CN105714758A - Ecological restoration method applicable to oxidized ore waste-rock yard and capable of realizing acidification control on basis of lake sediment - Google Patents
Ecological restoration method applicable to oxidized ore waste-rock yard and capable of realizing acidification control on basis of lake sediment Download PDFInfo
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- CN105714758A CN105714758A CN201610094220.4A CN201610094220A CN105714758A CN 105714758 A CN105714758 A CN 105714758A CN 201610094220 A CN201610094220 A CN 201610094220A CN 105714758 A CN105714758 A CN 105714758A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/005—Soil-conditioning by mixing with fibrous materials, filaments, open mesh or the like
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Abstract
The invention provides an ecological restoration method applicable to an oxidized ore waste-rock yard and capable of realizing acidification control on the basis of lake sediment. The method comprises steps as follows: a slope surface is cleaned; a first layer of grating is laid; slope protection is realized by the aid of ecological bags; a lime layer is sprayed; the lake sediment covers the lime layer; ecological rods are erected; a second layer of grating is laid; a soil improvement matrix layer and a seed layer are sprayed and seeded; straw curtains are used for shading; intercepting and draining ditches are arranged. According to phenomena of lean soil, high heavy metal content and high acidity of the oxidized ore waste-rock yard, the oxidized ore waste-rock yard is ecologically restored through following measures: (1) quick lime and the lake sediment are used for achieving neutralization and isolated acidification control purposes; (2) a better soil environment is provided for plant planting through soil matrix improvement; (3) migration and transformation of heavy metals in soil are controlled through the plant stabilization technology, and the influence of the heavy metals on surroundings is reduced. The method is convenient to operate, low in cost and environment-friendly in the actual construction process.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to restoration of the ecosystem field, be specifically related to the isolation acidity control method of oxidized ore waste-rock yard restoration of the ecosystem.
Background technology
Oxidized ore waste-rock yard restoration of the ecosystem is current extremely scabrous ecological environment problem, oxide mineral is exposed in air, plus natural eluviation, it is fully contacted with air and water vapour, oxidation reaction can be occurred rapidly under the catalytic action of iron ion and ferrum/sulfur-oxidizing bacteria to produce acid, the pollution of soil acidification and acid waste water has the features such as popularity, seriousness and chronicity, and the research to acidified solid waste remediation is all paid much attention in countries in the world.
The conventional method controlling acidifying is to add the own acidic materials formed of acid neutralizing agent elimination and suppress the oxidation further of sulfide and the generation of new acidic materials.The most frequently used nertralizer is limestone dregs, Calx or hydrated lime, burnt lime.Although liming is the common method of improvement acid sulphate soil, but, under many circumstances, the effective way of acid sulphate soil not improved by liming.Firstly, for the soil higher containing acidity, depending merely on liming and be difficult to neutralize the acidic materials produced by oxidized ore completely, only in the old acid sulphate soil area through long-term weathering drip washing, liming just can receive preferably effect.Secondly, because Calx is slightly soluble in water, under the environment of high temperature and rainy, the Calx of interpolation is likely to before the metal sulfide not yet complete oxidation that major part is stored in soil just drenched by rainwater, soil starts again acidifying subsequently, causes that the plant grown faces again habitat and threatens.Furthermore, a large amount of limestone of throwing in also can cause the deficiency of plant nutrient and various trace elements.Therefore, eliminate oneself acidic materials of formation and can use fast reaction acid neutralizing agent such as Calx, the generation suppressing oxidation and the new acidic materials further of sulfide then should adopt slow reaction acid neutralizing agent such as red mud (refining produced industrial residue alumina process from bauxite) and the acid of Hypomobility to neutralize organic waste, such as sewage sludge, municipal refuse, animal wastes, compost etc..The acid of these Hypomobilities neutralizes material and contains deprotonation ampholytoid, both existing soil aciditiy can effectively have been neutralized, the following soil acidifying again produced because metal sulfide aoxidizes further can be suppressed again, the buffer capacity of soil can also be improved, reduce the concentration of salinity in soil, chelating or complexing moiety heavy metal ion, alleviate its toxicity, improve soil property.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to control the acidization of oxidized ore waste-rock yard, reduce restoration of the ecosystem cost, improve the sustainability of ground flora.By utilizing Calx and bottom mud in lake, adopt specific pionner species, reduce later maintenance link, make full use of ecosystem self-reparing capability and reach the purpose of waste-rock yard revegetation.
