CN110278732B - Ion exchange type microorganism carrier - Google Patents

Ion exchange type microorganism carrier Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110278732B
CN110278732B CN201810223521.1A CN201810223521A CN110278732B CN 110278732 B CN110278732 B CN 110278732B CN 201810223521 A CN201810223521 A CN 201810223521A CN 110278732 B CN110278732 B CN 110278732B
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soil
exchange type
ion exchange
type microorganism
microorganism carrier
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CN110278732A (en
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常大勇
常晓菲
廖艳
贾朝佩
丁玮琳
高筱莎
王琳
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Yantai Goodly Biotechnology Co ltd
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Yantai Goodly Biotechnology Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Abstract

An ion exchange type microorganism carrier comprises Concha Ostreae powder, flue gas desulfurization gypsum, vinegar residue, sulfur, and sodium thiosulfate. The invention has the innovation that sodium ions can be adsorbed to control the harm of salt; the PH value is reduced, and the utilization of soil nutrients is promoted; the soil structure is changed, the air permeability is increased, and the biological activity is increased; increase the carbon content of the soil and improve the organic matter of the soil. The components have synergistic effect and are matched with each other, so that the fertilizer is suitable for various saline-alkali soil, and is particularly more effective for alkaline soil in a freshwater-deficient area.

Description

Ion exchange type microbial carrier
Technical Field
The invention relates to an ion exchange type microbial carrier, belonging to the field of fertilizers.
Background
The salinization of soil is a worldwide problem, and the most harmful salt in the soil is NaCl and Na2CO3(equine urinary alkali) and Na2 SO4(Natrii sulfas). The soil is colloid, is a huge anionic group and is exchangeable Na+Can destroy the electrokinetic potential of soil colloid, so that the colloid can not form a granular structure. When exchanging Na+The exchange capacity is 5-15%, and the soil is slightly alkalized; 15-25% of soil is moderately alkalized; heavily alkalizing 25-35% of soil; alkaline earth is formed > 35%. The accumulation of a large amount of salt in soil can cause the deterioration of a series of physical properties of soil: the structure is viscous, the air permeability is poor, the volume weight is high, the soil temperature rises slowly, the activity of aerobic microorganisms in soil is poor, the nutrient release is slow, and the permeability coefficient is low; the capillary action is strong, so that the salinization of the surface soil is further aggravated, and the phenomena of cold, hard and plate of the soil are caused. Generally speaking, when the surface layer or subsurface layer of the soil (generally the thickness is about 20-30 cm), the accumulation amount of the water-soluble salts exceeds 0.1% -0.2%, or the alkalization degree of the alkalization layer of the soil exceeds 5%, the method belongs to the category of saline-alkali soil.
The main component of the sulfur fixation ash formed by the sulfur fixation of the flue gas of the power plant is calcium sulfate with crystal water, and calcium ions and sodium ions are used for exchange, so that the salinized soil is relieved, and a certain effect is achieved. Patents 20080119806,201210589939,201310742993 and 201410633997 all describe the use of flue gas desulfurization gypsum for saline-alkali land improvement. The method is relatively good for areas with high salt concentration, weak alkalinity and no fresh water shortage in Bohai Bay and east coastal areas, but is poor in fresh water, less in ion exchange amount and limited in effect for areas with high alkalinity and serious desertification.
Oyster shell has multilayer microporous structure, and the structure is loose, and the gas permeability is good, and its main chemical component is calcium carbonate, can provide the calcium ion of interchange usefulness, and multilayer microporous structure can provide living space for the microorganism simultaneously, as microorganism carrier, increases microorganism content in the soil.
The vinegar residue is acidic waste with pH value of 3-6, and the provided weak organic acid is beneficial to saline-alkali soil.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
an ion exchange type microbial carrier is prepared from oyster shell powder, flue gas desulfurization gypsum, vinegar residue, sulfur and sodium thiosulfate in a ratio of 100:85-120:20-50:2-5:0.5-1 by mass percent, and through the synergistic effect of the components, the carrier is suitable for various saline-alkali soil and is more effective for alkaline soil.
Further, the oyster shell is cleaned and crushed to 60-100 meshes.
Further, the flue gas desulfurization gypsum is powder with the fineness of more than 60 meshes.
Further, the water content of the vinegar residue is below 50%.
Furthermore, the fineness of the pulverized sulfur is 60-100 meshes.
Further, the sodium thiosulfate is powder with the fineness of 60-100 meshes.
Furthermore, calcium superphosphate with the fineness of 60-100 meshes accounting for 10-30% of the total mass can be added.
Further, the application method is to uniformly spread on the surface of the saline-alkali soil.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) sodium ions are adsorbed to control the harm of salt;
(2) the PH value is reduced, and the utilization of soil nutrients is promoted;
(3) the soil structure is changed, the air permeability is increased, and the biological activity is increased;
(4) increase the carbon content of the soil and improve the organic matter of the soil.
The specific analysis is as follows:
(1) adsorbing sodium ions, exchanging calcium ions with sodium ions
According to coulomb's law, the higher the ionic charge valence, the greater the adsorption capacity of the colloid and the greater the exchange capacity, so M3+＞M2+＞M+. In addition, for ions of the same valence, the larger the ionic radius, the smaller the hydration radius, the stronger the exchange capacity:
Ca2+＞Mg2+＞NH4+＞K+＞Na+
yet another rule is equal exchange: that is to say one Ca2+Can exchange two Na+。
The gypsum of the invention contains calcium ions, and the oyster shell also contains calcium ions, which can be exchanged with sodium ions.
(2) Reduce the pH value and accelerate the buffering reaction of soil colloid
Calcium ions in calcium sulfate are easily fixed in alkaline soil, the ion exchange amount is reduced, and the effect of improving soil cannot be exerted. The pH value of the vinegar residue adopted in the invention is about 6, and the vinegar residue exists in the form of organic acid. Meanwhile, the vinegar residue also provides organic matters, so that conditions can be provided for the proliferation of microorganisms, the content of organic acids is further increased by the proliferation of the microorganisms, the plant root system environment is activated, and the multi-layer microporous structure of the oyster shell provides a carrier for the microorganisms, so that the long-term survival of the microorganisms is ensured. The product of the invention passes through biological collaterals while adjusting the pH value of soilThe excessive Na on the soil aggregates can be removed by combining and replacing reaction+Activated PO difficult to utilize in saline-alkali soil4 3+、Fe2+、 Ca2+、Mg2+Plasma and trace elements are converted into usable state to be absorbed by plants, and the physiological deficiency of plants is relieved. Simultaneously by reducing Na+Activating Ca2+、Mg2+Then, the soil water conductivity (HC) can be increased, so that the soil water can flow more easily, the crop root system environment is improved, the root system growth is promoted, the crops are ensured to grow regularly and strongly, the plants can grow normally on the saline-alkali soil, and the yield is increased.
