CN106269851A - Utilize the method that Populus hopeiensis repairs arid biogeographic zone heavy metal cadmium soil - Google Patents
Utilize the method that Populus hopeiensis repairs arid biogeographic zone heavy metal cadmium soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN106269851A CN106269851A CN201610893104.9A CN201610893104A CN106269851A CN 106269851 A CN106269851 A CN 106269851A CN 201610893104 A CN201610893104 A CN 201610893104A CN 106269851 A CN106269851 A CN 106269851A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of method utilizing Populus hopeiensis to repair arid biogeographic zone heavy metal cadmium soil, the method refers to first plant annual Populus hopeiensis seedling, structure Populus hopeiensis artificial forest system according to the seeding row spacing of 2 × 2 m on arid biogeographic zone heavy metal cadmium soil；Then according to conventional method carries out daily management, and the litter is collected and manages；Finally, felling after described Populus hopeiensis grows into 10 years, period carries out the directive breeding of root turion woods simultaneously；Described arid biogeographic zone heavy metal cadmium soil refers to that loess is its soil parent material, and height above sea level is not higher than 0.1% between 900 ~ 1300 m, salt content.The present invention can bring economic benefit, has the ecological environment function preventing water and soil flowing water and biological sequestration concurrently simultaneously, is advantageous to the reparation of arid biogeographic zone heavy metal cadmium soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the phytoremediation technology of contaminated soil, particularly relate to utilize Populus hopeiensis to repair arid biogeographic zone heavy metal cadmium
The method of contaminated soil.
Background technology
According to up-to-date " whole nation Soil Pollution Investigation publication " display, the total exceeding standard rate of China's soil is 16.1%, ploughs
Soil point position exceeding standard rate is 19.4%, pollutes based on inorganic type, and cadmium (Cd) is primary pollutant, and its some position exceeding standard rate is 7.0%.
But, Cd the most still inputs in agricultural land soil with the speed of annual 0.004 mg/kg, and Cd mobility in soil is wanted in addition
Far above other heavy metals, even if thus also bringing along serious human body and animal health risk under extremely low content.
For heavy metal pollution farmland, continue plantation and can threaten the safety of agricultural product.If it is the most no longer cultivated, in soil
Heavy metal can bring secondary pollution with wind erosion, water erosion effect, the most also can threaten the arable land red line of 1,800,000,000 mu of China.If comprehensively
Ground is repaired, and owing to the research and development of China's agricultural land soil recovery technique remain in laboratory at present, only has in indivedual areas
" demonstration project ", also cannot large-area promote.Heavy metal pollution serious threat already is pacified to the grain security of China with food
Entirely.The applicable zones of different heavy metal pollution farmland prevention and control of research and development are that current agricultural environmental science urgently solves with the technology of reparation
Difficult point certainly and hot issue.
Nonirrigated farmland area accounts for the 41% of Global land area, but supports the population accounting for the whole world 38%.Owing to arid biogeographic zone has rich
Rich mineral resources, during exploitation of mineral resources, the deposition of particulate matter, trade waste and the accumulation of mine tailing and waste water
Irrigation etc. result in limited the tilling the land of arid biogeographic zone and currently suffered from the pollution of heavy metal.But at Background of Global Warming
Under, the wind erosion changing aggravation of Precipitation pattern and water erosion effect also will constantly expand the area of contaminatedground.Based on arid biogeographic zone
The climate characteristic of dry and rainless and the strong feature of contaminated Index of Heavy Metal Toxicity in Soil, drought-enduring, alkaline-resisting, impoverishment tolerant, heavy metal
The plant that stress tolerance is high and heavy metal accumulation ability is strong is needed for arid biogeographic zone heavy-metal contaminated soil is repaired and utilized
Desirable plants.Willow, as a kind of important bioenergy class plant, its drought resisting, Salt And Alkali Tolerance, all has at China's the South and the North simultaneously
Distribution, its kind of number up to more than 100 kind, thus therefrom can filter out the ideal being suitable for repairing arid biogeographic zone heavy metal Cd contaminated soil
Indigenous plant.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to provide a kind of can bring again the utilization of economic benefit by rehabilitating soil
Populus hopeiensis repairs the method for arid biogeographic zone heavy metal cadmium soil.
