CN114958821B - Immobilized SRB (SRB) pellets, ecological granules and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Immobilized SRB (SRB) pellets, ecological granules and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 51
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000275012 Sesbania cannabina Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 59
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 19
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 18
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000011148 calcium chloride Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 25
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000006518 acidic stress Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 241000219782 Sesbania Species 0.000 description 6
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002504 physiological saline solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 sulfide ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000052363 Cynodon dactylon Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000234643 Festuca arundinacea Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000607598 Vibrio Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfurothioic S-acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=S DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241001148471 unidentified anaerobic bacterium Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
- C12N11/02—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier
- C12N11/10—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier the carrier being a carbohydrate
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
- C12N11/02—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier
- C12N11/10—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier the carrier being a carbohydrate
- C12N11/12—Cellulose or derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
- C12N11/14—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an inorganic carrier
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
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- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of soil ecological restoration and pollution control, and particularly discloses immobilized SRB pellets and ecological granules as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method of the immobilized SRB pellets comprises the following steps: (1) Firstly, mixing sodium carboxymethylcellulose and sodium alginate with water, and dissolving to obtain a mixed solution 1; (2) Then cooling the mixed solution 1, adding activated carbon and SRB suspension, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution 2; (3) Adding CaCl2 solution into the mixed solution 2 to obtain molded particles; (4) Finally, cleaning the formed particles to obtain immobilized SRB pellets; ecological granules prepared by using the immobilized SRB pellets and a preparation method thereof; the application of the immobilized SRB pellets and ecological grains in mine restoration. The immobilized SRB pellets and ecological granules provided by the application can effectively treat heavy metal pollution of mines and inhibit soil acidification.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of ecological restoration and pollution control of soil, in particular to ecological granules and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In recent years, as natural vegetation is destroyed, waste water, waste gas, solid waste are discharged, and the surface morphology is changed, the ecological environment of mines is gradually deteriorated, and a series of problems such as land waste, soil acidification, water and soil loss are caused. Especially in the south of China, a large amount of mine acidic wastewater with toxic heavy metal ions is directly discharged into a downstream river after being untreated, so that the soil on the mine area and the river coast is acidified, the ecological system is destructively damaged, and plant growth in the environment is severely stressed. Therefore, the treatment of heavy metal pollution and the inhibition of soil acidification are serious environmental problems to be solved globally.
At present, the methods for treating heavy metal pollution and inhibiting soil acidification mainly comprise the following steps: firstly, the physical means is adopted to remove pollutants in the soil, but the engineering quantity of the method is large, and the soil structure is seriously damaged, so that the fertility is reduced; secondly, a chemical method is adopted, a chemical restoration agent is added into the soil to enable the chemical restoration agent to react with pollutants to improve the structure and performance of the pollutants, so that the pollutants are degraded or toxicity is removed, but the treatment cost of the method is high, and new pollution can be possibly caused; thirdly, the activity of heavy metals in soil is changed by applying chemical fertilizer or organic fertilizer, and the method has longer treatment period and is only suitable for slightly polluted soil.
Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide an effective and durable method for treating heavy metal pollution and inhibiting soil acidification.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides ecological granules and a preparation method and application thereof in order to rapidly and permanently treat heavy metal pollution and inhibit soil acidification.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing an immobilized SRB pellet, which adopts the following technical scheme: the preparation method of the immobilized SRB pellet comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, mixing sodium carboxymethylcellulose and sodium alginate with water, and dissolving to obtain a mixed solution 1;
(2) Then cooling the mixed solution 1, adding activated carbon and SRB suspension, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution 2;
(3) Adding CaCl 2 solution into the mixed solution 2 to obtain molded particles;
(4) And finally, cleaning the formed particles to obtain the immobilized SRB pellets.
The immobilized SRB pellets are prepared by the steps, the immobilized SRB pellets contain SRB bacteria, the SRB bacteria are anaerobic bacteria, the immobilized SRB pellets are applied to an acidic stressed polluted soil area, the SRB bacteria can reduce sulfate, sulfite, thiosulfate and the like in acidic soil into sulfide under anaerobic conditions, and the generated negative divalent sulfide ions can be combined with free heavy metal ions to generate precipitate, so that the heavy metal ions in the soil are removed; meanwhile, SRB bacteria can generate alkaline substances such as hydroxyl and the like in the growth and metabolism process, and can improve the pH value of soil, so that the soil acidification is inhibited. The SRB bacteria are utilized to treat the acid stressed polluted soil, and the method has the advantages of low cost, strong applicability, no secondary pollution and the like.