The present invention utilizes the technical scheme that quick lime and bottom mud in lake reach to neutralize, isolation is controlled sour purpose and provided to be a kind of oxidized ore waste-rock yard ecological restoring method based on bottom mud in lake control acid, comprises the following steps:
(1) clear up domatic: Metal mine waste rock field is carried out landform arrangement, forms step domatic, level land carry out height dig low fill and lead up whole；
(2) ground floor grid is laid: in domatic laying and use timber stationary grizzly, should ensure that grid is close to as far as possible domatic, must not exceed 3cm from domatic ultimate range；
(3) ecology bag barricade: ecology bag is laid to toe place, plays bank protection effect；
(4) spray lkd layer: by quick lime with plant loam, after binding agent mixes in proportion, utilize dry spraying machine that Calx sprays application to top layer, chats field and spray to domatic, thickness is about 2-3cm；
(5) bed mud is covered: being covered to lkd layer by bed mud, THICKNESS CONTROL is at about 3-5cm；
(6) the ecological rod of erection: be located at domatic by ecology rod transverse strands, and fix with timber and iron wire, each ecological rod longitudinal pitch is 1.5-2.5m；
(7) laying second layer grid: in domatic laying and use timber stationary grizzly, grid and sediment layer surface distance are 13-17cm；
(8) spray Soil improvement matrix layer: by the improved materials such as rice husk, fertilizer, compound fertilizer, Nutrition Soil, binding agent, water-retaining agent with plant after loam mixs homogeneously according to a certain percentage, utilizing dry spraying machine Soil improvement matrix to be sowed grass seeds by duster to sediment layer, thickness is about 12-13cm；
(9) sow grass seeds by duster Seed Layer: seed is mixed homogeneously with Seed Layer substrate, wherein, plant seed includes Festuca Arundinacea, paspalum notatum, coreopsis, Coreopsis basalis, Trifolium repense, Bermuda grass, sesbania, Leucaena leucocephala (L.), horse spine, spends more Drymotaenium miyoshianum (Mak.) Mak., akeake etc., Seed Layer is sprayed onto on Soil improvement matrix layer by the mode adopting wet shot, and thickness is about 2-3cm；
(10) Caulis et Folium Oryzae curtain shelters from heat or light layer: is covered by Caulis et Folium Oryzae curtain comprehensively and is fixed on Seed Layer, plays water conservation, soil moisture conservation, is incubated, prevents the effects such as rain drop erosion, grows up the environment providing suitable for germination and seedling；
(11) drain dyke: the ecological rod of longitudinal erection two in domatic both sides, spacing is 30-50cm, laterally sets up ecological rod domatic and make it be slightly inclined to side.
Wherein, in step (1), the domatic length of step is 8-10m, and packway width is about 0.5-1m.
In step (3), ecology bag adopts flexible ecological bag, and in ecology bag, packing material includes the composition of following percentage by weight: ore deposit soil 60-70%, fertilizer 15-25%, rice husk 10-20%, ecology bag piling height is about 0.8-1.5m.
Grid in step (2), (7) is geotechnique's two-way grille, intensity >=20KN.
Calx and to plant the ratio of loam be 1:10-15 in step (4), the consumption of binding agent is determined according to unit are, and concrete consumption is 10-15g/m2；
The desilting sediment that bed mud is neighbouring rivers, lake etc. in step (5).For convenient transport, the moisture content of bed mud should less than 40%.