For solving the problems referred to above, the side utilizing Populus hopeiensis to repair arid biogeographic zone heavy metal cadmium soil of the present invention
Method, it is characterised in that: the method refer to first on arid biogeographic zone heavy metal cadmium soil according to 2 × 2 m seeding row spacing plant
Annual Populus hopeiensis seedling, builds Populus hopeiensis artificial forest system；Then according to conventional method carries out daily management, and to the litter
It is collected and manages；Finally, felling after described Populus hopeiensis grows into 10 years, period carries out the orientation of root turion woods simultaneously
Cultivate；Described arid biogeographic zone heavy metal cadmium soil refers to that loess is its soil parent material, and height above sea level contains between 900 ~ 1300 m, salinity
Amount not higher than 0.1%.
The present invention compared with prior art has the advantage that
1, rehabilitation plant Populus hopeiensis of the present invention is mainly distributed on middle Yellow River regions, it is possible at High aititude and high salinity
Normal growth on soil, especially at Schattenseite, the half wet beach in Schattenseite middle and lower part and slide rock loess mild slope well-grown, because of
This its is the excellent indigenous plant repairing Loess Plateau Region heavy-metal contaminated soil.
2, rehabilitation plant Populus hopeiensis of the present invention belongs to arbor, and root has the strongest tillering ability.At Populus hopeiensis
During artificial forest repairs Establishing, root turion woods directive breeding can be carried out, reduce and often take turns Populus hopeiensis clear felling after reparation expires
Again the Financial cost that plantation seedling brings, is greatly improved Populus hopeiensis artificial forest and repairs the marginal benefit of system.
3, the present invention is set up Populus hopeiensis artificial forest repairs system in addition to repairing the soil of polluted by heavy metal cadmium,
Can also the most also have concurrently prevent erosion and the ecological environment function of biological sequestration as Timber stands safe utilization.
Detailed description of the invention
Utilizing the method that Populus hopeiensis repairs arid biogeographic zone heavy metal cadmium soil, the method refers to first at an arid biogeographic zone huge sum of money
Belong to and plant annual Populus hopeiensis seedling, structure Populus hopeiensis artificial forest system according to the seeding row spacing of 2 × 2 m on cadmium pollution soil；So
After conventionally carry out applying fertilizer, the daily management such as irrigation, and the litter is collected and manages；Finally, Populus hopeiensis is worked as
Felling after growing into 10 years, period carries out the directive breeding of root turion woods simultaneously.
Wherein: arid biogeographic zone heavy metal cadmium soil refers to that loess is its soil parent material, and height above sea level is between 900 ~ 1300 m, salt
Content is divided to be not higher than 0.1%.
Application example 1 test site is positioned at the upstream area of east, Baiyin City, gansu Province In Dagou Basin.East major groove originates from white
Baiyin's Deep Copper Mine of silver northwest, urban district about 13 km, from north orientation south through east side, urban district, Baiyin City, through Hao Jiachuan, Liang Jia
Kiln, in remittance the Yellow River, Si Long town, Baiyin District, total length about 38 km.Mainly summarize belonging to silver Nonferrous Metals Group joint-stock company
More than 20 families such as deep mining company, the 3rd smeltery, Northwest Lead Zinc smeltery, copper smelting plant and silver photochemistry industrial group are big
The industrial wastewater of medium-sized and small enterprises, and eastern city, urban district sanitary sewage.Since the 60's of eighties of last century, based on locality
The weather conditions of drought, the sewage in major groove farmland along the line, east is commonly used tidal channel irrigates, and dirty fills history
Up to 40 years, just stop dirty filling the beginning of this century.According to estimates, east major groove is reached 1330 public affairs by the farmland area of heavy metal pollution along the line
Hectare, wherein the ratio in heavily contaminated farmland is about 1/3rd.
Test plot belongs to slide rock Loess soil slope field, and plantation forefathers are smooth for having carried out.Populus hopeiensis artificial forest planting density is 2
× 2 m, belong to afforestation.The sewage of this sample ground unreferenced east major groove is irrigated, and supports type Poplar Plantation for rain.Cause
This, the pollution of this sample ground soil is mainly by caused by atmospheric falling dust, and its Main Function is to prevent erosion, beautify the environment.
