CN114538986A - Improved tailings and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Improved tailings and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN114538986A
CN114538986A CN202210175583.6A CN202210175583A CN114538986A CN 114538986 A CN114538986 A CN 114538986A CN 202210175583 A CN202210175583 A CN 202210175583A CN 114538986 A CN114538986 A CN 114538986A
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tailings
percent
improved
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reactor
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毛喆
熊衍良
黄家兴
张金桃
杨涛涛
吴建强
熊挺宇
李显杰
舒玮
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Guangdong Taolin Ecological Environment Co ltd
Chengmenshan Copper Mine Of Jiangxi Copper Industry Co ltd
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Guangdong Taolin Ecological Environment Co ltd
Chengmenshan Copper Mine Of Jiangxi Copper Industry Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention provides improved tailings and a preparation method and application thereof. The improved tailings are prepared by anaerobic fermentation of tailings with improved materials, wherein the improved materials comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.01 to 0.05 percent of sulfate reducing bacteria agent, 20 to 30 percent of sesbania, 2 to 7 percent of molasses, 4 to 10 percent of wheat bran, 40 to 60 percent of chicken manure or pig manure, 3 to 8 percent of mushroom fertilizer, 2 to 4 percent of biomass charcoal and 3 to 5 percent of bentonite. The improved material can effectively inhibit acid production capability of the tailings and fix heavy metals through reasonable compounding of the raw materials, and obviously improves the content of C, N, P and other nutrient elements of the improved tailings. The improved tailings can replace planting soil to be used for reconstructing an ecosystem of a mining waste land, so that the plant coverage is up to more than 95%, the water and soil loss is effectively controlled, and the ecological environment of an area is improved, so that the mining waste land is repaired, a new way is developed for the resource utilization of the tailings, and the improved tailings have the advantages of simplicity, high efficiency, low cost, high comprehensive utilization rate of the tailings and the like.

Description

Improved tailings and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tailing resource utilization and mine restoration, and particularly relates to improved tailings and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Tailings are one of the most major industrial wastes. According to the statistics of the State safety supervision Bureau, 15.3 ten thousand mines in China generate a large amount of tailings in the process of mining and mineral separation, the total accumulation amount of the tailings exceeds 80 hundred million tons, the stacking places (called tailings ponds) exceed 12000 seats, and the annual growth amount exceeds 12 hundred million tons. At present, comprehensive utilization of domestic and foreign tailing resources is mainly used for building material production, including brick making, cement production, glass material production, wall material production, ceramic material production, other building materials and the like. As 80% of natural mineral resources in China are associated minerals, the comprehensive utilization process technology is not complete, so that a plurality of mine resources cannot be utilized or the recovery rate is low after utilization. At present, the total recovery rate of mineral resources can only reach about 30%, the comprehensive utilization rate of tailings is only about 7%, a large amount of land is occupied, and environmental geological disasters such as dam break, debris flow and the like can be caused.
In addition, the heavy metal pollution environmental problem caused by tailings is also very serious. The tailings contain various toxic and harmful substances, such As Cd, Cu, Cr, Hg, Mo, Pb, Zn, As and the like. Acidification of tailings, which contain metallic sulfur minerals (mainly pyrite FeS), is a significant cause of the above-mentioned pollution problems2) After fully contacting with air and water, under the catalytic action of iron/sulfur oxidizing microorganisms (mainly including sulfobacillus acidocaldarius, thiobacillus, leptospira, aceroleum and iron protomer), the oxidation reaction can be rapidly carried out to generate acid, and the chemical reaction equation is shown in (1-1) to (1-3):
FeS2+3.5O2+H2O→FeSO4+H2SO4 (1-1)
14Fe2++3.5O2+14H+→14Fe3++7H2O (1-2)
FeS2+14Fe3++8H2O→15Fe2++2SO4 2-+16H+ (1-3)
in a strong acid environment, the solubility of heavy metal elements is increased, heavy metal pollutants can be widely diffused through the air, water and other ways, the ecological environment of mines and surrounding areas is seriously polluted, the ecological system is extremely degraded, and the pollutants can also directly or indirectly influence the health of human bodies through a food chain.
