CN104126405A - Method for remedying calcicolous soil polluted by heavy metals of copper and lead through phytostabilization - Google Patents
Method for remedying calcicolous soil polluted by heavy metals of copper and lead through phytostabilization Download PDFInfo
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- CN104126405A CN104126405A CN201410381135.7A CN201410381135A CN104126405A CN 104126405 A CN104126405 A CN 104126405A CN 201410381135 A CN201410381135 A CN 201410381135A CN 104126405 A CN104126405 A CN 104126405A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for remedying calcicolous soil polluted by heavy metals of copper and lead through phytostabilization. The method comprises the steps of firstly, planting arbors in the calcicolous soil polluted by heavy metals of copper and lead according to the density of 1.5m*1.5m and the depth of a planting cave not lower than 0.8m, and interplanting shrubs and herbaceous plants to construct an arbor-shrub-herbaceous plant three-dimensional remediation mode; cultivating the arbors through a conventional method; finally, performing intermediate cuttings or clear cutting on the arbors growing for five to seven years according to arbor application purposes. The method is safe, friendly to the environment, free of secondary pollution, suitable for remediation of non-point source pollution and capable of improving soil organic matters and soil fertility and creating economic benefit, and thereby being easily accepted by the public.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the phytoremediation technology of contaminated environment, the plant that relates in particular to heavy metal copper, lead pollution calcareous soil is restorative procedure fixedly.
Background technology
Using in a large number of wastewater irrigation, agricultural sludge and agricultural chemicals and chemical fertilizer caused arid biogeographic zone farmland to be generally subject to the pollution of the heavy metals such as copper (Cu), plumbous (Pb).According to Environmental Protection Department soil regime investigation result, China's heavy metal pollution arable area has reached 2,000 ten thousand hm
2, its area accounts for 14.8% of 20.27 hundred million mu of the existing arable areas of China that Ministry of Land and Resources in 2012 announces.Thus, China is every year because of heavy metal pollution underproduction grain 10 million ton, and the economic loss causing total is at least 20,000,000,000 yuan.Oasis is the elementary cell of arid biogeographic zone industrial and agricultural production, and its area only accounts for 3 ~ 5% of the arid biogeographic zone gross area, but has brought up more than 90% population of arid biogeographic zone, has created the more than 95% industrial or agricultural output value.China's arid biogeographic zone rich in mineral resources, however in exploitation of mineral resources process, mining area oasis farmland around has generally been subject to the severe contamination of heavy metal.For heavy metal pollution farmland, continue plantation cereal crops or herbage and can threaten agricultural product security; If the heavy metal in no longer cultivated soil can bring secondary pollution with wind erosion, water erosion effect, also can threaten 1,800,000,000 mu of arable land red lines of China simultaneously.Therefore, carrying out the reparation that arid biogeographic zone heavy metal pollution ploughs is current environmental problem urgently to be resolved hurrily.
Phytoremediation is a kind of remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil of rising in recent years, than traditional physics, chemical recovery technique as soil moved in to improve the original, landfill and drip washing, its have economy, environmental friendliness, can not spoiled soil character, can recover and improve the features such as soil quality, be the especially effective means of heavy metal pollution agricultural land soil of current rehabilitating soil pollution of area source.Plant extract and plant are fixedly two importances of phytoremediation.Yet, the pH based on arid soil alkalescence and high calcium carbonate content, the content that arid soil GOLD FROM PLATING SOLUTION belongs to ion is conventionally lower, itself so limited the extraction reparation of plant to heavy metal in soil.Therefore, consider the bioavailability of heavy metals that arid soil is low, plant is fixedly to repair the preferential technology of selecting of arid biogeographic zone heavy-metal contaminated soil.
The careless families of plant of tall filling are that a kind of arbor, shrub and herbaceous plant are repaired pattern by different proportion and the mixed a kind of solid with specific community structure and function forming of handing over of mode.Compare with single high forest, aspect ecological functions, three-dimensional reparation pattern can improve the height of tree, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and the Stand Biomass of arbor; Improve soil physico-chemical property, increase the accumulation of topsoil organic matter and nutrient (N, P, K); Increase soil moisture content, make Tree root system distribute more deeply, more even.At heavy metal fixedly aspect reparation, three-dimensional reparation pattern can prevent that single high forest from setting up the heavy metal that the soil diffusion brought out by wind erosion, water erosion, leaching etc. in early days brings and moving; Three-dimensional reparation pattern is also more conducive to by absorption and enrichment, the absorption of root table or the precipitation in root district of root system, heavy metal is fixed in soil.Therefore Qiao who, carries out heavy-metal contaminated soil fills with that grass is three-dimensional to be repaired model study and have important scientific value and realistic meaning.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of safe, green, heavy metal copper of non-secondary pollution, the fixing restorative procedure of the plant of lead pollution calcareous soil.
