CN107347402A - A kind of ecological restoring method of highly acid Disused tailing land - Google Patents
A kind of ecological restoring method of highly acid Disused tailing land Download PDFInfo
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- CN107347402A CN107347402A CN201710560683.XA CN201710560683A CN107347402A CN 107347402 A CN107347402 A CN 107347402A CN 201710560683 A CN201710560683 A CN 201710560683A CN 107347402 A CN107347402 A CN 107347402A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G1/00—Mixtures of fertilisers belonging individually to different subclasses of C05
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of ecological restoring method of highly acid Disused tailing land, its step is the neutralization slag that covering comes from metallic ore environment-friendly disposal system after levelling of the land is cleared up, composite fertilizer, organic fertilizer and artificial soil are added on toward coating to increase coating fertility, screen resistance to suitable plant and carry out nursery, by way of grass fills Qiao Lianhe reparations, plant by stages, first sow grass-seed, tall, filling nutrient bag seedling is planted after grass-seed germination and carries out tending management.The present invention will creatively neutralize slag and is covered in as " soil moved in improve the original " on test site, the treatment of wastes with processes of wastes against one another, plays stabilizing heavy metal ion, reduces effect caused by acidic mine waste water.By progressively establishing artificial vegetation group, natural, ecological succession is realized, the generation of acidic mine waste water is reduced or even completely cut off from source, saves neutralization expense, a set of stabilization, safety, the vegetation ecosystem from maintenance are established on the ground in highly acid tailing waste.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ecological reestablishment, more particularly to a kind of ecological restoring method of highly acid Disused tailing land.
Background technology
Mining activity causes the discharge and stockpiling of a large amount of hillocks, not only breaks up and occupy substantial amounts of land resource, and
And because various types of metal sulfides are all contained on the stratum of most of nonferrous metals ore, these metal sulfides are lived in mining
Aoxidized in dynamic with air contact and produce sulfuric acid, and extreme acid condition can aggravate the dissolution and murder by poisoning of heavy metal ion.Therefore,
Disused tailing land soil has certain particularity, and its physicochemical property has bigger difference with normal soil, typically shows extreme
Acid condition (pH ＜ 3.0), heavy metal pollution serious (Cu, Pb, As, Cd etc. are exceeded serious), nutrient be deficient, soil is protected
Water fertilizer-preserving ability is poor, severe water and soil erosion, is unfavorable for the growth of plant.Meanwhile Disused tailing land is also a potential threat,
Surrounding enviroment are threatened, endanger human health, hinder the sustainable development of mining industry.
At present, the administering method of highly acid Disused tailing land mainly has：Physics and chemistry repairing method and biological restoration.Physics and chemistry reparation
Method includes：Heavy metal pollution of soil, the elution precipitation method, electronic chemical method, magnetization method and agriculture chemistry control method, the above method all exist respective
The advantages of, but have that quantities is big, cost is high, secondary pollution problems, it should be selected according to actual conditions.It is biological prosthetic
Have：Phytoremediation and microorganism remediation.Microorganism remediation has certain limitation, has to some organic polluted soil reparations
Effect, is not suitable for highly acid Disused tailing land.Phytoremediation be exactly using plant be resistant to heavy metallic poison, can super enrichment certain
Or the characteristics of some heavy metals, comes pollutant in rehabilitating soil, including two aspects of plant extract and plant stability.But mine tailing
Discard the highly acid, content of beary metal height, nutrient scarcity on ground etc. and usually hinder plant growth, cause it to be difficult to survive, give birth to
Object amount is low, plant is short and small, slow-growing.