In a second aspect, the present application provides an immobilized SRB pellet obtained by the method for preparing an immobilized SRB pellet described above.
The immobilized SRB pellets provided by the application can treat heavy metal pollution, inhibit soil acidification, enable an acidic stressed polluted soil area to reach a long-term stable state, and finally realize self-repair.
In a third aspect, the application provides an ecological grain, which adopts the following technical scheme:
An ecological grain comprising immobilized SRB pellets.
Preferably, the ecological granules further comprise a light biological nutrient matrix, plant seeds and a binder.
According to the application, the immobilized SRB pellets, the light biological nutrient matrix, the plant seeds and the binder are utilized to prepare the ecological granules, and the ecological granules can improve the acidic environment which is unfavorable for vegetation recovery in the acidic stress area, so that vegetation growth in the acidic stress area can naturally germinate, naturally grow and naturally succession, self-repair of the acidic stress area is realized, and finally good ecological balance is achieved.
The light biological nutrient matrix mainly serves as a supporting material of ecological grains, can provide necessary carbon sources and microenvironments for metabolism of microorganisms in the immobilized SRB pellets, and can also provide necessary nutrient substances for germination and growth of plant seeds. Plant seeds are added into ecological grains, so that the environment of an acid stress area is improved, and meanwhile, vegetation recovery can be performed, so that the labor workload caused by later off-site transplanting or sowing is reduced, and the survival rate of vegetation growth is improved.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the immobilized SRB globules, the light biological nutrient matrix, the plant seeds and the binder is (2-3): 93: (2-3): (2-3).
In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of the immobilized SRB globules, the light biological nutrient matrix, the plant seeds, and the binder may be 2:93:2.5:2.5, 2.5:93:2.5:2.5, 3:93:2.5:2.5, 2.5:93:2:2.5, 2.5:93:3:2.5, 2.5:93:2.5:2 or 2.5:93:2.5:3.
In some specific embodiments, the weight ratio of the immobilized SRB globules, the light biological nutrient matrix, the plant seeds, and the binder may also be (2-2.5)：93：2.5：2.5、(2.5-3)：93：2.5：2.5、2.5：93：(2-2.5)：2.5、2.5：93：(2-2.5)：2.5、2.5：93：(2.5-3)：2.5、2.5：93：2.5：(2-2.5) or 2.5:93:2.5: (2.5-3).
The weight ratio of the immobilized SRB pellets to the light biological nutrient matrix to the plant seeds to the binder is controlled in the range, so that the synergistic effect among the components can be effectively exerted, and the immobilized SRB pellets can be used for preparing the immobilized SRB pellets under the anaerobic environment provided by the light biological nutrient matrix and having sufficient carbon sources and nutrient substances and suitable for the growth of SRB bacteria: firstly, promoting SRB bacteria to rapidly reproduce to generate a large amount of hydroxyl substances so as to improve the pH value of soil and inhibit soil acidification; secondly, reducing sulfate in the soil into sulfide by utilizing the reduction effect of SRB bacteria, and combining the sulfate with free metal ions to effectively remove heavy metals in the soil; thirdly, plant seeds are promoted to germinate, and vegetation recovery is realized while soil acidification is inhibited and heavy metal pollution is treated. The binder can ensure that the components are not dispersed in a long time, thereby reducing the disintegration of ecological grains and the loss of nutrient components, ensuring that SRB bacteria and plant seeds are always in a good growth environment, and being convenient for timely obtaining the nutrients required by growth and propagation.
Further, the lightweight biological nutrient substrate is selected from turf, humic acid and straw.
Preferably, the light biological nutrient substrate is a mixture of humic acid and straw; the weight ratio of the humic acid to the straw is 1: (0.8-1.6).
In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of humic acid to straw may be 1:0.8, 1:1.2 or 1:1.6.
In some specific embodiments, the weight ratio of humic acid to straw may also be 1: (0.8-1.2) or 1: (1.2-1.6).
