CN105714758B - Oxidized ore waste-rock yard ecological restoring method based on bottom mud in lake control acid - Google Patents
Oxidized ore waste-rock yard ecological restoring method based on bottom mud in lake control acid Download PDFInfo
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- CN105714758B CN105714758B CN201610094220.4A CN201610094220A CN105714758B CN 105714758 B CN105714758 B CN 105714758B CN 201610094220 A CN201610094220 A CN 201610094220A CN 105714758 B CN105714758 B CN 105714758B
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/005—Soil-conditioning by mixing with fibrous materials, filaments, open mesh or the like
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of oxidized ore waste-rock yard ecological restoring method based on bottom mud in lake control acid, includes the following steps：Clear up slope surface；It is laid with first layer grid；Ecology bag slope protection；Spray lkd layer；Cover bottom mud in lake；Set up ecological rod；It is laid with second layer grid；Soil improvement matrix of sowing grass seeds by duster layer and seed layer；The shading of straw curtain；Drain dyke is set.The present invention carries out ecological recovery to it by following measures for oxidized ore waste-rock yard soil depletion, the phenomenon that content of beary metal is high, acidity is strong：（1）Achieve the purpose that neutralization with bottom mud in lake using quick lime, control acid is isolated；（2）It is improved using soil matrix and provides preferable soil environment for plant fixing；（3）Using the Transport And Transformation of plant stability technical controlling heavy metal in the soil, its influence to surrounding enviroment is reduced.The present invention is easy to operate in the actual construction process, it is low in cost, there is environment friendly.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to restoration of the ecosystem fields, and in particular to the isolation acidity control method of oxidized ore waste-rock yard restoration of the ecosystem.
Background technique
Oxidized ore waste-rock yard restoration of the ecosystem is current extremely scabrous ecological environment problem, and oxide mineral is exposed to air
In, in addition natural eluviation, comes into full contact with air and water vapour, in iron ion and the catalytic action of iron/sulfur-oxidizing bacteria
Under oxidation reaction can occur rapidly and produce acid, the pollution of soil acidification and acid waste water has popularity, seriousness and chronicity
The features such as, the research to acidified solid waste remediation is all paid much attention in countries in the world.
The method of common control acidification is that addition acid neutralizing agent eliminates the acidic materials that oneself forms and inhibits sulfide
The further generation of oxidation and new acidic materials.Most common neutralizer is lime stone dregs, white lime or hydrated lime, forges stone
Ash.Although liming is the common method for improveing acid sulphate soil, however, liming not changes in many cases,
The effective way of good acid sulphate soil.Firstly, for containing acid higher soil, depending merely on liming is to be difficult complete neutralization
The acidic materials generated by oxidized ore, only in the old acid sulphate soil area Jing Guo long-term weathering elution, liming
Preferable effect can just be received.Secondly, in the environment of high temperature and rainy, the lime of addition may be big because lime is slightly soluble in water
Just fallen by rainwater leaching before the metal sulfide of section store in the soil not yet complete oxidation, subsequent soil starts again
It is acidified, the plant grown is caused to face habitat threat again.Furthermore a large amount of lime stones of launching can also cause plant
The deficiency of nutrient and various trace elements.Therefore, fast reaction acid neutralizing agent can be used such as by eliminating the acidic materials that oneself forms
White lime, and the further oxidation of sulfide and the generation of new acidic materials is inhibited then preferably to use slow reaction acid neutralizing agent for example red
Mud (refining generated industrial residue in alumina process from bauxite) and the acid of Hypomobility neutralize organic waste, such as
Sewage sludge, municipal refuse, animal wastes, compost etc..The sour neutralize material of these Hypomobilities contains deprotonation amphotsics
Body not only can effectively neutralize existing soil aciditiy, but also can inhibit following and generate because metal sulfide further aoxidizes
Soil is acidified again, moreover it is possible to be improved the buffer capacity of soil, be reduced the concentration of salinity in soil, chelating or complexing moiety heavy metal
Ion alleviates its toxicity, improves soil property.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is controlling the acidization of oxidized ore waste-rock yard, restoration of the ecosystem cost is reduced, earth's surface is improved
The sustainability of plant.By utilizing lime and bottom mud in lake, using specific pionner species, later maintenance link is reduced,
Ecosystem self-reparing capability is made full use of to achieve the purpose that waste-rock yard revegetation.