Therefore, comprehensive utilization of the tailings is vigorously carried out, which has very important significance for protecting and improving ecological environment and improving resource utilization efficiency, and is beneficial to solving the problem that a large amount of tailings are piled up to occupy land.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the invention aims to provide an improved tailing and a preparation method and application thereof. The acid production capacity of the improved tailings is inhibited, heavy metals are fixed, the content of C, N, P and other nutrient elements is obviously improved, and the improved tailings can be used for reconstructing an ecosystem of a mining waste land instead of planting soil, so that the mining waste land is repaired, and the comprehensive utilization of the tailings is realized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the tailing improved material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.01 to 0.05 percent of sulfate reducing bacteria agent, 20 to 30 percent of sesbania, 2 to 7 percent of molasses, 4 to 10 percent of wheat bran, 40 to 60 percent of chicken manure or pig manure, 3 to 8 percent of mushroom fertilizer, 2 to 4 percent of biomass charcoal and 3 to 5 percent of bentonite.
In some embodiments, the modified material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.02-0.04% of sulfate reducing bacteria agent, 25-30% of sesbania, 3-6% of molasses, 5-8% of wheat bran, 40-50% of chicken manure or pig manure, 3-6% of mushroom fertilizer, 2-4% of biomass charcoal and 3-5% of bentonite.
In some of these embodiments, the Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria (SRB) is an acidophilic Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria.
In some of these embodiments, the sesbania is comminuted into sesbania fibers having a length of 0.5cm to 2 cm.
The improved material has the following functions of the raw materials:
sesbania, molasses and wheat bran: as an electron donor for sulfate-reducing bacteria;
chicken manure/pig manure, mushroom fertilizer: as a nutrient for the growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria;
biomass charcoal: adsorbing heavy metals in tailings;
bentonite: the cohesiveness of the improved material is increased, and the spray seeding operation is convenient.
Sulfate-reducing bacteria produce hydrogen sulfide and alkalinity by utilizing organic matter and sulfate, and precipitate heavy metals and neutralize acids on the basis of the hydrogen sulfide and alkalinity, and the reaction equation is as follows:
①2CH2o (organic, electron donor) + SO4 2–→H2S+2HCO3 –
②H2S+M2+(various heavy metal ions) → MS(s) +2H+(Hydrogen sulfide precipitation of dissolved metal ions as low-solubility metal sulfides)
③HCO3 –+H+→CO2(g)+H2O (alkalinity of bicarbonate generated by organic electron donor neutralizes acidity generated by tailings)
On the other hand, sulfate reducing bacteria and iron/sulfur oxidizing microorganisms are functionally competitive, and mass propagation of the sulfate reducing bacteria can inhibit growth of the iron/sulfur oxidizing microorganisms, reduce the proportion of the iron/sulfur oxidizing microorganisms and further control acid production of tailings.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the improved tailings, which comprises the following steps: and carrying out layered retting on the improved material and tailings to form a reactor for anaerobic fermentation.
In some of these embodiments, the reactor includes reaction layers, each of which includes, in order from bottom to top, a tailings layer and a upgraded material layer.
In some of these embodiments, the reactor contains 4-6 reaction layers.
In some of these embodiments, the thickness of the tailings bed is 30cm to 50 cm; the thickness of the improved material layer is 2 cm-5 cm.
In some of the examples, the bottom of the reactor is paved with a bentonite layer, the top is paved with a tailings layer, and the tailings layer is covered with an HDPE impermeable membrane.
In some of these embodiments, the thickness of the roof-laid layer of tailings is between 10cm and 20 cm.
In some of these embodiments, the HDPE barrier film has a thickness of 1.5 mm.
In some of these embodiments, the anaerobic fermentation is performed for a period of 20 to 40 days.
In some of these embodiments, the tailings are selected from at least one of copper, lead-zinc, tungsten, iron, or manganese ore tailings.
In some of the embodiments, the pH value of the tailings is 7.0-10.0.
In some embodiments, because the growth temperature of the sulfate reducing bacteria is not more than 40 ℃ generally, and the anaerobic fermentation process is accompanied with a certain temperature rise, when the outdoor temperature exceeds 33 ℃, a straw curtain is laid above the reactor or a simple shade shed is built, so that the phenomenon that the growth of strains is influenced due to overhigh temperature in the reactor is avoided.
