CN105170622B - A kind of restorative procedure of acidity-heavy-metal contaminated soil - Google Patents
A kind of restorative procedure of acidity-heavy-metal contaminated soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN105170622B CN105170622B CN201510635592.9A CN201510635592A CN105170622B CN 105170622 B CN105170622 B CN 105170622B CN 201510635592 A CN201510635592 A CN 201510635592A CN 105170622 B CN105170622 B CN 105170622B
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of restorative procedures of acid heavy metal contaminated soil to be uniformly mixed, ageing by applying charcoal base manure into acid heavy metal contaminated soil；After ageing, it is put into vermiculture, castor-oil plant is then planted, integrally removes castor-oil plant after castor-oil plant fruit harvest；After castor-oil plant integrally removes, it is put into earthworm and is cultivated；After earthworm normally introduces soil, willow is planted, integrally removes willow after the regular period；Circulating repetition executes above-mentioned steps, until the content of heavy metal in soil reaches safety standard.The present invention has extremely apparent effect for the reparation of heavy metal in acid soil, and reparation period is short, and does not generate the secondary pollution to soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to contaminated soils to administer field, more particularly to a kind of restorative procedure of acidity-heavy-metal contaminated soil.
Background technology
Soil degradation refers to the process of that the mankind decline soil quality caused by the irrational utilization of soil and productivity.
Mainly there are erosive degradation, soil acidification, pollution degeneration, Fertility Degeneration and biology to degenerate.Currently, with population, environmental resource
Contradiction become increasingly conspicuous, soil degradation has become global significant problem, a weight of the soil acidification as soil degradation
Aspect is wanted, accelerates the raising of soil aciditiy, the leaching loss of soil macronutrient, the decline of soil fertility, serious shadow can be caused
Ring the growth of crop.
From the point of view of world wide, acid soil is mainly distributed on two major regions, when tropical and subtropical region, second is that warm
Band area.The acidification problem of Northern Europe and North America occurs mainly on podzolic soil, and the acid soil in China is mainly distributed on the Changjiang river
On the south vast subtropical and tropical zones and ground, the area such as Yunnan-Guizhou river be about 2.04 × 108hm2, it is concentrated mainly on Hunan, river
The pH value in west, Fujian, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, most of soil is less than 5.5, wherein being greatly less than 5.0, very
To being 4.5, and area is also expanding, and soil aciditiy is also increasing.Mainly in recent decades, China's industrial expansion, acid
A large amount of discharges of property gas, influence of the acidic fallout to environment are continuously increased, and cause the frequency of southern region of China acid deposition
Increase with intensity.South China yellow-red soil area has become the 3rd big Acid Rain Zone in addition to North America and Europe in the world at present.
When acid soil long-term cropping, due to soil slant acidity, the permeability of plasmalemma in plant can be destroyed, reduces agriculture
Absorption of the crop to elements such as microelements of calcium, magnesium, potassium, currently used method be acid soil is improved using lime, but
It can cause soil hardening using lime for a long time or largely, can also cause the dysequilibrium of the elements such as calcium in soil, magnesium, potassium and cause
The underproduction of crop.
In addition to this, with the high speed development of modern economy, the activity of the mankind causes the heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, zinc and chromium
It constantly discharges into environment, accumulates in the soil, and harm, the soil depended on for existence to people's point are generated to human body by food chain
Earth brings serious pollution.
Due to pollution, the trophic function of soil, purification function, pooling feature and organism support function losing,
There is an urgent need to repair and administer.Carry out contaminated soil generating process and regulation and control, the research of contaminated soil remediation and application in a deep going way, tightly
The tight direction for grasping contaminated soil remediation technological innovation, is directly related to the ecological safety in China.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is in view of the deficiencies of the prior art, soil can be improved comprehensively by providing one kind
Earth acidity soil property, enrichment repairing heavy metal in soil and the restorative procedure that can be increase soil fertility.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
A kind of restorative procedure of acidity-heavy-metal contaminated soil, includes the following steps：
1）Charcoal base manure is applied into the soil of acidity-heavy metal pollution, is uniformly mixed, is aged 60 ~ 70 days；
2）Wait for step 1）After the ageing of middle charcoal base manure, continuously plant the castor-oil plant in 1 ~ 2 period, with castor-oil plant fruit at
Ripe harvest home is a cycle, integrally removes castor-oil plant after each period castor-oil plant fruit harvest；
3）Wait for step 2）After middle castor-oil plant integrally removes, it is put into earthworm and is cultivated；
4）Wait for step 3）After middle earthworm normally introduces soil, 1 ~ 2 period willow is continuously planted, it will after each end cycle
Willow integrally removes, with 10 ~ 12 months for a cycle；
5）Circulating repetition executes step 1）~ step 4）, until the content of heavy metal in soil reaches safety standard.
Preferably, the charcoal base manure includes：Charcoal made of 60 ~ 70 parts by weight castor-oil plants or willow waste, 10 ~
The coal ash powder of 15 parts by weight, the plant ash of 4 ~ 6 parts by weight, the dolomite of 3 ~ 4 parts by weight, the urea of 25 ~ 30 parts by weight, 4 ~ 6 weights
The ardealite of the alkaline residue of amount part, the ammonium bicarbonate and 16 ~ 20 parts by weight of 6 ~ 8 parts by weight.
Preferably, the sowing amount of the charcoal base manure is 5 ~ 8kg/ mus, and the earthworm, which is launched to the dosage in soil, is
0.2~0.3kg/m2。
Preferably, the particle that grain size is 5 ~ 6mm is made with granulating disc in the charcoal base manure.