The application adopts turf, humic acid and straw as light biological nutrient medium, can provide nutrients for SRB bacteria and plant seeds in ecological grains, promote rapid growth and propagation of the SRB bacteria and the plant seeds, and finally realize the restoration of acid stress areas. Experiments of the inventor of the application find that the mixture of humic acid and straw is further selected as a light biological nutrition matrix, and the weight ratio of the humic acid to the straw is controlled within the range, so that SRB bacteria in ecological granules and plant seeds can be promoted to grow and reproduce faster, and generated negative divalent sulfide ions, hydroxide and other alkaline substances are more, so that the effect of treating heavy metal pollution and soil acidification is more remarkable.
Turf is an organic fertilizer which is light in texture, good in water permeability and air permeability, fluffy and rich in organic matters; humic acid is an excellent organic raw material, can promote the development of plant root systems, improve the capability of plants to absorb moisture and nutrients, and further stimulate the growth of plants. In addition, the humic acid can also improve the soil, so that the stable aggregate structure of water in the soil is increased, and the water and fertilizer retaining capacity of the soil is improved; the straw refers to stem and leaf parts of mature crops, and is rich in a large amount of organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other microelements.
Preferably, the plant seeds include sesbania, festuca arundinacea and bermuda grass.
Preferably, the binder is selected from molasses, guar gum, stearic acid and starch.
In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing ecological granules.
The preparation method of the ecological granules comprises the following steps: and uniformly mixing the immobilized SRB pellets, the light biological nutrient matrix, the plant seeds and the binder, and extruding and granulating by granulating equipment to obtain the ecological granules.
The ecological grain can be prepared through the steps, and the ecological grain has the advantages of simple preparation method, regular shape, compact texture, less fine powder and convenient use.
Furthermore, before the immobilized SRB pellet is used, the immobilized SRB pellet needs to be activated for 12 hours by postgate culture medium under anaerobic condition, so that the SRB bacteria inside the immobilized SRB pellet grow and are enriched.
In a fifth aspect, the application provides an application of immobilized SRB pellets and ecological granules in mine restoration.
The immobilized SRB pellets and the ecological granules provided by the application can be applied to mine restoration, so that the problems of heavy metal pollution, soil acidification and the like of a mine can be solved, vegetation restoration of the mine can be realized, and the self restoration capacity of the mine is improved. Compared with the related technology, the method omits the extra workload caused by the transfer planting or sowing of the modified plants in different places, ensures the survival rate of the plants, and ensures that the restored mine has higher vegetation coverage rate.
In summary, the application has the following beneficial effects:
1. The application provides an immobilized SRB pellet, which contains SRB bacteria, and can be applied to an acidic stressed polluted soil area to effectively remove heavy metals in acidic soil, improve the pH value of the soil and inhibit soil acidification.
2. The application preferably uses the mixture of humic acid and straw as light biological nutrition matrix, and the weight ratio of humic acid to straw is controlled at 1: in the range of (0.8-1.6), the obtained ecological grains can adjust the pH value of soil to be more than 5, and the vegetation coverage rate is more than 85%.
3. The application prepares an ecological granule by using immobilized SRB globules, light biological nutrition matrix, plant seeds and binder, and controls the weight ratio of the immobilized SRB globules, the light biological nutrition matrix, the plant seeds and the binder in the ecological granule to be (2-3): 93: (2-3): in the range of (2-3), the synergistic effect among the components can be effectively exerted, so that the ecological grain which can inhibit soil acidification and improve vegetation coverage rate is obtained, and when the ecological grain is applied to an acid stress mining area, the pH value of the area can be regulated to be more than 6, and the vegetation coverage rate is more than 93%.
4. The immobilized SRB pellets and the ecological granules provided by the application can be applied to mine restoration, so that the problems of heavy metal pollution, soil acidification and the like of a mine can be solved, vegetation restoration of the mine can be realized, and the self restoration capacity of the mine is improved. Compared with the related technology, the method omits the workload of transferring, planting or sowing the modified plants in different places, ensures the survival rate of the plants, and ensures that the repaired mine has higher vegetation coverage rate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing ecological granules.