In step, the Soil improvement matrix in (8) and the seed layer materials in (9) all plant interpolation rice husk 6-8kg, fertilizer 2-3kg, compound fertilizer 1-2kg, Nutrition Soil 0.4-0.6kg, binding agent 0.05-0.2kg, water-retaining agent 0.05-0.2kg in loam by by every side, wherein binding agent added in right amount by soil moved in improve the original base material, Seed Layer is added water-retaining agent in right amount, adds binding agent less.
The method have the advantages that
The oxidized ore waste-rock yard ecological restoring method of the present invention: (1) utilizes quick lime and bed mud to reach the purpose neutralized, isolation control is sour；(2) soil matrix improvement is utilized to provide good soil environment for plant fixing；(3) utilize plant stability technical controlling heavy metal Transport And Transformation in soil, reduce its impact on surrounding enviroment.Specifically, by covering sediment layer, on the one hand, bed mud has compactness, it is possible to efficiently control contacting of ore body and water and air, suppress the soil acidifying again that future produces because metal sulfide aoxidizes further, on the other hand containing abundant organic matter in bed mud, buffering power of soil, chelating or complexing moiety heavy metal ion can also be improved while control acid, alleviate its toxicity, and the barren environment of ore deposit soil can be effectively improved.In addition, utilize quick lime to carry out shallow-layer acid-base neutralization improvement, adopt soil matrix improvement and plant stability technology to improve the pollutant such as soil environment fixing heavy metal.The material that the present invention adopts is cheap, be easy to get, and greatly reduces restoration of the ecosystem cost.It addition, present invention operation easy and simple to handle in practice of construction process, easy, with low cost, there is environment friendly.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the spot effect figure of the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
For making the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme clearly understand, it is further elucidated with the present invention below by the detailed description of detailed description of the invention, but is not limitation of the present invention, only illustrate.Below in conjunction with Ores At Chengmenshan Copper Mine refuse dump, Jiujiang embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.
Ores At Chengmenshan Copper Mine refuse dump grade of side slope is about 60 °, and soil is grittiness, highly acid, and abrupt slope part is washed away seriously, and water holding capacity is poor, domatic almost without plant growing, containing containing various heavy in the various heavy soil such as copper, lead, zinc, cadmium in soil.The processing method of the oxidized ore waste-rock yard restoration of the ecosystem that the embodiment of the present invention provides comprises the following steps:
(1) clearing up domatic, waste-rock yard side slope is implemented near-nature forest landform and arranges, heap body is domatic to be arranged according to the gradient being not more than natural repose angle, and laterally repaiies in domatic central authorities and set packway, forms step domatic, and packway width is 60cm；
(2) lay and fix ground floor grid with timber, it is ensured that grid is close to domatic, from domatic no more than 3cm as far as possible；
(3) building ecology bag barricade, excavate bar ditch in hillside fields, bar trench depth is 20-30cm, to flexible ecological bag (specification is 815mm*440mm) is filled the ore deposit soil of 60%, the Nutrition Soil of 25% and 15% rice husk, and ecology bag is layed in bar ditch, high 1m, plays bank protection effect；
(4) lay lkd layer, by Calx and soil in 1:12(v:v) ratio and appropriate binding agent mix homogeneously after, employing dry spraying machine lkd layer is sprayed in domatic, thickness is 3cm；
(5) lay sediment layer, rare bed mud is layed on the lkd layer of flat slope face, and adopts the smooth sediment layer surface of the instrument such as grafter, spade, it is ensured that sediment layer thickness is about 5cm；
(6) the ecological rod of erection, first by rice husk, Nutrition Soil, plant the material such as loam, fertilizer and fill to ecological rod, the ecological rod diameter after filling is about 15cm, then, by ecology rod along domatic level be layed in domatic on, fix with timber and iron wire, ecological rod longitudinally between distance be 1.5m；
(7) lay second layer grid, grid is laid and is fixed on ecological rod, it is ensured that the spacing on grid and sediment layer surface is about 15cm；
