CN111662722B - Soilless planting substrate for vegetation recovery of metal mine waste rock yard and vegetation recovery construction method thereof - Google Patents
Soilless planting substrate for vegetation recovery of metal mine waste rock yard and vegetation recovery construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soilless planting substrate for recovering vegetation in a metal ore waste rock yard and a vegetation recovery construction method thereof, wherein the soilless planting substrate comprises HDS bottom mud, rice hulls, fermented sludge, an organic polymerization crosslinking agent and a microbial agent; the vegetation recovery construction method comprises the steps of pretreating the metal ore waste rock field, preparing an acidic modified substrate and water into a thick slurry acidic modified material, spraying the acidic modified material on the surface of the metal ore waste rock field to be recovered, solidifying, uniformly mixing a soilless planting substrate and plant seeds, and blowing and sowing the mixture on the surface of the metal ore waste rock field containing an acidic modified layer. The soilless planting substrate can realize resource utilization of solid wastes and restoration of vegetation without foreign soil in a metal ore waste rock field, and adjust the contents of organic nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matters in soil; the vegetation recovery construction method has good environmental benefit and social benefit, simple process, good effect and suitability for large-area application, and can avoid the problems of a large amount of dust and harm to the health of workers in the existing construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetation restoration, relates to vegetation restoration of a metal mine waste rock yard, and particularly relates to a soilless planting substrate for vegetation restoration of the metal mine waste rock yard and a vegetation restoration construction method thereof.
Background
Mining waste acidification is a common phenomenon in the prior art. The proportion of sulfide existing in the minerals of the metal mine is large, the sulfide existing in the minerals accounts for about 75% of the total amount of various types of minerals, and a large amount of solid waste is generated due to extremely low grade and large mineral stripping ratio; wherein, about 1.25 tons of waste rocks are generated on average per 1 ton of ore mined from the mountain, about 1.3-1.4 hundred million tons/a of waste rocks are discharged in recent years, and billions of tons of waste rocks are accumulated and stockpiled.
Stacking the waste rocks in the open air, oxidizing sulfur and metal sulfides in the waste rocks under the catalytic action of microorganisms such as thiobacillus ferrooxidans and thiobacillus thiooxidans, and washing the waste rocks by rainwater to form Acid Mine Draina (AMD); because the pH value of AMD is extremely low and contains Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, As and Al metalsIons and SO42-And the environment is polluted and damaged.
At present, a vegetation recovery mode of foreign soil is mainly adopted in a metal ore waste rock field, and the soil demand is huge. The land occupation area of a waste rock field of a large open-pit mining mine is up to several square kilometers, the required planting earthwork amount is up to several million cubic meters according to the average covering soil of 20cm, the mining areas of China are mostly distributed in deep mountain rock areas, particularly, few mines in the south are not required to be planted at all, and cultivated land and soil are bought in some places or even in other places, so that the cultivated land loss is caused, meanwhile, the mine treatment cost is greatly improved, and the large-scale implementation of metal mine vegetation recovery engineering is severely restricted.
With the increasing strictness of environmental protection, the solid wastes of mines are fully utilized, the research and development of the soilless vegetation recovery technology of the barren rock dumps become important ways for carrying out green mine construction and sustainable development of mining industry, and until now, no relevant reports on soilless planting base materials for vegetation recovery of metal mine barren rock dumps and vegetation recovery construction methods thereof are seen.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects, the invention provides the soilless planting substrate for recovering the vegetation in the metal ore waste rock yard, which is prepared by taking the mine solid waste as the raw material, and the soilless planting substrate is applied to the vegetation recovery in the metal ore waste rock yard, so that the problems that the demand for soil is huge and secondary ecological damage is easily caused by taking soil in different places in the vegetation recovery mode adopting soil dressing in the prior art are solved, and the mine solid waste which is huge in production amount, low in utilization rate and occupies a large amount of land in stockpiling can be fully utilized.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a soilless planting substrate for vegetation recovery of a metal ore waste rock yard, which comprises HDS (high-density polyethylene) bottom mud, rice hulls, fermented sludge, an organic polymerization crosslinking agent and a microbial agent, wherein the volume ratio of the HDS bottom mud to the rice hulls to the fermented sludge is (0.01-50): (25-75): (22-27.5).