Preferably, the preparation process of the charcoal is：
1）Castor-oil plant or willow waste obtain organic product char through charing process, and organic product char is dried at 80 ~ 90 DEG C,
It crushes；
2）By step 1）The organic product char of gained is placed in 450 ~ 500 DEG C of pyrolysis in charcoal stove, is cooled to room temperature；
3）By step 2）The dilute hydrochloric acid of products therefrom mass fraction 10% and the dust technology of mass fraction 5% with volume ratio 1 ~
2.5：1 ~ 3h of pickling after 1 mixing, then rinsed to neutrality with deionized water, filtering is dried, cooled to room temperature at 85 DEG C,
It is ground up, sieved, pack is spare.
Preferably, the grain size of the charcoal is 2 ~ 3mm.
Preferably, it pours a water within every 3 ~ 5 days during the vermiculture, the water content of heavy-metal contaminated soil is made to be maintained at
40~55%。
Preferably, the method for the plantation castor-oil plant is planted for seedling, and the seedling plantation is：By 28 ~ 30cm seedling along vertical
Histogram is to 30 degree of surface layer 10 ~ 15cm depth plantations of placing into the soil are tilted, and spacing in the rows is 20 ~ 25cm, and line-spacing is 20 ~ 25cm.
Preferably, the seedling selects the H by 15% ~ 20%2O2It is full that water washing immersion 12h, seed are distilled after disinfecting
The castor-oil plant seedling that castor seeds that are full and not sinking grow up to.
Preferably, the willow selects the willow seedling plantation of 1.5 ~ 2m.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1. the soil property that can be not only effectively improved contaminated soil is repaired in the plantation of castor-oil plant, willow, reduce petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated dense
Degree, and can also play the role of realizing and beautify the environment, it is often more important that effectively avoiding pollutant is again introduced into food chain,
Reducing to greatest extent can caused secondary pollution in rehabilitating soil.Compared with other recovery techniques, have it is at low cost, to ring
Border influence is small, earth's surface can be made steady in a long-term, and while eliminating soil pollution, eliminates the air and water around contaminated soil
Pollutant in body is conducive to the advantages that improving its bio-diversity of improving the ecological environment.
2. charcoal base manure of the present invention contains certain alkaline components, having improves acid soil physical arrangement, increases soil
Earth fertility, the effect kept soil from packing together can effectively reduce acid soil to plant in serike or crop application early period
The influence of growth, while each heavy metal species in fixing soil can also be adsorbed, provide certain advantageous item for the growth of plant
Part.
3. in addition to this, in the technology of soil animal restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal, earthworm is because of its heavy metal accumulation amount
Greatly, the features such as growth cycle is short, extraction is simple, with obvious effects and as soil remediation great potential a technology, the present invention
The cultivation of earthworm introduces, and can improve plant rhizosphere soil environment, increases acid soil diversity, enhances acid soil fertility.
4. the present invention by administered soil castor-oil plant and willow waste obtained by charcoal pickling for a period of time after, lead to
Being embathed repeatedly to neutrality of deionized water is crossed, is then dried, charing substance is detached with the solution containing heavy metal, it can be with counterweight
Metal carries out recycling.
In short, the present invention is a kind of safe and environment-friendly, efficient, economic and practical acidity-heavy-metal contaminated soil reparation
Method does not bring secondary pollution, non-toxic, has reliable biological safety to soil crop and ecological environment.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to embodiment, content that the present invention is further explained.
Charcoal is with rice husk, stalk or the castor-oil plant harvested after plantation in the soil of heavy metal pollution and willow Litter
（Root, stem, leaf etc.）It is made for charcoal source, wherein pH is 8.28, and specific surface area is up to 4.5 ~ 750m2/ g, middle pore specific surface area be 6.5 ~
400m2/ g, pore volume are 0.0055 ~ 0.6500ml/g, and middle pore volume is 0.0035 ~ 0.5500ml/g.
Monoblock Experimental Area carries out sample prescription division, and length and width are 5 m, and it is the ridge of 0.8m that width is stayed between each sample prescription, each
5 sampled points are arranged according to diagonal line principle in sample prescription.It takes the soil of 0 ~ 25cm of experimental plot surface layer, shady and cool ventilation to dry, removes
Impurity.Measure soil pH 5.2, heavy metal Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg and As concentration be respectively 348.3,245.6,42.7,
213.5,24.2 and 136.9mg/kg.
According to national standard of soil environment quality GB15618-2008 it is found that in the case of soil pH≤5.5, agricultural land
Nonirrigated farmland heavy metal Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg and As secondary standard value are respectively 150,80,0.25,50,0.25 and 45mg/kg, because
This, there are more serious heavy metal pollutions for above-mentioned monoblock Experimental Area.
Embodiment 1
1）Charcoal base manure is applied into acidity-heavy metal pollution contaminated soil, is uniformly mixed, is aged 60 days；
2）Wait for step 1）After middle charcoal base manure ageing, the H by 20% is then selected2O2It disinfects and then distills
No. 5 castor seeds of annual logical castor of water washing immersion 12h, full seed and sinking grow up to the healthy seedling of 30cm along Vertical Square
It is planted to 30 degree of surface layer 10cm depth of placing into the soil are tilted, spacing in the rows 20cm, line-spacing 25cm.Late March, in experimental field
Continuously No. 5 castor-oil plants of annual logical castor in 1 period of plantation, using castor-oil plant fruit maturation harvest home as a cycle, each period
Castor-oil plant is integrally removed after castor-oil plant fruit harvest；
3）Wait for step 2）In lead to after No. 5 castor-oil plants of castor integrally remove, be put into vermiculture, earthworm dispensing to the dosage in soil
For 0.3kg/m2；
4）Wait for step 3）After middle earthworm normally introduces soil, the first tenday period of a month in three months select the white skin willow seedling of the healthy and strong 2m of health
Willow is planted, 2 period willows is continuously planted, pours a water within every 4 days, so that the water content of soil is maintained at 55%, to ensure willow
With earthworm normal growth, during planting plants, every 30 days, be sieved to soil, isolate it is therein at earthworm, by young earthworm and
Earthworm ovum stays in soil, collects and soil is mixed 0.5kg/m at after earthworm2It returns and spreads after urea, it is after each end cycle that willow is whole
Body removes, and is a cycle with 12 months；
According to step 1）~4）After the soil for repairing acidity-heavy metal pollution, the content for measuring heavy metal in soil reaches peace
Full standard.
