CN105961120A - Mine ecological remediation and slope vegetation fast restoring method suitable for arid region - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for quickly restoring vegetation on slopes suitable for ecological restoration of mines in arid areas, including slope protection methods, setting water collection devices, soil improvement, and vegetation configuration; The slope is cut stepwise to stabilize the slope. An ecological intercepting ditch is set inside each level of the platform, and grit chambers and sump pits are set up at regular intervals on the steps; The other end of the water collection device is equipped with a controllable drainage outlet, which is connected to the slope irrigation system to collect and make full use of slope runoff, provide irrigation water in dry seasons, and prevent slope erosion to reduce soil erosion. Both the platform and the slope are covered with soil, and the planting hole is excavated on each level of the platform, and the method of ecological bag + ecological blanket is adopted on each level of slope, and the soil conditioner is mixed with foreign soil, and filled in the planting hole, ecological bag and ecological blanket. blanket to provide good water and fertilizer conditions for plant growth; choose suitable trees, shrubs and grasses for vegetation configuration. Improve the site conditions of the slope more comprehensively, so that the vegetation of the slope can be quickly restored to the state of natural ecology.

Description

A rapid vegetation restoration method suitable for ecological restoration of mine slopes in arid areas

technical field

The invention relates to an ecological restoration technology, in particular to a rapid vegetation restoration method suitable for ecological restoration of mine slopes in arid areas.

Background technique

With mining, especially open-pit mining, a large amount of land resources are occupied and destroyed, which seriously affects the health of the regional ecological environment. A large number of abandoned slopes are generated in mine pits, dumps, and tailings ponds. The slopes are unstable, the surface is exposed, and the vegetation is lacking. Causing serious geological disasters such as subsidence, collapse, landslide, environmental pollution such as air, water, soil, and other environmental problems such as soil erosion and biodiversity degradation, leading to the imbalance of the mining area ecosystem and seriously restricting the sustainable development of regional ecological society and economy .

Aiming at the ecological problems of mine slopes in arid areas, various studies have been carried out at home and abroad, mainly focusing on slope protection, vegetation greening, soil matrix improvement, soil heavy metal pollution, etc., and proposed slope stability devices, planting devices, rain collection devices, etc. invention patents. Traditional slope restoration mainly includes slope consolidation measures such as slope cutting and opening, anti-slide piles, retaining walls, and mortar rubble skeletons. With the popularization of ecological concepts and the development of restoration technologies, mine ecological restoration technologies have developed rapidly. Including concrete frame, prestressed anchor cable frame, hollow brick and other slope protection technologies, as well as slope vegetation restoration technologies such as ecological vegetation blanket, ecological grouting, guest soil spraying, and geocell. The Chinese patent with the publication number CN103875481A discloses a repairing component and repairing method for a mine slope, which has a good effect on mine slopes with complex terrain through a mesh frame and a repair package containing seeds, substrates, and base fertilizers; The Chinese patent No. CN103650968A discloses a slope planting device, including conservation blue and basic bag, which has a good ecological restoration effect on the bare ground in arid and semi-arid areas; the Chinese patent publication No. CN103299740A discloses a The treatment method for vegetation restoration of abandoned mine land, which can improve soil acidity and alkalinity and control heavy metal pollution by improving suspension and soil spraying, can improve soil acidity and alkalinity, and control heavy metal pollution; the Chinese patent with publication number CN103461070A discloses a slope land rain collection in arid planting areas Drought-resistant methods and structures, vertical ridges and horizontal rain-collecting ditches are set up to solve the problem of irrigation water shortage in arid mountainous areas.

The current patents and research results are complex and diverse, aiming at some problems of ecological restoration of mine slopes in arid areas, but the purpose is too single, the restoration effect is not comprehensive, and there are problems such as poor ecology, low restoration rate, and short-term effect, which cannot be fundamentally solved Ecological problems of mine slopes in arid regions.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for quickly restoring vegetation on slopes that integrates slope protection, water collection devices, soil improvement and vegetation configuration and is suitable for ecological restoration of mines in arid areas.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

The method for quickly restoring vegetation on slopes suitable for ecological restoration of mines in arid areas of the present invention includes the following four parts: slope protection methods, setting water collection devices, performing soil improvement, and performing vegetation configuration;

The slope protection methods described include:

For slopes with a slope greater than 35° and a slope length greater than 10m, carry out stepped slope cutting. The slope surface and the platform are covered with 20-30cm of soil, each level of slope is 8-10m long, and 6-10 layers of ecological Ecological blankets are laid on the top, and the width of each step platform is 2-3 meters. Planting holes are excavated on the platform, and a water interception ditch is set up on the inner side of the platform near the foot of the slope;

The set water collection device includes:

Excavate sedimentation tanks and sumps every 20-30m along the intercepting ditch, and install water collecting devices, which include water collecting bags, connection ports, filter screens, water inlet pipes, butterfly single Directional valves, water inlets, controllable drains, and drain pipes;

Said carrying out soil improvement includes:

Prepare a soil improver, mix it with foreign soil and use it as improved planting soil, fill it in planting holes, ecological bags and ecological blankets, and use it for slope restoration;

The vegetation configuration includes:

The plant seeds added to the ecological bags and ecological blankets laid on the slopes of each level are selected as shrubs and grasses, and the mixed trees and shrubs are planted in the planting holes on the step platform of each level, and the mixed grass seeds are sowed under the forest.

It can be seen from the above-mentioned technical solutions provided by the present invention that the method for quickly restoring vegetation on slopes suitable for ecological restoration of mines in arid areas provided by the embodiments of the present invention is comprehensively carried out from the four aspects of slope structure, soil improvement, rainwater utilization, and vegetation configuration. Slope restoration comprehensively improves the three-dimensional conditions of the slope, restores the structural stability of the slope and the balance of the natural ecosystem, and is suitable for the rapid restoration of slope vegetation in the ecological restoration of mines in arid areas.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of slope finishing and vegetation configuration in an embodiment of the present invention.

The things corresponding to each label in Figure 1 are: 1—original slope surface line; 2—slope surface line after finishing; 3—step platform after finishing; 4—planting hole; 5—ecological intercepting ditch; 6—covering soil; 7— Ecological bag; 8—ecological blanket; 9—U-shaped nail.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the water collection device involved in the embodiment of the invention.

The things corresponding to each label in Fig. 2 are: 10—step platform behind slope cut; 11—slope; 12—ecological intercepting ditch; Water bag; 17—connection port (with filter screen); 18—water inlet pipe; 19—butterfly check valve; 20—water inlet; 21—drain pipe; 22—controllable drain.

In Fig. 2, geotextiles are laid on the inner side of the grit chamber marked 13 and the sump pit marked 14.

Among Fig. 2, filter screen is installed at label 17 connection port.

In Fig. 2, a butterfly check valve is installed at number 19.

In Fig. 2, a water outlet valve is installed at the controllable water outlet of label 22.

detailed description

The embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below.

The present invention is applicable to the rapid recovery method of slope vegetation in arid area mine ecological restoration, and its preferred specific implementation mode is:

Including the following four parts: slope protection methods, setting water collection devices, soil improvement, and vegetation configuration;

The slope protection methods described include:

For slopes with a slope greater than 35° and a slope length greater than 10m, carry out stepped slope cutting. The slope surface and the platform are covered with 20-30cm of soil, each level of slope is 8-10m long, and 6-10 layers of ecological Ecological blankets are laid on the top, and the width of each step platform is 2-3 meters. Planting holes are excavated on the platform, and a water interception ditch is set up on the inner side of the platform near the foot of the slope;

The set water collection device includes:

Excavate sedimentation tanks and sumps every 20-30m along the intercepting ditch, and install water collecting devices, which include water collecting bags, connection ports, filter screens, water inlet pipes, butterfly single Directional valves, water inlets, controllable drains, and drain pipes;

Said carrying out soil improvement includes:

Prepare a soil improver, mix it with foreign soil and use it as improved planting soil, fill it in planting holes, ecological bags and ecological blankets, and use it for slope restoration;

The vegetation configuration includes:

The plant seeds added to the ecological bags and ecological blankets laid on the slopes of each level are selected as shrubs and grasses, and the mixed trees and shrubs are planted in the planting holes on the step platform of each level, and the mixed grass seeds are sowed under the forest.

In the described slope protection method:

The planting holes have a diameter of 60-80cm, a depth of 50-60cm, and a hole spacing of 2-3 meters;

The intercepting ditch is an ecological intercepting ditch with a trapezoidal cross-section, the upper bottom width is 0.60m, the lower bottom width is 0.30m, the depth is 0.30m, and the longitudinal slope is 1.5%. Eco bags.