In the technical scheme, the adding amounts of the organic polymerization cross-linking agent and the microbial agent are respectively calculated according to the area of the metal ore waste rock field to be recovered10-15g/m3And 3-5g/m3。
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the viable count of the microbial inoculum is (2.3-2.8) × 108cfu/g and (2.6-3.5). times.108cfu/g of a mixture of bacillus and actinomycetes.
In detail, the microbial agent is a biological preparation product with multiple functions, and a nutrient agent, a growth promoter and a biological enzyme with high nutritive value are added, so that a high-quality soil conditioner and an organic fertilizer can be provided, the variety and the quantity of microorganisms in soil can be effectively improved, and the improvement of soil fertility and plant growth rate is facilitated.
Further, in the technical scheme, the HDS bottom mud is waste obtained by recovering valuable elements from mine acid wastewater and performing acid-base neutralization treatment on lime milk or carbide slag, the water content of the waste is less than or equal to 40%, and the pH value of the waste is 6-7.5.
In detail, the HDS substrate sludge is a type I general industrial solid waste which is a local material.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the rice hulls are waste after rice processing.
In detail, the rice hulls are rich in cellulose, lignin and silicon dioxide, and the higher the silicon dioxide content in the rice hulls is, the harder the rice hulls are, the stronger the wear resistance is, and the rice hulls are solid waste resources capable of being recycled. The rice hulls and the HDS bottom mud are mixed, so that the storage property and the buffering property of the HDS bottom mud can be improved, meanwhile, the use of the rice hulls can protect the rural ecological environment and promote the ecological development of agriculture; other ground crop products having the above-described functions may be used, and the effects are superior to those in the present application.
Further, in the technical scheme, the fermented sludge is humoid obtained by high-temperature aerobic fermentation of dewatered sludge, the water content of the humoid is less than or equal to 30%, and the density of the humoid is 1.2-1.5g/cm3The grain size is less than 10 mm.
In detail, the fermented sludge is dewatered sludge of an urban sewage treatment plant, and is fermented, decomposed and converted into humoid with higher stability by aerobic microorganisms by adopting a high-temperature aerobic composting method; the mud is brown, loose, dispersed and fine-grained, the water content is less than or equal to 30.0 percent, and the mud reaches the related regulation and control standard of mud quality for sludge disposal and landscaping in urban sewage treatment plants (GB/T23486-.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the organic polymer cross-linking agent is a natural adhesive prepared by compounding, blending and modifying plant seeds as rubber powder.
In detail, the organic polymer cross-linking agent is a natural adhesive prepared by taking plant seeds as rubber powder as a main raw material and compounding, mixing and modifying the plant seeds. Aiming at the defect that the traditional high-molecular compound adhesive is not easy to degrade, the organic polymerization crosslinking agent greatly improves the attachment strength of soil particles by establishing binding crosslinking between fibers and soil, promotes the formation of a soil particle agglomerate structure, can optimize the living environment of soil microorganisms and further promotes the curing of the soil; other organic polymeric crosslinking agents having the above-mentioned functions may also be used, and the effects are preferred as used herein.
The invention also provides a vegetation recovery construction method of the metal ore waste rock yard, which comprises the steps of pretreating the metal ore waste rock yard, preparing the acid modified substrate and water into thick slurry acid modified material, spraying the acid modified material to the surface of the metal ore waste rock yard to be recovered to be solidified to form an acid modified layer, then uniformly mixing the soilless planting substrate and plant seeds, and blowing and sowing the mixture to the surface of the metal ore waste rock yard to be recovered, wherein the surface of the metal ore waste rock yard contains the acid modified layer.
In the technical scheme, the blowing-sowing thickness of the soilless planting substrate and the mixed plant seeds is 2.0-3.0 cm.