Step 2）With step 4）No. 5 castor-oil plants of annual logical castor of middle removal and Bai Pi willows waste are passed through with rice husk, stalk
Charing process obtains organic product char, and organic product char crushes after being dried at 90 DEG C, is placed in 500 DEG C of heat of constant temperature in charcoal stove
Solution, the dilute hydrochloric acid of mass fraction 10% and 5% dust technology are with volume ratio 1：1 mixing after pickling 1h, then with deionized water rinse to
Neutrality, filtering, dries at 85 DEG C, after temperature cooled to room temperature, charcoal obtained is ground with mortar and crosses 2mm
Sieve, pack is spare, then by the charcoal of 70 parts by weight and the coal ash powder of 15 parts by weight, the plant ash of 6 parts by weight, 4 parts by weight
Dolomite, the urea of 26 parts by weight, the alkaline residue of 6 parts by weight, the ammonium bicarbonate of 8 parts by weight, 18 parts by weight ardealite be mixed into one
It rises and stirs evenly and obtain charcoal base manure, after the particle that grain size is 6mm is made of granulating disc for charcoal base manure, apply
8kg/ mus of charcoal base manure is to step 1）Soil in.
After the above method administers test block soil, heavy metal in soil content reaches soil safety standard,
As a result it shows：Be compared to native soil, soil pH rises to 7.1, heavy metal Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg and As concentration be respectively
89.2,56.4,0.18,38.2,0.21 and 28.7mg/kg, the concentration of Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg and As have dropped respectively in soil
74.39%, 77.03%, 99.58%, 82.11%, 99.13%, 79.04%.
Embodiment 2
1）Charcoal base manure is applied into the soil of acidity-heavy metal pollution, is uniformly mixed, is aged 60 days；
2）Wait for step 1）After middle charcoal base manure ageing, the H by 20% is then selected2O2It disinfects and then distills
Annual oily No. 5 castor seeds of castor of water washing immersion 12h, full seed and sinking grow up to the healthy seedling of 30cm along Vertical Square
It is planted to 30 degree of surface layer 10cm depth of placing into the soil are tilted, spacing in the rows 20cm, line-spacing 25cm.Late March, in experimental field
No. 5 castor-oil plants of annual oily castor in 1 period of continuous plantation, using castor-oil plant fruit maturation harvest home as a cycle, each period
Castor-oil plant is integrally removed after castor-oil plant fruit harvest；
3）Wait for step 2）After middle oil No. 5 castor-oil plants of castor integrally remove, it is put into vermiculture, earthworm is launched to the dosage in soil
For 0.3 kg/m2；
4）Wait for step 3）After middle earthworm normally introduces soil, the first tenday period of a month in three months select the white skin willow seedling of the healthy and strong 2m of health
Willow is planted, 2 period willows is continuously planted, pours a water within every 3 days, so that the water content of soil is maintained at 55%, to ensure willow
With earthworm normal growth, during planting plants, every 30 days, be sieved to soil, isolate it is therein at earthworm, by young earthworm and
Earthworm ovum stays in soil, collects and soil is mixed 0.5kg/m at after earthworm2It returns and spreads after urea, it is after each end cycle that willow is whole
Body removes, and is a cycle with 12 months；
According to step 1）~4）After the soil for repairing acidity-heavy metal pollution, the content for measuring heavy metal in soil reaches peace
Full standard.
Step 2）With step 4）Annual oily No. 5 castor-oil plants of castor of middle removal and Bai Pi willows waste are passed through with rice husk, stalk
Charing process obtains organic product char, and organic product char crushes after being dried at 90 DEG C, is placed in 500 DEG C of heat of constant temperature in charcoal stove
Solution, the dilute hydrochloric acid of mass fraction 10% and 5% dust technology are with volume ratio 2：1 mixing after pickling 3h, then with deionized water rinse to
Neutrality, filtering, dries at 85 DEG C, after temperature cooled to room temperature, charcoal obtained is ground with mortar and crosses 2mm
Sieve, pack is spare, then by the charcoal of 70 parts by weight and the coal ash powder of 12 parts by weight, the plant ash of 4 parts by weight, 3 parts by weight
Dolomite, the urea of 26 parts by weight, the alkaline residue of 6 parts by weight, the ammonium bicarbonate of 7 parts by weight, 17 parts by weight ardealite be mixed into one
It rises and stirs evenly and obtain charcoal base manure, after the particle that grain size is 5mm is made of granulating disc for charcoal base manure, apply
7kg/ mus of charcoal base manure is to step 1）Soil in.
After the above method administers test block soil, heavy metal in soil content reaches soil safety standard,
As a result it shows：Be compared to native soil, soil pH rises to 7.0, heavy metal Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg and As concentration be respectively
88.7,53.2,0.23,32.9,0.22 and 29.2mg/kg, the concentration of Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg and As have dropped respectively in soil
74.53%, 78.34%, 99.46%, 84.59%, 99.09%, 78.67%.
