CN112574752A - Tailing sand composite soil conditioner and copper-molybdenum ore tailing ecological greening method - Google Patents
Tailing sand composite soil conditioner and copper-molybdenum ore tailing ecological greening method Download PDFInfo
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- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tailing sand composite soil conditioner and a copper-molybdenum ore tailing sand ecological greening method. The invention relates to a tailing sand composite soil conditioner which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-5 parts of compost cow dung, 0.5-2 parts of bentonite, 0.01-0.02 part of polyacrylamide water-retaining agent, 0.5-2 parts of biomass carbon loaded with soil improvement fungicide, and 0.5-2 parts of modified rice husk. The biomass charcoal in the soil conditioner used by the invention not only can adsorb heavy metal elements, but also is beneficial to the construction of soil aggregates by itself and various microorganisms carried by the biomass charcoal. The modified rice hulls in the soil conditioner used by the invention load carboxymethyl cellulose, and not only can be used as an efficient slow-release carbon source to promote the growth of herbaceous plants, but also can be used as an adhesive to promote tailing sand to form soil aggregates.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a method for adding a composite soil conditioner into copper-molybdenum ore tailings to promote the tailings to form soil aggregates, so as to perform ecological greening of the tailings.
Background
Mineral resources are products of earth crust in the long-term forming, developing and evolving processes and are formed by gathering natural minerals under certain geological conditions through geological action. Mineral resources are the important material basis for human survival and development, and according to statistics, about 70% of raw materials of industrial products in the world come from the mineral resources, and about 90% of energy sources come from the mineral resources. Wherein 80 percent of industrial finished product raw materials and 95 percent of energy sources in China are from mineral resources.
The vast width of the breadth of China, the eastern endangered pacific, belongs to a part of the outer side of a finished mining area of the pacific; the Xiipamol plateau, the southwest of which is the Qinghai-Tibet plateau of the world ridge, is the east part of the Teiss-Himalayas mineralization area and is hopeful with the India subcontinent at the Himalayas mountain; the northern adjacent Mongolian plateau is a part of the middle Asia mineralization region. From the perspective of mineralization, three mineralization areas in the world all enter China, the mineralization geological conditions of China are superior, mineral resources are rich, the types of the mineral products are complete, and the method is a large country of mineral resources with own resource characteristics. China has found 170 kinds of mineral products, 160 kinds of mineral products are found, and twenty thousand places of mineral product producing areas are found. The total amount of mineral resources which have been ascertained in China accounts for about 12% of the world, and is second only to the United states and Russia, and third in the world. Copper-molybdenum ore is one of the main sources of molybdenum, the reserves of molybdenum in China are very abundant, and the reserves of molybdenum metal are second to the reserves of the molybdenum in the United states and the 2 nd place in the world. Molybdenum ore has a very wide range of uses. Molybdenum is used as additive for producing various alloy steels, or is combined with tungsten, nickel, cobalt, zirconium, titanium, vanadium, rhenium, etc. to form high-grade alloy so as to raise its high-temp. strength, wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
A series of environmental problems are brought about in the mining process of mineral resources, such as the original vegetation layer is damaged, the surface soil of a mining area is excavated, the water erosion and the wind erosion of the mining area are carried out, and the water loss and the soil erosion and the desertification of the land are intensified. Another significant problem is the accumulation of large amounts of tailings. The tailings are also called tailings, which are particulate solid powder left after the ores are crushed and the middlings and the concentrates are floated. Because the tailings have small granularity, light weight and large surface area, the tailings are easy to flow and collapse when stacked, and the vegetation is damaged; the tailing dust flies around under the push of wind power, causing air and soil pollution, land degradation, desertification, salinization, ecosystem degradation, biological diversity loss, crop yield reduction and threatening the human health. Due to the structural characteristics of the tailing sand, the temperature difference between day and night is large, the particle cohesion is weak, the water retention is very poor, the tailing sand which is sticky and heavy-hardened in wet condition and has poor air permeability, low contents of organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, high salt content, extremely unfavorable for crop growth and loose texture is easy to have the phenomenon of wind erosion and water erosion, so that a tailing dam must be built for storage, and the filled tailing dam often becomes a waste land where weeds cannot grow.
