CN105714836A - Ecological restoration method applicable to oxidized ore waste-rock yard and capable of realizing acidification control on basis of phosphate fertilizer - Google Patents
Ecological restoration method applicable to oxidized ore waste-rock yard and capable of realizing acidification control on basis of phosphate fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN105714836A CN105714836A CN201610094219.1A CN201610094219A CN105714836A CN 105714836 A CN105714836 A CN 105714836A CN 201610094219 A CN201610094219 A CN 201610094219A CN 105714836 A CN105714836 A CN 105714836A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological restoration method applicable to an oxidized ore waste-rock yard and capable of realizing acidification control on the basis of phosphate fertilizer. The method comprises steps as follows: a slope surface is cleaned; a grating is laid; slope protection is realized by the aid of ecological bags; a lime layer is spread; a phosphate fertilizer layer is sprayed; ecological rods are erected; a second layer of grating is laid; a soil improvement matrix layer and a seed layer are sprayed and seeded; straw curtains are used for shading; intercepting and draining ditches are arranged. According to the method, lime is used for shallow acid and alkali neutralization improvement, the phosphate fertilizer is used for controlling further oxidation of sulfides so as to realize the acidification control effect, pollutants such as heavy metals and the like are fixed through a plant stabilization technology, the ecological restoration purpose is achieved, adopted materials are cheap and easy to obtain, the construction process is simple, and the ecological restoration cost of the oxidized ore waste-rock yard is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to soil ecology and repair field, be specifically related to the ecological restoring method of oxidized ore waste-rock yard.
Background technology
Oxidized ore barren rock stockyard is owing to by reduction process, oxidizing process, the acid-soluble effect with processes such as complex reactions, showing extremely strong acidity, and soil pH value is between 2-4, and acidifying is again the important restriction factor of barren rock stockyard revegetation, the H of high concentration+The inactivation of enzyme system can be caused, it is suppressed that the Repiration of plant and the root system absorption to moisture and nutrient.Therefore, the restoration of the ecosystem of oxidized ore barren rock stockyard it is crucial that the suppression of acidization.
Technology is controlled about acidifying, being broadly divided into physical isolation, chemistry neutralization, plant stability, microbial treatments etc., wherein physical isolation often adopts soil moved in improve the original method traditionally, namely ships soil bedding from strange land on discarded ground, and planting plants, progressively set up vegetation cover.But, it is buried in the H under table soil+, salinity, the harmful substance such as heavy metal rise to topsoil even earth's surface possibly through soil capillarity, continue to produce harm.Another main flow physical isolation method covers one to several layers inert material such as cinder, slag, gravel etc. again between barren rock and table soil, can prevent H+, toxic metal ions migrate to topsoil, but the usual cost of the method is significantly high, is difficult to when ore deposit ground area is bigger;It is add acid neutralizing agent eliminate the acidic materials of oneself formation and suppress the further oxidation of sulfide and the generation of new acidic materials that chemistry neutralizes the method for the control acidifying commonly used, the most frequently used nertralizer is limestone dregs, Calx or hydrated lime, burnt lime, but changing method oneself acidic materials of formation of simply elimination and can use fast reaction acid neutralizing agent, the oxidation further suppressing sulfide is then not ideal with the generation of new acidic materials;Utilizing plant is a challenging problem to control acidifying problem.International and domestic at present report the plant that a collection of acid resistance is stronger, such as common cattail, Paspalum distichum, Herba Imperatae, Plantula Neyraudiae Reynaudianae, Bermuda grass, Caulis Miscanthis floriduli, pinus elliottii etc..Some of which plant (ecotype) has been commercially used for the revegetation of acid Mining Wasteland, but can not get under the premise of basic suppression at oxidized ore barren rock stockyard acid process, and the growth of surface vegetation does not have sustainability;Compared with chemical treatment, microbial treatment technology is relatively difficult prediction and control generally, and chronicity and stability are more uncertain, therefore, really by this technology implementation in the improvement of acid Mining Wasteland, in addition it is also necessary to further explore.