Embodiment 3
1）Charcoal base manure is applied into the soil of acidity-heavy metal pollution, is uniformly mixed, is aged 60 days；
2）Wait for step 1）After middle charcoal base manure ageing, the H by 20% is then selected2O2It disinfects and then distills
Annual oily No. 4 castor seeds of castor of water washing immersion 12h, full seed and sinking grow up to the healthy seedling of 30cm along Vertical Square
It is planted to 30 degree of surface layer 15cm depth of placing into the soil are tilted, spacing in the rows 25cm, line-spacing 25cm.Late March, in experimental field
No. 4 castor-oil plants of annual oily castor in 1 period of continuous plantation, using castor-oil plant fruit maturation harvest home as a cycle, each period
Castor-oil plant is integrally removed after castor-oil plant fruit harvest；
3）Wait for step 2）After middle oil No. 4 castor-oil plants of castor integrally remove, it is put into vermiculture, earthworm is launched to the dosage in soil
For 0.3 kg/m2；
4）Wait for step 3）After middle earthworm normally introduces soil, the first tenday period of a month in three months select the dry land willow willow seedling of the healthy and strong 2m of health
Willow is planted, 2 period willows is continuously planted, pours a water within every 3 ~ 5 days, so that the water content of soil is maintained at 55%, to ensure willow
Tree and earthworm normal growth during planting plants, every 30 days, are sieved to soil, isolate it is therein at earthworm, by young earthworm
It is stayed in soil with earthworm ovum, collects and soil is mixed into 0.5kg/m at after earthworm2It returns and spreads after urea, by willow after each end cycle
It is whole to remove, it was a cycle with 12 months；
According to step 1）~4）After the soil for repairing acidity-heavy metal pollution, the content for measuring heavy metal in soil reaches peace
Full standard.
Step 2）With step 4）Annual oily No. 4 castor-oil plants of castor of middle removal and dry land willow willow waste are passed through with rice husk, stalk
Charing process obtains organic product char, and organic product char crushes after being dried at 90 DEG C, is placed in 500 DEG C of heat of constant temperature in charcoal stove
Solution, the dilute hydrochloric acid of mass fraction 10% and 5% dust technology are with volume ratio 2.5：Pickling 2h after 1 mixing, then rinsed with deionized water
To neutrality, filtering is dried at 85 DEG C, and after temperature cooled to room temperature, charcoal obtained is ground and mistake with mortar
3mm is sieved, and pack is spare, then by the charcoal of 67 parts by weight and the coal ash powder of 13 parts by weight, the plant ash of 6 parts by weight, 3 weight
Part dolomite, the urea of 30 parts by weight, the alkaline residue of 6 parts by weight, the ammonium bicarbonate of 8 parts by weight, 16 parts by weight ardealite be mixed into
Together and acquisition charcoal base manure is stirred evenly, after the particle that grain size is 5mm is made of granulating disc for charcoal base manure, applied
6kg/ mus of charcoal base manure is to step 1）With step 3）Soil in.
After the above method administers test block soil, heavy metal in soil content reaches soil safety standard,
As a result it shows：Be compared to native soil, soil pH drops to 7.0, heavy metal Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg and As concentration be respectively
92.4,59.3,0.21,34.6,0.19 and 24.3mg/kg, the concentration of Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg and As have dropped respectively in soil
73.47%, 75.86%, 99.51%, 83.79%, 99.21%, 82.25%.
Embodiment 4
When above-mentioned Experimental Area soil contains certain rock or slightly hard soil property, following experimental method can be taken：
1）Charcoal base manure is applied into the soil of acidity-heavy metal pollution, is uniformly mixed, is aged 60 days；
2）Wait for step 1）After middle charcoal base manure ageing, the H by 20% is selected2O2Disinfect then distillation washing
It washs and impregnates 12h, the healthy seedling that No. 5 castor seeds of annual logical castor of full seed and sinking grow up to 30cm vertically inclines
Oblique 30 degree surface layer 15cm depth plantations of placing into the soil, spacing in the rows 25cm, line-spacing 25cm.It is slightly hard in rocky soil or soil property
In hard soil, seedling is vertically tilted to 30 degree of surface layers of placing into the soil can make seedling takes root more to stablize, root
Growth scope is more extensive, is conducive to growth of seedling.1 the annual of period is continuously planted in experimental field and is led to late March
No. 5 castor-oil plants of castor, weeding of irregularly watering, to ensure castor-oil plant normal growth, using castor-oil plant fruit maturation harvest home as a cycle,
Castor-oil plant is integrally removed after each period castor-oil plant fruit harvest；
3）Wait for step 2）In lead to after No. 5 castor-oil plants of castor integrally remove, be put into vermiculture, earthworm dispensing to the dosage in soil
For 0.2 kg/m2；
4）Wait for step 3）After middle earthworm normally introduces soil, the first tenday period of a month in three months select the white skin willow seedling of the healthy and strong 2m of health
Willow is planted, 2 period willows are continuously planted, white skin willow seedling trains its breeding before transplanting meticulously in helical form culture dish
It supports so that the spiral growth of white skin willow rhizome can ensure that Bai Piliu is in rocky soil or slightly hard in this way
The growth area for expanding rhizome in soil, is conducive to the growth of Bai Piliu and the reparation to heavy metal, pours a water within every 5 days, make
The water content of soil is maintained at 55%, to ensure willow and earthworm normal growth, during planting plants, every 30 days, to soil into
Row sieving, isolate it is therein young earthworm and earthworm ovum are stayed in soil at earthworm, collect and at after earthworm soil mixed into 0.5kg/m2Urine
Paving is returned after element, and willow is integrally removed after each end cycle, was a cycle with 12 months；
According to step 1）~4）After the soil for repairing acidity-heavy metal pollution, the content for measuring heavy metal in soil reaches peace
Full standard.