The present invention achievees the purpose that neutralization, the technical solution that control acid is isolated and provides are one with bottom mud in lake using quick lime
Oxidized ore waste-rock yard ecological restoring method of the kind based on bottom mud in lake control acid, includes the following steps：
（1）Clear up slope surface：Metal mine waste rock field is subjected to landform arrangement, forms step slope surface, it is low that level land carries out high digging
It fills and leads up whole；
（2）It is laid with first layer grid：It is laid with and is used timber stationary grizzly in slope surface, should guarantee that grid is close to slope as far as possible
Face must not exceed 3cm away from slope surface maximum distance；
（3）Ecology bag barricade：Ecology bag is laid with to slope foot, slope protection is played；
（4）Spray lkd layer：It by quick lime and plants after loam, adhesive mix in proportion, using dry spraying machine by stone
Ash sprays application to chats field surface layer and sprays to slope surface, and thickness is about 2-3cm；
（5）Cover bed mud：Bed mud is covered to lkd layer, thickness control is in 3-5cm or so；
（6）Set up ecological rod：Ecological rod transverse strands are set to slope surface, and are fixed with timber and iron wire, each ecological rod is longitudinal
Spacing is 1.5-2.5m；
（7）It is laid with second layer grid：It is laid in slope surface and uses timber stationary grizzly, grid is with sediment layer surface distance
13-17cm；
（8）Spray Soil improvement matrix layer：Rice husk, organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer, Nutrition Soil, adhesive, water-retaining agent etc. are improved into material
Expect and plant loam according to a certain percentage after mixing, Soil improvement matrix is sowed grass seeds by duster to sediment layer using dry spraying machine, it is thick
Spend about 12-13cm；
（9）It sows grass seeds by duster seed layer：Seed is uniformly mixed with seed layer matrix, wherein vegetable seeds includes Festuca Arundinacea, hundred happinesses
Grass, golden wave, Trifolium repense, Bermuda grass, sesbania, white popinac, horse spine, spends more lily magnolia, akeake etc. at coreopsis, using wet shot
Seed layer is sprayed on Soil improvement matrix layer by mode, thickness about 2-3cm；
（10）Straw curtain shading layer：Straw curtain is covered comprehensively and is fixed on seed layer, rise water conservation, soil moisture conservation, heat preservation,
The effects of preventing rain drop erosion, provides suitable environment for germination and seedling growth；
（11）Drain dyke：Two ecological rods, spacing 30-50cm, in slope surface transverse strands are longitudinally set up in slope surface two sides
If ecological rod is simultaneously slightly inclined it to side.
Wherein, step（1）The middle a length of 8-10m of step slope surface, the wide about 0.5-1m of riding track.
Step（3）Middle ecology bag uses flexible ecological bag, and packing material includes following weight percent in ecology bag
Ingredient：Mine soil 60-70%, organic fertilizer 15-25%, rice husk 10-20%, ecology bag piling height are about 0.8-1.5m.
Step（2）,（7）In grid be geotechnological two-way grille, intensity >=20KN.
Step（4）Middle lime and the ratio for planting loam are 1:The dosage of 10-15, adhesive determines according to unit area,
Specific dosage is 10-15g/m2；
Step（5）In bed mud be neighbouring rivers, lake etc. desilting sediment.In order to facilitate transport, the moisture content of bed mud
40% should be no more than.
In step（8）In Soil improvement matrix and（9）In seed layer materials press by every side plant loam in add
Rice husk 6-8kg, organic fertilizer 2-3kg, compound fertilizer 1-2kg, Nutrition Soil 0.4-0.6kg, adhesive 0.05-0.2kg, water-retaining agent
0.05-0.2kg wherein adds adhesive in right amount, adds water-retaining agent in seed layer in right amount in soil moved in improve the original substrate, less plus adhesive.
