CN102764757A - Bioremediation method for heavy-metal contaminated soil of mining area - Google Patents
Bioremediation method for heavy-metal contaminated soil of mining area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bioremediation method for the heavy-metal contaminated soil of a mining area, comprising the following steps: (1) applying thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure and superphosphate to the surface of the heavy-metal contaminated soil of the mining area, and spraying a biological surfactant which is rhamnolipid with the mass concentration of 1.5%; (2) ploughing, leveling and irrigating the heavy-metal contaminated soil of the mining area; (3) coating the alfalfa seeds with a microbial inoculum containing alfalfa-rhizobia; (4) coating the alfalfa seeds coated with the microbial inoculum; (5) treating Chinese wildrye seeds at low temperature; (6) mixing the coated alfalfa seeds and the Chinese wildrye seeds treated at low temperature, and sowing the mixed seeds into the heavy-metal contaminated soil of the mining area; and (7) carrying out field management after the seedlings emerge. Due to the adoption of the bioremediation method, the heavy metal in the heavy-metal contaminated soil of the mining area can be adsorbed and absorbed efficiently, and the residual heavy metals in the soil can be reduced. The bioremediation method has the characteristics of high remediation speed, good effect and large treating amount and is easy to operate and master manually.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the ecological, environmental protective field, specifically is the biological renovation method of a heavy metal species contaminated soil in mining areas.
Background technology
In decades recently, because global industrialization causes the material that has genotoxic potential in a large number to be discharged into biosphere, wherein just comprise heavy metal, these heavy metals can get in soil, river, the underground water by all means.Heavy metal is the pollutant that is difficult to control, and its incubation period is long, harm is chronic accumulation, be difficult for being discovered and having non-degradable property by people, will produce lasting, a series of pollution in case get in the environment, is difficult for being removed.Mine tailing storehouse in the metal mine is the important source of heavy metal pollution in the environmental system; Mine tailing is a kind of solid waste that produces in the mining process; Contain the higher toxic heavy metal of concentration in these discarded objects; When they from underground be carried to the face of land after because the change of physics, electrochemical conditions, the release of heavy metal element in the mine tailing, migration can produce serious heavy metal pollution to face of land ecological environments such as near soil.In addition, the large-area places of banking up of needs such as the mine tailing in the mine development process, barren rock, thus cause the taking in a large number and destruction to banking up the original ecosystem in place of soil caused the deterioration of the ecological environment.Mining area heavy metal in soil element is of a great variety; For example Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, As, Bi, Sn, Mo, Se, Te, Ti, Be etc.; If these elements precipitate in soil and fix or all can cause very big harm to ecological environment with other boundary in the occurring in nature circulation, and harm humans is healthy directly or indirectly through approach such as contact, food chains.Slight heavy metal poisoning dizziness can occur, feels sick, degradation symptom under cough, uncomfortable in chest, poor appetite, allergic, the intelligence, and serious heavy metal poisoning can endanger people's life.
Heavy metal pollution soil remediation technology has been carried out a series of research both at home and abroad; With respect to soil moved in to improve the original, dig, traditional physical chemistry recovery technique such as soil drip washing; Biological restoration especially phytoremediation, reduced investment effective, expense because of it low, be easy to management and operation, do not produce secondary pollution etc., be acknowledged as the green recovery technique of ecological friendly type original position.
Phytoremediation is to utilize the absorption of root system and a kind of repair mode that the interior flourishing enzyme system of body is administered pollution.Plant, can also purify air with water body in rehabilitating soil, beautify the environment, prevents erosion as driving force with solar energy, and non-secondary pollution is specially adapted to the regional improvement of pollution in wide area.Because the difference of plant metabolism; So the mechanism of action of phytoremediation also is not quite similar; But can be divided into 5 kinds generally: (1) phytovolatilization: utilize plant that some volatile contaminants are absorbed in the plant, be translated into gaseous material then and discharge into the atmosphere; (2) plant extract: plant directly absorbs one or more pollutants and at the plant body accumulation, afterwards the plant results is handled; (3) plant degradation: the effect of the various enzymes that plant utilization itself produces, a kind of mode that the pollutant that absorbs in the plant is transformed and degrades; (4) plant rhizosphere effect: utilize the degradation of the various enzymes of plant rhizosphere microbe and root release to transform organic pollution; (5) plant stability: claim the plant passivation again,, pollutant is adsorbed in root system and soil surface, thereby reduce effective form of pollutant through the acting in conjunction of plant and soil.