Therefore, for highly acid Disused tailing land, seek it is a kind of be easily achieved, be quick, the reparation that effect is good, cost is low
Method is significant to realize the coordinated development of environmental protection and mining industry.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of ecological restoring method of highly acid Disused tailing land, i.e., " neutralize slag covering+
Plant tolerant plant ", it will creatively neutralize slag and be covered in tailing waste on the ground as " soil moved in improve the original ", and the treatment of wastes with processes of wastes against one another, play stabilization
Heavy metal ion, reduce effect caused by acidic mine waste water.By progressively establishing artificial vegetation group, realize that natural, ecological is drilled
Replace, the generation for even completely cutting off acidic mine waste water is reduced from source, saves neutralization expense, built on the ground in highly acid tailing waste
Found a set of stabilization, safety, the vegetation ecosystem from maintenance.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：
A kind of ecological restoring method of highly acid Disused tailing land side slope comprises the following steps：
The first step：Smooth highly acid Disused tailing land place, clear up float stone；The highly acid Disused tailing land is sulfur-bearing gold
Belonging to the Disused tailing land in mine, its soil pH ＜ 3.5, net production acid measures 20~75kg/t, the μ s/cm of electrical conductivity 500~2000, battalion
It is deficient to support element, belongs to five classes or six classes soil；
Second step：The neutralization slag of 10~50cm thickness is covered on toward place, and somewhat compacting forms coating；The neutralization
Slag is derived from the neutralization slag of the metallic ore environment-friendly disposal system, and its pH value is 8.0~10.0, and moisture content is 50%~60%, gypsum
Content is 20%~30%, and the content of free calcium oxide is 1%~5%；
3rd step：A certain amount of composite fertilizer, organic fertilizer and artificial soil are added on toward coating, and is well mixed；Composite fertilizer
Dosage is 0.3~0.5kg/m2, Rate of Organic Fertilizer is 5~10kg/m2, artificial soil addition is 15~20kg/m2；
4th step：Resistance to suitable arbor, shrub and herbaceous plant are screened, field headquarters is entered to the resistance to suitable plant of arbor, shrub filtered out
Bag nursery is supported, the resistance to suitable plant of draft includes at least one of Bermuda grass, Paspalum wettsteinii, rye grass and Caulis Miscanthis floriduli, described
The resistance to suitable plant of arbor, shrub includes at least one of locust tree, double pod Chinese scholartrees, pigeonpea, mountain Elaeocarpus decipiens and masson pine；
5th step：The grass-seed of the resistance to suitable plant of draft filtered out is sowed, the application rate of grass-seed is 0.02~0.06kg/m2,
And heat and moisture preserving material is covered with, treat that grass seeds growth is vigorous after 15~30 days, arbor, the resistance to suitable plant of shrub are planted after place is firm
Nutrient bag seedling；
6th step：Qiao carries out appropriate watering, top dressing, desinsection, the tending management filled the gaps with seedlings after filling plantation.
Preferably, the neutralization slag cladding thickness is 10~20cm.
Preferably, the composition of the artificial soil be organic sludge 20~40%, the residual body 20~40% of plant, compost 10~
30%th, building waste 10~30%, carbon-nitrogen ratio 1:2, act on 40~60 days and forming by aerobic microbiological.
Preferably, the heat and moisture preserving material is at least one of non-woven fabrics, rice straw, weeds, wood chip.
Preferably, the seeding method of the grass-seed is program request with broadcasting sowing.
Preferably, the sulfur-bearing metal mine includes gold mine, copper mine, iron ore and Pb-Zn deposits.
Preferably, in second step, in addition to by field division be different blocks, between block artificial ditching separate to be covered
The step of cap rock draining.
Compared to prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
Play a part of suppressing refuse dump acidifying with the covering of slag in 1., fix heavy metal, plant can be preferably in
Settled down with slag.
2. producing acid wastewater in mine because the metal sulfide in hillock is oxidized, conventional method uses basic species
Matter such as lime etc. is neutralized, and is improved pH value, while the precipitation by metallic ion such as the iron in waste water is fixed in solid phase, i.e., in
In slag.Neutralizing slag must be stored up, it is necessary to take substantial amounts of land resource.It is gypsum, hydrogen-oxygen to neutralize main component in slag
Change iron and the complete lime of part unreacted, artificial soil matrix can be used as.The present invention, can be real to neutralize slag as covering material
The synthesization of existing solid waste utilizes, and mitigates the warehousing pressure for neutralizing slag Tailings Dam, has reached the purpose of " treatment of wastes with processes of wastes against one another ", ring
Border benefit, economic benefit, social benefit are notable.
3. the composite fertilizer that the present invention is added, artificial soil can be effectively reduced refuse dump Soil salinity, its buffering is improved
Ability；Soil toxicity can be reduced by adsorbing, chelating, co-precipitation fixation heavy metal simultaneously；Improve refuse dump physics knot
Structure, strengthen its retain water and nutrients ability, be that the growth of plant improves necessary nutrient.
4. the present invention is simple to operate, be easily achieved, Effect of Ecological Restoration is good, cost is low.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the process chart of the present invention.
Embodiment
Further checking elaboration is made to the technological effect of the present invention with reference to embodiment, the present invention can not be limited with this
Protection domain, example use restoration of the ecosystem step it is as shown in Figure 1.
In order to verify that this patent method repairs the feasibility of highly acid Disused tailing land, we open for certain copper ore dump
Restoration of the ecosystem research is opened up, explores the ecological restoring method for being adapted to southern highly acid Disused tailing land.