The ecological regreening of the tailings sand is a good method for solving the problem of tailings accumulation at present, wherein the application of a soil conditioner is a necessary factor for the ecological regreening of the tailings sand. The soil conditioner can provide the most basic stable environment for the survival of vegetation, and improve the vitality and the survival rate of plants in the tailings. At present, clay minerals, biomass such as biomass charcoal, macromolecular substances such as moisture absorption and water retention agents, microorganisms and the like are the main components of common soil conditioners.
The problems of mine ecological destruction and ore sand stacking in China are increasingly serious, and particularly in desertification areas of inner Mongolia and other areas, the ecological greening process of the ore sand stacking area is extremely difficult under climatic conditions of drought, strong wind, large day and night temperature difference, strong sunshine and the like. At present, the mining field has few cases for the high-efficiency comprehensive treatment of ore sand, develops a novel green environmental protection technology, has great significance for carrying out ecological greening on the basis of improving the tailing sand, and has wider application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to add a compound soil conditioner into tailing sand, wherein the compound soil conditioner comprises substances such as microorganism modified biomass charcoal, a macromolecular moisture absorption and retention agent, a slow-release carbon source, clay minerals, fermented cow dung fertilizer and the like. The fermented cow dung can provide nutrient substances; the polyacrylamide water-retaining agent can not only retain water, but also can glue tailing sand particles to inhibit dust; the biomass charcoal loaded with indigenous microorganisms in inner Mongolia areas can adsorb heavy metal ions in tailing sand, and the biomass charcoal and loaded bacillus subtilis ALH1, bacillus licheniformis ALH2, actinomycetes ALH3 and pseudomonas ALH4 are also beneficial to the generation of soil aggregates; the carboxymethyl cellulose-loaded modified rice hull can be used as an efficient slow-release carbon source to promote the growth of herbaceous plants, and can also be used as an adhesive to promote tailing sand to form soil aggregates; the bentonite clay mineral can not only adsorb heavy metal ions in the tailing sand, but also has important significance for soil improvement and crop growth in saline-alkali areas.
The invention relates to a tailing sand composite soil conditioner which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-5 parts of compost cow dung, 0.5-2 parts of bentonite, 0.01-0.02 part of polyacrylamide water-retaining agent, 0.5-2 parts of biomass carbon loaded with soil improvement fungicide, and 0.5-2 parts of modified rice husk.
Preferably, carboxymethyl cellulose is loaded on the modified rice hulls.
Preferably, the compost cow dung is prepared by fermenting cow dung, and the specific process is as follows: mixing the cow dung leavening agent and wheat bran according to the weight ratio of 1: 5-1: 10, and adding the mixture into fresh cow dung according to the weight addition ratio of 0.1-2%. Then stacking the cow dung, adjusting the water content of the cow dung to be 40-65%, starting fermentation at 15-20 ℃, raising the fermentation temperature to be 70-75 ℃, and supplying oxygen, stirring uniformly, turning frequently and ventilating the cow dung in the operation process. When the cow dung is black brown and the temperature begins to decrease to normal temperature, the completion of fermentation is indicated, and the required compost cow dung is obtained.
Preferably, the preparation process of the biomass charcoal loaded with the soil improvement microbial inoculum comprises the following steps: adding the biomass charcoal into fermentation liquor containing bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, actinomycetes and pseudomonas and stirring and culturing to obtain the biomass charcoal.
Preferably, the biomass charcoal loaded with the soil improvement microbial inoculum is stirred and cultured in the fermentation liquor for 8-16 h.
Preferably, the concentration of the bacteria in the fermentation liquor is controlled to be 108-.
Preferably, the fermentation liquor adopts beet molasses as a carbon source and corn steep liquor as a nitrogen source.
Preferably, the modified rice hulls are prepared as follows: treating the air-dried rice hulls with 3-6% of sodium hydroxide for 10-20h, washing with water for multiple times to remove the sodium hydroxide, drying, and then adding the rice hulls into a solution containing 1-10% of carboxymethyl cellulose and stirring for 8-16h to prepare the carboxymethyl cellulose-loaded modified rice hulls.
The invention relates to an ecological greening method for copper molybdenum ore tailings, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, mixing the composite soil conditioner and the tailing sand and filling the mixture into a tailing sand warehouse; the mixture of the composite soil modifier and the tailing sand contains 1-5 wt% of compost cow dung, 0.5-2 wt% of bentonite, 0.01-0.02 wt% of polyacrylamide water retention agent, 0.5-2 wt% of biomass carbon loaded with various soil modifying bacteria agents and 0.5-2 wt% of modified rice husk.