In the technical scheme, the blowing amount of the plant seeds is 25-35g/m by the area of the metal ore waste rock yard to be recovered2。
Specifically, in the technical scheme, the plant seeds mainly adopt local proper-living trees and shrubs and auxiliary herbaceous plants; in detail, the seed dosage ratio of the herbaceous plant should be controlled within 3-5g/m2To prevent the herbaceous plants from influencing the growth of woody plants after germination.
Further, in the above technical solution, the solid-to-liquid ratio of the acidic modification material is (3-5): and in the spraying process, controlling the acid modified material to completely permeate into the barren rock gaps of the metal ore barren rock field, and avoiding the formed fluid from flowing on the surface of the metal ore barren rock field.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the acidic modified material is sprayed to the surface of the metal ore waste dump to be restored by multiple spraying.
Further preferably, in the above technical solution, the interval between adjacent spraying is to control the last spraying of the acidic modified material to complete the consolidation.
Still further, in the above technical solution, the thickness of the acid-modified layer in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the metal ore dumps is 1.0 to 1.5 m.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the acidic modified substrate is composed of HDS bottom mud, lime powder, rice hull and organic polymeric cross-linking agent.
Further preferably, in the above technical solution, it corresponds to 1-3m3The addition amount of the lime powder, the rice hull and the organic polymerization crosslinking agent is 20-40kg, 5-10kg and 50-100g respectively.
Still further, in the above technical solution, the pretreatment of the metal ore waste rock yard specifically includes:
s1, removing side slope pumice of the metal ore waste rock yard, eliminating hidden danger of side slope rockfall, cutting slope and reducing load, and reducing local slope according to the slope smaller than the natural repose angle;
s2, carrying out slope land transformation on the metal ore waste rock field, and preparing soil according to contour lines to form a plurality of large-step slope surfaces and small-step slope surfaces on the side slope;
s3, constructing criss-cross drainage ditches according to the metal mine waste rock site terrain, and constructing a good rainwater diversion system.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, in step S2, the contour line is 20-40 cm.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, in step S2, the slope length of the large step slope surface is 10 to 15m, and the main platform and the auxiliary platform are arranged at different pitch of the slope length.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the main stages are spaced at intervals of 30 to 45m, the width of the main stages is 1.5 to 2.5m, the sub-stages are spaced at intervals of 10 to 15m, and the width of the sub-stages is 0.5 to 1.0 m.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, in step S2, the platform width of the small step slope surface is 5-15cm, and the platform of the small step slope surface forms an inward inclination angle of 3-5 °.
Still further, in the above technical scheme, the vegetation restoration construction method further comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the soilless planting substrate and the plant seeds, blowing and sowing, and then arranging a drip irrigation system according to the terrain of the metal mine waste rock field to ensure that the vegetation is effectively managed and protected after restoration.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the soilless planting substrate for vegetation recovery of the metal ore waste rock yard selects HDS bottom mud, rice hulls and fermented sludge as main raw materials, the HDS bottom mud and the fermented sludge are wide in source and low in utilization rate, and the independent stacking has certain pollution to the surrounding environment;
(2) according to the invention, the selected HDS bottom mud, rice hulls, fermented sludge, organic polymerization cross-linking agent and microbial agent are prepared into the soilless planting substrate for recovering the vegetation in the metal ore waste rock field according to a reasonable proportion, so that the contents of organic nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matters in soil can be effectively regulated, the soil structure is improved, and a good plant growth environment is created;
(3) the vegetation recovery construction method of the metal ore waste rock yard provided by the invention aims at the irregularity of the particle size of the waste rock of the metal ore waste rock yard to be recovered, and forms an acid improved layer with a surface layer and a vertical three-dimensional structure by means of hydraulic spray-seeding, preferably by adopting multiple times of spraying under the action of the gravity of fluid, and particularly adopts hydraulic spray-seeding equipment with better mechanization degree, so that the problems of a large amount of dust and the occupational health of workers caused by dry spraying or spreading of lime powder in the prior art are avoided, the production efficiency is high, and the environmental benefit and the social benefit are huge;
(4) the vegetation recovery construction method for the metal ore waste rock yard has the advantages of simple construction process, easy implementation, high efficiency, good effect, suitability for large-area application, obvious effect of optimizing ecological environment and long-term significance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of vegetation restoration of a metal mine spoil yard in an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure:
the metal ore waste rock field comprises a metal ore waste rock field 1, a main platform 2, an auxiliary platform 3, a platform 4, a drainage ditch 5, an acidic improved material 6 and a soilless planting substrate 7.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given to further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims.