In the described water collecting device:

The size of the grit chamber: length * width * depth = 1.2m * 1m * 0.5m, the inside of the grit chamber is laid with geotextiles, and above the geotextiles is laid an agricultural plastic film with a thickness of 0.02mm;

The size of the sump: length × width × depth = 2m × 1.5m × 0.8m, the inside of the sump is laid with a geotextile, and a water collection bag is installed on the geotextile;

The water collection bag is placed in the sump, the plastic film is laid in the grit chamber, and the two are connected through the water inlet pipe. The interface on one side of the water collection bag is the water inlet, and a plastic butterfly check valve is installed at the water inlet. The other side of the water collection bag is connected to the drain pipe. The system is connected.

In carrying out soil improvement:

The soil improver is composed of a water-retaining agent and a compound microbial fertilizer, and 80 g of the water-retaining agent and 500 g of the compound microbial fertilizer are added to each cubic meter of undisturbed topsoil or exotic soil.

As described in the vegetation configuration:

For vegetation, choose tree species suitable for growth in arid areas. Herbs are alfalfa, sandavan, ryegrass, Artemisia annua, Elymus, tall fescue; shrubs choose Caragana microphylla, caragana, seabuckthorn, sand cypress; trees choose camphor Son pine, bunch poplar, elm, dry willow.

The ecological imbalance of mine slopes in arid areas is a frequent problem. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively consider various factors for ecological restoration. Aiming at the problems of poor site conditions of mine slopes in arid areas, frequent ecological imbalances, and single ecological restoration technology, the present invention Comprehensive consideration should be given to regional hydrology, geography, soil, geology, climate, etc., and comprehensive measures should be arranged in terms of slope stability, comprehensive utilization of water and soil resources, soil improvement, and vegetation restoration to achieve a good mine ecological restoration effect. Slope structure, soil improvement, rainwater utilization, and vegetation configuration are integrated to restore the slope, comprehensively improve the three-dimensional condition of the slope, restore the structural stability of the slope and the balance of the natural ecosystem, and are suitable for the ecological restoration of mines in arid areas. Slope vegetation recovers quickly.

The ecological restoration of mine slopes in arid areas can be carried out through the technical solution of the present invention, which can comprehensively improve the site conditions of the slopes, increase the stability of the slopes through land consolidation, and reduce the erosion of the slopes; by adding soil improvers, the conditions of soil water and fertilizers can be improved, and soil activity can be increased. , to create good conditions for plant growth; through water collection devices, fully collect and store slope runoff, provide water for slope vegetation irrigation, and realize effective use of rain and flood; through reasonable vegetation configuration, make it compatible with slope preparation and soil improvement To achieve rapid restoration of vegetation, and to achieve long-term structural stability and ecological balance on the slope.

Specific examples:

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, it includes four parts of the treatment method, slope preparation, water collection device, soil improvement, and vegetation configuration.

1. Slope protection, as shown in Figure 1, carry out stepped slope cutting for slopes (1) with a slope greater than 35° and a slope length greater than 10m. The height of each level of slope (2) is 6-8m. Lay 6-10 layers of ecological bags at the foot of the slope, and lay an ecological blanket on the top. The width of each step platform (3) is 2-3m. Planting holes are excavated on the platform, and a water interception ditch (5) is opened on the inner side of the platform. .

1) In order to strengthen the slope stability and slope protection function, two layers of ecological bags can be stacked on the lowest grade of slope, two layers of ecological blankets can be laid, and they can be fixed with U-shaped nails;

2) The diameter of the planting hole is 60-80cm, the depth is 50-60cm, and the hole spacing is 2-3 meters;

3) The intercepting ditch is an ecological intercepting ditch with a trapezoidal cross-section. Geotextiles are laid on the inside, and ecological bags are laid on top of the geotextiles. %.

2. As shown in Figure 2, excavate sedimentation basins (13) and sump pits (14) every 20-30m along the ecological intercepting ditch, and install water collection devices.