And 2, planting plants in the tailing pond.
Preferably, in step 1, the tailings pond is subjected to a flattening treatment. The plant selected in the step 2 is ryegrass, alfalfa or Chinese wildrye.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the biomass charcoal in the soil conditioner used by the invention not only can adsorb heavy metal elements, but also is beneficial to the construction of soil aggregates by itself and various microorganisms carried by the biomass charcoal.
2. The modified rice hulls in the soil conditioner used by the invention load carboxymethyl cellulose, and not only can be used as an efficient slow-release carbon source to promote the growth of herbaceous plants, but also can be used as an adhesive to promote tailing sand to form soil aggregates.
3. The modifier used in the invention is environment-friendly and harmless, has low cost, can improve the content of soil organic matters and the types and the quantity of microorganisms, keeps water, reduces water evaporation, promotes the germination and growth of herbaceous plants, and has important significance in the ecological greening process of the tailings sand.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below.
A method for ecologically regreening copper-molybdenum ore tailings,
the specific implementation mode of the invention comprises the following steps:
step 1, dressing of a tailing pond site and soil improvement: leveling the land, preparing the composite soil conditioner and applying the composite soil conditioner to the improvement of the soil matrix. The specific process is as follows:
1-1, flattening the field of the tailings pond, wherein the height of the field is flat and the filling height of the field is low, so that the field tends to be flat, and the subsequent plant planting is facilitated;
1-2, preparing a composite soil conditioner comprising compost cow dung, bentonite, a polyacrylamide water-retaining agent, biomass carbon loaded with various soil improvement microbial inoculum and modified rice hulls.
The composite soil conditioner and the tailing sand are mixed as follows: mixing 1-5% (w/w) of compost cow dung, 0.5-2% (w/w) of bentonite, 0.01-0.02% (w/w) of polyacrylamide water retention agent, 0.5-2% (w/w) of biomass charcoal loaded with various soil improvement bactericides, 0.5-2% (w/w) of modified rice hulls and 88.98-97.49% (w/w) of tailing sand.
1-3, mixing and stirring the treated tailing sand and the composite soil conditioner by using a stirrer, and backfilling the mixture into a finished tailing sand warehouse. And then the mixture is irrigated thoroughly by flood irrigation and is kept stand for several days until the surface of the tailing sand mixed with the composite soil conditioner is air-dried and agglomerated.
The concrete description of each component in the compound soil conditioner is as follows:
the compost cow dung used in the soil conditioner is prepared by fermenting cow dung in inner Mongolia areas, and the concrete process is as follows: mixing the cow dung leavening agent and wheat bran according to the weight ratio of 1: 5-1: 10, and adding the mixture into fresh cow dung according to the weight addition ratio of 0.1-2%. Then stacking the cow dung, adjusting the water content of the fermented cow dung to be 40-65%, starting the fermentation to be 15-20 ℃, controlling the fermentation to be heated to 70-75 ℃, and increasing oxygen supply measures in the operation process to uniformly mix, turn over frequently and ventilate. Fermentation can be completed within a normal week. When the cow dung is black brown and the temperature begins to decrease to normal temperature, the completion of fermentation is indicated, and the required compost cow dung is obtained.
And secondly, bentonite contained in the soil conditioner is taken from bentonite ore in the red-peak area of inner Mongolia, and the polyacrylamide moisture absorption and retention agent is commercially available industrial-grade polyacrylamide.
The preparation method of the biomass charcoal used in the soil conditioner and loaded with various soil improvement microbial inoculum comprises the following steps: slowly cracking biomass including corn straws and rice straws in a carbonization furnace in an anoxic environment (the cracking temperature is 300-; adding fermentation liquor (beet molasses is used as a carbon source and corn steep liquor is used as a nitrogen source in the fermentation liquor) containing bacillus subtilis ALH1, bacillus licheniformis ALH2, actinomycetes ALH3 and pseudomonas ALH4 into the prepared biomass charcoal, stirring and culturing for 8-16h, controlling the concentration of bacteria in the fermentation liquor to be 108-109/ml, and collecting the obtained biomass charcoal, namely the biomass charcoal loaded with various soil improvement microbial inoculum.