Step 2）With step 4）No. 5 castor-oil plants of annual logical castor of middle removal and Bai Pi willows waste are passed through with rice husk, stalk
Charing process obtains organic product char, and organic product char crushes after being dried at 90 DEG C, is placed in 500 DEG C of heat of constant temperature in charcoal stove
Solution, the dilute hydrochloric acid of mass fraction 10% and 5% dust technology are with volume ratio 2.5：Pickling 2h after 1 mixing, then rinsed with deionized water
To neutrality, filtering is dried at 85 DEG C, and after temperature cooled to room temperature, charcoal obtained is ground and mistake with mortar
3mm is sieved, and pack is spare, then by the charcoal of 70 parts by weight and the coal ash powder of 15 parts by weight, the plant ash of 6 parts by weight, 4 weight
Part dolomite, the urea of 30 parts by weight, the alkaline residue of 6 parts by weight, the ammonium bicarbonate of 6 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight ardealite be mixed into
Together and acquisition charcoal base manure is stirred evenly, after the particle that grain size is 5mm is made of granulating disc for charcoal base manure, applied
8kg/ mus of charcoal base manure is to step 1）With step 3）Soil in.
After the above method administers test block soil, heavy metal in soil content reaches soil safety standard,
As a result it shows：Be compared to native soil, soil pH rises to 7.1, heavy metal Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg and As concentration be respectively
93.6,58.7,0.22,35.7,0.21 and 23.8mg/kg, the concentration of Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg and As have dropped respectively in soil
73.13%, 76.09%, 99.48%, 83.28%, 99.13%, 82.62%.
From the reparation result of embodiment 1 ~ 4 it is found that restorative procedure using the present invention, first passes through alkaline charcoal base manure
Processing improves the physicochemical property of acidity-heavy-metal contaminated soil, can reduce the acidity of soil to a certain extent, then again
Cooperate with reparation that the heavy metals such as Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg and As in soil greatly reduce in 3 ~ 4 years by plant and earthworm
Content, further heavy metal pollution of soil is preferably repaired.
In order to protrude the innovative point of the present invention, enables those skilled in the art to fully understand the present invention, now enumerate this
Invention carries out effect explanation in experimental stage or using the comparative example of the prior art to itself and the embodiment of the present invention.
Comparative example 1
In the experimental plot of above-mentioned Experimental Area castor-oil plant is only planted after the processing of charcoal base manure：
1）Charcoal base manure is applied into the soil of acidity-heavy metal pollution, is uniformly mixed, is aged 60 days；
2）Wait for step 1）Castor-oil plant is planted after middle charcoal base manure ageing, selects the H by 20%2O2It disinfects then
No. 5 castor seeds of annual logical castor of distillation water washing immersion 12h, full seed and sinking grow up to the healthy seedling of 30cm along vertical
Histogram is planted to 30 degree of surface layer 10cm depth of placing into the soil are tilted, spacing in the rows 20cm, line-spacing 25cm.Irregularly watering weeding,
To ensure castor-oil plant normal growth.No. 5 castor-oil plants of annual logical castor in continuously 4 periods of plantation are planted in experimental field late March,
Castor-oil plant is integrally removed after each period castor-oil plant fruit harvest, to soil ph, heavy metal in soil after 4 periods
The levels of Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg and As are analyzed.
Castor-oil plant and willow waste obtain organic product char with rice husk, stalk through charing process, and organic product char is at 90 DEG C
It is crushed after lower drying, is placed in 500 DEG C of pyrolysis of constant temperature in charcoal stove, the dilute hydrochloric acid of mass fraction 10% and 5% dust technology are with body
Product ratio 2.5：Pickling 2h after 1 mixing, then rinsed to neutrality with deionized water, filtering dries at 85 DEG C, waits for temperature natural cooling
To room temperature, charcoal obtained is ground with mortar and cross 3mm sieve, pack it is spare, then by the charcoal of 70 parts by weight with
The alkali of the coal ash powder of 15 parts by weight, the plant ash of 5 parts by weight, the dolomite of 4 parts by weight, the urea of 28 parts by weight, 6 parts by weight
Slag, the ammonium bicarbonate of 7 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight ardealite it is admixed together and stir evenly obtain charcoal base manure, charcoal base
After the particle that grain size is 5mm is made of granulating disc for fertilizer, 5kg/ mus of charcoal base manure is applied to step 1）Soil in.
Comparative example 2
In the experimental plot of above-mentioned Experimental Area willow is only planted after the processing of charcoal base manure：
1）Charcoal base manure is applied into the soil of acidity-heavy metal pollution, is uniformly mixed, is aged 60 days；
2）The first tenday period of a month in three months select the white skin willow seedling of the healthy and strong 2m of health to plant willow, continuously plant 4 periods, each
Willow is integrally removed after end cycle, was a cycle with 12 months, to a huge sum of money in soil ph, soil after 4 periods
The levels for belonging to Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg and As are analyzed.
Castor-oil plant and willow waste obtain organic product char with rice husk, stalk through charing process, and organic product char is at 90 DEG C
It is crushed after lower drying, is placed in 500 DEG C of pyrolysis of constant temperature in charcoal stove, the dilute hydrochloric acid of mass fraction 10% and 5% dust technology are with body
Product ratio 2.5：Pickling 2h after 1 mixing, then rinsed to neutrality with deionized water, filtering dries at 85 DEG C, waits for temperature natural cooling
To room temperature, charcoal obtained is ground with mortar and cross 3mm sieve, pack it is spare, then by the charcoal of 66 parts by weight with
The alkali of the coal ash powder of 15 parts by weight, the plant ash of 6 parts by weight, the dolomite of 4 parts by weight, the urea of 30 parts by weight, 6 parts by weight
Slag, the ammonium bicarbonate of 6 parts by weight, 16 parts by weight ardealite it is admixed together and stir evenly obtain charcoal base manure, charcoal base
After the particle that grain size is 5mm is made of granulating disc for fertilizer, 7kg/ mus of charcoal base manure is applied to step 1）Soil in.