The invention has the advantages that：
Oxidized ore waste-rock yard ecological restoring method of the invention：（1）Reach neutralization with bed mud using quick lime, control is isolated
The purpose of acid；（2）It is improved using soil matrix and provides preferable soil environment for plant fixing；（3）Utilize plant stability technology
The Transport And Transformation of heavy metal in the soil is controlled, its influence to surrounding enviroment is reduced.Specifically, by cover sediment layer, one
Aspect, bed mud have compactness, can efficiently control contact of the ore body with water and air, inhibit it is following because metal sulfide into
The soil that one step is aoxidized and generated is acidified again, organic matter rich in another aspect bed mud, can also while controlling acid
Buffering power of soil, chelating or complexing moiety heavy metal ion are improved, its toxicity is alleviated, and the poor of mine soil can be effectively improved
Lean environment.In addition, the improvement of shallow-layer acid-base neutralization is carried out using quick lime, changed using soil matrix improvement and plant stability technology
The pollutants such as kind soil environment and fixed heavy metal.Material that the present invention uses is cheap, is easy to get, greatly reduce restoration of the ecosystem at
This.In addition, the present invention it is easy to operate in the actual construction process, it is easy to operate, low in cost, have environment friendly.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the spot effect figure of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
For the purpose of the present invention, technical solution is more clearly understood, below by the detailed description of specific embodiment
Next the present invention is furture elucidated, but is not limitation of the present invention, only illustrates.Below in conjunction with Jiujiang city gate
Mountain copper ore dump embodiment, the present invention will be described in further detail.
Ores At Chengmenshan Copper Mine refuse dump grade of side slope is about 60 °, and soil is in grittiness, highly acid, and abrupt slope part is washed away seriously, protected
Outlet capacity is poor, slope surface almost without plant growth, in soil containing in the various heavies soil such as copper, lead, zinc, cadmium containing there are many weights
Metal.The processing method of oxidized ore waste-rock yard restoration of the ecosystem provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps：
（1）Slope surface is cleared up, near-nature forest landform is implemented to waste-rock yard side slope and is arranged, heap body slope surface is pacified according to no more than nature
The gradient for ceasing angle arranges, and laterally repairs in slope surface center and set riding track, forms step slope surface, and riding track width is 60cm；
（2）It is laid with and fixes first layer grid with timber, guarantee that grid is close to slope surface as far as possible, be no more than away from slope surface
3cm；
（3）Ecology bag barricade is constructed, excavates bar ditch in hillside fields, trench depth is 20-30cm, to flexible ecological bag（Specification
For 815mm*440mm）Mine soil, 25% Nutrition Soil and 15% rice husk of middle filling 60%, and ecology bag is layed in bar ditch
In, high 1m plays slope protection；
（4）It is laid with lkd layer, lime and soil are pressed 1:12（v:v）Ratio and suitable adhesive after mixing, adopt
Lkd layer is sprayed on slope surface with dry spraying machine, with a thickness of 3cm；
（5）It is laid with sediment layer, dilute bed mud is layed on the lkd layer of flat slope face, and is flat using the tools such as grafter, spade
Whole bed mud layer surface guarantees sediment layer with a thickness of 5cm or so；
（6）Ecological rod is set up, the materials such as rice husk, Nutrition Soil, plant loam, organic fertilizer are filled into ecological rod first, are filled out
Ecological rod diameter after filling is about 15cm, and then, ecological rod is layed in slope surface along slope surface level, solid with timber and iron wire
Fixed, the distance between ecological rod longitudinal direction is 1.5m；
（7）It is laid with second layer grid, grid is laid with and is fixed on ecological rod, guarantees grid and bed mud layer surface
Spacing be 15cm or so；
（8）Loam will be planted, organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer, Nutrition Soil, rice husk, water-retaining agent, adhesive mix in proportion work
For Soil improvement matrix, matches and be：Nutrition Soil 500g, organic fertilizer 2500g, compound fertilizer 1500g, rice are added in every 1 cube of soil