1) Dimensions of grit chamber: length×width×depth=1.2m×1m×0.5m, geotextile is laid inside the grit chamber, and agricultural plastic film is laid on the geotextile with a thickness of 0.02mm;

2) Dimensions of the sump pit: length × width × depth = 2m × 1.5m × 0.8m, the inside of the sump is laid with geotextile, and the water collection bag is installed on the geotextile;

3) The water collection device consists of a water collection bag (16), a connection port (17), a filter screen (17), a water inlet pipe (18), a butterfly check valve (19), a water inlet (20), a drainage pipe ( 21), composed of controllable drain outlet (22);

4) The water collection bag (16) is placed in the sump (14), the plastic film (15) is laid in the grit chamber (13), the two are connected by the water inlet pipe (18), and the plastic film (15) The connection port on the side is two water inlets (17) with different water levels, and a filter screen is installed inside. The other side of the water bag is connected with a drainage pipe (21), and the outer end of the drainage pipe stretches out from the slope, and a controllable discharge outlet (22) equipped with a valve is provided, which can be connected with the slope irrigation system.

5) Description of the water collecting device:

The ecological intercepting ditch has a certain vertical gradient, so that the water flow therein flows to the grit chamber (13) on one side; the geotextile is laid in the grit chamber, which has anti-seepage effect, and the agricultural plastic film (15) is laid on the geotextile, which can quickly , It is convenient to clean up the deposited sand and soil, and it can be replaced at any time;

The water inlet pipe (18) two ends are connected to the plastic film (15) of the grit chamber and the water collection bag (16) of the sump through the water inlet (17) and the water inlet (20), and the water inlet is slightly lower than the water inlet, which is convenient The water in the grit chamber flows into the water collection bag;

Install a filter screen at the water inlet to prevent sediment, stones, dead branches and fallen leaves from blocking the water inlet pipe; install a plastic butterfly check valve at the water inlet to prevent the water in the water collection bag from flowing back into the sedimentation tank;

Two water inlet channels (18) are set according to different catchment volumes to effectively adjust the water level and avoid silting and blockage of a single pipeline; the depth of the sump (14) is deeper than that of the sedimentation tank (13);

The other side of the water collection bag is connected to the drainage pipe (21), and the other end of the drainage pipe extends out of the slope, and the drainage outlet is a controllable drainage outlet (22) equipped with an on-off valve, which is connected with the slope irrigation system;

Each part in the water collecting device can be disassembled freely, so that it can be replaced at any time when a part is damaged.

3. Prepare soil improver, mix it with foreign soil and use it as improved planting soil, fill it in planting holes, ecological bags and ecological blankets, and use it for slope restoration.

The soil improver is composed of water-retaining agent and compound microbial fertilizer. Add 80g of water-retaining agent and 500g of compound microbial fertilizer per cubic meter of undisturbed topsoil or foreign soil.

4. Carry out vegetation configuration aiming at the method of slope finishing in the present invention, add plant seeds in the ecological bags and ecological blankets laid on each level of slope and select shrubs and grasses, and plant trees and shrubs in the planting holes on the step platform of each level. , sowing mixed grass seeds under the forest.

For vegetation, choose tree species suitable for growth in arid areas. Herbs are alfalfa, sandavan, ryegrass, Artemisia annua, Elymus, tall fescue; shrubs choose Caragana microphylla, caragana, seabuckthorn, sand cypress; trees choose camphor Son pine, bunch poplar, elm, dry willow.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following differences:

1) For the first time, the present invention systematically proposes a complete set of ecological restoration technology for mine slopes in arid areas, which combines slope protection, rainwater utilization, soil improvement, and vegetation configuration to comprehensively and systematically improve slope site conditions, The repair effect is obviously higher than other slope repair techniques;

2) The slope finishing method proposed by the present invention combines engineering measures and biological measures, ecological bag slope protection foot, ecological blanket slope protection, strong flexibility, suitable for slopes with complex terrains, and compared with traditional slope repair techniques, avoids Artificial hardening has a good protective effect at the same time, and the vegetation can be quickly restored to achieve a purely natural ecological restoration effect;

3) The present invention innovatively proposes a slope water collection device with easy-to-obtain materials and simple assembly, which can effectively collect and store slope runoff, reduce slope erosion, provide water sources for irrigation in dry seasons, and solve the problem of mine restoration in arid areas. Water problems, to achieve rational utilization of rainwater;

4) The present invention combines the water-retaining agent and the compound microbial fertilizer for slope restoration in arid areas, jointly improving soil moisture and nutrient conditions, increasing soil activity, and the interaction between the two promotes each other to exert a greater effect, and is combined with the corresponding vegetation configuration;

5) The present invention screens the corresponding vegetation for the proposed slope finishing measures, and performs vegetation configuration to avoid the problems of low seedling emergence rate and survival rate caused by improper planting configuration.

