention:
1. utilize wild ornamental plants Shasta daisy to repair a method for petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil, utilize the absorption of plant itself, rhizosphere microorganism and root exudates thereof to the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon, realize degraded soil Petroleum Hydrocarbon, step is as follows:
1) method of sprigging is adopted, Shasta daisy is planted in petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil, morning every day regular watering once, water capacity is made to remain on 60% of maximum water-holding capacity, to make, its Biomass growth is maximum, contaminant degradation rate is the highest, when it grows to maturity period or florescence, its entirety can be removed as ornamental flower and commodity selling;
2) sprigging Shasta daisy in above-mentioned soil is repeated, till the petroleum hydrocarbon content in soil reaches National Environmental standard or ecological safety index.
The mass percent concentration of described petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil is for being less than 4%.
Shasta daisy of the present invention is under the jurisdiction of composite family shore Chrysanthemum, is perennial herb.Plant height 15-80 centimetre, stem is upright, usually not branch, by fine hair or frizzle to without hair; The basal leaf florescence survives, oblong, lanceolar, obovate or avette, long 3-8 centimetre, wide 1.5-2.5 centimetre; Base portion wedge shape, gradually narrow one-tenth long handle, handle is longer than blade self, edge circle or crenation; Middle and lower part cauline leaf oblong or wire oblong, narrow to base portion, and ear or nearly ear expand half armful of stem, below middle part or nearly base portion pinniform is shallow sometimes splits; Upper leaf is gradually little, and pinniform is totally cleaved sometimes; Whole leaf two sides is without hair, and gland point is not obvious; , there is long bennet on the raw stem top of capitulum list, or raw 2-5 the capitulum of stem, lines up loose umbrella room shape; Involucre footpath 10-20 millimeter.Whole bract without hair, edge white or brown film quality; The long 10-25 millimeter of tongue piece, the long 2-3 millimeter of achene, has the lateral margin hat tooth reaching 0.4 millimeter without pappus or ligulate flower achene; The flowering fruit bearing stage 5-10 month.
The advantage of this method is: Shasta daisy is the petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated plant of a kind of efficient reparation, has stronger endurance and degradation capability to the petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil of high concentration; Shasta daisy is utilized to repair petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil, have cost low, beautify the environment, do not produce secondary pollution, do not enter food chain, the physicochemical property of soil can be improved, be applicable to the advantages such as large area operation, adequately achieve the unification of ecological benefits, environmental benefit and economic benefit.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment:
A kind of method utilizing wild ornamental plants Shasta daisy to repair petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil, utilize the absorption of plant itself, rhizosphere microorganism and root exudates thereof to the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon, realize degraded soil Petroleum Hydrocarbon, the greenhouse pot culture repairing test of Shasta daisy to petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil is as follows:
Experiment place, in institute of Taida of Nankai Univ. greenhouse, is located in economic and technological development zone, Tianjin, and belong to the moistening continental monsoon climate in temperate zone half, annual precipitation is at about 500-600.Test soil used to pick up from Dagang Oilfield, Tianjin City.
Cross 2mm sieve respectively by after oil-polluted soils and cleaning soil natural air drying, then two kinds of soil are mixed into the petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil that mass percent concentration is 4%.2 processed group are established in test altogether, are respectively: CK(cleaning soil), contaminated soil A-total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration is that 38986mg/kg(pollution concentration is about 4%), each process establishes 3 parallel group.
The flowerpot back cut diameter of pot experiment is 230mm, and height is 180mm, and every 1500 grams, basin dress soil, basin soil waters permeable, after balancing two weeks, transplants in basin by the seedling rootstock of Shasta daisy, every pot transplanting 3 strain.Duration of test can utilize little spades to loosen table soil, but can not hurt the root of plant, to ensure the oxygen sources in soil.In test every day early 8 regular waterings once, make water capacity remain on 60% of maximum water-holding capacity, to make, its Biomass growth is maximum, contaminant degradation rate is the highest.The mode combined that the mode of watering adopts top spray to water and bottom tray is watered, to promote the root growth of plant.When adopting showering plantation, first water permeable by basin soil, transplant time between the lights, also directly should be planted by land for growing field crops and carries out in-situ immobilization.