(3) The acid-producing microorganism carrier provides a inhabitation environment for microorganisms, adjusts the carbon-nitrogen ratio and the sodium-calcium ratio of soil to change the soil structure and reduces the activity of sodium ions.
The oyster shell, the vinegar residue and the microorganism interact with each other, the carbon-nitrogen ratio and the sodium-calcium ratio of the soil are adjusted, and the stability of the activity of sodium ions is promoted. The method is suitable for farmlands and newly-reclaimed lands damaged by saline and alkali, utilizes organic biochemical macromolecules to complex salt ions in soil, brings salt into deep soil along with irrigation water, reduces alkali and desalts, and quickly removes toxic action of salt on crops.
The organic acid is different from the inorganic acid, and plays a good role in the colloidal stability of the soil. The multilayer microporous structure increases soil organic matters and proteins, increases soil air permeability, promotes microorganism breeding and improves the soil structure. Promote the root system to be developed and promote the microorganism to be bred and to be separated from the saline-alkali state.
(4) Increase the carbon content of soil and improve the organic matter of soil
The content of organic matters in the vinegar residue is up to more than 60%, so that the organic matters are provided, and rich carbon sources are provided for microorganisms.
Detailed Description
For the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described below by way of examples, which are merely to assist the understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as specifically limiting the present invention.
Example 1
The raw materials are weighed according to the proportion of 100kg of oyster shell powder, 95kg of flue gas desulfurization gypsum, 30kg of vinegar residue, 4kg of sulfur and 0.5kg of sodium thiosulfate. Mixing vinegar residue, sulfur and sodium thiosulfate in proportion, properly sprinkling water, keeping the humidity at 40%, keeping the temperature at about 30 ℃, and stacking for 30 days. Adding flue gas desulfurization gypsum and oyster shell powder after 30 days, and mixing uniformly.
Test, demonstration site conditions:
qujia Bo of Xinjiang Hami Hongxi two farmers, area 25 mu, variety: neo zhou No. 54; 17 acres of control (no application), 8 acres of treatment (application). Fertilizing conditions: applying 20kg of diammonium in the base fertilizer and 20kg of organic fertilizer; 15 kg of calcium superphosphate and 10 kg of urea; 10 kg of urea is dripped in the whole process. The number of seedlings per mu is 7750.
The method is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps of red star one-field and two-field farmer meng, the area is 80 mu, and the variety is: huanong No. 16. 40 acres of control (no product of the invention applied), 40 acres of treatment (product of the invention applied). Fertilizing conditions: 15 kg of diammonium phosphate, 12 kg of calcium superphosphate and 8 kg of organic fertilizer are applied as base fertilizer; 13 kg of urea is dripped in the whole process. The number of seedlings remained per mu is about 7700.
And (3) treatment of a comparative test: the application method comprises the steps of broadcasting 80kg of the product per mu before cotton sowing and turning over the soil.
Comparison: not used, as a control (ck). The cultivation management measures are consistent with the local field.
And (3) field management conditions:
the bent wave building peasant household: sowing in 19 days in 4 months, emergence of seedlings in 8 days in 5 months, budding in 22 months in 6 months, flowering in 15 days in 7 months, boll opening in 28 days in 8 months and harvesting in 18 days in 9 months. Cultivating 3 times in the whole growth period, watering 9 times, and chemically controlling 3 times.
MenLei farmers: sowing is carried out on 12 days in 4 months, emergence of seedlings is carried out on 7 days in 5 months, buds appear on 22 days in 6 months, blossoming is carried out on 18 days in 7 months, boll opening is carried out on 27 days in 8 months, and harvesting is carried out on 26 days in 9 months. Cultivating 3 times in the whole growth period, watering 9 times, and chemically controlling 2 times.
Test results and analysis
(I) influence on physiological properties. Method for investigating test results, 10 cotton plants were continuously picked at fixed points per treatment and investigated. The product of the invention can promote the normal development of cotton and improve the yield structure. The treatment was significantly effective compared to the conventional control.
The average plant height of cotton in the Qujiabo test field is 1.7cm, the stem thickness is increased by 0.2 cm, the number of single plant bolls is increased by 0.9, and the single boll weight is increased by 0.1 g.
In the Menglie test, the height of the average cotton plant is 1.9cm, the stem thickness is increased by 0.25 cm, the number of bolls of a single plant is increased by 0.5, the weight of the bolls of a single plant is increased by 0.2g, the land belongs to heavy salt alkali, the seedling keeping effect is poor, and the difference of the number of seedlings left in each treated area and each control area is large (see table one in detail).
Table one: cotton breeding character survey
Figure GDA0003649192610000041
(II) influence on the salt content of the soil. The results of analysis and test of the salt content of the soil before and after the drip application show that the difference between treatments is obvious, so that compared with the conventional control, the product of the invention can obviously reduce the salt content of the soil and has obvious yield increasing effect (see table II for details).
Table two: change of soil salinity
Figure GDA0003649192610000042
And (4) conclusion: through experimental observation, the cotton with the product of the invention has strong growth vigor, enhanced boll forming performance, capability of promoting the growth and development of cotton, improved cotton yield structure and better yield increasing effect. Meanwhile, the salt content of the soil is effectively reduced, and the reduction amplitude can reach more than 50%. The product of the invention has better application effect on cotton and is recommended to be popularized in a large scale on production.
Example 2
Weighing raw materials according to the proportion of 100kg of oyster shell powder, 120kg of flue gas desulfurization gypsum, 40kg of vinegar residue, 5kg of sulfur and 1kg of sodium thiosulfate. Mixing vinegar residue, sulfur and sodium thiosulfate in proportion, properly watering to keep the humidity at 50%, keeping the temperature at about 40 ℃, and stacking for 35 days. Adding flue gas desulfurization gypsum and oyster shell powder after 35 days, and mixing uniformly.
The area of the saline-alkali land of Jilin province is large, the saline-alkali land of the land mainly uses saline-alkali soil, the treatment difficulty is large, the salinity of the Jilin saline-alkali land is 5 g/L, the PH value is more than 9.5, and the total salt content of the soil surface layer is more than 30.2%. 1 mu of land is selected within 100 hectares of area.
The product treated by the method has the best yield increasing effect, and the average mu yield is increased by 215 kilograms and is increased by 25.9 percent compared with that of the control CK.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (6)