Detailed Description
The application provides an immobilized SRB pellet and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method of the immobilized SRB pellet specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, mixing 2-4 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 4-5 parts of sodium alginate and 48-51 parts of water, and placing the mixture in a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 85-95 ℃ to fully dissolve the mixture to obtain a mixed solution 1;
(2) Then cooling the mixed solution 1 to room temperature, adding 1-2 parts of activated carbon and 43-45 parts of 10% SRB suspension, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution 2;
(3) Then 1-2 parts of 2% CaCl 2 aqueous solution is added into the mixed solution 2 drop by drop, and the cross-linking reaction is carried out for 3-6 hours, thus obtaining molded particles;
(4) Finally, the formed particles are washed by using 0.9 percent physiological saline, and the immobilized SRB pellets can be obtained.
The application also provides an ecological granule which comprises immobilized SRB pellets, a light biological nutrition matrix, plant seeds and a binder; preferably, the weight ratio of the immobilized SRB globules, the light biological nutrient matrix, the plant seeds and the binder is (2-3): 93: (2-3): (2-3); wherein the light biological nutrient substrate is selected from turf, humic acid and straw; further, the light biological nutrient matrix is a mixture of humic acid and straw; the weight ratio of the humic acid to the straw is 1: (0.8-1.6); the binder is selected from molasses, guar gum, stearic acid and starch.
The preparation method of the ecological granules, as shown in figure 1, specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, mixing all components in a light biological nutrient matrix, performing air drying treatment, and then sieving the air-dried light biological nutrient matrix with a 100-mesh screen; and activating the immobilized SRB pellets by utilizing postgate culture medium, uniformly mixing the immobilized SRB pellets with a light biological nutrient matrix, plant seeds and a binder, loading the mixture into a feed hopper of granulating equipment, and carrying out hard extrusion by a screw rod and a screen plate of the granulating equipment to obtain the ecological granules.
The application provides an application of immobilized SRB pellets and ecological granules in mine restoration.
In the embodiment, SRB bacteria are common desulfurization vibrio with a preservation number of CGMCC NO.1.5190; the plant seeds are sesbania seeds, and the binder is molasses; the rest raw materials, reagents, solvents and the like of the application are all commercially available.
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the following preparation examples, drawings and performance test.
Preparation example
Preparation example 1
Preparation example 1 provides an immobilized SRB pellet.
The preparation method of the immobilized SRB pellets specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, mixing 3g of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 5g of sodium alginate and 50mL of water, and placing the mixture in a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 85-95 ℃ to fully dissolve the mixture to obtain a mixed solution 1;
(2) Then cooling the mixed solution 1 to room temperature, adding 1.5g of activated carbon and 45g of 10% SRB suspension, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution 2;
(3) Then 1.5g of 2% CaCl 2 aqueous solution is added into the mixed solution 2 drop by drop, and the mixture undergoes a crosslinking reaction for 4 hours to obtain molded particles;
(4) Finally, cleaning the formed particles by using 0.9% physiological saline to obtain immobilized SRB pellets, and sealing and preserving the immobilized SRB pellets at the temperature of 4 ℃ for later use.
Examples
Examples 1 to 13
Examples 1-13 each provide an ecological grain.
The above-described embodiments differ in that: the addition amounts of the components in the ecological pellets are shown in Table 1.
The preparation method of the ecological granules provided in the embodiment 3 is shown in fig. 1, and specifically comprises the following steps:
Firstly, mixing all components in a light biological nutrient matrix, performing air drying treatment, and then sieving the air-dried light biological nutrient matrix with a 100-mesh screen; then 2.5g of immobilized SRB pellets provided in preparation example 1 are taken and activated for 12 hours by postgate culture medium under anaerobic condition, 93g of light biological nutrient medium, 2.5g of sesbania seeds and 2.5g of molasses are taken and mixed uniformly with the cultured immobilized SRB pellets, and the mixture is filled into a feed hopper of granulating equipment, and the ecological pellets are obtained through hard extrusion of a screw rod and a screen plate of the granulating equipment. Wherein the light biological nutrient matrix is a mixture of humic acid and straw; the weight ratio of the humic acid to the straw is 1:1.2.
TABLE 1 addition amount of each component in ecological pellets provided in examples 1 to 13
Examples 14 to 17
Examples 14-17 each provide an ecological grain.
