CN105961120A - Mine ecological remediation and slope vegetation fast restoring method suitable for arid region - Google Patents

Mine ecological remediation and slope vegetation fast restoring method suitable for arid region Download PDF

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CN105961120A
CN105961120A CN201610363256.8A CN201610363256A CN105961120A CN 105961120 A CN105961120 A CN 105961120A CN 201610363256 A CN201610363256 A CN 201610363256A CN 105961120 A CN105961120 A CN 105961120A
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slope
ecological
vegetation
soil
water
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CN105961120B (en
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宋双双
孙保平
郭虎波
肖恩邦
李云鹏
张建锋
陈艺超
陈串
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Beijing Forestry University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20Securing of slopes or inclines
    • E02D17/202Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03FSEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F5/00Sewerage structures
    • E03F5/10Collecting-tanks; Equalising-tanks for regulating the run-off; Laying-up basins

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
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  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种适用于干旱区矿山生态修复边坡植被快速恢复方法,包括坡面防护方法、设置集水装置、进行土壤改良、进行植被配置;首先通坡面整理是对矿山需修复边坡进行台阶式削坡以稳定边坡,每一级平台内侧设生态截水沟,台阶上每隔一定距离连设置沉沙池与集水坑;集水坑内安装集水装置,与沉沙池、截水沟相连接,集水装置另一端设可控排水口,与坡面灌溉系统相连接,用以收集并充分合理利用坡面径流,提供旱季灌溉水源,同时防止坡面冲刷减少水土流失;平台与坡面均覆土,每一级平台开挖种植穴,每一级坡面采取生态袋+生态毯的方式,将土壤改良剂与异地客土混合,填充于种植穴、生态袋和生态毯,为植物生长提供良好的水肥条件;选择适宜的乔灌草进行植被配置。比较全面的改善边坡立地条件,使边坡植被快速恢复到自然生态的状态。

The invention discloses a method for quickly restoring vegetation on slopes suitable for ecological restoration of mines in arid areas, including slope protection methods, setting water collection devices, soil improvement, and vegetation configuration; The slope is cut stepwise to stabilize the slope. An ecological intercepting ditch is set inside each level of the platform, and grit chambers and sump pits are set up at regular intervals on the steps; The other end of the water collection device is equipped with a controllable drainage outlet, which is connected to the slope irrigation system to collect and make full use of slope runoff, provide irrigation water in dry seasons, and prevent slope erosion to reduce soil erosion. Both the platform and the slope are covered with soil, and the planting hole is excavated on each level of the platform, and the method of ecological bag + ecological blanket is adopted on each level of slope, and the soil conditioner is mixed with foreign soil, and filled in the planting hole, ecological bag and ecological blanket. blanket to provide good water and fertilizer conditions for plant growth; choose suitable trees, shrubs and grasses for vegetation configuration. Improve the site conditions of the slope more comprehensively, so that the vegetation of the slope can be quickly restored to the state of natural ecology.

Description

一种适用于干旱区矿山生态修复边坡植被快速恢复方法A rapid vegetation restoration method suitable for ecological restoration of mine slopes in arid areas

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种生态修复技术,尤其涉及一种适用于干旱区矿山生态修复边坡植被快速恢复方法。The invention relates to an ecological restoration technology, in particular to a rapid vegetation restoration method suitable for ecological restoration of mine slopes in arid areas.

背景技术Background technique

随着矿山开采,尤其是露天采矿,占用和破坏大量的土地资源,严重影响区域生态环境健康,矿坑、排土场、尾矿库产生大量废弃边坡,坡体不稳、地表裸露以及植被缺乏等引起塌陷、崩塌、滑坡等严重地质灾害,大气、水、土壤等环境污染、以及其他水土流失和生物多样性退化等环境问题,导致矿区生态系统失衡,严重制约区域生态社会经济的可持续发展。With mining, especially open-pit mining, a large amount of land resources are occupied and destroyed, which seriously affects the health of the regional ecological environment. A large number of abandoned slopes are generated in mine pits, dumps, and tailings ponds. The slopes are unstable, the surface is exposed, and the vegetation is lacking. Causing serious geological disasters such as subsidence, collapse, landslide, environmental pollution such as air, water, soil, and other environmental problems such as soil erosion and biodiversity degradation, leading to the imbalance of the mining area ecosystem and seriously restricting the sustainable development of regional ecological society and economy .