For addressing the above problem, the plant of heavy metal copper of the present invention, lead pollution calcareous soil is restorative procedure fixedly, it is characterized in that: the method refers to that first on heavy metal copper, lead pollution calcareous soil, according to the density of 1.5 * 1.5 m, planting hole, being deeply not less than 0.8 m kind plants arbor, and intercropping shrub and herbaceous plant, build the tall careless three-dimensional reparation pattern of filling with; Then described arbor is cultivated according to a conventional method; Finally, when described Tree growth to 5 ~ 7 year according to by material object, it being carried out to intermediate cutting or clear felling.
Described heavy metal copper, lead pollution calcareous soil refer to a kind of in chernozem, chestnut soil, cinnamon soil, black mature soil, sierozem, brown soil.
Described arbor refers to the Xinjiang poplar seedling of annual rascal type or the Xinjiang poplar seedling of white skin type.
Described shrub refers to Bai Ci or sea-buckthorn.
Described herbaceous plant is to refer to a kind of in camel wormwood artemisia, harmel, Herba Pegani harmalae.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
What 1, the present invention adopted is the tall careless three-dimensional reparation pattern of filling with, 3 class plants have different habitats, between them, can mutually produce wholesome effect, wherein shrub and herbaceous plant both can be undertaken weather-proof and effect water erosion at the initial stage of setting up of high forest, can in the process of growth of high forest, make again that Tree root system distributes more deeply, more even, and then the heavy metal secondary pollution that brings of the soil diffusion that prevents from being brought out by wind erosion, water erosion, diafiltration etc.Therefore, the fixedly reparation of the very applicable arid biogeographic zone heavy-metal contaminated soil of this three-dimensional reparation pattern.
2, in the careless three-dimensional reparation pattern of tall filling of the present invention, 3 class plants all have very strong fixedly repair ability to heavy metal Cu, Pb, in addition in arid biogeographic zone calcareous soil, the biological effectiveness of Cu, Pb is originally just low, therefore do not need the soil additives such as extra feeding lime, phosphate, organic matter, iron-bearing mineral to suppress the activity of heavy metal, thereby this three-dimensional reparation pattern is a kind of not only safety but also economic recovery technique.
3, the careless three-dimensional reparation pattern of tall filling of the present invention belongs to based technique for in-situ remediation, environmental perturbation is little, early investment is low, in addition selected arbor Xinjiang poplar has widely plantation and its have ecology and economic worth concurrently at NORTHWEST CHINA arid biogeographic zone simultaneously, thereby this three-dimensional reparation pattern is easily promoted in arid area, can be accepted by masses, in repairing polluted soil, can also bring income for peasant, be a kind of " reparation of production limit, limit " technology, can ensure the sustainability of contaminated soil reparation and utilization.
4, the present invention's safety, green, non-secondary pollution, easily accepted by the public, can be applicable to pollution of area source reparation, and can increase the soil organic matter, increase soil fertility and bring economic benefit.
Embodiment
The plant of heavy metal copper, lead pollution calcareous soil is restorative procedure fixedly, the method refers to that first on heavy metal copper, lead pollution calcareous soil, according to the density of 1.5 * 1.5 m, planting hole, being deeply not less than 0.8 m kind plants arbor, and by seed broadcasting or transplanting seedling intercropping shrub and herbaceous plant, build the tall careless three-dimensional reparation pattern of filling with; Then described arbor is cultivated according to a conventional method; Finally, when described Tree growth to 5 ~ 7 year according to by material object, it being carried out to intermediate cutting or clear felling.
Wherein: heavy metal copper, lead pollution calcareous soil refer to a kind of in chernozem, chestnut soil, cinnamon soil, black mature soil, sierozem, brown soil.
Arbor refers to the Xinjiang poplar seedling of annual rascal type or the Xinjiang poplar seedling of white skin type.