The invention also provides the improved tailings prepared by the method, which can be used for reconstructing an ecosystem of a mining wasteland instead of planting soil.
The invention also provides application of the improved tailings in the mining waste land restoration.
The invention also provides a mining wasteland restoration substrate which comprises the improved tailings.
In some of these embodiments, the mining wasteland restoration substrate comprises modified tailings, plant seeds, acidophilic sulfate reducing bacteria, water retention agents, modifiers, adhesives, lime, grass fibers, and is formulated with water.
The improved material suitable for improving the tailings is obtained through optimization, and the improved material can effectively inhibit the acid-producing capability of the improved tailings and fix heavy metals through reasonable compounding of raw materials, and obviously improves the content of C, N, P and other nutrient elements of the improved tailings. The tailings obtained by the improved material and the method can replace planting soil to be used for rebuilding an ecological system of a mining abandoned land, so that the plant coverage is up to more than 95%, the water and soil loss is effectively controlled, the ecological environment of the area is improved, the mining abandoned land is restored, and the effective utilization of the tailings is realized.
The improved material comprises sesbania, and the inventor finds that the sesbania can quickly grow on the abandoned mine ground through a large number of experimental researches, the fresh grass yield is high, two crops grow in one year, and the improved material is a good nitrogen fertilizer resource. Mine wastelands where sesbania is planted include, but are not limited to: refuse dumps, tailings ponds, etc. For convenient management, the sesbania is planted in the abandoned mine land generally near the tailing pond, harvesting is carried out once every 2-3 months, and the next batch is immediately sown after each batch is harvested, so that sufficient supply of the sesbania is ensured.
The reactor site for improving the tailings can be directly arranged in a tailing pond, does not occupy the land and is convenient to utilize the tailings, so that the management cost is reduced; the improved tailings can be directly used as a base material for mining waste land restoration, so that the situation that planting soil with a proper source needs to be searched and transported in the mining waste land restoration process is avoided, and the restoration difficulty and cost are reduced.
The method is simple and easy to operate, and the environment-friendly product produced by the mine solid waste is used as a mine ecological environment treatment project, so that a new way for recycling tailings is developed, the implementation effect is good, and the method is suitable for large-area popularization and application in heavy metal mine ecological environment treatment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a reactor in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a top view of the reactor of example 1.
Fig. 3 is a photograph comparing the tailings dam of example 1 before and after spray-seeding repair.
FIG. 4 is a photograph showing the comparison between the time of the spray-seeding restoration of the acid rock slope in example 2.
In the figure, 1 — reactor; 2, a groove; 3-bentonite layer; 4-tailing layer; 5-modifying the material layer.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments:
example 1
In this embodiment, a 100m × 20m area of a 100m copper mine tailing reservoir dam of a certain copper mine in the Jiujiang province in the west of the Yangtze river is selected as an ecological restoration test area.
1. Preparation of modified tailings
The implementation site is located in a certain copper mine tailing pond in the Kyujiang river in the Jiangxi, a region with the size of 4m multiplied by 50m is selected as a reactor site, and a region with the size of 50m multiplied by 50m is selected as a sesbania planting region. Through detection, the pH mean value of a newly produced tailing sample is 8.0, the tailing sample is alkalescent, the acidification problem is not generated, but the tailing sample has acid production potential, and if the tailing sample is not effectively treated and is directly exposed in the air, the oxidation acid production is very easy to generate, and the environmental problem is caused. The improved tailings are prepared by anaerobic fermentation of a reactor by the following steps:
(1) planting sesbania in a planting area of a tailing pond in 3 months, harvesting after 3 months, and crushing the harvested sesbania into fibers with the length of 2cm by using a crusher.
(2) A4 m multiplied by 50m tailing reactor site is built in a tailing pond, a layer of bentonite with the depth of 1.5cm is sprayed and sown by a spray-sowing machine after the reaction site is leveled and compacted by an excavator, and a circle of groove with the depth of 80cm and the width of 50cm is dug around the reactor.