Unless otherwise specified, the test reagents and materials used in the examples of the present invention are commercially available.
Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples of the present invention are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.
In the present embodiment, the unit of volume may be cubic meters, cubic kilometers, etc., and the unit of weight may be grams, kilograms, etc., depending on the particular production situation.
In the south of China, a certain large copper ore waste rock yard is put into use in 1985, the discharge is stopped in 1997, the height of a stack is 55 meters, a natural repose angle is stacked, a side slope platform is not arranged, and the waste rock yard is discarded for more than 20 years. Because the waste rock is located in the south, the rainfall is large, the weathering degree of the waste rock is high in an open storage yard for a long time, a uniform and vertical structure is formed on the surface layer of the waste rock, and an obvious erosion gully is formed. The results of on-site sampling analysis show that the pH value of the stock dump leaching solution is 3.0-4.5, and the waste rock dump has sporadic local vegetation.
Setting 4 experimental areas marked as A, B, C and D in the waste rock field, and performing vegetation restoration on the experimental areas, as shown in figure 1, specifically comprising the following steps:
(1) removing side slope pumice of the metal ore waste rock field 1, and carrying out slope cutting and load reduction on a side slope with a large erosion gully to ensure the overall stability;
(2) carrying out slope land transformation on a metal ore waste rock field, and preparing soil according to contour lines to enable a side slope to form a plurality of large-step slope surfaces and small-step slope surfaces, wherein the large-step slope surfaces are provided with a main platform 2 and an auxiliary platform 3 according to different slope lengths in combination with terrain, and platforms 4 of the small-step slope surfaces form 3-5-degree inclination angles inwards;
(3) constructing criss-cross drainage ditches 5 according to the metal ore waste rock site terrain, and constructing a good rainwater diversion system;
(4) preparing an acidic modified substrate and water into a thick slurry acidic modified material 6, spraying the acidic modified material to the surface of a metal ore waste rock yard to be recovered through a hydraulic spray-seeding machine, and solidifying to form an acidic modified layer;
(5) after the soilless planting substrate 7 and the plant seeds are uniformly mixed, a special high-speed blowing and sowing machine is adopted to blow and sow the mixture on the surface of the metal ore waste site to be restored, which contains the acid modified layer;
(6) and (3) arranging a drip irrigation system according to the terrain of the metal ore waste rock field to ensure that the vegetation is effectively managed and protected after being recovered.