Shrub refers to Bai Ci or sea-buckthorn.
Herbaceous plant is to refer to a kind of in camel wormwood artemisia, harmel, Herba Pegani harmalae.
application example 1test site is positioned at (103 ° 53 ' 24 ' ' ~ 104 ° 24 ' 55 ' ' E of Baiyin District, Baiyin City, gansu Province, 36 ° 14 ' 38 ~ 36 ° 47 ' 29 ' ' N), this area is that the important Cu resource of take of China is master's cities with resource-based economies, is also one of old industrial bases of the state key construction fifties in last century.This district is located in innerland, continent, is the continental arid in middle temperate zone, half-desert climatic region, and soil is sierozem, and loess is its soil parent material.
In Resource Development Process, farmland around, mining area has generally been subject to the severe contamination of the heavy metals such as Cu, Pb, causes grain drop in production, and animal and human's body health has been formed to threat.Therefore, local farmers has changed the pattern of farming in this Regional Gravity And metallic pollution farmland, no longer plants the cereal crops such as wheat, corn, has replanted the bioenergy plants such as willow.Through development for many years, formed gradually the structure of plant community of " Xinjiang poplar-Bai Ci-harmel ".
The method that adopts stochastical sampling, has gathered respectively Xinjiang poplar, Bai Ci and harmel 3 Plants of on above-mentioned contaminated soil, growing, and every Plants all gathers its complete stool, has gathered respectively 5 strains.According to the age of tree by Xinjiang poplar be divided into 3 years, 5 years and 7 years three classes, gathered respectively.In the time of herborization, also simultaneously herborization root district and bare area soil are taken back processing and analysis that next step is carried out in laboratory together with plant.
(1) tallly fill with careless families of plant to the recovery of soil quality (referring to table 1):
The impact of the careless families of plant of the tall filling of table 1 on soil physico-chemical property
As can be seen from Table 1, the proportion that the careless three-dimensional reparation pattern of tall filling can improve heavy-metal contaminated soil powder (0.05 ~ 0.002 mm) and clay (< 0.002 mm), improves the soil texture.Compare with bare area soil, tall ratio of filling with careless families of plant root region soil powder and clay has improved respectively 17% and 36%.The careless families of plant of tall filling contribute to increase the content of organic matter of contaminated soil, and its content of organic matter has improved 38% than bare area soil.In addition, the careless families of plant of tall filling also contribute to improve soil fertility, improve soil nutrient, and the content of its total soil nitrogen and full phosphorus has improved 29% and 15% than bare area soil respectively.Visible, the careless three-dimensional reparation pattern of tall filling has very good effect to improving soil quality.
(2) the fixedly reparation (referring to table 2) of the careless families of plant of tall filling to Cu in soil:
The enrichment characteristics of different plants to Cu under table 2 field condition
In the careless families of plant of tall filling, different plants are as shown in table 2 to the enrichment characteristics of Cu in calcareous soil.Can see, in 3 Plants root region soils, the content difference of Cu is larger, and this reflects that under natural conditions, the distribution of heavy metal in soil exists heterogeneous.Arbor Xinjiang poplar, shrub are stung in vain and herbaceous plant harmel 3 Plants exist very big-difference to the absorption of Cu, and the content size order of its root and overground part Cu is that harmel > stings > Xinjiang poplar in vain.
In soil fixing reparation, the critical content of plant shoot Cu is 40 mg/kg, in this experiment, the content of 3 Plants overground part Cu is all much smaller than its critical value, they are all less than 1 to the concentration coefficient of Cu (BCF) and transfer ratio (TF) simultaneously, show that Qiao who is comprised of Xinjiang poplar, Bai Ci and harmel 3 Plants fills with the fixedly reparation that careless families of plant are conducive to Cu in calcareous soil.