The method using stochastical sampling, gathers the Populus hopeiensis of sample ground grown on soil according to the age of tree.According to the age of tree by Hebei
Poplar is divided into 5 years, 10 years and 15 years three classes, utilizes root to be drilled in distance trunk 1 m radius herborization root district soil at optional 3
Earth, gathers the litter simultaneously.Utilize arboreal growth cone to gather the trunk at the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, be classified as trunk xylem and phloem.
All soil and plant sample are taken back laboratory process and analyze.
(1) the Poplar Plantation system impact (seeing table 1) on wasteland soil property:
The soil physico-chemical property of table 1 wasteland Populus hopeiensis artificial forest system
It will be seen that Populus hopeiensis artificial forest system is the most notable on the impact of soil pH from table 1.Although little point of poplar root district
The secretions such as sub-organic acid are proved the pH that can reduce root region soil, but this sample ground is positioned at China Loess Plateau Region, soil meta-alkali
Property, there is high buffer capacity to acid and alkali, therefore the plantation of willow can't change the Acidity of Aikalinity of arid soil.Soil conductivity
What rate (EC) characterized is the height of soil salt content, owing to the growth generation of plant is coerced by salt branch, thus high salinity bar
Under part, plant cannot normal growth.The EC of test plot bare area soil is up to 2685 mS/cm, but Populus hopeiensis is proved tool
There is certain salt tolerance, the salinity soil less than 0.1% has no decline or dead.Meanwhile, along with the increasing of the Populus hopeiensis age of tree
Adding, it can also effectively reduce the salt content in root region soil.From the point of view of specifically, life in 5 years, life in 10 years and the Populus hopeiensis root of life in 15 years
The EC of district's soil relatively bare area soil have dropped 25.36%, 23.80% and 23.20% respectively.
DOC is dissolved organic carbon, and it is the important component part of active organic carbon in soil, and itself can be in soil
Migrating, it can form metal DOC complex with heavy metal, and then improves heavy metal mobility in soil and biology
Effectiveness.Exogenous DOC is mainly derived from the decomposition of the litter and the input of secretions from plant roots.In arid biogeographic zone the litter
Decomposition rate is the slowest, the therefore main source being decomposed into exogenous DOC of root exudates.From table 1 it follows that
The increase of the age of tree can improve the content of DOC, but its increasing degree is slowing down along with the increase of the age of tree.From the point of view of specifically, 10 years
Raw and life in 15 years Populus hopeiensis adds 21.37% and 28.24% respectively compared to its DOC total amount of life in 5 years, and average annual DOC increases
Rate is then only 4.23% and 2.82%.Compared with bare area soil, under Populus hopeiensis artificial forest system, the net change of DOC total amount was in 15 years
In trophophase but be reduce, the range of decrease life in 5 years be up to 50.38%, life in 10 years for 39.77%, life in 15 years for 36.36%.Can
Seeing, on the soil of wasteland, the input of the exogenous DOC of Populus hopeiensis artificial forest system can induce the notable fall of the intrinsic DOC of soil on the contrary
Low.
(2) the Poplar Plantation system repair mechanism (seeing table 2) to Cd:
On the artificial forest soil of table 2 wasteland, Cd is in the assigned characteristics of each organ of Populus hopeiensis
The content of wasteland soil Cd is as shown in table 2, it can be seen that the soil Cd content of this test plot is in China's soil environment matter
In the range of the secondary standard of amount standard (GB 15618-1995), its pollution level is relatively light, shows that it pollutes really for atmospheric falling dust institute
Cause.From the point of view of the absorption to Cd of the Populus hopeiensis Different Organs, Cd shows as the litter (leaves) in the distribution of Different Organs > bark
> order of trunk xylem.Have accumulated more Cd in leaves, it can be considered a kind of important way of willow toxin expelling.Due to river
North Populus is in perennial deciduous tree, and the Cd being accumulated in leaves eventually returns to topsoil again with the form of the litter
Earth.Therefore, use Populus hopeiensis artificial forest repair system repair arid biogeographic zone Cd contaminated soil time should strengthen the collection to the litter with
Management.The Cd entering willow root can migrate to willow overground part under the pulling of transpiration along with xylem sap stream, Cd
Flow process can be distributed to phloem by diffusion radially, thus be also accumulated from more in the middle of the bark of Populus hopeiensis
Cd.By contrast, the content as the xylem Cd of Cd transport channel is the most relatively low, and this ensure that Populus hopeiensis is as reparation on the contrary
The safe utilization of its Timber stands is not affected while plant.On the whole, Populus hopeiensis has extremely strong repair ability to Cd, with 5
Year raw comparing, in the Populus hopeiensis root region soil of life in 10 years and life in 15 years, the content of Cd have dropped 25.42% and 38.98% respectively,
Average annual clearance is 5.08% and 3.90%.