In the embodiment of the invention, the HDS bottom mud is the I-type general industrial solid waste which is obtained from local materials, the water content of the HDS bottom mud is less than or equal to 40 percent, and the pH value of the HDS bottom mud is 6-7.5; the rice hull is from a certain large-scale rice processing enterprise in China; the fermentation sludge is dewatered sludge of urban sewage treatment plant by high temperature aerobic composting method, is fermented and decomposed by aerobic microorganisms and is converted into humoid with high stability, the appearance of the humoid is brown, loose, dispersed and fine granular, the water content is less than or equal to 30.0 percent, and the density is 1.2-1.5g/cm3The grain size is less than 10mm, and the mud reaches the urban sewageSludge treatment for water treatment plants, sludge for landscaping (GB/T23486-; the organic polymerization cross-linking agent is a commercial organic polymerization cross-linking agent G-Tac product; the microbial agent is a commercial multi-element biological preparation product, and specifically has viable count of 2.5 × 108cfu/g and 3.0X 108cfu/g of a mixture of bacillus and actinomycetes.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the ecological restoration is performed on the experimental area a, and the related technical parameters are as follows:
(1) in the slope land transformation, the height of a contour line is 20cm, the slope length of a large-step slope surface is 10m, the distance between main platforms is 30m, the width is 1.5m, the distance between auxiliary platforms is 10m, the width is 0.5m, and the platform width of a small-step slope surface is 5 cm;
(2) concentrated slurry acidic modified material, solid-to-liquid ratio is 3: 10, the HDS bottom mud, lime powder, rice husk and organic polymeric cross-linking agent are respectively used in an amount of 0.1m per square meter of waste rock field32kg, 0.5kg and 5 g;
(3) the soilless planting substrate is characterized in that the volume ratio of HDS bottom mud, rice hulls and fermented sludge is 25: 50: 25, the adding amount of the organic polymerization cross-linking agent and the microbial agent is respectively 10g/m by the area of the metal ore waste rock yard to be recovered3And 3g/m3；
(4) The blowing seeding amount of the plant seeds is 25g/m2The plant seeds are mixture of arbor and shrub seeds and herbaceous plant seeds, wherein the blowing seeding amount of the herbaceous plant seeds is 3g/m2Finally, the thickness of the mixture of the soilless planting substrate and the plant seeds after blowing is 2.8 cm.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the ecological restoration is performed on the experimental area B, and the related technical parameters are as follows:
(1) in the slope land transformation, the height of a contour line is 40cm, the slope length of a large-step slope surface is 15m, the distance between main platforms is 45m, the width is 2.5m, the distance between auxiliary platforms is 15m, the width is 1.0m, and the platform width of a small-step slope surface is 15 cm;
(2) concentrated slurry acidic modifying material, the solid-to-liquid ratio is 5: 10, the HDS bottom mud, lime powder, rice husk and organic polymer gum corresponding to each square meter of waste rock fieldThe dosage of the coupling agent is 0.3m34kg, 1.0kg and 10 g;
(3) the soilless planting substrate has the volume ratio of HDS bottom mud, rice hulls and fermented sludge of 50: 25: 25, the adding amount of the organic polymerization cross-linking agent and the microbial agent is respectively 15g/m by the area of the metal ore waste rock yard to be recovered3And 5g/m3；
(4) The blowing seeding amount of the plant seeds is 35g/m2The plant seeds are mixture of arbor and shrub seeds and herbaceous plant seeds, wherein the blowing seeding amount of the herbaceous plant seeds is 5g/m2Finally, the thickness of the mixture of the soilless planting substrate and the plant seeds after blowing is 2.5 cm.
Example 3
In this embodiment, the ecological restoration is performed on the experimental area C, and the related technical parameters are as follows:
(1) in the slope land transformation, the height of a contour line is 30cm, the slope length of a large-step slope surface is 12m, the distance between main platforms is 40m, the width is 2.5m, the distance between auxiliary platforms is 12m, the width is 1.0m, and the platform width of a small-step slope surface is 15 cm;
(2) concentrated slurry acidic modified material, solid-to-liquid ratio is 4.5: 10, the HDS bottom mud, lime powder, rice husk and organic polymeric cross-linking agent are respectively used in an amount of 0.3m per square meter of waste rock field33kg, 1.0kg and 8 g;
(3) the soilless planting substrate is characterized in that the volume ratio of HDS bottom mud, rice hulls and fermented sludge is 40: 35: 25, the adding amount of the organic polymerization cross-linking agent and the microbial agent is respectively 15g/m by the area of the metal ore waste rock yard to be recovered3And 4g/m3；
(4) The blowing seeding amount of the plant seeds is 30g/m2The plant seeds are mixture of arbor and shrub seeds and herbaceous plant seeds, wherein the blowing seeding amount of the herbaceous plant seeds is 4g/m2Finally, the thickness of the mixture of the soilless planting substrate and the plant seeds after blowing is 3.0 cm.