Shell 7500g, water-retaining agent 125g, adhesive 100g are sowed grass seeds by duster using dry spraying machine to region between sediment layer and second layer grid,
With a thickness of 13cm；
（9）It sows grass seeds by duster seed layer, plantation layer matrix configuration：Nutrition Soil 500g, organic fertilizer are added in every 1 cube of plant loam
2500g, compound fertilizer 1500g, rice husk 7500g, water-retaining agent 150g, adhesive 75g, by vegetable seeds, including Festuca Arundinacea 100g, hundred
Happiness grass 125g, Bermuda grass 100g, sesbania 125g, Trifolium repense 100g, horse spine 300g, lily magnolia 300g, white popinac 300g, Che Sang are spent more
Sub- 300g, coreopsis 30g, golden wave 30g are uniformly mixed with seed layer matrix and are sowed grass seeds by duster by the way of wet shot to soil
It improves on hypothallus, with a thickness of 2cm；
（10）It is laid with straw curtain, straw curtain is covered to slope surface comprehensively, keeps moist environment, seed is promoted to sprout；
（11）Drain dyke is set, is longitudinally laid with two ecological rods repairing slope surface two sides, formation width is the row of 30cm
Ditch laterally sets up and is fixed on straw curtain ecological rod in upper and lower two-stage slope surface and tilt slightly to side, plays
Drainage.
After implementing 1 month, waste-rock yard vegetation cover degree reaches 90%, and herbal growth is vigorous, effectively covering earth's surface, woody
Plant distributions are uniform.After implementing 3 months, refuse dump vegetation coverage reaches 95%, and vegetation entirety upgrowth situation is good, and shrub is planted
Object growth is vigorous, and growing height reaches 40-50cm.After implementing half a year, herbal growth is gradually weak, and shrub plant growth is prosperous
It contains, root system of plant has penetrated sediment layer, taken root in refuse dump surface layer, and plant root growth is good, do not found because of copper mine
Refuse dump acidification and heavy metal pollution and to plant growth generate adverse effect, whole revegetation significant effect, scene effect
Fruit figure is shown in Fig. 1.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of oxidized ore waste-rock yard ecological restoring method based on bottom mud in lake control acid, which is characterized in that the method packet
Containing following steps：
（1）Clear up slope surface：Oxidized ore waste-rock yard is subjected to landform arrangement, forms step slope surface, level land carries out height and digs low fill and lead up
It is whole；
（2）It is laid with first layer grid：It is laid with and is used timber stationary grizzly in slope surface, should guarantee that grid is close to slope surface as far as possible, away from
Slope surface maximum distance is no more than 3cm；
（3）Ecology bag barricade：Ecology bag is laid with to slope foot, slope protection is played；
（4）Spray lkd layer：It by quick lime and plants after loam, adhesive mix in proportion, using dry spraying machine by lkd layer
It sprays to slope surface, with a thickness of 2-3cm；
（5）Cover bed mud：Bed mud is covered to lkd layer, thickness control is in 3-5cm；
（6）Set up ecological rod：Ecological rod transverse strands are set to slope surface, and fixed, each ecological rod longitudinal pitch is 1.5-2.5m；
（7）It is laid with second layer grid：It is laid with and uses timber stationary grizzly in slope surface, grid and sediment layer surface distance are 13-
17cm；
（8）Spray soil moved in improve the original substrate layer：By selected from rice husk, organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer, Nutrition Soil, adhesive, water-retaining agent it is one or more
Improved materials and plant loam become Soil improvement matrix after mixing, and Soil improvement matrix is sowed grass seeds by duster to bed mud using dry spraying machine
Soil moved in improve the original substrate layer, thickness about 12-13cm are used as on layer；
（9）It sows grass seeds by duster seed layer：Seed is uniformly mixed with seed layer matrix, wherein vegetable seeds be selected from Festuca Arundinacea, paspalum notatum,
Coreopsis, Trifolium repense, Bermuda grass, sesbania, white popinac, horse spine, spends more lily magnolia or akeake at golden wave, by the way of wet shot
Seed layer is sprayed on soil moved in improve the original substrate layer, thickness about 2-3cm；
（10）Straw curtain shading layer：Straw curtain is covered comprehensively and is fixed on seed layer, is that germination and seedling grow up
Suitable environment is provided；
（11）Drain dyke：Two ecological rods are longitudinally set up in slope surface two sides, spacing 30-50cm laterally sets up life in slope surface
State stick is simultaneously slightly inclined it to side.
2. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step（1）The middle a length of 8-10m of step slope surface, step platform are wide
0.5-1m。
3. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step（3）Middle ecology bag uses flexible ecological bag, in ecology bag
Middle packing material includes the ingredient of following weight percent：Mine soil 60-70%, organic fertilizer 15-25%, rice husk 10-20%, ecology bag
Piling height is 0.8-1.5m.
4. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step（2）,（7）In grid be geotechnological two-way grille, intensity
≥20KN。
5. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step（4）Middle lime and the ratio for planting loam are by volume
1:10-15, the dosage of adhesive are 10-15g/m2。
6. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step（5）In bed mud be lake desilting sediment, bed mud
Moisture content should be no more than 40%.
7. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step（8）In soil moved in improve the original substrate layer and/or step（9）In
Soil moved in improve the original substrate layer by every side plant loam in add rice husk 6-8kg, organic fertilizer 2-3kg, compound fertilizer 1-2kg, Nutrition Soil 0.4-
0.6kg, adhesive 0.05-0.2kg, water-retaining agent 0.05-0.2kg.
8. the method for claim 7, which is characterized in that in step（8）In soil moved in improve the original substrate layer in binder dosage it is more
In water-retaining agent, step（9）In seed layer in binder dosage be less than water-retaining agent.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106277674B (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2019-10-25 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | Construction method of tail mud barrier layer of acid waste rock field sealing |
| CN108691349A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-10-23 | 环境保护部环境规划院 | A kind of grass-planting ecological ditch and its application |
| CN109304352A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-02-05 | 仲恺农业工程学院 | A kind of restoration methods of troilite abandoned mine vegetation |
| CN109618794B (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2020-10-30 | 内蒙古蒙草矿山科技有限责任公司 | Mine refuse dump side slope repairing method |
| CN109691336A (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2019-04-30 | 内蒙古蒙草生态环境（集团）股份有限公司 | A kind of Mine production shade water-retaining method |
| CN111822498B (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2022-04-19 | 洲际环境科学研究院(广州)有限公司 | Method for treating acidic mine soil containing metal sulfide by using red mud as main material |
| CN111919682A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-11-13 | 辽宁大学 | Rapid planting method based on high and steep hilly vegetation |
| CN115012432A (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2022-09-06 | 芷兰生态环境建设有限公司 | Ecological acid-blocking restoration method for metal mine acidic solid waste storage yard |
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| JPS58204224A (en) * | 1982-05-19 | 1983-11-28 | Nisshoku Corp | Greens-planting work for sloped ground harmful to plant growth |
| JP2004129560A (en) * | 2002-10-10 | 2004-04-30 | Chikyu Kankyo Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk | Planting base, method for producing the base, and method for constructing planting surface using the base |
| CN102229485B (en) * | 2011-04-12 | 2013-05-01 | 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 | Dredged sediment based plant adaptability matrix and ecological restoration method of bare slope |
| CN102652480B (en) * | 2012-04-26 | 2013-11-20 | 北京北林绿源生态技术研究院有限责任公司 | Vegetation recovery method for acid metal mine solid waste stock dump |
| CN103806454B (en) * | 2014-02-14 | 2016-05-25 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | Method for pollution control and vegetation recovery of metal sulfide ore solid waste storage yard |
| CN103797922B (en) * | 2014-03-03 | 2016-05-18 | 上田环境修复股份有限公司 | A kind of method of recovering the acid discarded object container yard vegetation of nonferrous metal mine |
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