Comparative example 3
In the experimental plot of above-mentioned Experimental Area after the processing of charcoal base manure, annual oily No. 4 castor-oil plants of castor and Bai Pi are planted
Willow：
1）Charcoal base manure is applied into the soil of acidity-heavy metal pollution, is uniformly mixed, is aged 60 days；
2）Wait for step 1）Castor-oil plant is planted after middle charcoal base manure ageing, selects the H by 20%2O2It disinfects then
Annual oily No. 4 castor seeds of castor of distillation water washing immersion 12h, full seed and sinking grow up to the healthy seedling of 30cm along vertical
Histogram is planted to 30 degree of surface layer 10cm depth of placing into the soil are tilted, spacing in the rows 20cm, line-spacing 25cm.Irregularly watering weeding,
To ensure castor-oil plant normal growth.No. 4 castor-oil plants of annual oily castor in 2 periods of continuous plantation are planted in experimental field late March,
Castor-oil plant is integrally removed after each period castor-oil plant fruit harvest；
3）Wait for step 2）After middle oil No. 4 castor-oil plants of castor integrally remove, the first tenday period of a month in three months select the white skin willow of the healthy and strong 2m of health
Seedling plants willow, continuously plants 2 period willows, and 12 months are a cycle, after 2 end cycles integrally remove willow,
The levels of soil ph, heavy metal in soil Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg and As are analyzed.
Step 1）With step 3）Annual oily No. 4 castor-oil plants of castor of middle removal and Bai Pi willows waste are passed through with rice husk, stalk
Charing process obtains organic product char, and organic product char crushes after being dried at 90 DEG C, is placed in 500 DEG C of heat of constant temperature in charcoal stove
Solution, 10% dilute hydrochloric acid and 5% dust technology are with volume ratio 2.5：Pickling 3h after 1 mixing, then rinsed to neutrality, mistake with deionized water
Filter, is dried at 85 DEG C, after temperature cooled to room temperature, charcoal obtained is ground with mortar and crosses 2mm sieves, pack
It is spare, then by the grass of charcoal and the coal ash powder of 12 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight made of 70 parts by weight castor-oil plants or willow waste
The phosphorus of wood ash, the dolomite of 4 parts by weight, the urea of 25 parts by weight, the alkaline residue of 6 parts by weight, the ammonium bicarbonate of 8 parts by weight, 18 parts by weight
Gypsum is admixed together and stirs evenly acquisition charcoal base manure, and it is 5mm's that grain size, which is made, with granulating disc in charcoal base manure
After particle, 6kg/ mus of charcoal base manure is applied to step 1）With step 3）In the soil of heavy metal pollution.
Comparative example 4
After planting No. 5 castor-oil plants of annual logical castor in the experimental plot of above-mentioned Experimental Area, breeding earthworm and plantation dry land willow willow
Tree：
1|）Select the H by 20%2O2Disinfect then distillation water washing impregnate 12h, full seed and sink 1 year
The healthy seedling that raw logical No. 5 castor seeds of castor grow up to 30cm vertically tilts 30 degree of surface layer 15cm depth kinds of placing into the soil
It plants, spacing in the rows 25cm, line-spacing 25cm.No. 5 castors of annual logical castor in 2 periods are continuously planted in experimental field late March
Fiber crops integrally remove castor-oil plant after each period castor-oil plant fruit harvest using castor-oil plant fruit maturation harvest home as a cycle；
2）Wait for step 1）In lead to after No. 5 castor-oil plants of castor integrally remove, be put into vermiculture, earthworm dispensing to the dosage in soil
For 0.3 kg/m2,
3）Wait for step 2）After middle earthworm normally introduces soil, the first tenday period of a month in three months select the dry land willow willow seedling of the healthy and strong 2m of health
Willow is planted, a water is poured within every 5 days, the water content of soil is made to be maintained at 55%, to ensure willow and earthworm normal growth, plantation
During plant, every 30 days, be sieved to soil, isolate it is therein young earthworm and earthworm ovum are stayed in soil at earthworm, collect
Soil is mixed into 0.5kg/m at after earthworm2Paving is returned after urea, continuously plants 2 period willows, and 12 months are a cycle, 2 week
Phase terminates after integrally removing willow, to the levels of soil ph, heavy metal in soil Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg and As
It is analyzed.
Comparative example 5
Biological carbon base manure is applied in the experimental plot of above-mentioned Experimental Area, after having cultivated earthworm, only plants annual oily castor 4
Number castor-oil plant：
1）Charcoal base manure is applied into the soil of acidity-heavy metal pollution, is uniformly mixed, is aged 60 days；
2）Wait for step 1）After middle charcoal base manure ageing, it is put into vermiculture, earthworm is launched to the dosage in soil
For 0.2kg/m2；
3）Wait for step 2）After middle earthworm normally introduces soil, the H by 20% is selected2O2Disinfect then distillation water washing
The healthy seedling that annual oily No. 4 castor seeds of castor of immersion 12h, full seed and sinking grow up to 30cm vertically tilts
30 degree of surface layer 15cm depth plantations of placing into the soil, spacing in the rows 25cm, line-spacing 25cm.It is continuously planted in experimental field late March
No. 4 castor-oil plants of annual oily castor in 5 periods of kind, pour a water in every 5 days, the water content of soil are made to be maintained at 50%, to ensure oily castor
No. 4 castor-oil plants and earthworm normal growth during planting plants, every 30 days, are sieved to soil, isolate it is therein at earthworm,
Young earthworm and earthworm ovum are stayed in soil, collects and soil is mixed into 0.5kg/m at after earthworm2Paving is returned after urea, with castor-oil plant fruit maturation
Harvest home is a cycle, and 5 period castor-oil plant fruit harvests terminate after integrally removing castor-oil plant, to soil ph, soil
Middle heavy metal Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg and As levels analyzed.