The specific preparation method of the modified rice hulls used in the soil conditioner comprises the following steps: treating the air-dried rice hulls with 3-6% of sodium hydroxide for 10-20h, washing for multiple times to remove the sodium hydroxide, then blowing and drying, and then adding the rice hulls into a solution containing 1-10% of carboxymethyl cellulose and stirring for 8-16h to prepare the carboxymethyl cellulose-loaded modified rice hulls.
Step 2, screening and tending the plants: and screening out dominant plants suitable for local growth for planting.
The plant screening and tending specifically comprises: the research and investigation of the diversity of the plants in the local mining area preferentially selects the tolerant plants which have high survival rate, good water and soil conservation and are suitable for the growth of the local mining area, and the plants are planted and maintained.
Example 1
The method for testing the ecological greening of the copper-molybdenum ore tailings recorded in the invention in the internal Mongolian red-peak Aaleng copper-molybdenum ore tailing area comprises the following specific steps:
the inner Mongolia red peak Oromu copper molybdenum ore tailing area is located in the northeast of the inner Mongolia red peak city, belongs to a moderate-temperature zone semiarid continental monsoon climate area, and is too long and cold in winter, too strong wind in spring drought, too strong hot water and rainwater in summer, too short in autumn, too fast in temperature drop and too early in frost. The average annual temperature is 0-7 ℃, the average temperature in the coldest month (1 month) is about minus 10 ℃, the average temperature in the extreme lowest month is minus 27 ℃, and the average temperature in the hottest month (7 months) is 20-24 ℃. The annual precipitation amount is 300-500 mm.
2019 inner Mongolia Chifeng Aolo flower10000m is established in the copper molybdenum ore tailing area2The ecological demonstration base improves the soil matrix of the mining area and improves the biological diversity and ecological environment of the mining area by adding the compound soil conditioner into the tailing sand.
The specific ecological greening operation process is as follows:
(1) trimming the tailing pond site, digging 20cm of tailings on the surface layer and stacking the tailings nearby every 100m2318kg of soil is dug, and then the field is leveled, so that the gradient of the field is not less than 0.3%. And then mixing the composite soil conditioner with the tailing sand.
(2) The dominant plants were sown after mechanical plowing as follows: and (3) selecting plant varieties with strong stress resistance in the inner Mongolia area, such as perennial ryegrass, leymus chinensis and alfalfa, and sowing the plants at a rate of 10kg per mu. In order to improve the germination rate of the seeds, the seeds are sown after being soaked in warm water for 24 hours. After sowing, the seeds are covered with a black dust screen and watered until the surface is wet, the dust screen is used for protecting the grass seeds from being washed away and lost, and the effects of heat preservation and moisture preservation are achieved, so that the germination and growth of the seeds are promoted, and meanwhile, the seeds are prevented from being swallowed by birds and beasts. When the grass seeds generally emerge and most of the grass seeds reach the trefoil stage, the covering can be removed.
(3) The process of seedling maintenance after sowing is as follows: spraying a small amount of water every 10 days to keep the soil surface moist without influencing the growth of vegetation; secondly, spraying a broad-spectrum agent regularly to prevent various plant diseases and insect pests in time; thirdly, topdressing is carried out in time according to the growth condition of the plants, and the seedling burning is avoided by adopting the principle of small quantity and multiple times; fourthly, timely replanting the sparse grass-free area after the plant germinates.
(4) Vegetation recovery effect: in spring of 2020, plant survival rate and growth amount are investigated in a copper-molybdenum ore tailing test area, and researches show that after the compound soil conditioner is applied to tailing sand, the types and the amounts of total organic matters and microorganisms in the tailing sand are obviously increased, soil fertility is recovered, the plant survival rate reaches 89.5%, the preservation rate is above 84.5%, the plant growth vigor is good, and the greening effect of the mine area is obvious.