(8) will plant loam, fertilizer, compound fertilizer, Nutrition Soil, rice husk, water-retaining agent, binding agent mix in proportion as Soil improvement matrix, proportioning is: add Nutrition Soil 500g, fertilizer 2500g, compound fertilizer 1500g, rice husk 7500g, water-retaining agent 125g, binding agent 100g in every 1 cube of soil, adopting dry spraying machine to be sowed grass seeds by duster to region between sediment layer and second layer grid, thickness is 13cm；
(9) sow grass seeds by duster Seed Layer, plantation layer substrate configuration: plant interpolation Nutrition Soil 500g, fertilizer 2500g, compound fertilizer 1500g, rice husk 7500g, water-retaining agent 150g, binding agent 75g in loam for every 1 cube, by plant seed, including Festuca Arundinacea 100g, paspalum notatum 125g, Bermuda grass 100g, sesbania 125g, Trifolium repense 100g, horse spine 300g, spend more Drymotaenium miyoshianum (Mak.) Mak. 300g, Leucaena leucocephala (L.) 300g, akeake 300g, coreopsis 30g, Coreopsis basalis 30g, mixing homogeneously with Seed Layer substrate and adopt the mode of wet shot to be sowed grass seeds by duster to Soil improvement matrix layer, thickness is 2cm；
(10) lay Caulis et Folium Oryzae curtain, Caulis et Folium Oryzae curtain is covered on domatic, keeping moist environment comprehensively, promote seed germination；
(11) drain dyke is set, longitudinally lays two ecological rods repairing domatic both sides, forms the gutter that width is 30cm, in the domatic laterally erection fixing ecological excellent and slightly to lopsidedness on Caulis et Folium Oryzae curtain of upper and lower two-stage, play a role in the drainage.
After implementing 1 month, waste-rock yard vegetation cover degree reaches 90%, and herbal growth is vigorous, effectively covers earth's surface, and xylophyta is evenly distributed.After implementing 3 months, refuse dump vegetation coverage reaches 95%, and vegetation entirety upgrowth situation is good, and shrub plant growth is vigorous, and growing height reaches 40-50cm.After implementing half a year, herbal growth is weak gradually, shrub plant growth is vigorous, root system of plant has penetrated sediment layer, take root in top layer, refuse dump, and plant root growth is good, do not find harmful effect plant growing produced because of the acidifying of copper mine refuse dump and heavy metal pollution, overall revegetation effect is notable, and spot effect figure is shown in Fig. 1.
Claims (8)
1. the oxidized ore waste-rock yard ecological restoring method based on bottom mud in lake control acid, it is characterised in that described method comprises the steps of
(1) clear up domatic: carry out landform arrangement by discarded for metal mine, form step domatic, level land carry out height dig low fill and lead up whole；
(2) ground floor grid is laid: in domatic laying and use timber stationary grizzly, should ensure that grid is close to as far as possible domatic, from domatic ultimate range less than 3cm；
(3) ecology bag barricade: ecology bag is laid to toe place, plays bank protection effect；
(4) spray lkd layer: by quick lime with plant loam, after binding agent mixes in proportion, utilize dry spraying machine that Calx sprays application to Mine production top layer and spray to domatic, thickness is 2-3cm；
(5) bed mud is covered: being covered to Mine production lkd layer by bed mud, THICKNESS CONTROL is at 3-5cm；
(6) the ecological rod of erection: be located at domatic by ecology rod transverse strands, and fix, each ecological rod longitudinal pitch is 1.5-2.5m；
(7) laying second layer grid: in domatic laying and use timber stationary grizzly, grid and sediment layer surface distance are 13-17cm；
(8) spray soil matrix improvement layer: by selected from rice husk, fertilizer, compound fertilizer, Nutrition Soil, binding agent, water-retaining agent one or more improved materials become Soil improvement matrix with planting after loam is mixed homogeneously, utilizing dry spraying machine to sow grass seeds by duster to sediment layer Soil improvement matrix as soil moved in improve the original substrate layer, thickness is about 12-13cm；
(9) sow grass seeds by duster Seed Layer: seed is mixed homogeneously with Seed Layer substrate, wherein, plant seed is selected from Festuca Arundinacea, paspalum notatum, coreopsis, Coreopsis basalis, Trifolium repense, Bermuda grass, sesbania, Leucaena leucocephala (L.), horse spine, spends more Drymotaenium miyoshianum (Mak.) Mak. or akeake, Seed Layer is sprayed onto on soil moved in improve the original substrate layer by the mode adopting wet shot, and thickness is about 2-3cm；
(10) Caulis et Folium Oryzae curtain shelters from heat or light layer: is covered by Caulis et Folium Oryzae curtain comprehensively and is fixed on Seed Layer, grows up the environment providing suitable for germination and seedling；
(11) drain dyke: the ecological rod of longitudinal erection two in domatic both sides, spacing is 30-50cm, laterally sets up ecological rod domatic and make it be slightly inclined to side.
2. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (1), the domatic length of step is 8-10m, step platform width 0.5-1m.
3. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (3), ecology bag adopts flexible ecological bag, and in ecology bag, packing material includes the composition of following percentage by weight: ore deposit soil 60-70%, fertilizer 15-25%, rice husk 10-20%, and ecology bag piling height is 0.8-1.5m.
4. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the grid in step (2), (7) is geotechnique's two-way grille, intensity >=20KN.
5. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that Calx and to plant the ratio of loam be 1:10-15 in step (4), the consumption of binding agent is determined according to unit are, it is preferable that consumption is 10-15g/m2。
6. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the desilting sediment that bed mud is rivers, lake in step (5), the moisture content of bed mud should less than 40%.
7. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step, the soil moved in improve the original base material in (8) and/or the soil moved in improve the original substrate layer in step (9) plant interpolation rice husk 6-8kg, fertilizer 2-3kg, compound fertilizer 1-2kg, Nutrition Soil 0.4-0.6kg, binding agent 0.05-0.2kg, water-retaining agent 0.05-0.2kg in loam by every side.
8. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that in step the soil matrix in (8) improvement layer in binder dosage more than water-retaining agent, in step in the Seed Layer in (9) binder dosage less than water-retaining agent.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106277674A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-04 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | Construction method of tail mud barrier layer of acid waste rock field sealing |
| CN108691349A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-10-23 | 环境保护部环境规划院 | A kind of grass-planting ecological ditch and its application |
| CN109304352A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-02-05 | 仲恺农业工程学院 | A kind of restoration methods of troilite abandoned mine vegetation |
| CN109618794A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-16 | 内蒙古蒙草生态环境（集团）股份有限公司 | A kind of Mine production side slope restorative procedure |
| CN109691336A (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2019-04-30 | 内蒙古蒙草生态环境（集团）股份有限公司 | A kind of Mine production shade water-retaining method |
| CN111822498A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-10-27 | 洲际环境科学研究院(广州)有限公司 | Method for treating acidic mine soil containing metal sulfide by using red mud as main material |
| CN111919682A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-11-13 | 辽宁大学 | Rapid planting method based on high and steep hilly vegetation |
| CN115012432A (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2022-09-06 | 芷兰生态环境建设有限公司 | Ecological acid-blocking restoration method for metal mine acidic solid waste storage yard |
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| CN106277674A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-04 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | Construction method of tail mud barrier layer of acid waste rock field sealing |
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| CN109304352A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-02-05 | 仲恺农业工程学院 | A kind of restoration methods of troilite abandoned mine vegetation |
| CN109618794A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-16 | 内蒙古蒙草生态环境（集团）股份有限公司 | A kind of Mine production side slope restorative procedure |
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| CN111822498A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-10-27 | 洲际环境科学研究院(广州)有限公司 | Method for treating acidic mine soil containing metal sulfide by using red mud as main material |
| CN111822498B (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2022-04-19 | 洲际环境科学研究院(广州)有限公司 | Method for treating acidic mine soil containing metal sulfide by using red mud as main material |
| CN111919682A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-11-13 | 辽宁大学 | Rapid planting method based on high and steep hilly vegetation |
| CN115012432A (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2022-09-06 | 芷兰生态环境建设有限公司 | Ecological acid-blocking restoration method for metal mine acidic solid waste storage yard |
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