Shasta daisy is gathered in the crops after planting and within 4 months, growing to the maturity period.The plant of results is cleaned up with running water and uses washed with de-ionized water again, drain moisture, carry out weighing of aerial part fresh weight and root fresh weight.Pedotheque vacuum freeze drier carries out 24 hours drying and dehydratings, then measures soil total petroleum hydrocarbons content with Suo Tifa, and extractant is for analyzing absolute dichloromethane.
Experimental result:
1, under different disposal concentration Shasta daisy to petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated patience
There is Shasta daisy the upperground part biomass of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated group obviously to reduce during results, illustrate that the growth of Shasta daisy receives obvious inhibitory action, but still do not have the obvious poisoning symptoms such as appearance is withered, lodging.
Table 1 is the impact of variable concentrations petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil on Shasta daisy biomass.
Table 1
| Total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration (mg/kg) | Root long (cm) | Root heavy (g) | Overground part heavy (g) | Fresh weight (g) |
| 0 | 17.0 | 22.09 | 37.98 | 60.07 |
| 38986 | 15.5 | 16.18 | 24.11 | 40.29 |
Known see table 1, the biomass data of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated processed group are all less than blank group, and under this illustrates petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated existence condition, the growth of Shasta daisy receives certain inhibitory action.But under the petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated concentration of high concentration (38986mg/kg), the biomass of Shasta daisy reduces not remarkable, can be described as closely pollution-free control group, and under this concentration Shasta daisy do not occur yet withering, the significantly poisoning symptom such as lodging, illustrate that Shasta daisy shows extremely strong tolerance to high concentration petroleum hydrocarbon.Although it not yet has clear and definite research to petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated tolerance mechanism, but can determine, the petroleum hydrocarbon of Shasta daisy to higher concentration possesses very strong tolerance, possesses the character improving petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil, or even repairs the potentiality of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil.
2, under different disposal concentration Shasta daisy to the degradation rate of soil total petroleum hydrocarbon
Under the pollution concentration of 38986mg/kg, Shasta daisy is 19.50% to the degradation rate of total petroleum hydrocarbon, apparently higher than 10.56% of blank group, is 1.85 times of blank group, this illustrates under high density pollution level, and the repairing effect of dependence plant will significantly better than the natural degradation of soil.
Inferred by above result: Shasta daisy possesses the repairing effect of highly significant for the petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil of high concentration.Repeat to plant Shasta daisy in above-mentioned soil, the petroleum hydrocarbon content in soil can be made to reach National Environmental standard or ecological safety index.
Claims (1)
1. utilize wild ornamental plants Shasta daisy to repair a method for petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil, it is characterized in that: utilize the absorption of plant itself, rhizosphere microorganism and root exudates thereof to the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon, realize degraded soil Petroleum Hydrocarbon, step is as follows:
1) method of sprigging is adopted, Shasta daisy is planted in mass concentration be in the petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil of 4%, morning every day regular watering once, water capacity is made to remain on 60% of maximum water-holding capacity, to make, its Biomass growth is maximum, contaminant degradation rate is the highest, when it grows to maturity period or florescence, its entirety can be removed as ornamental flower and commodity selling;
2) sprigging Shasta daisy in above-mentioned soil is repeated, till the petroleum hydrocarbon content in soil reaches National Environmental standard or ecological safety index.
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| CN104858226A (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2015-08-26 | 南开大学 | Method for repairing heavy-metal cadmium polluted soil by using bougainvillea speetabilis plants |
| CN105710121B (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2021-04-20 | 南开大学 | Method for restoring petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil by using wild ornamental plant veronica officinalis |
| CN105665431A (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2016-06-15 | 南开大学 | Method for restoring petroleum hydrocarbon polluted soil through wild ornamental plant day lilies |
| CN105750312A (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2016-07-13 | 天津大学 | Application optimization method of local soil plant-microorganism remediation technology |
| CN107552550A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-01-09 | 沈阳大学 | A kind of method that cadmium, lead-contaminated soil are repaired using root exudates fortification of plants |
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