The present invention adds garbage phosphate compounds and can be used to the free iron-based of complexation, generates FePO4Precipitation, it is suppressed that the further oxidation of sulfide, thus reducing the acid amount generated.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aims to this area Problems existing, combine employing Calx, fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer control acid, coordinate the purpose reaching restoration of the ecosystem with the pioneer that acid-fast ability is strong, it is provided that the ecological restoring method of a kind of with low cost, simple to operate, control acid effect stability.Concentrating on studies through the present inventor, is finally completed the present invention.The present invention provides a kind of method of oxidized ore waste-rock yard restoration of the ecosystem, comprises the following steps:
(1) clear up domatic: oxidized ore waste-rock yard is carried out sloping surface arrangement, forms step domatic;
(2) ground floor grid is laid: in domatic laying and use timber stationary grizzly, should ensure that grid is close to as far as possible domatic, from domatic ultimate range less than 3cm;
(3) ecology bag barricade: ecology bag is laid to toe place, plays bank protection effect;
(4) lkd layer is spread fertilizer over the fields: spreading fertilizer over the fields in domatic after pulverized limestone and appropriate binding agent mix homogeneously, thickness is about 1-2cm;
(5) spray phosphate fertilizer layer: by phosphate fertilizer, fertilizer, plant loam mix homogeneously by a certain percentage after, utilize dry spraying machine to be sprayed on domatic lkd layer by mixed-matrix, thickness is about 2-3cm;
(6) the ecological rod of erection: be located at domatic by ecology rod transverse strands, and fix with timber and iron wire, each ecological rod longitudinal pitch is 1.5-2.5m;
(7) laying second layer grid: in domatic laying and use timber stationary grizzly, grid and phosphate fertilizer layer surface distance are 13-17cm;
(8) spray Soil improvement matrix layer: after the improved materials such as rice husk, fertilizer, compound fertilizer, Nutrition Soil, binding agent, water-retaining agent are mixed homogeneously according to a certain percentage with soil, utilizing dry spraying machine Soil improvement matrix to be sowed grass seeds by duster to sediment layer, thickness is about 12-13cm;
(9) sow grass seeds by duster Seed Layer: seed is mixed homogeneously with Seed Layer substrate, wherein, plant seed includes Festuca Arundinacea, paspalum notatum, coreopsis, Coreopsis basalis, Trifolium repense, Bermuda grass, sesbania, Leucaena leucocephala (L.), horse spine, spends more Drymotaenium miyoshianum (Mak.) Mak., akeake etc., Seed Layer is sprayed onto on Soil improvement matrix layer by the mode adopting wet shot, and thickness is about 2-3cm;
(10) Caulis et Folium Oryzae curtain shelters from heat or light layer: is covered by Caulis et Folium Oryzae curtain comprehensively and is fixed on Seed Layer, plays water conservation, soil moisture conservation, is incubated, prevents the effects such as rain drop erosion, grows up the environment providing suitable for germination and seedling;
(11) drain dyke: the ecological rod of longitudinal erection two in domatic both sides, spacing is 30-50cm, laterally sets up ecological rod domatic and make it be slightly inclined to side.
Wherein, in step (1), the domatic length of step is 8-10m, and packway width is about 0.5-1m.
In step (3), ecology bag adopts flexible ecological bag, and in ecology bag, packing material includes the composition of following percentage by weight: ore deposit soil 60-70%, fertilizer 15-25%, rice husk 10-20%, ecology bag piling height is about 0.8-1.5m.
Grid in step (2), (7) is geotechnique's two-way grille, intensity >=20KN.
In step (4), the consumption of binding agent is determined according to unit are, and concrete consumption is 10-15g/m2。
Phosphate fertilizer, fertilizer in step (5), to plant loam ratio be 2:3:5(v:v:v).