Step 3）The annual oily No. 4 castor-oil plant wastes of castor removed obtain Organic carbon production with rice husk, stalk through charing process
Object, organic product char crush after being dried at 90 DEG C, are placed in 500 DEG C of pyrolysis of constant temperature, dilute salt of mass fraction 10% in charcoal stove
Acid and 5% dust technology with volume ratio 2.5：Pickling 2h after 1 mixing, then rinsed to neutrality, filtering, at 85 DEG C with deionized water
Charcoal obtained is ground with mortar and is crossed 3mm sieves by drying after temperature cooled to room temperature, and pack is spare, then will
The charcoal of 65 parts by weight and the coal ash powder of 15 parts by weight, the plant ash of 5 parts by weight, the dolomite of 4 parts by weight, 25 parts by weight
Urea, the alkaline residue of 5 parts by weight, the ammonium bicarbonate of 8 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight ardealite it is admixed together and stir evenly acquisition biology
Charcoal base manure, after the particle that grain size is 5mm is made of granulating disc for charcoal base manure, apply 6kg/ mu charcoal base manure to walk
Rapid 1）Soil in.
Comparative example 6
Biological carbon base manure is applied in the experimental plot of above-mentioned Experimental Area, after having cultivated earthworm, only plants dry land willow willow：
1）Charcoal base manure is applied into the soil of acidity-heavy metal pollution, is uniformly mixed, is aged 60 days；
2）Wait for step 1）After middle charcoal base manure ageing, it is put into vermiculture, earthworm is launched to the dosage in soil
For 0.2 kg/m2；
3）Wait for step 2）After middle earthworm normally introduces soil, the first tenday period of a month in three months select the dry land willow willow seedling of the healthy and strong 2m of health
Willow is planted, 4 period willows is continuously planted, pours a water within every 5 days, so that the water content of soil is maintained at 55%, to ensure willow
With earthworm normal growth, during planting plants, every 30 days, be sieved to soil, isolate it is therein at earthworm, by young earthworm and
Earthworm ovum stays in soil, collects and soil is mixed 0.5kg/m at after earthworm2Paving is returned after urea, to be within 12 months a cycle, 4
After end cycle integrally removes willow, the concentration of soil ph, heavy metal in soil Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg and As is contained
Amount is analyzed.
Step 3）The dry land willow willow waste of removal obtains organic product char, Organic carbon with rice husk, stalk through charing process
Product crushes after being dried at 90 DEG C, be placed in charcoal stove 500 DEG C of pyrolysis of constant temperature, the dilute hydrochloric acid of mass fraction 10% and 5%
Dust technology is with volume ratio 2.5：Pickling 2h after 1 mixing, then rinsed to neutrality with deionized water, filtering dries at 85 DEG C, waits for temperature
After spending cooled to room temperature, charcoal obtained is ground to mortar and is crossed 3mm sieves, pack is spare, then by 70 parts by weight
Charcoal and the coal ash powder of 15 parts by weight, the plant ash of 6 parts by weight, the dolomite of 4 parts by weight, the urea of 30 parts by weight, 6 weights
Amount the alkaline residue of part, the ammonium bicarbonate of 8 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight ardealite it is admixed together and stir evenly obtain charcoal base manure,
After the particle that grain size is 6mm is made of granulating disc for charcoal base manure, 5kg/ mus of charcoal base manure is applied to step 1）'s
In soil.
Soil remediation effect
According to national standard of soil environment quality GB15618-2008 it is found that in the case of soil pH≤5.5, agricultural land
Nonirrigated farmland heavy metal Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg and As secondary standard value are respectively 150,80,0.25,50,0.25 and 45mg/kg.It is right
The effect of the soil remediation method of 1 ~ 6 heavy metal pollution of the embodiment of the present invention 1 ~ 4 and comparative example is from soil pH value, heavy metal
Final content（mg/kg）Two aspects are evaluated and are examined, as shown in table 1.
Table 1
As can be seen from Table 1,1）Comparative example 1 ~ 4 and test block soil, a huge sum of money in soil after reparation in 3 ~ 4 years
The content of category substantially reduces, and in national standard of soil environment quality secondary standard value hereinafter, and for acid pollution soil
The acid-base property of earth, which also has, preferably to be repaired and improves.2）Comparative example 3 ~ 6 is compared with comparative example 1,2 it can be found that diversification reparation
Method mutually cooperates with reparation more preferable to the reparation of heavy metal and the more single restorative procedure effect of the improvement of soil.3）Comparative example 1 ~ 6
Compared with embodiment 1 ~ 4, pass through the application reparation containing certain organic principle charcoal base manure, Ke Yigai in embodiment 1 ~ 4
Kind soil physics structure, the effect for increasing soil fertility, the cultivation addition of earthworm can improve acid soil to a certain extent
Physicochemical property, can also absorb enriching heavy metal, the intersection plantation of plant to the reparation of heavy metal-polluted soil and to soil texture with
And the further improvement of property, the final soil property of soil are preferably repaired, the content of heavy metal in soil is greatly reduced,
It is more comprehensive to the reparation of heavy metal in soil, and it can be seen that lacking any of which restorative procedure pair in comparative example 1 ~ 6
The repairing effect of the heavy metal in soil of acid pollution all decreases, it is final administer after heavy metal in soil content still
So larger, the effect repaired within identical repair time is also in relatively slow.