The above-described embodiments differ in that: the components and the addition amounts of the light biological nutrient matrix are shown in table 2.
Table 2 example 3, examples 14-17 provide light biological nutrient matrix components and amounts added
Example 18
Example 18 provides an ecological grain.
The above embodiment differs from embodiment 3 in that: the light biological nutrient substrate used in example 18 contained turf only.
Example 19
Example 19 provides an ecological grain.
The above embodiment differs from embodiment 3 in that: the light biological nutrient substrate used in example 19 contained only humic acid.
Example 20
Example 20 provides an ecological grain.
The above embodiment differs from embodiment 3 in that: the lightweight biological nutrient matrix used in example 20 contained straw alone.
Example 21
Example 21 provides an ecological grain.
The above embodiment differs from embodiment 3 in that: the light biological nutrient substrate used in example 21 is a mixture of turf and straw; the weight ratio of the turf to the straw is 1:1.2.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 provides an ecological grain.
The above comparative example is different from example 3 in that: the ecological granules comprise immobilized SRB pellets, a light biological nutrient matrix and a binder.
Performance test
The performance of the ecological pellets provided in examples 1-21 was tested as follows:
(1) Test site: the Guangzhou Liu Fengliu iron ore is discharged to the soil, the heavy metal pollution and soil acidification in the region are serious, and the pH value of the soil is 3.4.
(2) The test method comprises the following steps: dividing 22 test fields (the areas are respectively 3m multiplied by 4 m) in the soil discharge field, wherein 21 ecological grains provided in the examples 1-21 are respectively applied to the 22 test fields; 1 block of ecological granules provided in comparative example 1 are applied, sesbania is broadcast in the land block applied with comparative example 1 at the same time, and the seeding amount of sesbania is 10g/m 2; the application amount of ecological grains in each test field is 400g/m 2, and the test fields are watered, maintained and managed during the test. After 6 months, the pH value of the soil of the test fields is detected, and the vegetation coverage rate of each test field is counted.
(3) Test results: the test results of each of the test fields are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 pH value of soil in each test field and vegetation coverage of test field
From the test results shown in table 3, it is clear that the ecological granules provided in examples 1 to 21 can adjust the pH of soil, and adjust the pH of soil in the experimental area from 3.4 to 4 or more, and the vegetation coverage of the experimental field is more than 70%. In contrast, the ecological granules provided in comparative example 1, which do not contain plant seeds, although the pH of the soil of the test field can be adjusted to 6.6, because sesbania is planted in a sowing manner, the growing environment (nutrient supply is insufficient) is poor, the survival rate is reduced, and the vegetation coverage is only 63.7%. Therefore, the application shows that the plant seeds are added into the ecological granules, so that the plants germinate and grow in the environment of the ecological granules, the plant seeds can be ensured to acquire nutrients in time, germinate smoothly and grow quickly, higher vegetation coverage rate is further obtained, and the extra workload caused by subsequent sowing can be saved, thus the application has great practical value and popularization significance.
According to the detection results of examples 1-5, as the addition amount of the immobilized SRB pellets in the ecological granules is increased, the alkalinity of the soil of the test field is gradually increased, and the vegetation coverage rate shows a trend of increasing first and then keeping unchanged basically, which shows that the ecological granules provided by the application can regulate the acid-base property of the soil, improve the germination rate of the vegetation in the soil, regulate the pH value of the soil of the test field to be more than 5 and ensure that the vegetation coverage rate is more than 85%. Further comparison shows that when the weight ratio of the immobilized SRB globules, the light biological nutrient matrix, the plant seeds and the binder is (2-3): 93:2.5:2.5, the pH value of the soil of the test field is 6.1-7.7, and the vegetation coverage is 93.4-97.2%.