针对干旱区矿山边坡生态问题,国内外进行多方面研究,主要集中在边坡防护、植被绿化、土壤基质改良、土壤重金属污染等方面,提出边坡稳定性装置、种植装置、集雨装置等方面的发明专利。传统边坡修复多主要包括削坡开级、抗滑桩、挡土墙、浆砌片石骨架等固坡措施,随着生态理念的普及和修复技术的发展,矿山生态修复技术得到快速发展,主要包括混凝土框架、预应力锚索框架、空心砖等坡面防护技术以及生态植被毯、生态灌浆、客土喷播、土工格室等坡面植被恢复技术。公开号为CN103875481A的中国专利公开了一种矿山边坡的修复构件与修复方法,通过网状框架和包含种子、基质、基肥的修复包对地形复杂的矿山边坡具有较好的使用效果;公开号为CN103650968A的中国专利公开了一种边坡穴植植物装置,包括保育蓝和基础包,在干旱半干旱区裸露地表具有较好的生态修复效果;公开号为CN103299740A的中国专利公开了一种矿山废弃地植被恢复的处理方法,通过改良悬浮液和客土喷播进行植被修复,能够改良土壤酸碱性、控制重金属污染;公开号为CN103461070A的中国专利公开了一种干旱种植区坡地集雨抗旱方法及结构,设置纵向地垄以及横向集雨沟,解决干旱山区灌溉缺水的问题。Aiming at the ecological problems of mine slopes in arid areas, various studies have been carried out at home and abroad, mainly focusing on slope protection, vegetation greening, soil matrix improvement, soil heavy metal pollution, etc., and proposed slope stability devices, planting devices, rain collection devices, etc. invention patents. Traditional slope restoration mainly includes slope consolidation measures such as slope cutting and opening, anti-slide piles, retaining walls, and mortar rubble skeletons. With the popularization of ecological concepts and the development of restoration technologies, mine ecological restoration technologies have developed rapidly. Including concrete frame, prestressed anchor cable frame, hollow brick and other slope protection technologies, as well as slope vegetation restoration technologies such as ecological vegetation blanket, ecological grouting, guest soil spraying, and geocell. The Chinese patent with the publication number CN103875481A discloses a repairing component and repairing method for a mine slope, which has a good effect on mine slopes with complex terrain through a mesh frame and a repair package containing seeds, substrates, and base fertilizers; The Chinese patent No. CN103650968A discloses a slope planting device, including conservation blue and basic bag, which has a good ecological restoration effect on the bare ground in arid and semi-arid areas; the Chinese patent publication No. CN103299740A discloses a The treatment method for vegetation restoration of abandoned mine land, which can improve soil acidity and alkalinity and control heavy metal pollution by improving suspension and soil spraying, can improve soil acidity and alkalinity, and control heavy metal pollution; the Chinese patent with publication number CN103461070A discloses a slope land rain collection in arid planting areas Drought-resistant methods and structures, vertical ridges and horizontal rain-collecting ditches are set up to solve the problem of irrigation water shortage in arid mountainous areas.

目前的专利和研究成果复杂多样,针对干旱区矿山边坡生态修复的部分问题,但目的性过于单一,修复效果不全面,具有生态性差、修复率低、效果短期等问题,不能从根本上解决干旱区矿山边坡生态问题。The current patents and research results are complex and diverse, aiming at some problems of ecological restoration of mine slopes in arid areas, but the purpose is too single, the restoration effect is not comprehensive, and there are problems such as poor ecology, low restoration rate, and short-term effect, which cannot be fundamentally solved Ecological problems of mine slopes in arid regions.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的是提供一种集坡面防护、集水装置、土壤改良和植被配置为一体的适用于干旱区矿山生态修复边坡植被快速恢复方法。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for quickly restoring vegetation on slopes that integrates slope protection, water collection devices, soil improvement and vegetation configuration and is suitable for ecological restoration of mines in arid areas.

本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

本发明的适用于干旱区矿山生态修复边坡植被快速恢复方法,包括以下四部分:坡面防护方法、设置集水装置、进行土壤改良、进行植被配置;The method for quickly restoring vegetation on slopes suitable for ecological restoration of mines in arid areas of the present invention includes the following four parts: slope protection methods, setting water collection devices, performing soil improvement, and performing vegetation configuration;

所述的坡面防护方法包括:The slope protection methods described include:

对坡度大于35°、坡长大于10m的边坡进行台阶式削坡,坡面与平台均覆土20-30cm,每一级坡面长8-10m,坡面坡脚处铺设6-10层生态袋,上方铺设生态毯,每一级台阶平台宽度为2-3米,平台上开挖种植穴,平台靠坡脚内侧开设截水沟;For slopes with a slope greater than 35° and a slope length greater than 10m, carry out stepped slope cutting. The slope surface and the platform are covered with 20-30cm of soil, each level of slope is 8-10m long, and 6-10 layers of ecological Ecological blankets are laid on the top, and the width of each step platform is 2-3 meters. Planting holes are excavated on the platform, and a water interception ditch is set up on the inner side of the platform near the foot of the slope;

所述设置集水装置包括:The set water collection device includes:

沿所述截水沟每隔20-30m开挖沉沙池和集水坑,并安装集水装置,所述集水装置包括集水袋、连接口、滤网、进水管道、蝶式单向阀、进水口、可控排水口、排水管道;Excavate sedimentation tanks and sumps every 20-30m along the intercepting ditch, and install water collecting devices, which include water collecting bags, connection ports, filter screens, water inlet pipes, butterfly single Directional valves, water inlets, controllable drains, and drain pipes;

所述进行土壤改良包括:Said carrying out soil improvement includes:

制备土壤改良剂,将其与异地客土混合后作为改良种植土,填充于种植穴、生态袋与生态毯中,用于边坡修复;Prepare a soil improver, mix it with foreign soil and use it as improved planting soil, fill it in planting holes, ecological bags and ecological blankets, and use it for slope restoration;

所述进行植被配置包括:The vegetation configuration includes:

每一级坡面上铺设的生态袋和生态毯中添加植物种子选择为灌草类,每一级台阶平台上种植穴内种植乔灌木混交,林下撒播混合草籽。The plant seeds added to the ecological bags and ecological blankets laid on the slopes of each level are selected as shrubs and grasses, and the mixed trees and shrubs are planted in the planting holes on the step platform of each level, and the mixed grass seeds are sowed under the forest.