The copper ore dump is formed by the table soil, the barren rock of exploitation, poor value accumulation peeled off, and surface does not almost cover
Any vegetation, content of beary metal is high, strong toxicity；Dysplasia, nutrient are deficient；Surface temperature is high, and retention capacity of soil is poor,
Severe water and soil erosion, specific soil parameter are shown in Table 1.
Certain the copper ore dump soil parameter (10~15cm depths soil sample) of table 1
For the field condition and soil parameter of the copper ore dump, greenhouse pot culture experiment is carried out, optimization neutralizes slag
Cladding thickness, filter out tolerant plant kind.Tested by the restorations of the ecosystem on the spot of nearly 2 years, preferably control the refuse dump
Acidifying, and increase soil fertility；Plant survival rate is high, well-grown, and Effect of Ecological Restoration is preferable.
Specific implementation process includes with step：
The first step：Smooth refuse dump, clear up float stone, it is ensured that neutralize slag and combined closely with bottom surface.
Second step：Neutralize slag covering.15cm neutralization slag is covered on toward test site, and is somewhat compacted.Slag is neutralized to be derived from
The copper mine environment-friendly disposal system plate and frame filter press.The neutralization slag of covering be environment-friendly disposal system in and slag, its pH value be 8.0~
10.0, its moisture content is 50%~60%, gypsum content is 20%~30%, and the content of free calcium oxide is 1%~5%.
3rd step：Coating draining.Draining is carried out to coating, allows rainwater to discharge in order；Test site is divided into not
Same block, between block artificial ditching separate.
4th step：Increase coating fertility.A certain amount of composite fertilizer, organic fertilizer and artificial soil are added on toward coating, and
It is well mixed.Composite fertilizer's consumption is 0.3~0.5kg/m2, Rate of Organic Fertilizer is 5~10kg/m2, artificial soil addition be 15~
20kg/m2.The composition of artificial soil is organic sludge 30%, the residual body 30% of plant, compost 20%, building waste 20%, is protected as far as possible
It is 1 to demonstrate,prove carbon-nitrogen ratio:2, act on 40~60 days and forming by aerobic microbiological.
5th step：Screen resistance to suitable plant, nursery.Laboratory screening goes out suitable southern climates, the plant variety of strong stress resistance,
Mainly have：Bermuda grass (grass family herbaceos perennial), Paspalum wettsteinii (grass family herbaceos perennial), rye grass (standing grain
Undergraduate course herbaceos perennial), Caulis Miscanthis floriduli (grass family herbaceos perennial), locust tree (pulse family deciduous tree), double pod Chinese scholartree (beans
Section evergreen shrubs), pigeonpea (the perennial shrub of pulse family), mountain Elaeocarpus decipiens (Elaeocarpaceae aiphyllium), masson pine (Pinaceae aiphyllium).
Nutritional bag is carried out to the resistance to suitable plant filtered out.
6th step：Grass fills Qiao Lianhe and repaired, and plants by stages.Grass-seed is sowed by program request and in the way of broadcasting sowing, grass-seed is broadcast
Kind amount is 0.04kg/m2, and straw heat and moisture preserving is covered with, treat that grass seeds growth is vigorous after 20 days, after slope stabilization in fish-scale pit
The nutrient bag seedling that plantation is tall, fills.
7th step：Tending management.Qiao carries out appropriate watering, top dressing after filling plantation, desinsection, filled the gaps with seedlings.
By site test, copper ore dump is repaired using the method for the present invention, 12 months after planting, soil environment
Improved, plant grew well, and be successfully realized conversion of the nourishment to natural deduction.
12 months after planting, 10cm~15cm soil (test site soil after restoration of the ecosystem) below coating is taken,
Its soil parameter is shown in Table 2.
Test site soil parameter after the restoration of the ecosystem of table 2
Contrast table 1, the result of table 2 are understood, after the present invention is implemented, refuse dump top layer (10~15cm is deep) soil pH value is by 3.0
6.68 are risen to below；Net production acid amount NAG drops to 6.2~12.3kg/t by 20~70kg/t, and acid producing ability declines obvious；Electricity
Conductance EC drops to 720 μ s/cm by 1500 μ s/cm, shows that soil soluble salinity declines, hardened situation is improved；Weight
Difference is little before Ni metal, Pb, As, Cd and restoration of the ecosystem, shows that this method can reduce the migration of heavy metal, heavy metal quilt
It is fixed on well in soil, before available state Cu, Pb, As are below reparation；Soil nutrient elements index is improved, its N, P,
K, the content of organic matter reaches two class soil standards.