In step, the improvement hypothallus in (8) and the seed layer materials in (9) all plant interpolation rice husk 6-8kg, fertilizer 2-3kg, compound fertilizer 1-2kg, Nutrition Soil 0.4-0.6kg, binding agent 0.05-0.2kg, water-retaining agent 0.05-0.2kg in loam by by every side, wherein improvement hypothallus adds binding agent in right amount, Seed Layer is added water-retaining agent in right amount, adds binding agent less.
The method have the advantages that
The oxidized ore waste-rock yard ecological restoring method of the present invention first passes through and spreads fertilizer over the fields pulverized limestone and carry out shallow-layer acid-base neutralization improvement;Secondly, by spraying phosphate fertilizer layer, on the one hand, phosphate compounds can the free iron-based of complexation, generate FePO4Precipitation, it is suppressed that the further oxidation of sulfide, thus reducing the acid amount that garbage generates;Phosphate fertilizer is best natural fertilizers on the other hand, and containing the phosphorus of high composition, calcium, not only odorless is pollution-free, additionally it is possible to be effectively facilitated the growth of plant;Finally, recover vegetation by plant stability technology, reduce the Transport And Transformation of the pollutant such as heavy metal.The present invention adopts the material such as phosphate fertilizer, fertilizer, inexpensively, is easy to get, and greatly reduces restoration of the ecosystem cost, and constructing operation is easy, possesses environment friendly.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The spot effect figure of Fig. 1 embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme clearly understand, it is further elucidated with the present invention below by the detailed description of detailed description of the invention, but is not limitation of the present invention, only illustrate.Below in conjunction with Ores At Chengmenshan Copper Mine refuse dump, Jiujiang embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.
Ores At Chengmenshan Copper Mine waste-rock yard grade of side slope is about 50 °, and soil is grittiness, highly acid, and abrupt slope part is washed away seriously, and water holding capacity is poor, domatic almost without plant growing, containing containing various heavy in the various heavy soil such as copper, lead, zinc, cadmium in soil.The processing method of the restoration of the ecosystem that the embodiment of the present invention provides comprises the following steps:
(1) clearing up domatic, refuse dump side slope is implemented near-nature forest landform and arranges, heap body is domatic to be arranged according to the gradient being not more than natural repose angle, and laterally repaiies in domatic central authorities and set packway, forms step domatic, and packway width is 60cm;
(2) lay and fix ground floor grid with timber, it is ensured that grid is close to domatic, from domatic no more than 3cm as far as possible;
(3) building ecology bag barricade, excavate bar ditch in hillside fields, bar trench depth is 20-30cm, to flexible ecological bag (specification is 815mm*440mm) is filled the ore deposit soil of 60%, the Nutrition Soil of 25% and 15% rice husk, and ecology bag is layed in bar ditch, high 1m, plays bank protection effect;
(4) spreading fertilizer over the fields lkd layer, after Calx and appropriate binding agent mix homogeneously, spread fertilizer over the fields in domatic, thickness is 2cm;
(5) spray phosphate fertilizer layer, by calcium magnesium phosphate, fertilizer, plant loam according to 2:3:5(v:v:v) ratio mix homogeneously after, utilize dry spraying machine to be sprayed on domatic lkd layer by mixed-matrix, thickness is about 3cm;
(6) the ecological rod of erection, first by rice husk, Nutrition Soil, plant the material such as loam, fertilizer and fill to ecological rod, the ecological rod diameter after filling is about 15cm, then, by ecology rod along domatic level be layed in domatic on, fix with timber and iron wire, ecological rod longitudinally between distance be 1.5m;
(7) lay second layer grid, grid is laid and is fixed on ecological rod, it is ensured that the spacing on grid and sediment layer surface is about 15cm;
(8) will plant loam, fertilizer, compound fertilizer, Nutrition Soil, rice husk, water-retaining agent, binding agent mix in proportion as Soil improvement matrix, prepared by Soil improvement matrix: add Nutrition Soil 500g, fertilizer 2500g, compound fertilizer 1500g, rice husk 7500g, water-retaining agent 125g, binding agent 100g in every 1 cube of soil, adopting dry spraying machine to be sowed grass seeds by duster to region between sediment layer and second layer grid, thickness is 13cm;