由上述本发明提供的技术方案可以看出,本发明实施例提供的适用于干旱区矿山生态修复边坡植被快速恢复方法,从坡面结构、土壤改良、雨洪利用、植被配置四方面综合进行边坡修复,全面改善边坡立体条件,恢复边坡的结构稳定性和自然生态系统平衡性,适于干旱区矿山生态修复边坡植被快速恢复。It can be seen from the above-mentioned technical solutions provided by the present invention that the method for quickly restoring vegetation on slopes suitable for ecological restoration of mines in arid areas provided by the embodiments of the present invention is comprehensively carried out from the four aspects of slope structure, soil improvement, rainwater utilization, and vegetation configuration. Slope restoration comprehensively improves the three-dimensional conditions of the slope, restores the structural stability of the slope and the balance of the natural ecosystem, and is suitable for the rapid restoration of slope vegetation in the ecological restoration of mines in arid areas.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明实施例中坡面整理与植被配置示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of slope finishing and vegetation configuration in an embodiment of the present invention.

图1中各标号对应的事物为:1—原坡面线;2—整理后坡面线;3—整理后台阶平台;4—种植穴;5—生态截水沟;6—覆土;7—生态袋;8—生态毯;9—U型钉。The things corresponding to each label in Figure 1 are: 1—original slope surface line; 2—slope surface line after finishing; 3—step platform after finishing; 4—planting hole; 5—ecological intercepting ditch; 6—covering soil; 7— Ecological bag; 8—ecological blanket; 9—U-shaped nail.

图2为发明实施例中涉及的集水装置示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the water collection device involved in the embodiment of the invention.

图2中各标号对应的事物为:10—削坡后台阶平台;11—坡面;12—生态截水沟;13—沉沙池;14—集水坑;15—塑料薄膜;16—集水袋;17—连接口(装有滤网);18—进水管;19—蝶式单向阀;20—进水口;21—排水管;22—可控排水口。The things corresponding to each label in Fig. 2 are: 10—step platform behind slope cut; 11—slope; 12—ecological intercepting ditch; Water bag; 17—connection port (with filter screen); 18—water inlet pipe; 19—butterfly check valve; 20—water inlet; 21—drain pipe; 22—controllable drain.

图2中,标号13沉沙池与标号14集水坑内侧铺设土工布。In Fig. 2, geotextiles are laid on the inner side of the grit chamber marked 13 and the sump pit marked 14.

图2中,标号17连接口处安装滤网。Among Fig. 2, filter screen is installed at label 17 connection port.

图2中,标号19处安装蝶式单向阀。In Fig. 2, a butterfly check valve is installed at number 19.

图2中,标号22可控排水口处安装出水阀门。In Fig. 2, a water outlet valve is installed at the controllable water outlet of label 22.

具体实施方式detailed description

下面将对本发明实施例作进一步地详细描述。The embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below.

本发明的适用于干旱区矿山生态修复边坡植被快速恢复方法,其较佳的具体实施方式是:The present invention is applicable to the rapid recovery method of slope vegetation in arid area mine ecological restoration, and its preferred specific implementation mode is:

包括以下四部分:坡面防护方法、设置集水装置、进行土壤改良、进行植被配置;Including the following four parts: slope protection methods, setting water collection devices, soil improvement, and vegetation configuration;

所述的坡面防护方法包括:The slope protection methods described include:

对坡度大于35°、坡长大于10m的边坡进行台阶式削坡,坡面与平台均覆土20-30cm,每一级坡面长8-10m,坡面坡脚处铺设6-10层生态袋,上方铺设生态毯,每一级台阶平台宽度为2-3米,平台上开挖种植穴,平台靠坡脚内侧开设截水沟;For slopes with a slope greater than 35° and a slope length greater than 10m, carry out stepped slope cutting. The slope surface and the platform are covered with 20-30cm of soil, each level of slope is 8-10m long, and 6-10 layers of ecological Ecological blankets are laid on the top, and the width of each step platform is 2-3 meters. Planting holes are excavated on the platform, and a water interception ditch is set up on the inner side of the platform near the foot of the slope;

所述设置集水装置包括:The set water collection device includes:

沿所述截水沟每隔20-30m开挖沉沙池和集水坑,并安装集水装置,所述集水装置包括集水袋、连接口、滤网、进水管道、蝶式单向阀、进水口、可控排水口、排水管道;Excavate sedimentation tanks and sumps every 20-30m along the intercepting ditch, and install water collecting devices, which include water collecting bags, connection ports, filter screens, water inlet pipes, butterfly single Directional valves, water inlets, controllable drains, and drain pipes;

所述进行土壤改良包括:Said carrying out soil improvement includes:

制备土壤改良剂,将其与异地客土混合后作为改良种植土,填充于种植穴、生态袋与生态毯中,用于边坡修复;Prepare a soil improver, mix it with foreign soil and use it as improved planting soil, fill it in planting holes, ecological bags and ecological blankets, and use it for slope restoration;

所述进行植被配置包括:The vegetation configuration includes:

每一级坡面上铺设的生态袋和生态毯中添加植物种子选择为灌草类,每一级台阶平台上种植穴内种植乔灌木混交,林下撒播混合草籽。The plant seeds added to the ecological bags and ecological blankets laid on the slopes of each level are selected as shrubs and grasses, and the mixed trees and shrubs are planted in the planting holes on the step platform of each level, and the mixed grass seeds are sowed under the forest.