(3) the Poplar Plantation system enrichment characteristics (seeing table 3) to Cd:
On the artificial forest soil of table 3 wasteland, Cd is in the enrichment characteristics of each organ of Populus hopeiensis
From the point of view of from table 3, Populus hopeiensis Different Organs is to the bio-concentration factor of Cd, the BCF value of trunk xylem is less than 1, this
On the one hand the accumulation of explanation xylem is not the main mechanism that Populus hopeiensis repairs Cd, on the other hand reflects yet and utilizes Populus hopeiensis reparation
Arid biogeographic zone Cd contaminated soil has no effect on its Subsequent secure recycling.On the contrary, bark and the litter have high enrichment to Cd
Ability, shows that Populus hopeiensis has the strongest extraction repair ability to Cd.It addition, the BCF value the most up to 40 that the litter is to Cd, reach
Arrive the feature of super enriching plant.Owing to can again discharge Cd after Decomposition of leaf litter, repair Cd hence with Populus hopeiensis and pollute
Soil must strengthen the collection to the litter and management, prevents it from again returning Cd and owing to eating by mistake of animal is brought to soil
Health risk.On Cd slight pollution soil, the comprehensive Different Organs accumulation ability to Cd, Cd is had by the Populus hopeiensis of life in 10 years
There is higher reparation potential.
Application example 2 test site is positioned at the In The Middle Reaches of east, Baiyin City, gansu Province In Dagou Basin, and this next-door neighbour east, sample ground is big
Ditch, has the history of long-term sewage irrigation.Belonging to farmland, the soil texture is sandy soil sample.The maximum diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of Populus hopeiensis is 24
Cm, owing to Populus hopeiensis has the strongest root tillering ability, therefore this Populus hopeiensis artificial forest belongs to tiller raw woods system, artificial forest initial stage
Planting density is 2 × 2 m, and tiller raw woods density is 1 × 1 m.According to the age of tree, Populus hopeiensis is divided into 7 years, 10 years, 13 years and 23 years
Four classes, utilize root to be drilled in distance trunk 1 m radius herborization root region soil at optional 3.Arboreal growth cone is utilized to gather breast
Trunk at footpath, is classified as trunk xylem and phloem.All soil and plant sample are taken back laboratory process
And analysis.
(1) the Poplar Plantation system impact (seeing table 4) on agricultural land soil character:
The impact on agricultural land soil character of the table 4 Populus hopeiensis artificial forest system
It is as shown in table 4 on the impact of agricultural land soil nature that heavy metal Cd polluted agricultural land turns Populus hopeiensis artificial forest system.Due to
Test plot is located in Loess Plateau Region, soil meta-alkalescence, has the strongest buffer capacity to acid and alkali.It will be seen that the different age of trees
Without significant difference between the pH of Populus hopeiensis root region soil, i.e. the Acidity of Aikalinity of agricultural land soil will not be produced by Populus hopeiensis artificial forest system
Impact.On the contrary, Populus hopeiensis artificial forest can significantly reduce the salt content of soil, although Populus hopeiensis itself has certain resistance to
Salt.From the point of view of specifically, have dropped respectively of the EC value of the Populus hopeiensis root region soil of life in 10 years, life in 13 years and life in 23 years relatively life in 7 years
10.03%, 10.99% and 11.16%.
Different from wasteland soil, farmland can significantly improve the DOC content of agricultural land soil after turning Poplar Plantation, its reason is
The litter capacity of decomposition in agricultural land soil is better than wasteland soil, when willow leaves is with the form landing earth's surface of the litter
After, quickly decompose and can provide more active organic carbon for agricultural land soil.It will be seen that farmland Poplar Plantation plant roots
The DOC content in district is intended to be significantly higher than wasteland soil, and along with age of tree increase DOC is also in the trend being gradually increased, wherein 23 years
The raw Populus hopeiensis content compared with its root region soil DOC of life in 7 years adds 32.24%.But, compared to the Populus hopeiensis of life in 7 years,
The average growth rate per annum of DOC is not but to increase with the age of tree, and the wherein maximum of life in 10 years, is 8.6%, life in 13 years and life in 23 years
It is only 1.08% and 2.02% the most respectively.Its possible reason is that the decomposition of the litter can be brought suppression by the Cd that the litter discharges
Effect.
