CN106694546A - Method for treating calcium farmland with heavy metal copper and lead combined contamination by utilizing elms - Google Patents
Method for treating calcium farmland with heavy metal copper and lead combined contamination by utilizing elms Download PDFInfo
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- CN106694546A CN106694546A CN201710067099.0A CN201710067099A CN106694546A CN 106694546 A CN106694546 A CN 106694546A CN 201710067099 A CN201710067099 A CN 201710067099A CN 106694546 A CN106694546 A CN 106694546A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for treating a calcium farmland with heavy metal copper and lead combined contamination by utilizing elms. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, performing sealing treatment on the calcium farmland with heavy metal copper and lead combined contamination; then, planting elm seedlings on contaminated soil according to a row spacing of 1.5*2m, and performing daily management according to the conventional method so as to construct an elm plantation treatment system; and finally, replacing the elm plantation according to the commercial forest aim. The method disclosed by the invention can bring economic benefits and has important ecological and environmental functions, so the method contributes to treating the calcium farmland with the heavy metal copper and lead combined contamination.
Description
Technical field
Processing method the present invention relates to be based on the heavy-metal composite pollution farmland of risk control, more particularly to a kind of utilization
Elm treatment heavy metal copper, the method in the calcareous farmland of lead combined pollution.
Background technology
According to《National Soil Pollution Investigation publication》（2014）It has been shown that, the total exceeding standard rate of China's soil is 16.1%, dirty
Dye type mainly includes 8 heavy metal species/metalloid element, copper based on inorganic type（Cu）And lead（Pb）It is wherein exceeding standard rate phase
To 2 kinds of elements higher, its point position exceeding standard rate is respectively 2.1% and 1.5%.For arable land, its point position exceeding standard rate is 19.4%,
Pollution is based on inorganic type.From the point of view of the reality of soil pollution, pollution type is more based on combined pollution, many of heavy
The combined pollution of metallic element is most commonly seen contamination.Compared to Single Pollution, exist between element under combined pollution
Reciprocation, it can influence environmental behaviour of the element in soil-plant system.
Calcareous soil area accounts for the 41% of the Global land gross area, supports account for the whole world thereon>38% population.Based on calcium
The climate characteristic of matter soil area drought and saline Land, desertification, the aggravation of desertification, calcareous soil area it is limited can
Till the land and once polluted by heavy metal, it will bring extremely serious consequence.First, continue to be ploughed on contaminatedground
Kind, the cereal product that it is produced will bring potential human health risk.Secondly, to seek the soil for more cleaning, greatly
The forest of area will be cut down, and it can not only destroy extremely fragile dry ecological environment, cause the drop of bio-diversity
Low and soil erosion aggravation, can discharge more greenhouse gases, the trend of increase from global warming again.Further, not getting dirty
Rural activity on dye soil will aggravate, and to seek yield higher, will put into more chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals, and in them
The heavy metal byproduct for containing will be transfused to soil, and greater area of land pollution can be caused in turn.
Plant treatment is exactly by the regulation and control to soil-plant system and then controls heavy metal element stream in the environment
Dynamic property and biological effectiveness, and finally build up the polluted soil system for handling based on risk control.Heavy metal combined pollution
For farmland, carry out reparation using plant and be presently the most one of effective means, but because heavy metal super-enriched plant is logical
Often only there is the ability of super enrichment to a certain metal, the species of the super enriching plant that arid area finds is still less in addition,
It is the treatment more effective means in the calcareous farmland of heavy-metal composite pollution thus to fix recovery technique using plant.