所述的坡面防护方法中:In the described slope protection method:

所述种植穴直径60-80cm、深50-60cm、穴间距为2-3米;The planting holes have a diameter of 60-80cm, a depth of 50-60cm, and a hole spacing of 2-3 meters;

所述截水沟为生态截水沟,断面为梯形,尺寸为上底宽0.60m、下底宽0.30m、深度:0.30m、纵向坡度为1.5%,内侧铺设土工布,土工布之上铺设生态袋。The intercepting ditch is an ecological intercepting ditch with a trapezoidal cross-section, the upper bottom width is 0.60m, the lower bottom width is 0.30m, the depth is 0.30m, and the longitudinal slope is 1.5%. Eco bags.

所述设置集水装置中:In the described water collecting device:

所述沉沙池尺寸:长×宽×深=1.2m×1m×0.5m,沉沙池内侧铺设土工布,土工布之上铺设农用塑料薄膜,厚度为0.02mm;The size of the grit chamber: length * width * depth = 1.2m * 1m * 0.5m, the inside of the grit chamber is laid with geotextiles, and above the geotextiles is laid an agricultural plastic film with a thickness of 0.02mm;

所述集水坑尺寸:长×宽×深=2m×1.5m×0.8m,集水坑内侧铺设土工布,土工布之上安装集水袋;The size of the sump: length × width × depth = 2m × 1.5m × 0.8m, the inside of the sump is laid with a geotextile, and a water collection bag is installed on the geotextile;

所述集水袋放于集水坑中,塑料薄膜铺设于沉沙池中,两者通过进水管道相连,塑料薄膜一侧的连接口为为两个不同水位的接水口,内部装有滤网,集水袋一侧的接口为进水口,进水口处安装有塑料蝶式单向阀,集水袋另一侧连接排水管,外端为装有阀门的可控排水口与坡面灌溉系统相连。The water collection bag is placed in the sump, the plastic film is laid in the grit chamber, and the two are connected through the water inlet pipe. The interface on one side of the water collection bag is the water inlet, and a plastic butterfly check valve is installed at the water inlet. The other side of the water collection bag is connected to the drain pipe. The system is connected.

所述进行土壤改良中:In carrying out soil improvement:

所述土壤改良剂由保水剂、复合微生物菌肥组成,每立方原状表土或异地客土添加80g保水剂,500g复合微生物菌肥。The soil improver is composed of a water-retaining agent and a compound microbial fertilizer, and 80 g of the water-retaining agent and 500 g of the compound microbial fertilizer are added to each cubic meter of undisturbed topsoil or exotic soil.

所述进行植被配置中:As described in the vegetation configuration:

植被选择适于干旱区生长的树种,草本为苜蓿、沙打旺、黑麦草、冷蒿、披碱草、高羊茅,灌木选择小叶锦鸡儿、柠条、沙棘、沙地柏,乔木选择樟子松、串杨、榆树、旱柳。For vegetation, choose tree species suitable for growth in arid areas. Herbs are alfalfa, sandavan, ryegrass, Artemisia annua, Elymus, tall fescue; shrubs choose Caragana microphylla, caragana, seabuckthorn, sand cypress; trees choose camphor Son pine, bunch poplar, elm, dry willow.

干旱区的矿山边坡生态失衡是一个多发性问题,因此进行生态修复需要综合考虑各方面因素,针对干旱区矿山边坡立地条件差以及生态失衡多发性、生态修复技术单一性的问题,本发明结合区域水文、地理、土壤、地质、气候等进行综合考虑,从边坡稳定性、水土资源综合利用、土壤改良、植被恢复等方面进行综合性措施布置,以达到良好的矿山生态修复效果,从坡面结构、土壤改良、雨洪利用、植被配置四方面综合进行边坡修复,全面改善边坡立体条件,恢复边坡的结构稳定性和自然生态系统平衡性,适于干旱区矿山生态修复边坡植被快速恢复。The ecological imbalance of mine slopes in arid areas is a frequent problem. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively consider various factors for ecological restoration. Aiming at the problems of poor site conditions of mine slopes in arid areas, frequent ecological imbalances, and single ecological restoration technology, the present invention Comprehensive consideration should be given to regional hydrology, geography, soil, geology, climate, etc., and comprehensive measures should be arranged in terms of slope stability, comprehensive utilization of water and soil resources, soil improvement, and vegetation restoration to achieve a good mine ecological restoration effect. Slope structure, soil improvement, rainwater utilization, and vegetation configuration are integrated to restore the slope, comprehensively improve the three-dimensional condition of the slope, restore the structural stability of the slope and the balance of the natural ecosystem, and are suitable for the ecological restoration of mines in arid areas. Slope vegetation recovers quickly.