(3) The improved materials are mixed according to the mass ratio of 30 percent of sesbania fiber, 4 percent of molasses, 7.98 percent of wheat bran, 0.02 percent of acidophilic sulfate reducing bacteria agent, 45 percent of chicken manure, 6 percent of mushroom fertilizer, 3 percent of biomass charcoal and 4 percent of bentonite, and are mixed with water to form a mixture with the concentration of 50 percent and then poured into a spray seeder. Paving a layer of tailings on a reaction site by adopting an excavator, and then spraying a layer of improved material on the tailings by using a spraying-seeding machine to form a reaction layer; and paving tailings and spraying improved materials layer by layer, wherein the thickness of the tailings layer of each reaction layer is 40cm, the thickness of the improved material layer is 3.5cm, and the total number of the reaction layers is 5.
After the laying of the tailings and the improved materials and the spray seeding are finished, a 10cm tailing layer is laid on a reactor by an excavator for compaction to ensure the stable structure of the reactor, an HDPE impermeable film with the thickness of 1.5mm and a straw curtain with the thickness of 2cm are sequentially covered on the reactor for seepage prevention, oxygen isolation and shading, the corners of the impermeable film are placed in grooves around the reactor, the tailings compaction grooves are backfilled to obtain the reactor, the section view of which is shown in figure 1, and the top view of which is shown in figure 2.
(4) After the tailings are subjected to anaerobic fermentation for 1 month, the straw curtains and the impermeable membranes on the reactor are removed, the improved tailings are collected by an excavator, various indexes of the improved tailings are detected, the results are shown in table 1, and the improved tailings are conveyed to an ecological restoration test area for spray seeding.
Table 1 jiujiang improved tailings index test results (n is 8, mean ± sem)
Index (I) Before improvement After improvement
pH 8.0±0.2 7.1±0.1
EC(μS/cm) 2274±23 315±15
NAG-pH 4.1±0.1 7.9±0.1
Total lead (mg/kg) 127±11 111±4.4
Total zinc (mg/kg) 375±8.4 308±13
Total copper (mg/kg) 1006±13 758±39
Total cadmium (mg/kg) 4.8±0.2 3.0±0.3
Effective lead (mg/kg) 4.0±0.7 0.6±0.1
Effective zinc (mg/kg) 31±0.7 4.7±0.8
Available copper (mg/kg) 121±4.2 12±1.2
Effective cadmium (mg/kg) 0.91±0.02 0.17±0.02
Organic matter (g/kg) 2.7±0.2 32.2±2.9
Total nitrogen (g/kg) 0.18±0.01 2.00±0.15
Total phosphorus (g/kg) 0.28±0.05 1.26±0.10
In the embodiment, the improved material is added to the reactor to form the improved material layer by adopting a spray seeding mode, so that water needs to be added into the improved material before spray seeding, and the improved material is also favorably permeated into the lower-layer tailings to be better fused. If the artificial spreading mode is adopted for adding, water is thoroughly poured after the spreading is finished.
After anaerobic fermentation, the tailings and the improved material are integrated into a whole to form the improved tailings. From the detection results, the tailings before improvement are typical newly discharged heavy metal tailings, are alkalescent, have the pH value of 8.0, have serious standard exceeding of conductivity, have certain acid production potential, have high total and available state contents of copper and cadmium, and have very deficient levels of nutrient elements such as organic matters, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and the like, and can not meet the plant growth requirement completely in general. After the improved material is added for anaerobic fermentation improvement, the pH value of the improved tailings is closer to the neutrality meeting the growth of plants and is 7.1, the conductivity is reduced to the normal soil level range (0-400 mu S/cm), the NAG-pH value is increased to 7.9, and the acid production capability of the tailings is effectively controlled; the total amount of the heavy metal is slightly reduced due to the addition of the improved material, most obviously, the effective state content of the heavy metal is obviously reduced, and the reduction ratio is 81-90 percent, which indicates that the heavy metal ions are effectively fixed; the indexes of nutrient elements such as organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus are obviously improved to reach rich levels which are respectively 11.8 times, 11 times and 4.6 times of the original levels, so that the nutrient elements can meet the requirements of materials used as spraying seeding base materials and nutrient substances of plants.
2. Ecological restoration of copper mine tailing reservoir dam
Selecting a 100m multiplied by 20m area of a copper mine tailing reservoir dam of a certain copper mine in Jiujiang, the west as an ecological restoration test area, wherein the test area is a dam face built by filling tailings into mold bags, a layer of geomembrane for preventing the mold bags from aging is laid on the dam face, and obvious acid wastewater traces are found on the surface of the geomembrane in a field investigation mode.