Test site seeds survival rate 85%, vegetative coverage area make a living more than the 95% of state repaired area.Harvest excellent
Gesture grass seeds Bermuda grass and Paspalum wettsteinii, and its root and aerial part content of beary metal are detected, it the results are shown in Table 3.
The dominant plant content of beary metal (mg/kg) of table 3
As seen from the results in Table 3, Bermuda grass is largely enriched in root with heavy metal in Paspalum wettsteinii, and is transferred on the ground
Partial is less, and environmental risk is smaller.The present invention implement after, established on highly acid refuse dump one it is safe and stable, from tie up
The restoration of the ecosystem cell held, soil property are preferably improved, and the environmental risk of plants enriched heavy metal is smaller.
Above-described embodiment is only used for further illustrating a kind of ecological restoring method of highly acid Disused tailing land of the present invention,
But the invention is not limited in embodiment, what every technical spirit according to the present invention was made to above example any simply repaiies
Change, equivalent variations and modification, each fall within the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of ecological restoring method of highly acid Disused tailing land, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
The first step：Smooth highly acid Disused tailing land, clear up float stone；The highly acid Disused tailing land is sulfur-bearing metal mine
Disused tailing land, its soil pH ＜ 3.5, net production acid amount 20~75kg/t, the μ s/cm of electrical conductivity 500~2000；
Second step：The neutralization slag of 10~50cm thickness is covered on toward place, and somewhat compacting forms coating；The neutralization slag takes
From the neutralization slag of the metallic ore environment-friendly disposal system, its pH value is 8.0~10.0, and moisture content is 50%~60%, gypsum content
For 20%~30%, the content of free calcium oxide is 1%~5%；
3rd step：A certain amount of composite fertilizer, organic fertilizer and artificial soil are added on toward coating, and is well mixed；Composite fertilizer's consumption
For 0.3~0.5kg/m2, Rate of Organic Fertilizer is 5~10kg/m2, artificial soil addition is 15~20kg/m2；
4th step：Resistance to suitable arbor, shrub and herbaceous plant are screened, nutrient bag is carried out to the resistance to suitable plant of arbor, shrub filtered out
Nursery, the resistance to suitable plant of draft include at least one of Bermuda grass, Paspalum wettsteinii, rye grass and Caulis Miscanthis floriduli, the arbor,
The resistance to suitable plant of shrub includes at least one of locust tree, double pod Chinese scholartrees, pigeonpea, mountain Elaeocarpus decipiens and masson pine；
5th step：The grass-seed of the resistance to suitable plant of draft filtered out is sowed, the application rate of grass-seed is 0.02~0.06kg/m2, and be covered with
Heat and moisture preserving material, treat that grass seeds growth is vigorous after 15~30 days, then plant arbor, the nutrient bag seedling of the resistance to suitable plant of shrub；
6th step：Qiao carries out appropriate watering, top dressing, desinsection, the tending management filled the gaps with seedlings after filling plantation.
2. the ecological restoring method of highly acid Disused tailing land according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The neutralization slag
Cladding thickness is 10~20cm.
3. the ecological restoring method of highly acid Disused tailing land according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The artificial soil
Composition for organic sludge 20~40%, the residual body 20~40% of plant, compost 10~30%, building waste 10~30%, nitrogen carbon
Than for 1:2, act on 40~60 days and forming by aerobic microbiological.
4. the ecological restoring method of highly acid Disused tailing land according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The insulation is protected
Wet stock is at least one of non-woven fabrics, rice straw, weeds, wood chip.
5. the ecological restoring method of highly acid Disused tailing land according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The grass-seed
Seeding method is program request with broadcasting sowing.
6. the ecological restoring method of highly acid Disused tailing land according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The sulfur-bearing gold
Category mine includes gold mine, copper mine, iron ore and Pb-Zn deposits.
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| CN108262339A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-07-10 | 安徽金阳光农业服务有限公司 | A kind of discarded tailing phytoremediation containing radioactive substance |
| CN108541522A (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-09-18 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of acidity mining area refuse dump method for recovering vegetation |
| CN108668553A (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2018-10-19 | 桂林理工大学 | A kind of reclamation method suitable for Karst area heavy metal tailings library |
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| CN109041691A (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2018-12-21 | 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 | Utilize the method for repairing mining area abrupt slope of sowing grass seeds by duster in lime with body refuse machinery |
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