Example 4
In this embodiment, the ecological restoration is performed on the experimental area D, and the related technical parameters are as follows:
(1) in the slope land transformation, the height of a contour line is 25cm, the slope length of a large-step slope surface is 10m, the distance between main platforms is 30m, the width is 2.0m, the distance between auxiliary platforms is 10m, the width is 0.8m, and the platform width of a small-step slope surface is 12 cm;
(2) concentrated slurry acidic modified material, solid-to-liquid ratio is 4: 10, the HDS bottom mud, lime powder, rice husk and organic polymeric cross-linking agent are respectively used in an amount of 0.2m per square meter of waste rock field32.5kg, 0.8kg and 6 g;
(3) the soilless planting substrate has the volume ratio of HDS bottom mud, rice hulls and fermented sludge of 30: 45: 25, the adding amount of the organic polymerization cross-linking agent and the microbial agent is respectively 15g/m by the area of the metal ore waste rock yard to be recovered3And 5g/m3；
(4) The blowing seeding amount of the plant seeds is 30g/m2The plant seeds are mixture of arbor and shrub seeds and herbaceous plant seeds, wherein the blowing seeding amount of the herbaceous plant seeds is 3g/m2Finally, the thickness of the mixture of the soilless planting substrate and the plant seeds after blowing is 2.0 cm.
According to the continuous tracking and monitoring for 3 years in each experimental area in the embodiment, the results show that the organic matter and the effective nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter content of the barren soil are obviously increased in the aspect of adjusting the organic nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter content of the soil, and the soil nutrient is improved from grade 6 to grade 3; in the aspect of improving the soil structure, the formation of a soil aggregate structure is promoted, soil acidification (weak acidity of soil) is relieved, the volume weight of the soil is reduced, the total porosity of the soil is increased, the water holding capacity of the soil is increased, surface runoff is effectively reduced, and the water and soil loss rate is controlled to be more than 95%; in the aspect of vegetation restoration, the plant coverage rate reaches more than 98 percent, a multilayer community taking woody plants as main parts and herbaceous plants as auxiliary parts is formed, and on-site sample survey shows that the slope surface forms a stable forward succession community structure taking local plants as main parts (rhus chinensis, slash pine, lespedeza bicolor and the like), the variety of the plants is increased from 15 types in the early restoration stage to more than 30 types, the variety of the species is gradually improved, and the restoration of a good ecological system is facilitated.
Finally, the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (14)
1. A soilless planting substrate for recovering vegetation in a metal ore waste rock yard, which is characterized in that,
the HDS sludge-rice hull-fermented organic polymer crosslinking agent comprises HDS substrate sludge, rice hulls, fermented sludge, an organic polymer crosslinking agent and a microbial agent, wherein the volume ratio of the HDS substrate sludge to the rice hulls to the fermented sludge is (0.01-50): (25-75): (22-27.5);
the HDS bottom mud is waste obtained by recovering valuable elements from mine acidic wastewater and performing acid-base neutralization treatment by lime milk or carbide slag, the water content of the waste is less than or equal to 40 percent, and the pH value of the waste is 6-7.5;
the rice hulls are waste after rice processing;
the fermented sludge is a humoid obtained by high-temperature aerobic fermentation of dewatered sludge, the water content of the humoid is less than or equal to 30 percent, and the density of the humoid is 1.2-1.5g/cm3The grain size is less than 10 mm;
the organic polymer cross-linking agent is a natural adhesive prepared by taking plant seeds as rubber powder and carrying out compound blending modification.
2. A soilless planting substrate according to claim 1,
the addition amount of the organic polymerization cross-linking agent and the microbial agent is respectively 10-15 g/m by the area of the metal ore waste rock field to be recovered3And 3-5g/m3。
3. A soilless culture substrate according to claim 2, wherein the microbial inoculum is of viable count (2.3-2.8) x 10 respectively8 cfu/g and (2.6-3.5). times.108cfu/g of a mixture of bacillus and actinomycetes.