(3) the fixedly reparation (referring to table 3) of the careless families of plant of tall filling to Pb in soil:
The enrichment characteristics of different plants to Pb under table 3 field condition
In the careless families of plant of tall filling, 3 Plants are as shown in table 3 to the enrichment characteristics of Pb in calcareous soil.In plant root region soil, the distribution of Pb is the same with Cu, also shows heterogeneous feature.The content size order of 3 Plants roots and overground part Pb is consistent with Cu, for harmel > stings > Xinjiang poplar in vain.According to the critical content (100 mg/kg) of plant shoot Pb in fixing reparation, in this experiment, the content of 3 Plants overground part Pb is all in critical content threshold range.In addition, Xinjiang poplar and Bai Ci are all less than 0.1 to the BCF of Pb, and the BCF of harmel is less than 1, and this shows that 3 Plants all have repelling property to Pb.Although white thorn is greater than 1 to the TF of Pb, in its body, the content of Pb is still in plant corpus within the scope of the normal contents of Pb.Therefore Qiao who, is comprised of Xinjiang poplar, Bai Ci and harmel 3 Plants fills with the fixedly reparation that careless families of plant are also conducive to Pb in calcareous soil.
(4) Qiao fills with the growth characteristics of willow in careless families of plant:
The growing state that the Xinjiang poplar of the different age of trees pollutes on calcareous soil at Cu, Pb is as shown in table 4.Can see, total increment is all to increase gradually along with the age of tree on the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and plant height.If according to the planting density of per hectare 4500 strains (seeding row spacing is 1.5 * 1.5 m), the total accumulation of Xinjiang poplar at 3 years, 5 years and 7 year age of stand can reach respectively 12.704,54.898 and 175.25 m
3/ hm
2.Mean annual precipitation shows as 5 year age of stand and slightly reduces in the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, but plant height has reached maximum when 5 year age of stand, shows that this stage is the stage of Xinjiang poplar radial growth fast development.For the Xinjiang poplar at 7 year age of stand, its radial growth starts to slow down, and cross growth is accelerated development, and willow starts rapid chap, and the average annual accumulation of willow in this stage will be significantly higher than 3 years and the willow at 5 year age of stand.
Tall process of growth of filling with Xinjiang poplar in careless families of plant on table 4 heavy metal pollution calcareous soil
Therefore, according to the different material objects of using, in the time of 5 ~ 7 years, can carry out intermediate cutting or clear felling to Xinjiang poplar, in restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal, bring income, can realize " reparation of production limit, limit " of contaminated soil, and ensure the sustainability of contaminated soil reparation and utilization.
application example 2test site is located at the Bioexperiment station (104 ° of 09 ' E, 35 ° of 56 ' N) of school district, Lanzhou University Yuzhong.For examination Cu, Pb, pollute the farmland that calcareous soil picks up from the In Dagou Basin wastewater irrigation of east, Baiyin City, the calcium carbonate content of two kinds of different pollution level soil (M and S) is respectively 69.68 and 81.03 g/kg.For trying annual Xinjiang poplar seedling purchased from Gansu gacdentree basis.
Before serike, to 7.5 kg, cross in the contaminated soil (with dry weight basis) of 10 mm aperture sieves and add 0.25 gN/kg(with NH
4nO
3form) and 0.10 gP/kg(with K
2hPO
4form) as base fertilizer, after mixing, packed in plastic basin (
h=26.5 cm,
d=22.5 cm); Then in April to each basin, plant 2 annual Xinjiang poplar seedling of the same size.Basin is placed in outdoor large Tanaka, with running water (heavy metal does not detect) supply soil moisture, makes it remain on 60% left and right of field capacity.Before October, willow was not fallen leaves, be divided into root, trunk and leaf 3 parts and collected, and taken back processing and the analysis that next step is carried out in laboratory.
(1) the enrichment characteristics of Xinjiang poplar to Cu:
Under condition of pot, Xinjiang poplar is as shown in table 5 to the enrichment characteristics of Cu in calcareous soil.Can see, in soil M and S, the content of Cu is close.On the soil of two kinds of different pollution levels, in the Different Organs of Xinjiang poplar, the content of Cu all shows as the order of root > leaf > trunk, and Different Organs is all less than 0.1 to the BCF of Cu.In addition, the ability that Cu shifts from Xinjiang poplar root to its overground part a little less than, on two kinds of soil, the TF of trunk is all less than 0.1, the TF of leaf is all less than 1.This shows, Xinjiang poplar has very strong rejection ability to the Cu in calcareous soil, and it is conducive to the fixedly reparation of Cu.