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a pulse family Papillionoideae clover, and is high because of its grass yield, be rich in characteristics such as protein, good palatability, adaptability are strong and be called as " king of herbage ".Alfalfa is a perennial plant, and general growth year can reach about 10 years, well developed root system, and cauline leaf is in great numbers.Summer, its dense branches and leaves can stop that rainwater washes away and surface runoff the physics of soil, and autumn and winter, face of land coverage was high, can not make table soil receive the erosion of strong wind, reduced dust storm content in the air.Loess Plateau Region in severe water and soil erosion is described as " water is protected the pioneer ".The prosperity of alfalfa root system is buried deeply, generally can reach 3-5 rice, and length can reach more than 10 meters; Therefore can absorb the moisture of deep subsoil, drought-resistant ability is just very high naturally, and on the huge root system a large amount of root nodules of life; Can carry out biological nitrogen fixation, 32.9 kilograms in every mu of about fixed nitrogen is equivalent to the ammonium sulfate of 2460kg; Improved soil fertility so greatly, this characteristic is highly beneficial to learotation system, can significantly improve the yield and quality of succession crop; And reduced the input of fertilizer, reduced the environmental pollution that causes because of a large amount of fertilizer inputs.Sheep's hay (Aneurolepidium chinensis) is a kind of perennial rhizome type graminous pasture; Have good cold-resistant, drought-enduring, moisture-proof, the barren and certain salt tolerant alkali ability of anti-soil; Palatability is good; Anti-trample, the withered grass phase is slow, is the kind that cultivate as artificial pasture in east China and Heilongjiang Province, Jilin Province.
Yet, effective case of at present both at home and abroad the mining area heavy-metal contaminated soil being implemented biological restoration also seldom, especially soil treating, floristics select and the phytoremediation Mechanism Study on also lack and go deep into systematic research.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of effective ways of repairing the mining area heavy-metal contaminated soil.
Particularly, method of the present invention is a kind of method of utilizing soil treating-alfalfa/sheep's hay to unite reparation mining area heavy-metal contaminated soil, it is characterized in that said method comprises the steps:
(1) farm manure and the calcium superphosphate that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed is spread fertilizer over the fields on the heavy-metal contaminated soil surface in the mining area, and the sprinkling mass concentration is 1.5% rhanolipid as biosurfactant;
(2) to the mining area heavy-metal contaminated soil plough, smooth and pour water;
(3) on alfalfa seed, coat the microbial inoculum that contains rhizobium melioti;
(4) alfalfa seed that is coated with microbial inoculum is carried out dressing;
(5) Leymus chinensis seeds is carried out K cryogenic treatment;
(6) alfalfa seed of dressing and the Leymus chinensis seeds after the K cryogenic treatment are mixed, with mixed planting seed in the heavy-metal contaminated soil of mining area;
(7) carry out field management after emerging.
In the step (1), the farm manure consumption that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed is preferably 1500 kilograms/mu, and the calcium superphosphate consumption is preferably 50 kilograms/mu, and preferably at implementation step (1) 24h with interior implementation step (2).
In the step (3), the seed of said alfalfa seed preferred maturity, full, free from insect pests, the preferred Sinorhizobium meliloti of said rhizobium melioti (Sinorhizobium meliloti).
The technological process of step (3) is preferably following: join the microbial inoculum that contains rhizobium melioti in the sticker, after stirring, add alfalfa seed again, stir repeatedly, make and all be stained with microbial inoculum on each seed, the mass ratio of seed and microbial inoculum is 1:7-10.Wherein, the sticker of use be preferably be selected from sodium cellulose glycolate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium alginate, starch, gelatin, the gum arabic more than a kind or 2 kinds.
The technological process of step (4) is preferably following: put into the dressing machine to the alfalfa seed that is obtained by step (3), shake mixing repeatedly through the dressing machine, make each seed all wrap one deck coating material, at last seed is put in the ventilation, it is for use to dry in the shade.Wherein, said coating material be preferably be selected from talcum powder, mica powder, the potter's clay powder more than a kind or 2 kinds.
In the step (5), the seed of said Leymus chinensis seeds preferred maturity, full, free from insect pests, said K cryogenic treatment is handled 8-10h down for preferred-20 ℃.
In the step (6), preferably with the alfalfa seed of dressing and the Leymus chinensis seeds after the K cryogenic treatment according to the 1:1 mixed in equal amounts, it is following preferably to sow condition: seeding method drilling, application rate are 1.5-2 kilogram/mu, and depth of planting is 2-3 centimetre.