Example 2
The ecological greening capability of the tailings sand improved by the soil matrix in the step 1 is tested as follows:
perennial ryegrass, alfalfa and leymus chinensis are selected for ecological greening. Firstly, soaking the seeds in warm water overnight for pregermination, and then uniformly sowing the pregerminated seeds into a flowerpot filled with improved tailings sand. Spraying a small amount of tap water every 10 days to keep the surface wet. Germination, emergence and crop growth were recorded during the growth of the plants. Herbaceous plants are harvested in about 60 days, soil samples are collected to determine the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total organic matter content, soil pH and EC of the soil, and the soil microbial community structure is analyzed through 16S rRNA sequencing. Plant samples were harvested and tested for plant height, fresh weight (roots, stems, leaves), and dry weight. Researches show that after the compound soil conditioner is applied to the tailing sand, the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total organic matters, types and quantity of microorganisms in the tailing sand are obviously increased, the germination rates of perennial ryegrass, alfalfa and leymus chinensis are obviously improved, and the growth vigor of herbaceous plants is good. The method has important significance for improving the property of the tailing sand and ecologically restoring green.
Claims (10)
1. The tailing sand composite soil conditioner is characterized in that: the paint comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-5 parts of compost cow dung, 0.5-2 parts of bentonite, 0.01-0.02 part of polyacrylamide water-retaining agent, 0.5-2 parts of biomass carbon loaded with soil improvement fungicide, and 0.5-2 parts of modified rice husk.
2. The tailing sand composite soil conditioner as claimed in claim 1, wherein: carboxymethyl cellulose is loaded on the modified rice hulls.
3. The tailing sand composite soil conditioner as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the compost cow dung is formed by fermenting cow dung, and the specific process is as follows: mixing a cow dung leavening agent and wheat bran according to a weight ratio of 1: 5-1: 10, and adding the mixture into fresh cow dung according to a weight addition ratio of 0.1-2%; then stacking the cow dung, adjusting the water content of the cow dung to be 40-65%, starting fermentation at 15-20 ℃, raising the temperature of fermentation to be 70-75 ℃, and supplying oxygen, stirring uniformly, turning frequently and ventilating the cow dung in the operation process; when the cow dung is black brown and the temperature begins to decrease to normal temperature, the completion of fermentation is indicated, and the required compost cow dung is obtained.
4. The tailing sand composite soil conditioner as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the preparation process of the biomass charcoal loaded with the soil improvement microbial inoculum comprises the following steps: adding the biomass charcoal into fermentation liquor containing bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, actinomycetes and pseudomonas and stirring and culturing to obtain the biomass charcoal.
5. The tailing sand composite soil conditioner as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the biomass charcoal loaded with the soil improvement microbial inoculum is stirred and cultured in fermentation liquor for 8-16 h.
6. The tailing sand composite soil conditioner as claimed in claim 4, wherein: during the culture of the biomass charcoal in the fermentation liquid, the concentration of bacteria in the fermentation liquid is controlled to be 108-.
7. The tailing sand composite soil conditioner as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the fermentation liquor adopts beet molasses as a carbon source and corn steep liquor as a nitrogen source.
8. The tailing sand composite soil conditioner as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the preparation process of the modified rice hull is as follows: treating the air-dried rice hulls with 3-6% of sodium hydroxide for 10-20h, washing with water for multiple times to remove the sodium hydroxide, drying, and then adding the rice hulls into a solution containing 1-10% of carboxymethyl cellulose and stirring for 8-16h to prepare the carboxymethyl cellulose-loaded modified rice hulls.
9. An ecological greening method for copper-molybdenum ore tailings is characterized by comprising the following steps: step 1, mixing the composite soil conditioner and the tailing sand and filling the mixture into a tailing sand warehouse; the mixture of the composite soil modifier and the tailing sand contains 1-5 wt% of compost cow dung, 0.5-2 wt% of bentonite, 0.01-0.02 wt% of polyacrylamide water retention agent, 0.5-2 wt% of biomass carbon loaded with various soil modifying bacteria agents and 0.5-2 wt% of modified rice husk;
and 2, planting plants in the tailing pond.
10. The ecological greening method of copper molybdenum ore tailings according to claim 9, characterized in that: in the step 1, a tailing pond is subjected to leveling treatment; the plant selected in the step 2 is ryegrass, alfalfa or Chinese wildrye.
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| CN116267156A (en) * | 2023-03-31 | 2023-06-23 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Chemical metering and dispensing method for fertilizer by taking molybdenum ore tailing sand as raw material |
| CN116267156B (en) * | 2023-03-31 | 2024-04-09 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Chemical metering and dispensing method for fertilizer by taking molybdenum ore tailing sand as raw material |
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