It is the precipitation by the absorption and enrichment, the absorption of root table or root area of root system that plant fixes the essence repaired
Heavy metal is fixed in soil.Used as a kind of important repair mechanism in phytoremediation technology, plant fixes reparation can be had
Effect reduces the heavy metal transformation risk that the soil diffusion zone of the effect induction such as wind erosion, water erosion and leaching comes.Compared to traditional
Physics, chemical remediation technology such as soil moved in improve the original, landfill and drip washing for, plant fix repair have it is economical, environment-friendly, will not destroy
Soil property, it is to repair at present and a treatment soil pollution of area source especially huge sum of money the features such as can recover and improve soil quality
The effective means in category combined pollution farmland.Elm has flourishing root system, drought-resistant barren, especially part seeds happiness calcium, thus
Elm is advantageous to process the calcareous farmland of heavy-metal composite pollution.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a kind of simple, easy to implement utilization elm treatment heavy metal
Copper, the method in the calcareous farmland of lead combined pollution.
It is of the present invention a kind of using elm treatment heavy metal copper, the calcareous agriculture of lead combined pollution to solve the above problems
The method in field, it is characterised in that：The method refers to that heavy metal copper, the calcareous farmland of lead combined pollution carry out Seal treatment first；
Then the seeding row spacing according to 1.5 × 2 m on contaminated soil plants elm seedling, and conventionally carries out daily management,
Build elm artificial forest system for handling；Finally, elm artificial forest is substituted according to Timber stands purpose.
The elm is the one kind in big fruit elm, family elm or Japanese elm.
The calcareous farmland refers to that loess is its soil parent material, and salt content is not higher than 0.5%.
The present invention has advantages below compared with prior art：
1st, the elm selected by the present invention is the important indigenous tree of China, and in China, the South and the North has widely distributed, and it has
Flourishing root system, it is drought-resistant barren, calcium is especially liked, thus be the first-selected seeds in China's calcareous soil area ecological construction.
2nd, the elm artificial forest system for handling that the present invention is set up, on the one hand it can effectively reduce wind by vegetative coverage
The heavy metal transformation risk that the contaminated soil diffusion zone that erosion, water erosion effect induce comes；On the other hand can be precipitated by root area and made
It is fixed in soil with by Cu and Pb, has reached the combined pollution farmland processing intent based on risk control.
3rd, the elm artificial forest system for handling that the present invention is set up has high edge effect, on the one hand due to Cu and Pb
Content in elm overground part especially timber is extremely low, in addition the hard weight of elm timber, and toughness is strong, and wear-resistant, anti-corruption, decorative pattern is beautiful
It is beautiful, the material such as vehicle, farm implements is available for, therefore with important economic worth；On the other hand it is ecological in global warming and arid biogeographic zone
Under the extremely fragile background of environment, elm artificial forest system also have concurrently beautify the environment, prevent erosion and biological sequestration life
State environmental functional.
4th, the inventive method is simple, easy to implement.
Specific embodiment
A kind of utilization elm treatment heavy metal copper, the method in the calcareous farmland of lead combined pollution, the method refer to counterweight first
Metallic copper, the calcareous farmland of lead combined pollution carry out Seal treatment；Then the seeding row spacing according to 1.5 × 2 m on contaminated soil is planted
Elm seedling is planted, and conventionally carries out daily management, while strengthen the collection and disposal to Litter-fall, so as to build elm
Tree woods system for handling；Finally, elm artificial forest is substituted according to Timber stands purpose.
Wherein：Elm is the one kind in big fruit elm, family elm or Japanese elm.
Calcareous farmland refers to that loess is its soil parent material, and salt content is not higher than 0.5%.
The east that the test site of application example 1 is located at industrial and mineral city Baiyin City, gansu Province of the China based on Cu smeltings is big
Watershed.Eastern major groove comes from Baiyin's Deep Copper Mine of the km of silver urban district northwest about 13, and silver urban district is passed through from north orientation south
East side simultaneously finally imports the Yellow River, the km of total length about 38.The affiliated deep mining industry of silver Nonferrous Metals Group joint-stock company is mainly summarized on the way
The large, medium and small enterprises of more than 20 families such as company, the 3rd smeltery, Northwest Lead Zinc smeltery, copper smelting plant and silver-colored photochemistry industrial group
The industrial wastewater of industry, and urban district eastern city sanitary sewage.Since the 60's of eighties of last century, based on local drought
Weather conditions, the sewage that the farmland along eastern major groove is generally employed in tidal channel irrigated, and dirt fills history and is up to 40
Year, the beginning of this century just stops dirty filling.According to estimates, the farmland area of heavy-metal composite pollution is received along eastern major groove up to 1330 hectares,
Wherein Cu/Pb combined pollutions are main pollution types.