通过本发明技术方案进行干旱区矿山边坡生态修复,能全面改善坡面立地条件,通过土地整理增加坡面稳定性,减少坡面侵蚀;通过添加土壤改良剂,改善土壤水肥条件,增加土壤活性,为植物生长创造良好条件;通过集水装置,充分收集并存储坡面径流,为坡面植被灌溉提供水源,实现雨洪有效利用;通过合理植被配置,使其与坡面整理和土壤改良相适应,以达到快速恢复植被,并使坡面达到长期结构稳定、生态平衡。The ecological restoration of mine slopes in arid areas can be carried out through the technical solution of the present invention, which can comprehensively improve the site conditions of the slopes, increase the stability of the slopes through land consolidation, and reduce the erosion of the slopes; by adding soil improvers, the conditions of soil water and fertilizers can be improved, and soil activity can be increased. , to create good conditions for plant growth; through water collection devices, fully collect and store slope runoff, provide water for slope vegetation irrigation, and realize effective use of rain and flood; through reasonable vegetation configuration, make it compatible with slope preparation and soil improvement To achieve rapid restoration of vegetation, and to achieve long-term structural stability and ecological balance on the slope.

具体实施例:Specific examples:

如图1、图2所示,包括四部分处理方法,坡面整理、集水装置、土壤改良、植被配置。As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, it includes four parts of the treatment method, slope preparation, water collection device, soil improvement, and vegetation configuration.

1、坡面防护,如图1所示,对坡度大于35°,坡面长度大于10m的边坡(1)进行台阶式削坡,每一级坡面(2)高度为6-8m,坡面坡脚处铺设6-10层生态袋,上方铺设生态毯,每一级台阶平台(3)宽度为2-3m,平台上开挖种植穴,平台靠坡脚内侧开设截水沟(5)。1. Slope protection, as shown in Figure 1, carry out stepped slope cutting for slopes (1) with a slope greater than 35° and a slope length greater than 10m. The height of each level of slope (2) is 6-8m. Lay 6-10 layers of ecological bags at the foot of the slope, and lay an ecological blanket on the top. The width of each step platform (3) is 2-3m. Planting holes are excavated on the platform, and a water interception ditch (5) is opened on the inner side of the platform. .

1)为加强边坡稳定性,和边坡防护功能,最低一级坡面生态袋可错茬码放两层,生态毯铺设两层,用U型钉加以固定;1) In order to strengthen the slope stability and slope protection function, two layers of ecological bags can be stacked on the lowest grade of slope, two layers of ecological blankets can be laid, and they can be fixed with U-shaped nails;

2)种植穴直径60-80cm,深50-60cm,穴间距为2-3米;2) The diameter of the planting hole is 60-80cm, the depth is 50-60cm, and the hole spacing is 2-3 meters;

3)截水沟为生态截水沟,断面为梯形,内侧铺设土工布,土工布之上铺设生态袋,尺寸为上底宽0.60m,下底宽0.30m,深度0.30m,纵向坡度为1.5%。3) The intercepting ditch is an ecological intercepting ditch with a trapezoidal cross-section. Geotextiles are laid on the inside, and ecological bags are laid on top of the geotextiles. %.

2、如图2所示,沿生态截水沟每隔20-30m左右开挖沉沙池(13)和集水坑(14),安装集水装置。2. As shown in Figure 2, excavate sedimentation basins (13) and sump pits (14) every 20-30m along the ecological intercepting ditch, and install water collection devices.

1)沉沙池尺寸:长×宽×深=1.2m×1m×0.5m,沉沙池内侧铺设土工布,土工布之上铺设农用塑料薄膜,厚度为0.02mm;1) Dimensions of grit chamber: length×width×depth=1.2m×1m×0.5m, geotextile is laid inside the grit chamber, and agricultural plastic film is laid on the geotextile with a thickness of 0.02mm;

2)集水坑尺寸:长×宽×深=2m×1.5m×0.8m,集水坑内侧铺设土工布,土工布之上安装集水袋;2) Dimensions of the sump pit: length × width × depth = 2m × 1.5m × 0.8m, the inside of the sump is laid with geotextile, and the water collection bag is installed on the geotextile;

3)集水装置由集水袋(16)、连接口(17)、滤网(17)、进水管道(18)、蝶式单向阀(19)、进水口(20)、排水管道(21)、可控排水口(22)组成;3) The water collection device consists of a water collection bag (16), a connection port (17), a filter screen (17), a water inlet pipe (18), a butterfly check valve (19), a water inlet (20), a drainage pipe ( 21), composed of controllable drain outlet (22);

4)集水袋(16)放于集水坑(14)中,塑料薄膜(15)铺设于沉沙池(13)中,两者通过进水管道(18)相连,塑料薄膜(15)一侧的连接口为两个不同水位的接水口(17),内部装有滤网,集水袋一侧的连接口为进水口(20),安装有塑料蝶式单向阀(19),集水袋另一侧连接排水管(21),排水管外端伸出坡面,设置装有阀门的可控排水口(22),可与坡面灌溉系统相连。4) The water collection bag (16) is placed in the sump (14), the plastic film (15) is laid in the grit chamber (13), the two are connected by the water inlet pipe (18), and the plastic film (15) The connection port on the side is two water inlets (17) with different water levels, and a filter screen is installed inside. The other side of the water bag is connected with a drainage pipe (21), and the outer end of the drainage pipe stretches out from the slope, and a controllable discharge outlet (22) equipped with a valve is provided, which can be connected with the slope irrigation system.

