CN111715688A - Method for reducing diffusion of heavy metal pollution in soil around mine - Google Patents
Method for reducing diffusion of heavy metal pollution in soil around mine Download PDFInfo
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- CN111715688A CN111715688A CN202010598336.8A CN202010598336A CN111715688A CN 111715688 A CN111715688 A CN 111715688A CN 202010598336 A CN202010598336 A CN 202010598336A CN 111715688 A CN111715688 A CN 111715688A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for reducing diffusion of heavy metal pollution in soil around a mine, and belongs to the technical field of heavy metal pollution treatment around the mine. According to the method, heavy metal-resistant trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants are reasonably planted in a gentle slope zone between a non-ferrous metal mining area or a tailing pond and a peripheral farmland, an ecological isolation zone based on natural vegetation is constructed, migration of various heavy metals in the environment is reduced, ecological landscape around the mining area can be improved, soil is stabilized, heavy metal diffusion is controlled, soil environment quality and grain safety of the peripheral farmland are guaranteed, and threat of pollution to human health is relieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of treatment of heavy metal pollution around mines, in particular to a method for reducing diffusion of heavy metal pollution in soil around a mine.
Background
Along with the rapid development of economic construction in China, the demand for mineral resources is increasing, and the problem of environmental pollution is inevitably brought while the mineral resources are developed and utilized, wherein the problem of heavy metal pollution of soil around a nonferrous metal mining area becomes one of the hot problems of environmental pollution.
The distribution characteristics of nonferrous metal ores in China are more south and less north, and the southern hilly area has the characteristics of dense water system, abundant rainfall, developed agriculture, high farmland multiple cropping index and the like. The waste rock produced by mining, the tailings produced by mineral separation and smelting waste residue (containing one or more harmful heavy metal elements such as Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr and the like) not only cause the damage to the vegetation and landscape around the mining area, the sharp reduction of biological diversity and the degradation of an ecosystem, but also easily diffuse the heavy metal to the soil of the surrounding farmland under the actions of water erosion, leaching, runoff and the like, so that the quality of the soil environment is reduced, the local economic development is restricted, and the health of people is influenced. Therefore, it is one of the hot spots of the current research to control the heavy metal pollution of the surrounding environment by the mining area (tailing pond).
At present, most of mining area (tailing pond) heavy metal pollution control and ecological restoration adopt traditional methods and technical modes, including engineering measures such as ore area multiple pit backfill leveling, slope cutting and slope descending, slope covering, net hanging, soil replacement, spray seeding and re-greening, plant rolling and covering method and the like, most of nonferrous metal ores in China are located in mountainous areas, soil layers are thin, soil sources are few, and therefore long-distance soil fetching is needed in projects such as ore area multiple pit backfill, slope covering and the like, the cost is high, meanwhile, ecological restoration projects such as soil replacement, ecological vegetation blankets and the like lack natural vegetation growth, the variety of plants is single, the ecological stability is poor, and the plants need to be updated year by year.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for reducing heavy metal pollution diffusion of soil around a mine by matching arbor, shrub and grass planting, which is characterized in that a composite ecological system based on plant stability is constructed by planting high heavy metal-resistant arbor-shrub-herbaceous plants in a gentle slope zone between the periphery of a non-ferrous metal mining area or a tailing pond and the surrounding farmland, an ecological isolation zone is implemented to block a pollution way, and heavy metal diffusion to the soil around the mining area is reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides a method for reducing diffusion of heavy metal pollution in soil around a mine, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a gentle slope zone between a non-ferrous metal mining area or a tailing pond and a peripheral farmland, preparing soil and applying fertilizer, and curing the soil by removing weeds and deeply turning and sunning ridges;
(2) planting arbors: digging planting holes, and separately stacking surface soil and core soil during hole digging so as to cover soil directly after planting; after the hole is dug, filling a layer of decomposed organic fertilizer at the bottom of the hole, covering with 0.1 m of soil, removing leaves of the arbor sapling, reserving 2-3 leaves at the top, planting the arbor sapling in the hole, covering soil according to the original shape, and watering root fixing water;
(3) planting shrubs: ditching in the vertical direction of the slope direction between arbor rows, applying decomposed base fertilizer and earthing according to the step (2), transplanting shrubs into ditches for covering soil, and watering root fixing water;
(4) and (3) cultivating herbaceous plants: sowing herbaceous plant seeds between the arbor and shrub rows in the step (2) and the step (3) according to the row spacing of 0.2 m, and performing artificial weed removal for 1-2 times in the seedling stage of the herbaceous plant;
(5) after the arbor-shrub-herbaceous plant is planted in a matching way, an ecological isolation zone is formed, heavy metal pollution diffusion ways are blocked, then fertilization, irrigation, pest control and pruning are carried out according to a conventional cultivation method, the herbaceous plant is harvested and used as green manure to return to soil, and sowing can be carried out again in the next year.