Test plot belongs to heavy metal pollution farmland and turns elm artificial forest, and elm kind is big fruit elm, and planting density is 1.5
×2 m.Current sample ground does not carry out man-made irrigation, belongs to rain and supports type elm artificial forest.Using the method for stochastical sampling, and according to
Elm is divided into 11 years, 16 years and 23 years three classes and is sampled by the age of tree.
Soil is divided into rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils according to apart from trunk distance, and wherein rhizosphere soil is in distance using earth boring auger
Gathered at optional 3 in the m radiuses of trunk 1, non-rhizosphere soils are gathered on slash using earth boring auger, gather 0 ~ 20 cm's
Soil.Plant sample is divided into trunk xylem, bark, branch and the part of leaf 4, using the tree at the arboreal growth cone collection diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground
It is dry, it is classified as trunk xylem and bark；The branch of different height is gathered using averruncator, as a mixing after mixing
Sample；The leaf apart from trunk near-end, middle-end and distal end is gathered respectively using averruncator, as an aggregate sample after mixing.Rhizosphere
3, the elm that soil and plant sample randomly choose the identical age of tree is sampled, and it is empty that non-rhizosphere soils also randomly choose woodland at 3
Sampled.Pedotheque air-dried 2 mm sieve after it is standby, plant sample drying after crush standby.
(1) influence of the elm artificial forest system to agricultural land soil physicochemical property（Referring to table 1）：
It is very strong from table 1 it follows that the change of soil pH is not notable, the reason for this is possible to be that calcareous soil possesses in itself
Buffer capacity to acid and alkali.Conductance（EC）What is reflected is the height of salt content in soil, the too high growth that can suppress plant of its value.Than
The EC of larger fruit elm rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils, it is found that big fruit elm can effectively reduce the salinity in its root region soil, 11 years, 16
EC have dropped 24.45%, 28.85% and 19.51% respectively in year and 23 years raw big its rhizosphere soils of fruit elm.
The soil physico-chemical property of the elm artificial forest system of table 1
Dissolved organic carbon（DOC）With the soil organism（SOM）Two kinds of trend completely contradicted are showed with the change of the age of tree.Tool
From the point of view of body, big fruit elm can significantly improve the content of DOC in its rhizosphere soil, wherein raw increase in 11 years is most notable, it is compared
12.13% is improve in non-rhizosphere soils.SOM is slightly above compareed in 23 years raw rhizosphere soils, but 11 and 16 years raw rhizospheres
SOM is less than control on the contrary in soil, and 12.41% and 14.70% is have dropped respectively.This phenomenon may be with the growth cycle of elm
There is close relationship, be that elm grows more vigorous period during 11 ~ 16 years, its demand to soil nutrient is higher, is based on
Research area's dead soil, elm can be by decomposing the intrinsic SOM of soil, and then the nutrition such as N, P needed for discharging plant growth
Element, the carbon part being decomposed is stored in the middle of soil in the form of DOC.Because DOC has stronger mobility, while also
Metal-DOC complex compounds can be formed with heavy metal, and then mobility and biology of the heavy metal in calcareous soil may be improved
Validity.
Calcium carbonate can Adsorption of Heavy Metals and can formed carbonate precipitation, reduce heavy metal in calcareous soil
Mobility, and then limit the absorption of plant.However, with the increase of the age of tree, big fruit elm can be significantly reduced in rhizosphere soil
CaCO3Content, CaCO in 11 years, 16 years and 23 years raw elm its rhizosphere soil3Content distinguish compared with non-rhizosphere soils
Have dropped 12.38%, 22.12% and 26.19%, itself so that induce heavy metal be discharged into the soil liquid from solid phase of soil again, can
Can promote migration and the plant absorption of heavy metal.