5)集水装置说明:5) Description of the water collecting device:

生态截水沟具有一定纵向坡度,使其中的水流流向一侧的沉沙池(13);沉沙池中铺设土工布,具有防渗作用,土工布上铺设农用塑料薄膜(15),可快速、方便的清理沉积的沙土,并且可随时更换;The ecological intercepting ditch has a certain vertical gradient, so that the water flow therein flows to the grit chamber (13) on one side; the geotextile is laid in the grit chamber, which has anti-seepage effect, and the agricultural plastic film (15) is laid on the geotextile, which can quickly , It is convenient to clean up the deposited sand and soil, and it can be replaced at any time;

进水管(18)两端通过接水口(17)和进水口(20)连通沉沙池的塑料薄膜(15)和集水坑的集水袋(16),进水口稍低于接水口,便于沉沙池中的水流入集水袋;The water inlet pipe (18) two ends are connected to the plastic film (15) of the grit chamber and the water collection bag (16) of the sump through the water inlet (17) and the water inlet (20), and the water inlet is slightly lower than the water inlet, which is convenient The water in the grit chamber flows into the water collection bag;

接水口处安装滤网,方式泥沙、石头枯枝落叶堵塞进水管道;进水口处安装塑料蝶式单向阀,防止集水袋中的水逆流回沉沙池;Install a filter screen at the water inlet to prevent sediment, stones, dead branches and fallen leaves from blocking the water inlet pipe; install a plastic butterfly check valve at the water inlet to prevent the water in the water collection bag from flowing back into the sedimentation tank;

根据不同汇水量设置两个进水通道(18),有效调节水位,避免单条管道淤积堵塞;集水坑(14)深度深于沉沙池(13);Two water inlet channels (18) are set according to different catchment volumes to effectively adjust the water level and avoid silting and blockage of a single pipeline; the depth of the sump (14) is deeper than that of the sedimentation tank (13);

集水袋另一侧连接排水管(21),排水管另一端伸出坡面,排水口为装有开关阀门的可控排水口(22),与坡面灌溉系统相连;The other side of the water collection bag is connected to the drainage pipe (21), and the other end of the drainage pipe extends out of the slope, and the drainage outlet is a controllable drainage outlet (22) equipped with an on-off valve, which is connected with the slope irrigation system;

集水装置中每个部件均可自由拆卸,以便某个部件出现损坏时可随时更换。Each part in the water collecting device can be disassembled freely, so that it can be replaced at any time when a part is damaged.

3、制备土壤改良剂,将其与异地客土混合后作为改良种植土,填充于种植穴、生态袋与生态毯中,用于边坡修复。3. Prepare soil improver, mix it with foreign soil and use it as improved planting soil, fill it in planting holes, ecological bags and ecological blankets, and use it for slope restoration.

土壤改良剂由保水剂、复合微生物菌肥组成,每立方原状表土或异地客土添加80g保水剂,500g复合微生物菌肥。The soil improver is composed of water-retaining agent and compound microbial fertilizer. Add 80g of water-retaining agent and 500g of compound microbial fertilizer per cubic meter of undisturbed topsoil or foreign soil.

4、针对本发明中的坡面整理方法进行植被配置,每一级坡面上铺设的生态袋和生态毯中添加植物种子选择为灌草类,每一级台阶平台上种植穴内种植乔灌木混交,林下撒播混合草籽。4. Carry out vegetation configuration aiming at the method of slope finishing in the present invention, add plant seeds in the ecological bags and ecological blankets laid on each level of slope and select shrubs and grasses, and plant trees and shrubs in the planting holes on the step platform of each level. , sowing mixed grass seeds under the forest.

植被选择适于干旱区生长的树种,草本为苜蓿、沙打旺、黑麦草、冷蒿、披碱草、高羊茅,灌木选择小叶锦鸡儿、柠条、沙棘、沙地柏,乔木选择樟子松、串杨、榆树、旱柳。For vegetation, choose tree species suitable for growth in arid areas. Herbs are alfalfa, sandavan, ryegrass, Artemisia annua, Elymus, tall fescue; shrubs choose Caragana microphylla, caragana, seabuckthorn, sand cypress; trees choose camphor Son pine, bunch poplar, elm, dry willow.