And (4) carrying out ecological restoration on the test area by adopting a spray-seeding process, and uncovering the geomembrane covered on the outer slope surface of the mold bag before spray-seeding so as to create a good attachment space for the spray-seeding base material. The spray-seeding substrate comprises: improved tailings of 0.2t/m260g/m of plant seeds2(bermudagrass, paspalum broadleaf, ryegrass, coreopsis, chrysanthemum sulphureum, coreopsis, acacia, rape, pigeon pea, sesbania, lespedeza, rhus chinensis, amorpha fruticosa and the like), 26g/m of water-retaining agent22kg/m of modifier226g/m of binder21.5kg/m of grass fiber2And adding water for blending. And uniformly mixing the spray-seeding base material in a spray-seeding machine, then spray-seeding to a reservoir dam, and immediately covering the non-woven fabric for covering after the spray-seeding is finished. After 3 months of spray-seeding restoration, the plant coverage of the test area of the tailing reservoir dam is up to more than 95%, the number of plant species is up to 16, the test area presents a flower sea, the natural succession of an ecosystem is gradually realized, and a comparison graph before and after restoration is shown in fig. 3.
Example 2
In the embodiment, an acidic rock slope on the side of a bottom mud filter pressing workshop of a Baitai two-factory with ruffling copper mine in the west is selected as an ecological restoration test area.
1. Preparation of modified tailings
The implementation site is located in a certain copper mine tailing pond around Dexing in the west of the river, a 4 m-50 m area is selected as a reactor field, and a 6000m carambola dock dumping field platform at the periphery of the tailing pond is selected as a 6000m dumping field platform2The area of (a) is used as the area for planting sesbania. The improved tailings are prepared by anaerobic fermentation of a reactor by the following steps:
(1) planting sesbania in a planting area of a refuse dump in the middle ten days of 6 months, harvesting in 9 months, and crushing the harvested sesbania into fibers with the length of 1cm by using a crusher;
(2) a4 m multiplied by 50m tailing reactor field is built in a tailing pond, a layer of 2cm bentonite is sprayed and sown by a spray-sowing machine after the reactor field is leveled and compacted by the aid of a digging machine, and a circle of groove with the depth of 60cm and the width of 40cm is dug around the reactor.
(3) The improved materials are mixed according to the mass ratio of sesbania fiber 25.96%, molasses 6%, wheat bran 8%, acidophilic sulfate reducing bacteria agent 0.04%, pig manure 50%, mushroom fertilizer 5%, biomass charcoal 2% and bentonite 3%, and are mixed with water to be prepared into 55% concentration to be poured into a spray-seeding machine. Paving a layer of tailings on a reactor yard by adopting an excavator, and then spraying a layer of improved material on the tailings by using a spray-seeding machine to form a reaction layer; and paving tailings and spraying improved materials layer by layer, wherein the thickness of the tailings layer of each reaction layer is 50cm, and the thickness of the improved material layer is 4.5cm, so that 4 reaction layers are formed.
After the laying of the tailings and the improved materials and the spray seeding are finished, 15cm of tailings are laid on the reactor by an excavator for compaction to ensure the stable structure of the reactor, and finally, a HDPE impermeable membrane with the thickness of 1.5mm is covered on the reactor, the corners of the impermeable membrane are placed in the grooves around the reactor, and the compacted grooves of the tailings are backfilled.
(4) After the tailings are subjected to anaerobic fermentation for 1 month, the impermeable membrane on the reactor is removed, the improved tailings are collected by an excavator for spray-seeding, and various indexes of the improved tailings are detected, wherein the results are shown in table 2.