(2) enrichment characteristics of the different age of tree elms to Cu, Pb（Referring to table 2）：
The assigned characteristics of Cu, Pb in big each organ of fruit elm in the elm artificial forest system of table 2
From Table 2, it can be seen that Cu shows as bark in the distribution of big fruit elm Different Organs between 3 age of trees>Leaf>
Branch>The order of trunk xylem.Distribution of the Pb in 11 years raw big fruit elm Different Organs is consistent with Cu, and 16 years and 23
What year gave birth to then shows as leaf>Bark>Branch>The order of trunk xylem.All in all, Cu and Pb in elm timber
Content it is extremely low, this causes that elm can also keep the safety in production timber while Cu/Pb combined contamination soils are repaired, and greatly improves
The marginal benefit of elm artificial forest system for handling.
Big fruit Elm in perennial deciduous tree, although the content of Cu and Pb shows as gradually with age of tree increase in leaf
Downward trend, but the Cu and Pb on the whole in leaf still maintain of a relatively high level, and this is probably SOM with the age of tree
Increase the fixation and CaCO of heavy metal3Caused by the result of the mutual game of release action for reducing heavy metal with the age of tree.
In addition, as the heavy metal that withers and falls of leaf can be discharged in elm body, this is probably a kind of self detoxication mechanisms of elm.But,
Leaf after withering and falling can again by heavy metal release to topsoil after being decomposed, and this can induce potential ecological environment peace on the contrary
Full blast danger, thus should strengthen the collection and treatment to Litter-fall using elm treatment Cu/Pb combined contamination soils.
(3) fixed repair mechanism of the different age of tree elms to Cu, Pb in soil（Referring to table 3）：
From table 3 it is observed that the content of Cu and Pb is gradually increased with the age of tree in big fruit elm rhizosphere soil.It is specific next
See, compared with non-rhizosphere soils, the total amount of Cu increased respectively in 11 years, 16 years and 23 years raw big fruit elm rhizosphere soils
14.50%th, 29.25% and the content of 44.03%, Pb increased 9.04%, 38.00% and 236.59% respectively.In addition, with reference to the He of table 2
Table 3, it can be seen that concentration coefficient of 11 years, the 16 years and 23 years raw big fruit leaf of elm tree to Cu（BCF）Respectively 0.14,0.11
With 0.085, the BCF to Pb is respectively 0.11,0.075 and 0.032.It can be seen that, BCF values are much smaller than 1, and it is big to show that plant is fixed
Fruit elm repairs the main mechanism of the calcareous agricultural land soil of Cu/Pb combined pollutions, and its specific repair mechanisms is precipitated come complete by root area
Into.
Fixation of the elm artificial forest system of table 3 to Cu, Pb in soil
In addition, as the increase of the age of tree, big fruit elm are more notable to the root area Sunk-fund effect of Cu and Pb, big fruit elm is set up in addition
Vegetative coverage system and elm root system are used to process Cu/Pb combined pollutions to the fixation of soil, elm artificial forest system
Calcareous farmland can effectively prevent the heavy metal transformation risk that the soil diffusion zone caused by wind erosion, water erosion effect comes.
The test site of application example 2 is with application example 1.After autumn elm fallen leaves, checked and accepted in trunk 1m radiuses more
Collection leaf, as an aggregate sample after being well mixed.Optional 3 of the big fruit elm of all age of trees is sampled.Litter-fall is taken back
It is standby after the dries pulverizing of laboratory.