According to the detection results of the embodiment 3 and the embodiment 6-9, the pH value of the soil of the test field is basically kept unchanged with the increase of the content of the plant seeds in the ecological grain, and the vegetation coverage is in a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. Further comparison shows that the weight ratio of the immobilized SRB globules, the light biological nutrient matrix, the plant seeds and the binder provided in the examples 3 and 7-8 is 2.5:93: (2-3): the vegetation coverage of the ecological grain obtained in the 2.5 time is obviously better than that of the immobilized SRB pellets, the light biological nutrient matrix, the plant seeds and the binder provided in the example 6 and the example 9, and the weight ratio is 2.5:93:1:2.5 or 2.5:93:4:2.5 vegetation coverage of the ecological grain obtained at time. Therefore, the application is illustrated that the weight ratio of the immobilized SRB pellets, the light biological nutrient matrix, the plant seeds and the binder is controlled to be 2.5:93: (2-3): in the range of 2.5, the obtained ecological grain has better use effect.
According to the detection results of examples 3 and 10-13, the vegetation coverage of the test fields where the ecological pellets provided in examples 3 and 11-12 are located is obviously higher than that of the test fields where the ecological pellets provided in examples 10 and 13 are located, which indicates that the content of the binder in the ecological pellets has an influence on the sprouting and growing results of the plant seeds. Therefore, the weight ratio of the immobilized SRB pellets, the light biological nutrient matrix, the plant seeds and the binder is controlled to be 2.5:93: (2-3): in the range of 2.5, the obtained ecological grains have better effect on vegetation recovery.
In summary, the application controls the weight ratio of the immobilized SRB globules, the light biological nutrient matrix, the plant seeds and the binder to (2-3): 93: (2-3): in the range of (2-3), the obtained ecological granules can pollute heavy metals in acid stress areas, improve the problem of soil acidification, and further can enable the areas to obtain higher vegetation coverage.
The results of the test in comparative examples 3 and examples 14 to 21 show that the effect of the ecological granules obtained in examples 3 and examples 14 to 17 on improving the acidity of the soil in the test field is obviously better than that obtained in examples 18 to 21, and the effect of the light biological nutrient medium prepared by mixing humic acid and straw on promoting the growth and reproduction of SRB bacteria and plant seeds is better than that of the light biological nutrient medium prepared by mixing only grass carbon, humic acid and straw or grass carbon and straw. And further comparing to find that when the weight ratio of humic acid to straw in the light biological nutrition matrix is 1: and (0.8-1.6), the obtained ecological granules can adjust the pH value of the soil of the test field to 6.3-6.9, and the vegetation coverage rate of the test field is more than 93%.
In the ecological granules, the weight ratio of the immobilized SRB pellets to the light biological nutrient matrix to the plant seeds to the binder is controlled to be (2-3): 93: (2-3): (2-3), and further controlling the weight ratio of humic acid to straw in the light biological nutrient medium to be 1: in the range of (0.8-1.6), the ecological granules which can treat heavy metal pollution in the mining area, inhibit soil acidification and enable the mining area to obtain high vegetation coverage rate can be prepared. By utilizing the ecological grain, the pH value of the mining area can be adjusted to 5-8, and the vegetation coverage rate of the mining area reaches more than 93%.
While the invention has been described in detail in the foregoing general description and with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made thereto. Accordingly, such modifications or improvements may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (4)
1. An ecological pellet, characterized in that the ecological pellet comprises immobilized SRB pellets, a light biological nutrient matrix, plant seeds and a binder; the weight ratio of the immobilized SRB globules, the light biological nutrient matrix, the plant seeds and the binder is (2-3): 93: (2-3): (2-3);
The light biological nutrient matrix is a mixture of humic acid and straw; the weight ratio of the humic acid to the straw is 1: (0.8-1.6); the plant seeds are sesbania;
the preparation method of the immobilized SRB pellets comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, mixing sodium carboxymethylcellulose and sodium alginate with water, and dissolving to obtain a mixed solution 1;
(2) Then cooling the mixed solution 1, adding activated carbon and SRB suspension, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution 2;
(3) Adding CaCl 2 solution into the mixed solution 2 to obtain molded particles;
(4) And finally, cleaning the formed particles to obtain the immobilized SRB pellets.
2. Ecological granule according to claim 1, characterized in that the binder is selected from molasses, guar gum, stearic acid and starch.
3. The method for producing ecological granules according to any of claims 1 to 2, comprising the steps of: and uniformly mixing the immobilized SRB pellets, the light biological nutrient matrix, the plant seeds and the binder, and extruding and granulating by granulating equipment to obtain the ecological granules.
4. Use of ecological pellets according to any of claims 1-2 in mine restoration.
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