(9) sow grass seeds by duster Seed Layer, plantation layer substrate configuration: plant interpolation Nutrition Soil 500g, fertilizer 2500g, compound fertilizer 1500g, rice husk 7500g, water-retaining agent 150g, binding agent 75g in loam for every 1 cube, by plant seed, including Festuca Arundinacea 100g, paspalum notatum 125g, Bermuda grass 100g, sesbania 125g, Trifolium repense 100g, horse spine 300g, spend more Drymotaenium miyoshianum (Mak.) Mak. 300g, Leucaena leucocephala (L.) 300g, akeake 300g, coreopsis 30g, Coreopsis basalis 30g, mixing homogeneously with Seed Layer substrate and adopt the mode of wet shot to be sowed grass seeds by duster to Soil improvement matrix layer, thickness is 2cm;
(10) lay Caulis et Folium Oryzae curtain, Caulis et Folium Oryzae curtain is covered on domatic, keeping moist environment comprehensively, promote seed germination;
(11) drain dyke is set, longitudinally lays two ecological rods repairing domatic both sides, forms the gutter that width is 30cm, in the domatic laterally erection fixing ecological excellent and slightly to lopsidedness on Caulis et Folium Oryzae curtain of upper and lower two-stage, play a role in the drainage.
After implementing 1 month, waste-rock yard vegetation cover degree reaches 70%, and herbaceous plant and xylophyta upgrowth situation are good.After implementing 3 months, waste-rock yard earth's surface is completely capped, and vegetation entirety upgrowth situation is good, and shrub plant growth is vigorous, and growing height reaches about 1.5m.After implementing half a year, herbal growth is weak gradually, and shrub plant growth is vigorous, and average production height arrives about 1.8m, and spot effect figure is shown in Fig. 1.
Claims (8)
1. based on the oxidized ore waste-rock yard ecological restoring method of phosphate fertilizer control acid, it is characterised in that described method comprises the steps of
(1) clear up domatic: oxidized ore waste-rock yard is carried out sloping surface arrangement, forms step domatic;
(2) ground floor grid is laid: in domatic laying and use timber stationary grizzly, should ensure that grid is close to as far as possible domatic, from domatic ultimate range less than 3cm;
(3) ecology bag barricade: ecology bag is laid to toe place, plays bank protection effect;
(4) spray lkd layer: by quick lime with plant loam, after binding agent mixes in proportion, utilize dry spraying machine that Calx sprays application to Mine production top layer and spray to domatic, thickness is 2-3cm;
(5) phosphate fertilizer layer is sprayed: by phosphate fertilizer, fertilizer with after planting loam mix homogeneously, utilizing dry spraying machine to be sprayed by mixed-matrix on domatic lkd layer, thickness is 2-3cm;
(6) the ecological rod of erection: be located at domatic by ecology rod transverse strands, and fix, each ecological rod longitudinal pitch is 1.5-2.5m;
(7) second layer grid is laid: at domatic laying stationary grizzly, grid and phosphate fertilizer layer surface distance are 13-17cm;
(8) spray Soil improvement matrix layer: by selected from rice husk, fertilizer, compound fertilizer, Nutrition Soil, binding agent, water-retaining agent one or more improved materials become Soil improvement matrix with planting after loam is mixed homogeneously, dry spraying machine is utilized Soil improvement matrix to be sowed grass seeds by duster to phosphate fertilizer layer as soil moved in improve the original substrate layer, thickness 12-13cm;
(9) sow grass seeds by duster Seed Layer: seed is mixed homogeneously with Seed Layer substrate, wherein, plant seed is selected from Festuca Arundinacea, paspalum notatum, coreopsis, Coreopsis basalis, Trifolium repense, Bermuda grass, sesbania, Leucaena leucocephala (L.), horse spine, spends more Drymotaenium miyoshianum (Mak.) Mak., akeake etc., Seed Layer is sprayed onto on Soil improvement matrix layer by the mode adopting wet shot, and thickness is about 2-3cm;
(10) Caulis et Folium Oryzae curtain shelters from heat or light layer: is covered by Caulis et Folium Oryzae curtain comprehensively and is fixed on Seed Layer, grows up the environment providing suitable for germination and seedling;
(11) drain dyke: the ecological rod of longitudinal erection two in domatic both sides, spacing is 30-50cm, laterally sets up ecological rod domatic and make it be slightly inclined to side.
2. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (1), the domatic length of step is 8-10m, step platform width 0.5-1m.
3. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (3), ecology bag adopts flexible ecological bag, and in ecology bag, packing material includes the composition of following percentage by weight: peeling off ore deposit soil 60-70%, fertilizer 15-25%, rice husk 10-20%, ecology bag piling height is 0.8-1.5m.
4. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the grid in step (2), (7) is geotechnique's two-way grille, intensity >=20KN.
5. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that Calx and to plant the ratio of loam be 1:10-15 in step (4), the consumption of binding agent is determined according to unit are, it is preferable that consumption is 10-15g/m2。
6. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that phosphate fertilizer, fertilizer in step (5), to plant loam ratio be 2:3:5(v:v:v).
7. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step, the Soil improvement matrix layer in (8) and/or the seed layer materials in step (9) plant interpolation rice husk 6-8kg, fertilizer 2-3kg, compound fertilizer 1-2kg, Nutrition Soil 0.4-0.6kg, binding agent 0.05-0.2kg, water-retaining agent 0.05-0.2kg in loam by every side.
8. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that in step in the Soil improvement matrix in (8) binder dosage more than water-retaining agent, in step in the Seed Layer substrate in (9) binder dosage less than water-retaining agent.
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CN108246798A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-07-06 | 青岛冠中生态股份有限公司 | Utilize the method for spray seeding technique restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal |
CN109168391A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2019-01-11 | 鞍钢集团矿业有限公司 | A kind of method of iron tailings soil |
CN109258324A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2019-01-25 | 鞍钢集团矿业有限公司 | A kind of sow grass seeds by duster material and its application for mine slope protection greening |
CN109618794A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-16 | 内蒙古蒙草生态环境(集团)股份有限公司 | A kind of Mine production side slope restorative procedure |
CN109691336A (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2019-04-30 | 内蒙古蒙草生态环境(集团)股份有限公司 | A kind of Mine production shade water-retaining method |
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CN109168391A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2019-01-11 | 鞍钢集团矿业有限公司 | A kind of method of iron tailings soil |
CN109258324A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2019-01-25 | 鞍钢集团矿业有限公司 | A kind of sow grass seeds by duster material and its application for mine slope protection greening |
CN109618794A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-16 | 内蒙古蒙草生态环境(集团)股份有限公司 | A kind of Mine production side slope restorative procedure |
CN109691336A (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2019-04-30 | 内蒙古蒙草生态环境(集团)股份有限公司 | A kind of Mine production shade water-retaining method |
CN110521503A (en) * | 2019-08-07 | 2019-12-03 | 叶建军 | Wet shot plant cover concrete ecological vestige |
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CN110506573A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-11-29 | 贵州省水利水电勘测设计研究院 | A method of for slope ecological reparation |
CN111295961A (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2020-06-19 | 贵州大学 | In-situ greening method and in-situ greening device for electrolytic manganese slag storage yard |
CN111662722A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2020-09-15 | 北京矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Soilless planting substrate for vegetation recovery of metal mine waste rock yard and vegetation recovery construction method thereof |
CN111662723A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2020-09-15 | 北京矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Acidic improved matrix for metal ore waste rock yard and vegetation recovery construction method thereof |
CN111662722B (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2021-06-15 | 北京矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Soilless planting substrate for vegetation recovery of metal mine waste rock yard and vegetation recovery construction method thereof |
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