In the elm artificial forest system of table 4 content of Litter-fall Cu, Pb with the age of tree change
As can be seen from Table 4, Litter-fall（Dead leaf）The content of middle Cu and Pb shows becoming of gradually reducing with age of tree increase
Gesture, but it is not notable to reduce amplitude.Conversely, be can see with reference to table 2 and table 4, raw big fruit elm withers within 11 years, 16 years and 23 years
The content of Cu is respectively 2.63,2.77 and 3.12 times in growth period leaf in junk, and the content of Pb is respectively 4.21,4.63 and
4.37 times.The increased phenomenon of content of beary metal is a kind of important bioconcentration effect after this leaf withers and falls, its may with it is many
Year, raw deciduous tree had close relationship to nutrient element before the leaf fall period to the return of trunk.The net result of return is caused
The relative enrichment of the heavy metal element of poisonous and harmful effect, and then take heavy metal out of plant by way of leaf withers and falls,
Reach the effect of attenuation.The release again of Cu and Pb can be caused after Decomposition of leaf litter, but the usual evaporation capacity in calcareous soil area is long-range
In precipitation, therefore the risk of heavy metal diafiltration is smaller.If the collection and treatment to Litter-fall can be strengthened, elm is greatly improved
The fixed ability repaired of tree.
In general, big fruit elm is to realize consolidating the calcareous agricultural land soil of Cu/Pb combined pollutions by root area precipitation
Periodical repair is answered.SOM and the game of carbonate cause that especially the content of Cu and Pb is remained big fruit elm overground part in leaf in soil
In an of a relatively high level.But based on the climate characteristic of calcareous soil area drought, with reference to artificial measures, such as to repairing
Farmland carries out the collection of Seal treatment and reinforcement to Litter-fall, then can effectively improve the elm treatment calcareous agriculture of Cu/Pb combined pollutions
The ability in field.In addition the content of Cu and Pb is extremely low in elm timber, and this causes that elm processes contaminated calcareous farmland and can change
Kind ecological environment, and certain economic benefit can be obtained.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of utilization elm processes heavy metal copper, the method in the calcareous farmland of lead combined pollution, it is characterised in that：The method refers to
Heavy metal copper, the calcareous farmland of lead combined pollution carry out Seal treatment first；Then according to 1.5 × 2 m's on contaminated soil
Seeding row spacing plants elm seedling, and conventionally carries out daily management, builds elm artificial forest system for handling；Finally, root
Elm artificial forest is substituted according to Timber stands purpose.
2. a kind of utilization elm as claimed in claim 1 processes heavy metal copper, the method in the calcareous farmland of lead combined pollution, and it is special
Levy and be：The elm is the one kind in big fruit elm, family elm or Japanese elm.
3. a kind of utilization elm as claimed in claim 1 processes heavy metal copper, the method in the calcareous farmland of lead combined pollution, and it is special
Levy and be：The calcareous farmland refers to that loess is its soil parent material, and salt content is not higher than 0.5%.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108256624A (en) * | 2018-01-10 | 2018-07-06 | 河南工程学院 | A kind of root branch prediction method influenced based on group interaction environment |
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| CN104126405A (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2014-11-05 | 兰州大学 | Method for remedying calcicolous soil polluted by heavy metals of copper and lead through phytostabilization |
| CN105961120A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-09-28 | 北京林业大学 | Mine ecological remediation and slope vegetation fast restoring method suitable for arid region |
| CN106001090A (en) * | 2016-06-18 | 2016-10-12 | 毛强平 | Adsorption-biological combined remediation method for heavy metal contaminated soil of mine |
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- 2017-02-07 CN CN201710067099.0A patent/CN106694546A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102972197A (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2013-03-20 | 北京北林绿源生态技术研究院有限责任公司 | Vegetation recovery method for nonferrous metal mining wasteland |
| CN104126405A (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2014-11-05 | 兰州大学 | Method for remedying calcicolous soil polluted by heavy metals of copper and lead through phytostabilization |
| CN105961120A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-09-28 | 北京林业大学 | Mine ecological remediation and slope vegetation fast restoring method suitable for arid region |
| CN106001090A (en) * | 2016-06-18 | 2016-10-12 | 毛强平 | Adsorption-biological combined remediation method for heavy metal contaminated soil of mine |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108256624A (en) * | 2018-01-10 | 2018-07-06 | 河南工程学院 | A kind of root branch prediction method influenced based on group interaction environment |
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