本发明与现有技术相比有以下不同:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following differences:

1)本发明首次系统的提出一套完善的干旱区矿山边坡生态修复技术,将坡面防护、雨洪利用、土壤改良、植被配置四方面相搭配结合,全面系统的改善边坡立地条件,修复效果明显高于其他边坡修复技术;1) For the first time, the present invention systematically proposes a complete set of ecological restoration technology for mine slopes in arid areas, which combines slope protection, rainwater utilization, soil improvement, and vegetation configuration to comprehensively and systematically improve slope site conditions, The repair effect is obviously higher than other slope repair techniques;

2)本发明提出的坡面整理方法将工程措施和生物措施相结合,生态袋护坡脚,生态毯护坡,柔性强,适用于各种地形复杂的边坡,相对于传统边坡修复技术,避免人为硬化的同时具有良好的防护作用,快速恢复植被,达到纯自然生态修复效果;2) The slope finishing method proposed by the present invention combines engineering measures and biological measures, ecological bag slope protection foot, ecological blanket slope protection, strong flexibility, suitable for slopes with complex terrains, and compared with traditional slope repair techniques, avoids Artificial hardening has a good protective effect at the same time, and the vegetation can be quickly restored to achieve a purely natural ecological restoration effect;

3)本发明创新性的提出一种坡面集水装置,材料易得,组装简单,能有效的收集并存储坡面径流,减少坡面冲刷,为旱季灌溉提供水源,解决干旱区矿山修复缺水问题,实现雨洪合理利用;3) The present invention innovatively proposes a slope water collection device with easy-to-obtain materials and simple assembly, which can effectively collect and store slope runoff, reduce slope erosion, provide water sources for irrigation in dry seasons, and solve the problem of mine restoration in arid areas. Water problems, to achieve rational utilization of rainwater;

4)本发明将保水剂与复合微生物菌肥结合用于干旱区边坡修复,共同改善土壤水分养分条件,提高土壤活性,二者相互作用促进彼此发挥更大效果,与相应植被配置相结合;4) The present invention combines the water-retaining agent and the compound microbial fertilizer for slope restoration in arid areas, jointly improving soil moisture and nutrient conditions, increasing soil activity, and the interaction between the two promotes each other to exert a greater effect, and is combined with the corresponding vegetation configuration;

5)本发明对提出的坡面整理措施筛选相应的植被,进行植被配置,避免种植配置不当而产生的出苗率底、成活率的问题。5) The present invention screens the corresponding vegetation for the proposed slope finishing measures, and performs vegetation configuration to avoid the problems of low seedling emergence rate and survival rate caused by improper planting configuration.

应用本发明的技术经济分析:Apply the technical economic analysis of the present invention:

(1)技术指标:(1) Technical indicators:

1)增加坡面稳定性;1) Increase slope stability;

2)改善土壤水分、养分条件,提高土壤活性;2) Improve soil moisture and nutrient conditions, and increase soil activity;

3)汇集存贮地表径流,提供水源,改善边坡水分条件;3) Collect and store surface runoff, provide water sources, and improve slope moisture conditions;

4)提高植被出苗率、发芽率、成活率,快速恢复自然植被状态。4) Improve the emergence rate, germination rate and survival rate of vegetation, and quickly restore the natural vegetation state.

(2)经济指标:(2) Economic indicators:

1)减少矿山修复的管理养护成本;1) Reduce the management and maintenance cost of mine restoration;

2)减少干旱区矿山边坡生态修复灌溉成本;2) Reduce irrigation costs for ecological restoration of mine slopes in arid areas;

3)减少边坡生态修复中因出苗率底、死亡率高造成的植被补植等成本。3) Reduce the cost of vegetation replanting caused by low emergence rate and high mortality in slope ecological restoration.

4)集水装置原料易得,组装简单,减少修建蓄水设施的成本。4) The raw materials of the water collection device are easy to obtain, the assembly is simple, and the cost of building water storage facilities is reduced.

以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person familiar with the technical field can easily conceive of changes or changes within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention. Replacement should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (5)