Method of the present invention can effectively be carried out the absorption and the absorption of heavy metal in the heavy-metal contaminated soil of mining area; It is residual to reduce heavy metal in soil; Have that reparation speed is fast, effective, simple to operate, treating capacity is big, be easy to characteristics such as artificial grasps, for large tracts of land reparation mining area heavy-metal contaminated soil provides effective ways.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of expression embodiment of the invention concrete steps.
The present invention is a kind of method of repairing the mining area heavy-metal contaminated soil; Particularly; It is a kind of method of utilizing amendement (farm manure+calcium superphosphate+biosurfactant)-phytoremediation measure (leguminous forage alfalfa+graminous pasture sheep's hay) to unite reparation mining area heavy-metal contaminated soil; It is characterized in that said method comprises the steps:
(1) farm manure and the calcium superphosphate that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed is spread fertilizer over the fields on the heavy-metal contaminated soil surface in the mining area, and the sprinkling mass concentration is 1.5% rhanolipid as biosurfactant;
(2) to the mining area heavy-metal contaminated soil plough, smooth and pour water;
(3) on alfalfa seed, coat the microbial inoculum that contains rhizobium melioti;
(4) alfalfa seed that is coated with microbial inoculum is carried out dressing;
(5) Leymus chinensis seeds is carried out K cryogenic treatment;
(6) alfalfa seed of dressing and the Leymus chinensis seeds after the K cryogenic treatment are mixed, with mixed planting seed in the heavy-metal contaminated soil of mining area;
(7) carry out field management after emerging.
The present invention utilizes the farm manure, the calcium superphosphate that fully become thoroughly decomposed to improve physical arrangement, increase soil fertility (increasing content, the oxygen content of the soil organism), the adjusting soil pH (reduction soil pH value) of mining area heavy-metal contaminated soil; And, increase substantially the effect of plant removing heavy metals through spraying plant absorption, the absorption of rhanolipid as biosurfactant promotion heavy metal; But utilize simultaneously that alfalfa is perennial, well developed root system biological nitrogen fixation and sheep's hay is perennial, rhizome type dogstail, but reproductive capacity is strong and biological nature such as the two restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal, carries out the phytoremediation of mining area heavy-metal contaminated soil.The present invention can effectively adsorb, absorb the heavy metal that upper soll layer and even deep subsoil pollute, thereby it is residual effectively to reduce heavy metal in soil under the double action of the phytoremediation of soil improvement, alfalfa/sheep's hay.Method of the present invention has that reparation speed is fast, effective, simple to operate, treating capacity is big, be easy to characteristics such as artificial grasps, is a kind of effective ways that are used for large tracts of land reparation mining area heavy-metal contaminated soil.
Step of the present invention (1) is to promote the enhancements that phytoremediation is taked through soil improvement.
The soil property such as the content of organic matter, oxygen content, physical arrangement, pH value and N, P reserves etc. can change absorption, the absorption rate of plant to heavy metal, therefore improve the phytoremediation effect that edaphic condition can improve heavy metal.Farm manure that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed and calcium superphosphate can improve the physicochemical property (soil aperture of having stopped up like mediation, improve soil permeability) of soil, increase soil fertility (increasing soil organic matter content, oxygen content) and also regulate soil pH (reduction soil pH value).Spray rhanolipid as biosurfactant and can promote that the plant of heavy metal contaminants is adsorbed, absorption process, increase substantially the removing heavy metals effect of plant.The farm manure consumption that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed is generally 1000-2000 kilogram/mu, is preferably 1500 kilograms/mu; The calcium superphosphate consumption is generally 30-70 kilogram/mu, is preferably 50 kilograms/mu.
Preferably implementation step (1) 24 hour with interior to soil plough, smooth and pour water.Plough the degree of depth and be generally 15-30 centimetre, be preferably 20 centimetres.
In above-mentioned steps (3), the seed of alfalfa seed preferred maturity, full, free from insect pests.Use such seed, can obtain better soil remediation effect.In addition, to the influence that microbial inoculum coats, preferably seed is cleaned in the clear water of normal temperature for fear of dust etc., dry under the natural conditions afterwards.