Table 2 results of index testing on the dexing improved tailings (n 10, mean ± sem)
Index (I) Before improvement After improvement
pH 7.3±0.1 7.4±0.1
EC(μS/cm) 1630±123 293±8.6
NAG-pH 4.3±0.2 7.1±0.3
Total copper (mg/kg) 1209±40 1104±60
Total cadmium (mg/kg) 3.5±0.3 3.1±0.1
Available copper (mg/kg) 114±4.2 14±0.9
Effective cadmium (mg/kg) 0.83±0.08 0.19±0.02
Organic matter (g/kg) 2.6±0.3 31.5±2.0
Total nitrogen (g/kg) 0.22±0.02 1.97±0.13
Total phosphorus (g/kg) 0.21±0.02 1.35±0.05
According to the detection result, the pH value of the Dexing tailings before improvement is 7.3 and is nearly neutral; the conductivity is 1630 muS/cm, which is far beyond the normal soil conductivity value, and has a certain acid production potential, the content of heavy metal elements such as copper and cadmium exceeds the standard, and the index content of nutrient elements such as organic matters, total nitrogen and total phosphorus is obviously lower than the plant growth requirement value. After the preparation method is adopted for improvement, the pH value of the improved tailings is still 7.4 close to neutral, the conductivity is obviously reduced and reaches the normal soil range value, and the NAG-pH value is increased to 7.1, which indicates that the acid production capability is effectively controlled and no acid is produced; the content of effective copper and the content of effective cadmium are obviously reduced compared with the content before improvement, the reduction ratio is respectively 87.7 percent and 77.1 percent, and the heavy metal ions are effectively fixed; the problem of organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus shortage is obviously improved and respectively reaches 12 times, 9 times and 6.4 times of the original problems, and the requirements of serving as a mine repairing spray-seeding base material can be met.
2. Ecological restoration of acid rock slope
Selecting an acid rock slope on the side of a bottom mud filter pressing workshop of a Baitai two factory of Drift copper mine in Shangxi as a spray seeding repair area (the surface area is 4000 m)2) When the slope is completed steeply, the slope bedrock is exposed, the pH value is as low as 2.5, and high-concentration acidic water in the rock body seeps out through the slope cracks and flows down along the slope to erode the slope.
And (4) performing ecological restoration on the acid rock slope by adopting a spray seeding process. Carrying out trimming and cleaning on the side slope before spray-seeding repair, and carrying out construction according to the following procedures: installing anchor rod → laying and fixing zinc-plated wire mesh → spraying lime slurry → spraying base material → covering non-woven fabric → maintenance management. The spray-seeding substrate comprises: improved tailings of 0.18t/m2Plant seed 100g/m2(bermudagrass, paspalum broadleaf, green bristlegrass, wild chrysanthemum flower, cosmos, rape, pigeon pea, sesbania, lespedeza, rhus chinensis, etc.), water-retaining agent 26g/m22.5kg/m of modifier226g/m of binder21.5kg/m of grass fiber2And adding water for blending. After the spray-seeding restoration is completed for 2 years, the pH value of soil in the field reaches 7.2, a maintenance-free and non-degenerated vegetation system is established, the vegetation coverage is stably maintained at more than 97% throughout the year, the diversity of plants reaches 14, the water and soil loss is effectively controlled, and the ecological environment of the area is improved. A comparison of the results before and after repair is shown in FIG. 4.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The tailing improved material is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.01 to 0.05 percent of sulfate reducing bacteria agent, 20 to 30 percent of sesbania, 2 to 7 percent of molasses, 4 to 10 percent of wheat bran, 40 to 60 percent of chicken manure or pig manure, 3 to 8 percent of mushroom fertilizer, 2 to 4 percent of biomass charcoal and 3 to 5 percent of bentonite.
2. The preparation method of the improved tailings is characterized by comprising the following steps: carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the improved material of claim 1 and tailings in a layered retting reactor.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the reactor comprises reaction layers, and each reaction layer comprises a tailing layer and a modifying material layer from bottom to top.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the reactor comprises 4 to 6 reaction layers.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the thickness of the tailings bed is 30cm to 50 cm; the thickness of the improved material layer is 2 cm-5 cm.
6. The method for preparing the catalyst according to claim 2, wherein a bentonite layer is laid on the bottom of the reactor, a tailing layer is laid on the top of the reactor, and an HDPE impermeable membrane is covered above the tailing layer.
7. The method according to claim 2, wherein the time for anaerobic fermentation is 20 to 40 days.
8. The improved tailings prepared by the method of any one of the claims 2 to 7.
9. Use of the modified tailings of claim 8 in the rehabilitation of mining wasteland.
10. A mining waste reclamation substrate comprising the modified tailings of claim 8.
CN202210175583.6A 2022-02-24 2022-02-24 Improved tailings and preparation method and application thereof Pending CN114538986A (en)

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