The enrichment characteristics of Xinjiang poplar to Cu under table 5 condition of pot
(2) the enrichment characteristics of Xinjiang poplar to Pb:
Under condition of pot, Xinjiang poplar is as shown in table 6 to the enrichment characteristics of Pb in calcareous soil.In soil M and S, the content difference of Pb is larger.On the soil of two kinds of different pollution levels, in the Different Organs of Xinjiang poplar, the size order of Pb content is all consistent with Cu, is root > leaf > trunk.In addition, Xinjiang poplar is also all very weak to the enrichment of Pb and transfer ability, and its Different Organs is all less than the TF of 0.1, Pb from Xinjiang poplar root to its overground part to the BCF of Pb and is also all less than 1 on two kinds of soil.
The enrichment characteristics of Xinjiang poplar to Pb under table 6 condition of pot
Can see, Xinjiang poplar all has very strong rejection ability to Cu and Pb, and it is conducive to the fixedly reparation of Cu in calcareous soil, Pb.At natural world, in plant corpus, the scope of Cu content is 5 ~ 20 mg/kg conventionally, and the scope of Pb content is 0.2 ~ 20 mg/kg.In this test in Xinjiang poplar trunk and leaf the content of Cu and Pb all in normal range (NR).Therefore, on pollution calcareous soil, plant Xinjiang poplar, its trunk and leaf can be used safely in bioenergy, and leaf also can be used for animal feed.Utilizing Xinjiang poplar to repair arid biogeographic zone Cu, Pb, to pollute calcareous soil be a kind of safe, green and can bring the recovery technique of economic benefit.
Claims (5)
1. the fixing restorative procedure of the plant of heavy metal copper, lead pollution calcareous soil, it is characterized in that: the method refers to that first on heavy metal copper, lead pollution calcareous soil, according to the density of 1.5 * 1.5 m, planting hole, being deeply not less than 0.8 m kind plants arbor, and intercropping shrub and herbaceous plant, build the tall careless three-dimensional reparation pattern of filling with; Then described arbor is cultivated according to a conventional method; Finally, when described Tree growth to 5 ~ 7 year according to by material object, it being carried out to intermediate cutting or clear felling.
2. the fixing restorative procedure of the plant of heavy metal copper as claimed in claim 1, lead pollution calcareous soil, is characterized in that: described heavy metal copper, lead pollution calcareous soil refer to a kind of in chernozem, chestnut soil, cinnamon soil, black mature soil, sierozem, brown soil.
3. the fixing restorative procedure of the plant of heavy metal copper as claimed in claim 1, lead pollution calcareous soil, is characterized in that: described arbor refers to the Xinjiang poplar seedling of annual rascal type or the Xinjiang poplar seedling of white skin type.
4. the fixing restorative procedure of the plant of heavy metal copper as claimed in claim 1, lead pollution calcareous soil, is characterized in that: described shrub refers to Bai Ci or sea-buckthorn.
5. the fixing restorative procedure of the plant of heavy metal copper as claimed in claim 1, lead pollution calcareous soil, is characterized in that: described herbaceous plant is to refer to a kind of in camel wormwood artemisia, harmel, Herba Pegani harmalae.
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| CN106216376A (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2016-12-14 | 兰州大学 | The method utilizing the Xinjiang poplar calcareous agricultural land soil of remediating heavy metal zinc pollution |
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| CN106694546A (en) * | 2017-02-07 | 2017-05-24 | 兰州大学 | Method for treating calcium farmland with heavy metal copper and lead combined contamination by utilizing elms |
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| CN110252802A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-09-20 | 云南大学 | A method of promoting phytoremediation heavy metal polluted soil in mine field |
| CN111715688A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-09-29 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Method for reducing diffusion of heavy metal pollution in soil around mine |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106238446A (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2016-12-21 | 河南化工职业学院 | The method utilizing herbaceous plant catch cropping restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal |
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| CN106269851A (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2017-01-04 | 兰州大学 | Utilize the method that Populus hopeiensis repairs arid biogeographic zone heavy metal cadmium soil |
| CN106694546A (en) * | 2017-02-07 | 2017-05-24 | 兰州大学 | Method for treating calcium farmland with heavy metal copper and lead combined contamination by utilizing elms |
| CN108555006A (en) * | 2018-01-10 | 2018-09-21 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of method that NTA cooperations shrub species repairs drought-hit area basic soil lead contamination |
| CN110252802A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-09-20 | 云南大学 | A method of promoting phytoremediation heavy metal polluted soil in mine field |
| CN111715688A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-09-29 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Method for reducing diffusion of heavy metal pollution in soil around mine |
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