The present invention is in the soil course for administering heavy metal pollution, the plantation of crops, the plantation period of plant and life
Object charcoal base manure need to be according to the different appropriate adaptations of soil property and soil region, to carry out more from the repair time of vermiculture
Good repairing and treating.
A kind of every claim that the restorative procedure of acidity-heavy-metal contaminated soil is addressed of the present invention and technical support
It has been defined that, any modification made by all technical support essence according to the present invention still falls within the technology of the present invention support with variation
In range.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of restorative procedure of acidity-heavy-metal contaminated soil, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
1）Charcoal base manure is applied into the soil of acidity-heavy metal pollution, is uniformly mixed, is aged 60 ~ 70 days；
2）Wait for step 1）After middle charcoal base manure ageing, the castor-oil plant in 1 ~ 2 period is continuously planted, is received with castor-oil plant fruit maturation
It is a cycle to obtain end, integrally removes castor-oil plant after each period castor-oil plant fruit harvest；
3）Wait for step 2）After middle castor-oil plant integrally removes, it is put into earthworm and is cultivated；
4）Wait for step 3）After middle earthworm normally introduces soil, 1 ~ 2 period willow is continuously planted, by willow after each end cycle
It is whole to remove, with 10 ~ 12 months for a cycle；
5）Circulating repetition executes step 1）~ step 4）, until the content of heavy metal in soil reaches safety standard,
The charcoal base manure includes：Charcoal, 10 ~ 15 parts by weight made of 60 ~ 70 parts by weight castor-oil plants or willow waste
Coal ash powder, the plant ash of 4 ~ 6 parts by weight, the dolomite of 3 ~ 4 parts by weight, the urea of 25 ~ 30 parts by weight, 4 ~ 6 parts by weight alkaline residue,
The ardealite of the ammonium bicarbonate of 6 ~ 8 parts by weight and 16 ~ 20 parts by weight,
The castor-oil plant is No. 4 No. 5 castor-oil plants of annual logical castor, annual oily No. 5 castor-oil plants of castor or annual oily castor castor-oil plants,
The willow is white skin willow or dry land willow willow.
2. a kind of restorative procedure of acidity-heavy-metal contaminated soil as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The charcoal
The sowing amount of base manure is 5 ~ 8kg/ mus, and it is 0.2 ~ 0.3kg/m that the earthworm, which is launched to the dosage in soil,2。
3. a kind of restorative procedure of acidity-heavy-metal contaminated soil as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The charcoal
The particle that grain size is 5 ~ 6mm is made of granulating disc for base manure.
4. a kind of restorative procedure of acidity-heavy-metal contaminated soil as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The charcoal
Preparation process be：
1）Castor-oil plant or willow waste obtain organic product char through charing process, and organic product char is dried at 80 ~ 90 DEG C, powder
It is broken；
2）By step 1）The organic product char of gained is placed in 450 ~ 500 DEG C of pyrolysis in charcoal stove, is cooled to room temperature；
3）By step 2）The dilute hydrochloric acid of products therefrom mass fraction 10% and the dust technology of mass fraction 5% are with volume ratio 1 ~ 2.5：
1 ~ 3h of pickling after 1 mixing, then rinsed to neutrality with deionized water, filtering is dried, cooled to room temperature at 85 DEG C, is ground
Sieving, pack are spare.
5. a kind of restorative procedure of acidity-heavy-metal contaminated soil as described in claim 1 or 4, it is characterised in that：The biology
The grain size of charcoal is 2 ~ 3mm.
6. a kind of restorative procedure of acidity-heavy-metal contaminated soil as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The earthworm is supported
A water is poured during growing within every 3 ~ 5 days, and the water content of heavy-metal contaminated soil is made to be maintained at 40 ~ 55%.
7. a kind of restorative procedure of acidity-heavy-metal contaminated soil as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The plantation castor
The method of fiber crops is planted for seedling, and the seedling plantation is：The seedling of 28 ~ 30cm is vertically tilted into 30 degree of tables of placing into the soil
Layer 10 ~ 15cm depth plantation, spacing in the rows are 20 ~ 25cm, and line-spacing is 20 ~ 25cm.
8. a kind of restorative procedure of acidity-heavy-metal contaminated soil as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that：The seedling choosing
With the H by 15% ~ 20%2O2Water washing is distilled after disinfecting impregnate 12h, full seed and the castor seeds that do not sink grow up to
Castor-oil plant seedling.
9. a kind of restorative procedure of acidity-heavy-metal contaminated soil as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The willow choosing
It is planted with the willow seedling of 1.5 ~ 2m.
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| CN106111687A (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2016-11-16 | 广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | The application in heavy-metal contaminated soil is improved of a kind of charcoal based composition and use thereof in packaging |
| CN106118664B (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2020-05-12 | 广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Preparation method and application of biochar-based composition |
| CN107241929A (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2017-10-13 | 沈阳尊龙生物技术有限公司 | A kind of method of the planting soil of utilization earthworm and wormcast improvement pollution |
| CN107413832A (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2017-12-01 | 佛山科学技术学院 | A kind of method using bamboo willow rehabilitating soil zinc cadmium pollution |
| CN109550773A (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-04-02 | 青岛冠中生态股份有限公司 | Animals and plants joint granule suitable for heavy-metal contaminated soil is sowed grass seeds by duster restorative procedure |
| CN113305145A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-08-27 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Reclamation soil reconstruction method for heap-leaching field and application |
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