1.一种适用于干旱区矿山生态修复边坡植被快速恢复方法,其特征在于,包括以下四部分:坡面防护方法、设置集水装置、进行土壤改良、进行植被配置;1. A method for rapid recovery of slope vegetation applicable to ecological restoration of mines in arid areas, characterized in that it comprises the following four parts: slope protection method, water collection device is set, soil improvement, and vegetation configuration; 所述的坡面防护方法包括:The slope protection methods described include: 对坡度大于35°、坡长大于10m的边坡进行台阶式削坡,坡面与平台均覆土20-30cm,每一级坡面长8-10m,坡面坡脚处铺设6-10层生态袋,上方铺设生态毯,每一级台阶平台宽度为2-3米,平台上开挖种植穴,平台靠坡脚内侧开设截水沟;For slopes with a slope greater than 35° and a slope length greater than 10m, carry out stepped slope cutting. The slope surface and the platform are covered with 20-30cm of soil, each level of slope is 8-10m long, and 6-10 layers of ecological Ecological blankets are laid on the top, and the width of each step platform is 2-3 meters. Planting holes are excavated on the platform, and a water interception ditch is set up on the inner side of the platform near the foot of the slope; 所述设置集水装置包括:The set water collection device includes: 沿所述截水沟每隔20-30m开挖沉沙池和集水坑,并安装集水装置,所述集水装置包括集水袋、连接口、滤网、进水管道、蝶式单向阀、进水口、可控排水口、排水管道;Excavate sedimentation tanks and sumps every 20-30m along the intercepting ditch, and install water collecting devices, which include water collecting bags, connection ports, filter screens, water inlet pipes, butterfly single Directional valves, water inlets, controllable drains, and drain pipes; 所述进行土壤改良包括:Said carrying out soil improvement includes: 制备土壤改良剂,将其与异地客土混合后作为改良种植土,填充于种植穴、生态袋与生态毯中,用于边坡修复;Prepare a soil improver, mix it with foreign soil and use it as improved planting soil, fill it in planting holes, ecological bags and ecological blankets, and use it for slope restoration; 所述进行植被配置包括:The vegetation configuration includes: 每一级坡面上铺设的生态袋和生态毯中添加植物种子选择为灌草类,每一级台阶平台上种植穴内种植乔灌木混交,林下撒播混合草籽。The plant seeds added to the ecological bags and ecological blankets laid on the slopes of each level are selected as shrubs and grasses, and the mixed trees and shrubs are planted in the planting holes on the step platform of each level, and the mixed grass seeds are sowed under the forest. 2.根据权利要求1所述的适用于干旱区矿山生态修复边坡植被快速恢复方法,其特征在于,所述的坡面防护方法中:2. according to claim 1, be applicable to the rapid restoration method of slope vegetation in arid area mine ecological restoration, it is characterized in that, in described slope protection method: 所述种植穴直径60-80cm、深50-60cm、穴间距为2-3米;The planting holes have a diameter of 60-80cm, a depth of 50-60cm, and a hole spacing of 2-3 meters; 所述截水沟为生态截水沟,断面为梯形,尺寸为上底宽0.60m、下底宽0.30m、深度:0.30m、纵向坡度为1.5%,内侧铺设土工布,土工布之上铺设生态袋。The intercepting ditch is an ecological intercepting ditch with a trapezoidal cross-section, the upper bottom width is 0.60m, the lower bottom width is 0.30m, the depth is 0.30m, and the longitudinal slope is 1.5%. Eco bags. 3.根据权利要求1所述的适用于干旱区矿山生态修复边坡植被快速恢复方法,其特征在于,所述设置集水装置中:3. according to claim 1, be applicable to the rapid restoration method of slope vegetation in arid area mine ecological restoration, it is characterized in that, in the described water collecting device: 所述沉沙池尺寸:长×宽×深=1.2m×1m×0.5m,沉沙池内侧铺设土工布,土工布之上铺设农用塑料薄膜,厚度为0.02mm;The size of the grit chamber: length * width * depth = 1.2m * 1m * 0.5m, the inside of the grit chamber is laid with geotextiles, and above the geotextiles is laid an agricultural plastic film with a thickness of 0.02mm; 所述集水坑尺寸:长×宽×深=2m×1.5m×0.8m,集水坑内侧铺设土工布,土工布之上安装集水袋;The size of the sump: length × width × depth = 2m × 1.5m × 0.8m, the inside of the sump is laid with a geotextile, and a water collection bag is installed on the geotextile; 所述集水袋放于集水坑中,塑料薄膜铺设于沉沙池中,两者通过进水管道相连,塑料薄膜一侧的连接口为为两个不同水位的接水口,内部装有滤网,集水袋一侧的接口为进水口,进水口处安装有塑料蝶式单向阀,集水袋另一侧连接排水管,外端为装有阀门的可控排水口与坡面灌溉系统相连。The water collection bag is placed in the sump, the plastic film is laid in the grit chamber, and the two are connected through the water inlet pipe. The interface on one side of the water collection bag is the water inlet, and a plastic butterfly check valve is installed at the water inlet. The other side of the water collection bag is connected to the drain pipe. The system is connected. 4.根据权利要求1所述的适用于干旱区矿山生态修复边坡植被快速恢复方法,其特征在于,所述进行土壤改良中:4. according to claim 1, be applicable to the rapid restoration method of slope vegetation in arid area mine ecological restoration, it is characterized in that, in described carrying out soil improvement: 所述土壤改良剂由保水剂、复合微生物菌肥组成,每立方原状表土或异地客土添加80g保水剂,500g复合微生物菌肥。The soil improver is composed of a water-retaining agent and a compound microbial fertilizer, and 80 g of the water-retaining agent and 500 g of the compound microbial fertilizer are added to each cubic meter of undisturbed topsoil or exotic soil. 5.根据权利要求1所述的适用于干旱区矿山生态修复边坡植被快速恢复方法,其特征在于,所述进行植被配置中:5. according to claim 1, be applicable to the rapid restoration method of slope vegetation in arid area mine ecological restoration, it is characterized in that, in the described vegetation configuration: 植被选择适于干旱区生长的树种,草本为苜蓿、沙打旺、黑麦草、冷蒿、披碱草、高羊茅,灌木选择小叶锦鸡儿、柠条、沙棘、沙地柏,乔木选择樟子松、串杨、榆树、旱柳。For vegetation, choose tree species suitable for growth in arid areas. Herbs are alfalfa, sandavan, ryegrass, Artemisia annua, Elymus, tall fescue; shrubs choose Caragana microphylla, caragana, seabuckthorn, sand cypress; trees choose camphor Son pine, bunch poplar, elm, dry willow.
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