Apply the technical economic analysis of the present invention:

(1) Technical indicators:

1) Increase slope stability;

2) Improve soil moisture and nutrient conditions, and increase soil activity;

3) Collect and store surface runoff, provide water sources, and improve slope moisture conditions;

4) Improve the emergence rate, germination rate and survival rate of vegetation, and quickly restore the natural vegetation state.

(2) Economic indicators:

1) Reduce the management and maintenance cost of mine restoration;

2) Reduce irrigation costs for ecological restoration of mine slopes in arid areas;

3) Reduce the cost of vegetation replanting caused by low emergence rate and high mortality in slope ecological restoration.

4) The raw materials of the water collection device are easy to obtain, the assembly is simple, and the cost of building water storage facilities is reduced.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person familiar with the technical field can easily conceive of changes or changes within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention. Replacement should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (5)

1. A method for rapid recovery of slope vegetation applicable to ecological restoration of mines in arid areas, characterized in that it comprises the following four parts: slope protection method, water collection device is set, soil improvement, and vegetation configuration; The slope protection methods described include: For slopes with a slope greater than 35° and a slope length greater than 10m, carry out stepped slope cutting. The slope surface and the platform are covered with 20-30cm of soil, each level of slope is 8-10m long, and 6-10 layers of ecological Ecological blankets are laid on the top, and the width of each step platform is 2-3 meters. Planting holes are excavated on the platform, and a water interception ditch is set up on the inner side of the platform near the foot of the slope; The set water collection device includes: Excavate sedimentation tanks and sumps every 20-30m along the intercepting ditch, and install water collecting devices, which include water collecting bags, connection ports, filter screens, water inlet pipes, butterfly single Directional valves, water inlets, controllable drains, and drain pipes; Said carrying out soil improvement includes: Prepare a soil improver, mix it with foreign soil and use it as improved planting soil, fill it in planting holes, ecological bags and ecological blankets, and use it for slope restoration; The vegetation configuration includes: The plant seeds added to the ecological bags and ecological blankets laid on the slopes of each level are selected as shrubs and grasses, and the mixed trees and shrubs are planted in the planting holes on the step platform of each level, and the mixed grass seeds are sowed under the forest. 2. according to claim 1, be applicable to the rapid restoration method of slope vegetation in arid area mine ecological restoration, it is characterized in that, in described slope protection method: The planting holes have a diameter of 60-80cm, a depth of 50-60cm, and a hole spacing of 2-3 meters; The intercepting ditch is an ecological intercepting ditch with a trapezoidal cross-section, the upper bottom width is 0.60m, the lower bottom width is 0.30m, the depth is 0.30m, and the longitudinal slope is 1.5%. Eco bags. 3. according to claim 1, be applicable to the rapid restoration method of slope vegetation in arid area mine ecological restoration, it is characterized in that, in the described water collecting device: The size of the grit chamber: length * width * depth = 1.2m * 1m * 0.5m, the inside of the grit chamber is laid with geotextiles, and above the geotextiles is laid an agricultural plastic film with a thickness of 0.02mm; The size of the sump: length × width × depth = 2m × 1.5m × 0.8m, the inside of the sump is laid with a geotextile, and a water collection bag is installed on the geotextile; The water collection bag is placed in the sump, the plastic film is laid in the grit chamber, and the two are connected through the water inlet pipe. The interface on one side of the water collection bag is the water inlet, and a plastic butterfly check valve is installed at the water inlet. The other side of the water collection bag is connected to the drain pipe. The system is connected. 4. according to claim 1, be applicable to the rapid restoration method of slope vegetation in arid area mine ecological restoration, it is characterized in that, in described carrying out soil improvement: The soil improver is composed of a water-retaining agent and a compound microbial fertilizer, and 80 g of the water-retaining agent and 500 g of the compound microbial fertilizer are added to each cubic meter of undisturbed topsoil or exotic soil. 5. according to claim 1, be applicable to the rapid restoration method of slope vegetation in arid area mine ecological restoration, it is characterized in that, in the described vegetation configuration: For vegetation, choose tree species suitable for growth in arid areas. Herbs are alfalfa, sandavan, ryegrass, Artemisia annua, Elymus, tall fescue; shrubs choose Caragana microphylla, caragana, seabuckthorn, sand cypress; trees choose camphor Son pine, bunch poplar, elm, dry willow.