Rhizobium melioti is the one type of Gram-negative bacteria that supplies plant nutrient with clover symbiosis formation root nodule and with airborne nitrogen reduction ammonification.Through using rhizobium melioti, can promote the growth and the fixed nitrogen of alfalfa root system, thereby improve the repairing effect of heavy-metal contaminated soil.As rhizobium melioti, preferred Sinorhizobium meliloti (Sinorhizobium meliloti).
To the not special restriction of the concrete technology of step (3), but preferably use following method: join the microbial inoculum that contains rhizobium melioti in the sticker, after stirring, add alfalfa seed again, stir repeatedly, make and all be stained with microbial inoculum on each seed.Through using this method; Microbial inoculum can adhere on the seed through the effect of sticker securely; Microbial inoculum is difficult for coming off from seed in the sowing process; After planting the rhizobium melioti in the microbial inoculum can be effectively distributes, breeds along the root system of alfalfa, thereby has improved the phytoremediation effect of alfalfa.
In said method, the mass ratio of seed and microbial inoculum is preferably 1:7-10, more preferably 1:8.
To the not special restriction of the sticker that uses, but, preferably derive from the sticker of plant or animal or these stickers are carried out the sticker that modification obtains from preventing the angle of soil pollution.As such sticker, can enumerate sodium cellulose glycolate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium alginate, starch, gelatin, gum arabic etc.These stickers can use separately or two or more mixing is used.
To the not special restriction of the concrete technology of step (4); But preferably use following method: put into the dressing machine to the alfalfa seed that obtains by step (3); Shake mixing repeatedly through the dressing machine; Make each seed all wrap one deck coating material, at last seed is put in the ventilation, it is for use to dry in the shade.Through using this method, coating material is wrapped on the outer microbial inoculum that adheres to of seed equably, thereby has more effectively improved the compound action between microbial inoculum and the seed, improve the phytoremediation effect of alfalfa.
To the not special restriction of the coating material that uses, but from preventing the angle of soil pollution, preferred natural mineral material.As such coating material, can enumerate talcum powder, mica powder, potter's clay powder etc.These coating materials can use separately or two or more mixing is used.From extensive, the low-cost angle of material source, preferably talc powder.
In the step (5), the seed of said Leymus chinensis seeds preferred maturity, full, free from insect pests uses such seed, can obtain better soil remediation effect.In addition, the temperature of said K cryogenic treatment is preferably-20 ℃, and the processing time is preferably 8-10h, more preferably 10h.Through K cryogenic treatment, can improve the germination percentage of Leymus chinensis seeds.
In the step (6), alfalfa seed and Leymus chinensis seeds are preferably according to the 1:1 mixed in equal amounts, and the sowing condition is preferably following: seeding method is drilling, and application rate is 1.5-2 kilogram/mu, and depth of planting is 2-3 centimetre.
Alfalfa and sheep's hay mixed seeding plantation not only can form the meadow very soon, and the rhizome type root system of the system of taproot of alfalfa and sheep's hay can fast and effeciently carry out the biological restoration of mining area heavy-metal contaminated soil, and also favourable herbage nutriment is abundanter.
Field management in the step (7) is meant timely and pours water, weed control and prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control etc.
Embodiment
Following embodiment can make those of ordinary skill in the art more fully understand the present invention, but does not limit the present invention in any way.
Experiment analytical method adopts " potentiality of draft energy-source plant restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal " (Chinese meadow journal, 2012 34 the 1st phases of volume, 59-64 page or leaf).
Concrete steps are (as shown in Figure 1) as follows:
1. the mining area heavy-metal contaminated soil is handled: sample plot is chosen in Hongtoushan Copper Mine, Fushun's mine tailing periphery soil; About 500 square metres of sample plot area; Spread fertilizer over the fields 1500 kilograms/mu of the farm manures that fully become thoroughly decomposed on August 26th, 2011; 50 kilograms/mu of calcium superphosphate spray the rhanolipid as biosurfactant of mass concentration 1.5%.
2. mining area heavy-metal contaminated soil farming: 20 centimetres plough, smooth and pour water.Get 5 soil samples at random and carry out the content of beary metal analysis.
3. the screening of alfalfa seed, cleaning and drying: screen 0.7 kilogram in alfalfa of middle lucerne (Medicago sativa L.cv.Zhongmu NO.1) seed (available from Jiuquan great cause kind industry Co., Ltd) ripe, full, free from insect pests; After in the clear water of normal temperature, cleaning, dry under the natural conditions.