As a further improvement of the invention, the gentle slope belt in the step (1) is positioned at the periphery of the non-ferrous metal ore or tailing pond, the included angle between the gentle slope belt and the horizontal plane is 2-10 degrees, the periphery of the gentle slope belt is close to the farmland, and surface runoff exists.
As a further improvement of the invention, the planting holes are dug in the step (2) at intervals of 2.5 meters by 2.5 meters, the diameter of each hole is 0.5 meter, and the depth of each hole is 0.3 meter.
As a further improvement of the method, in the step (3), furrows are dug in the vertical direction of the slope at the spacing of 0.5 meter between the arbor rows, the depth of the furrows is 0.25 meter, and shrubs are transplanted into the furrows at the plant spacing of 0.25 meter and are covered with soil.
As a further improvement of the invention, the arbor is an osmanthus tree.
As a further improvement of the invention, the shrub is buxus microphylla.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the herbaceous plant is one of milk vetch, sudan grass, sorghum sudan grass, ryegrass, mexican corn or lake south millet.
As a further improvement of the invention, the herbaceous plant is astragalus sinicus.
The arbor, shrub and herbaceous plants for constructing the ecological isolation zone are all ecological varieties resistant to various heavy metals, and are pioneer plants for ecological restoration of a mining area.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
according to the invention, the gentle slope zone between the nonferrous metal mining area or tailing pond and the peripheral farmland is adopted, heavy metal-resistant trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants are reasonably planted in a matching manner, and the ecological isolation zone based on natural vegetation is constructed, so that the migration of various heavy metals in the environment is greatly reduced, the ecological landscape at the periphery of the mining area can be improved, the soil is stabilized, the diffusion of the heavy metals is controlled, the soil environmental quality and the grain safety of the peripheral farmland are guaranteed, and the threat of pollution to human health is reduced.
The osmanthus trees are excellent pioneer plants and ecological economic tree species resources for ecological restoration of lead-zinc mining areas and polluted sites thereof. The buxus microphylla is a evergreen shrub variety and is multipurpose for urban road greening and landscape architecture, the buxus microphylla has strong tolerance to heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu and the like, meanwhile, the surface of the leaf of the buxus microphylla has a thick wax layer, pores are uniformly and densely distributed, the capacity of dust retention is strong, and the heavy metal migration caused by dust raising can be effectively retarded. The milk vetch is a common leguminous green manure plant, has the functions of increasing soil nutrients and improving the water and fertilizer retention capacity of soil by symbiosis with rhizobia, has stronger tolerance to heavy metals, can regulate and control the growth of crops and the absorption of heavy metals on polluted soil, and can provide nitrogen nutrients for osmanthus trees and littleleaf boxwood when being planted. Therefore, the osmanthus tree, the buxus microphylla and the milk vetch are adopted to construct the ecological isolation belt, natural resources are reasonably utilized in space, and the functions are complementary, so that the heavy metal diffusion in a mining area can be effectively reduced, and meanwhile, the ecological landscape is good.