4. A vegetation recovery construction method for a metal ore waste rock yard is characterized by comprising the steps of pretreating the metal ore waste rock yard, spraying an acidic improved substrate and water to the surface of the metal ore waste rock yard to be recovered to form a thick slurry-like acidic improved material, solidifying to form an acidic improved layer, then uniformly mixing the soilless planting substrate and plant seeds of any one of claims 1 to 3, and blowing the mixture to the surface of the metal ore waste rock yard to be recovered, wherein the surface of the metal ore waste rock yard to be recovered contains the acidic improved layer.
5. The vegetation restoration construction method according to claim 4,
the blowing and sowing thickness of the soilless planting substrate and the mixed plant seeds is 2.0-3.0 cm;
and/or the blowing-sowing amount of the plant seeds is 25-35g/m based on the area of the metal ore waste rock field to be recovered2。
6. The vegetation restoration construction method according to claim 5, wherein the plant seeds are a mixture of arbor and shrub seeds and herbaceous plant seeds, and the herbaceous plant seeds are blown in an amount of 3-5g/m2。
7. The vegetation restoration construction method according to claim 4,
the solid-liquid ratio of the acidic modifying material is (3-5): and in the spraying process, controlling the acid modified material to completely permeate into the barren rock gaps of the metal ore barren rock field, and avoiding the formed fluid from flowing on the surface of the metal ore barren rock field.
8. A vegetation restoration construction method according to claim 7 wherein the acidic improving material is sprayed to the surface of the metal mine waste rock site to be restored by multiple spraying;
the time interval between adjacent said jets is such as to control the completion of consolidation of the last jetted acidic modifying material.
9. The vegetation restoration construction method according to claim 4,
the thickness of the acid modified layer in the direction vertical to the surface of the metal ore waste rock yard is 1.0-1.5 m.
10. A vegetation restoration construction method according to claim 4 wherein the acidic modified substrate is composed of HDS bottom mud, lime powder, rice hulls and an organic polymeric cross-linking agent;
corresponding to 1-3m3The addition amount of the lime powder, the rice hull and the organic polymerization crosslinking agent is 20-40kg, 5-10kg and 50-100g respectively.
11. The vegetation restoration construction method according to any one of claims 4 to 10,
the pretreatment of the metal ore waste rock yard specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, removing side slope pumice of the metal ore waste rock yard, eliminating hidden danger of side slope rockfall, cutting slope and reducing load, and reducing local slope according to the slope smaller than the natural repose angle;
s2, carrying out slope land transformation on the metal ore waste rock field, and preparing soil according to contour lines to form a plurality of large-step slope surfaces and small-step slope surfaces on the side slope;
s3, constructing criss-cross drainage ditches according to the metal mine waste rock site terrain, and constructing a good rainwater diversion system.
12. A vegetation restoration construction method according to claim 11, wherein in step S2,
the contour line is 20-40 cm;
and/or the slope surface of the large step has a slope length of 10-15m, and the main platform and the auxiliary platform are arranged at different slope length intervals;
and/or the width of the platform of the small step slope surface is 5-15cm, and the platform of the small step slope surface inwards forms an inclination angle of 3-5 degrees.
13. A vegetation restoration construction method according to claim 12 wherein the main platforms are spaced at 30-45m intervals, the main platforms are 1.5-2.5m wide, the sub platforms are spaced at 10-15m intervals, and the sub platforms are 0.5-1.0m wide.
14. A vegetation restoration construction method according to any one of claims 4 to 10 further comprising, after mixing the soilless planting substrate and the plant seeds uniformly and blowing and sowing, arranging a drip irrigation system according to the topography of the metal mine spoil site.
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| CN113396795B (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2022-11-25 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Foreign soil and soil layer structure based on river and lake bottom mud and phosphorite solid waste and preparation method |
| CN113575352A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-11-02 | 厦门海石生态环境股份有限公司 | Method for producing artificial mixed planting soil by using mine wastes |
| CN113728882A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2021-12-03 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Composite matrix layer for ecological restoration and ecological restoration method of gangue pile in cold and arid regions |
| CN114303768A (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-04-12 | 四川大学 | Planting substrate for recovering vegetation in slag field and vegetation recovery construction method thereof |
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