1. An ion exchange type microbial carrier is characterized by comprising oyster shell powder, flue gas desulfurization gypsum, vinegar residue, sulfur and sodium thiosulfate in a ratio of 100:85-120:20-50:2-5:0.5-1 by mass percent, wherein the vinegar residue, the sulfur and the sodium thiosulfate are mixed in proportion, water is sprayed to keep the humidity at 30-50%, the temperature is kept at 25-45 ℃, the stacking time is 20-35 days, and the flue gas desulfurization gypsum and the oyster shell powder are added and mixed uniformly; oyster shell powder is crushed to 60-100 meshes.
2. The ion exchange type microorganism carrier as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flue gas desulfurization gypsum is in a powdery form and has a fineness of 60 mesh or more.
3. The ion-exchange type microorganism carrier according to claim 1, wherein the water content of the vinegar residue is 50% or less.
4. The ion exchange type microorganism carrier as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sulfur is pulverized to a fineness of 60-100 mesh.
5. The ion-exchange microbial carrier according to claim 1, wherein the sodium thiosulfate is in a powder form and has a fineness of 60 to 100 meshes.
6. The ion-exchange type microorganism carrier according to claim 1, wherein the calcium superphosphate is added in an amount of 10 to 30% by mass of the total amount, and the fineness is 60 to 100 meshes.
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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006028380A (en) * 2004-07-20 2006-02-02 Jfe Engineering Kk Soil conditioner
CN102630396A (en) * 2012-03-31 2012-08-15 东北农业大学 Method for thoroughly improving saline soil by combination of farming and grazing
CN106396884A (en) * 2016-08-29 2017-02-15 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 Medium element fertilizer for conditioning and improving secondary salinization land soil, and production method thereof

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006028380A (en) * 2004-07-20 2006-02-02 Jfe Engineering Kk Soil conditioner
CN102630396A (en) * 2012-03-31 2012-08-15 东北农业大学 Method for thoroughly improving saline soil by combination of farming and grazing
CN106396884A (en) * 2016-08-29 2017-02-15 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 Medium element fertilizer for conditioning and improving secondary salinization land soil, and production method thereof

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