The invention provides a method for reducing diffusion of multiple metals to farmland around a mine by matching arbor, shrub and grass planting, which is characterized in that a composite ecological system based on plant stability is constructed by planting high-heavy-metal-resistant arbor-shrub-herbaceous plants in a gentle slope zone between the periphery of a non-ferrous metal mining area or a tailing pond and the farmland around, an ecological isolation zone is implemented to block pollution ways, and diffusion of heavy metals to soil of the farmland around the mining area is reduced. The heavy metal resistant arbor, shrub and herbaceous plant adopted by the invention can fully utilize natural resources through reasonable space configuration, simultaneously achieve the complementary function on the function, effectively absorb and fix heavy metal ions in soil at the root by utilizing the growth process of the plant, and retard surface runoff through the root and the overground part, thereby having better effect of reducing the diffusion of heavy metal in a mining area to peripheral farmlands, and having lower economic cost. In addition, the invention starts from multiple angles of environmental benefit, ecological restoration, economic cost control and the like, establishes a stable and self-sustaining ecological isolation zone around the mine (especially a tailing pond) with heavy metal pollution and ecological damage, effectively controls water erosion and wind erosion, and prevents and controls the migration and diffusion of heavy metal pollutants to the soil of peripheral farmland from the source.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an ecological barrier zone for arbor, shrub and grass planting in combination for reducing heavy metal diffusion in a mining area according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows the content of heavy metals absorbed by plants after the trees and shrubs of example 1 are planted;
FIG. 3 shows the content of heavy metals absorbed after the herbaceous plant of example 1 is planted;
FIG. 4 shows the reduction rate of water-soluble heavy metals in soil before and after the ecological isolation zone in example 1.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The specification and examples are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
Example 1
A gentle slope zone between the tailing dam and the peripheral farmland is selected at the periphery of the lead-zinc mine tailing dam of the village of Yangxi Shuesi in Guangxi, the slope is less than 10 degrees, the soil layer in the area is thin, rainfall is abundant, the area is polluted by the tailing dam, the ecology is damaged, vegetation coverage is rare, and surface runoff exists. Heavy metal-resistant arbor, shrub and herbaceous plants are planted in the gentle slope zone through a field test mode, and the heavy metal content absorbed by the roots and the overground parts of different plants and the reduction rate of soil water-soluble heavy metals in front of and behind the ecological isolation zone are measured.
The test is provided with 6 cells, the area of each cell is 20 m multiplied by 10 m, 6 different arbor, bush and grass matching planting modes are respectively planted, the mode 1 is osmanthus fragrans trees + buxus lobuli + sudan grass, the mode 2 is osmanthus fragrans trees + buxus lobuli + milk vetch, the mode 3 is osmanthus fragrans trees + buxus lobuli + sorghum halepense, the mode 4 is osmanthus fragrans trees + buxus lobuli + ryegrass, the mode 5 is osmanthus fragrans trees + buxus lobus + maize mexican, and the mode 6 is osmanthus fragrans trees + buxus lobus + millet Hunan.
The construction of the ecological isolation zone in the test cell comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing soil and applying fertilizer to the selected gentle slope zone, curing soil by removing weeds and deeply turning and sunning ridges, dividing cells according to the test design, wherein the interval between every two cells is 2 meters, and ridging ensures that no surface runoff circulates;
(2) planting the osmanthus trees: digging planting holes at intervals of 2.5 m × 2.5 m, wherein the diameter of each hole is 0.5 m, the depth of each hole is 0.3 m, and surface soil and core soil are separately stacked during digging the holes so as to cover the planted soil directly; after the holes are dug, filling a layer of decomposed organic fertilizer at the bottom of the holes, covering with 0.1 m of soil, knocking off leaves of the osmanthus saplings, planting the osmanthus saplings into the holes after 2-3 leaves at the top are reserved, covering with soil, and watering for rooting;
(3) planting the littleleaf boxwood: ditching is carried out between the rows of the osmanthus trees along the vertical direction of the slope direction according to the distance of 0.5 m, the depth of the ditches is 0.25 m, thoroughly decomposed base fertilizer and soil are applied according to the step (2), the buxus microphylla is transplanted according to the plant spacing of 0.25 m, soil is covered in the ditches, and root fixing water is poured.
(4) And (3) cultivating herbaceous plants: and (3) planting Sudan grass, milk vetch, sorghum sudan grass, ryegrass, Mexican corn and Hunan millet in 6 communities respectively, drilling herbaceous plant seeds between the sweet osmanthus trees and the littleleaf boxwood rows in the steps (2) and (3) according to a row spacing of 0.2 m, and performing artificial weed removal for 1-2 times in the seedling stage of the herbaceous plants.
(5) After arbor-shrub-herbaceous plant is planted in a matching way, an ecological isolation zone is formed, heavy metal pollution diffusion ways are blocked, and fertilization, irrigation, pest control and pruning are carried out according to a conventional cultivation method.
After the planting of the osmanthus fragrans trees, the growth conditions of the plants are good, the heavy metal contents in the osmanthus fragrans tree leaves (the osmanthus fragrans trees are perennial and root samples are not collected), the buxus microphylla leaves and roots, and the herbaceous plant leaves and root samples are respectively detected, as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the heavy metal contents such as Cd, Cr, Pb and the like are hardly detected in the osmanthus fragrans tree leaves and the buxus microphylla leaves, the heavy metal contents in the roots of the buxus microphylla and the herbaceous plants are larger than the heavy metal contents in the overground parts, and therefore, the heavy metals absorbed and fixed by the shrubs and the herbaceous plants are mainly accumulated in the roots. Meanwhile, the contents of heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni and the like in the root system of the astragalus sinicus of the leguminosae are obviously higher than those of other herbaceous plants, and the absorption and holding effects of the astragalus sinicus root system on the heavy metals are stronger than those of the other herbaceous plants.