(2) the Poplar Plantation system repair mechanism (seeing table 5) to Cd:
As can be seen from Table 5, the content of Populus hopeiensis root region soil Cd presents with the increase of the age of tree and first reduces becoming of increasing afterwards
Gesture.From the point of view of specifically, compared with the Populus hopeiensis of life in 7 years, its root region soil Cd content of life in 10 years have dropped 18%；On the contrary, life in 13 years
With life in 23 years add 21% and 23% the most respectively.
On the artificial forest soil of table 5 farmland, Cd is in the assigned characteristics of each organ of Populus hopeiensis
When the age of tree was more than 10 years, the phenomenon that Populus hopeiensis root region soil Cd content goes up not down and Cd willow Different Organs point
Join closely related.In other words, the difference that Cd is absorbed between the release return effect of removal effect and the litter by Populus hopeiensis exists
The age of tree is negative after being more than 10 years.Therefore, when utilizing Populus hopeiensis to repair arid biogeographic zone Cd contaminated soil, the age of tree was no more than 10 years.To the greatest extent
Cd content in pipe trunk xylem and bark is as the increase of the age of tree and increases (table 5), but this is not the master of Populus hopeiensis
Want repair mechanism, because the enrichment of leaf is significantly larger than other organ.Visible, utilize Populus hopeiensis artificial forest system to repair Cd dirty
Dye soil must strengthen the collection to the litter and management.
(3) the Poplar Plantation system enrichment characteristics (seeing table 6) to Cd:
On the artificial forest soil of table 6 farmland, Cd is in the enrichment characteristics of each organ of Populus hopeiensis
On agricultural land soil, Populus hopeiensis is as shown in table 6 to the enrichment characteristics of Cd.Owing to the canopy density of the raw woods of tiller are relatively big, density is less,
Therefore it is difficult to distinguish the ownership of the litter, Gu do not gather the litter.From the point of view of the enrichment characteristics of trunk and bark, it is still that bark
There is higher enrichment characteristics, and on the soil of Cd heavy contamination, its BCF value is all greater than 1, shows that Populus hopeiensis is the most right
Cd has the strongest repair ability.It addition, the BCF value of trunk xylem Cd is all less than 1, this shows that Cd is at trunk xylem
Distribution be not the main repair mechanism of Populus hopeiensis, but relatively low Cd enrichment can be that willow completes the safety after repairing purpose the most sharp
With providing safeguard.From the point of view of BCF value is with the change of the age of tree, the change of BCF value has a peak value to be occurred.Important enrichment with Cd
From the point of view of the bark of position, the Populus hopeiensis of 10 years and 13 years has higher accumulation ability to Cd, but combines plant roots district Cd content
Situation of change, within 10 years, should be that Populus hopeiensis artificial forest repairs arid biogeographic zone Cd contaminated soil optimal felling time limit.
Claims (1)
1. utilize the method that Populus hopeiensis repairs arid biogeographic zone heavy metal cadmium soil, it is characterised in that: the method refers to first exist
On arid biogeographic zone heavy metal cadmium soil, the seeding row spacing according to 2 × 2 m plants annual Populus hopeiensis seedling, builds Populus hopeiensis artificial
Woods system；Then according to conventional method carries out daily management, and the litter is collected and manages；Finally, when described Hebei
Poplar is felled after growing into 10 years, and period carries out the directive breeding of root turion woods simultaneously；Described arid biogeographic zone heavy metal cadmium soil
Earth refers to that loess is its soil parent material, and height above sea level is not higher than 0.1% between 900 ~ 1300 m, salt content.
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| CN106825008A (en) * | 2017-02-07 | 2017-06-13 | 兰州大学 | The elm in the calcareous farmland of heavy metal cadmium serious pollution fixes restorative procedure |
| CN106914480A (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2017-07-04 | 南京大学 | A kind of method for combining green plants restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal |
| CN110252802A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-09-20 | 云南大学 | A method of promoting phytoremediation heavy metal polluted soil in mine field |
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Application publication date: 20170104 |