The detection results of the water-soluble heavy metal content of the soil before and after different ecological isolation zones show that the mode 2, namely the matching planting mode of the osmanthus fragrans, the buxus microphylla and the astragalus sinicus, has the best effect of reducing the water-soluble heavy metal in the soil, the reduction rate of the water-soluble Cd is 93.8%, the reduction effects on the water-soluble Pb, Cr and Cu are respectively 82.3%, 82.7% and 81.2%, and the reduction effects on the Ni and Zn are respectively 72.4% and 54.3%. The method for reducing the diffusion of multiple metals to the farmland around the mine by the arbor, shrub and grass combined planting can well realize the reconstruction of the ecological landscape of the peripheral gentle slope zone of the mine area (tailing pond) and effectively reduce the diffusion of various heavy metals in the mine area to the farmland around the mine.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for reducing heavy metal pollution diffusion of soil around a mine is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a gentle slope zone between a non-ferrous metal mining area or a tailing pond and a peripheral farmland, preparing soil and applying fertilizer, and curing the soil by removing weeds and deeply turning and sunning ridges;
(2) planting arbors: digging planting holes, and separately stacking surface soil and core soil during hole digging; after the hole is dug, filling a layer of decomposed organic fertilizer at the bottom of the hole, covering with 0.1 m of soil, removing leaves of the arbor sapling, reserving 2-3 leaves at the top, planting the arbor sapling in the hole, covering soil according to the original shape, and watering root fixing water;
(3) planting shrubs: ditching in the vertical direction of the slope direction between arbor rows, applying decomposed base fertilizer and earthing according to the step (2), transplanting shrubs into ditches for covering soil, and watering root fixing water;
(4) and (3) cultivating herbaceous plants: sowing herbaceous plant seeds between the arbor and shrub rows in the step (2) and the step (3) according to the row spacing of 0.2 m, and performing artificial weed removal for 1-2 times in the seedling stage of the herbaceous plant;
(5) after the arbor-shrub-herbaceous plant is planted in a matching way, an ecological isolation zone is formed, heavy metal pollution diffusion ways are blocked, then fertilization, irrigation, pest control and pruning are carried out according to a conventional cultivation method, the herbaceous plant is harvested and used as green manure to return to soil, and sowing can be carried out again in the next year.
2. The method for reducing the diffusion of heavy metal pollution in soil around a mine according to claim 1, wherein the gentle slope belt in the step (1) is positioned at the periphery of a non-ferrous metal ore or tailing pond, forms an angle of 2-10 degrees with a horizontal plane, is close to a farmland at the periphery, and has surface runoff.
3. The method for reducing the diffusion of heavy metal pollution in soil around a mine according to claim 1, wherein the planting holes are dug at intervals of 2.5 m by 2.5 m in the step (2), and the diameter of each hole is 0.5 m and the depth of each hole is 0.3 m.
4. The method for reducing the diffusion of heavy metal pollution in soil around a mine according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), furrows are dug in the vertical direction of the slope at the interval of 0.5 meter between the arbor rows, the furrows are 0.25 meter deep, and shrubs are transplanted into the furrows at the plant spacing of 0.25 meter and are covered with soil.
5. The method for reducing diffusion of heavy metal pollution in soil around a mine according to claim 1, wherein the arbor is an osmanthus tree.
6. The method for reducing the diffusion of heavy metal pollution in soil around a mine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shrub is buxus microphylla.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the herbaceous plant is one of Astragalus sinicus, Sudan grass, sorghum sudan grass, Lolium perenne, Zea mexicana, or Panicum virgatum.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the herbaceous plant is Astragalus sinicus.
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| CN113723808A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-11-30 | 扎赉诺尔煤业有限责任公司 | Ecological niche-based ecological restoration vegetation allocation method for alpine open closed-pit mining area and application |
| CN113751482A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2021-12-07 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Ecological recovery method for metal mine extremely-acidified refuse dump |
| CN114054486A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-02-18 | 四川大学 | Method for retarding heavy metal migration and application thereof |
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| CN114054486A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-02-18 | 四川大学 | Method for retarding heavy metal migration and application thereof |
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