4. strain culturing and microbial inoculum are made: get Sinorhizobium meliloti (Sinorhizobium meliloti) (available from Shanghai Ai Yan bio tech ltd), after shaking table is cultivated 48h in the YMA fluid nutrient medium under 28 ℃ the condition, obtain Rhizobium Inoculant.
5. coat microbial inoculum: sticker uses sodium cellulose glycolate; Getting above-mentioned microbial inoculum (about 5600 gram), to join mass concentration be in 5% the sodium cellulose glycolate aqueous solution (5000ml), after stirring, to add seed again; Stir repeatedly, make each seed all be stained with Rhizobium Inoculant.
6. seed pelleting: coating material is a talcum powder; Put into the above-mentioned seed that is stained with microbial inoculum and be equipped with in the talcous dressing machine, shake the mixing dressing repeatedly, make each seed all wrap one deck coating material through the dressing machine; At last seed is put in the ventilation, it is for use to dry in the shade.
7. the screening of Leymus chinensis seeds, cleaning and drying and K cryogenic treatment: screen Ji ripe, full, free from insect pests and give birth to a sheep's hay (Aneurolepidium chinensis cv.Jisheng NO.1) 0.7 kilogram in seed (available from Jisheng Improved Variety Station of Aneurolepidium Chinense, Jilin Province); After in the clear water of normal temperature, cleaning; Dry under the natural conditions, afterwards at-20 ℃ condition held 10h.
8. sowing: on August 30th, 2011 fully mixed the alfalfa seed of dressing and the Leymus chinensis seeds of K cryogenic treatment, bar shaped sowing, application rate 1.5-2 kilogram/mu, depth of planting 2-3 centimetre.
9. field management: in time pour water after emerging, weed control and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
The check and analysis result is following:
Got 5 soil samples at random on July 20th, 2012 and carry out the heavy metal removing rate analysis, the content of copper, chromium, lead, cadmium reduces by 35%, 27%, 48% and 23% respectively in the soil, explains that method of the present invention can effectively repair the mining area heavy-metal contaminated soil.
Claims (11)
1. the biological renovation method of a mining area heavy-metal contaminated soil is characterized in that, said method comprises the steps:
(1) farm manure and the calcium superphosphate that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed is spread fertilizer over the fields on the heavy-metal contaminated soil surface in the mining area, and the sprinkling mass concentration is 1.5% rhanolipid as biosurfactant;
(2) to the mining area heavy-metal contaminated soil plough, smooth and pour water;
(3) on alfalfa seed, coat the microbial inoculum that contains rhizobium melioti;
(4) alfalfa seed that is coated with microbial inoculum is carried out dressing;
(5) Leymus chinensis seeds is carried out K cryogenic treatment;
(6) alfalfa seed of dressing and the Leymus chinensis seeds after the K cryogenic treatment are mixed, with mixed planting seed in the heavy-metal contaminated soil of mining area;
(7) carry out field management after emerging.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step (1), the farm manure consumption that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed is 1500 kilograms/mu, and the calcium superphosphate consumption is 50 kilograms/mu.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, at implementation step (1) 24h with interior implementation step (2).
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step (3), said alfalfa seed is a seed ripe, full, free from insect pests.
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step (3), said rhizobium melioti is a Sinorhizobium meliloti.
6. method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that the technological process of step (3) is following: join the microbial inoculum that contains rhizobium melioti in the sticker, after stirring; Add alfalfa seed again; Stir repeatedly, make and all be stained with microbial inoculum on each seed, the mass ratio of seed and microbial inoculum is 1:7-10.
7. method according to claim 6 is characterized in that, said sticker be selected from sodium cellulose glycolate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium alginate, starch, gelatin, the gum arabic more than a kind or 2 kinds.
8. method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; The technological process of step (4) is following: put into the dressing machine to the alfalfa seed that is obtained by step (3), shake mixing repeatedly through the dressing machine, make each seed all wrap one deck coating material; At last seed is put in the ventilation, it is for use to dry in the shade.
9. method according to claim 8 is characterized in that, said coating material be selected from talcum powder, mica powder, the potter's clay powder more than a kind or 2 kinds.
10. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step (5), said Leymus chinensis seeds is a seed ripe, full, free from insect pests, and said K cryogenic treatment is-20 ℃ and handles 8-10h down.
11., it is characterized in that in the step (6), alfalfa seed and Leymus chinensis seeds are according to the 1:1 mixed in equal amounts according to any described method among the claim 1-10, seeding method is drilling, application rate is 1.5-2 kilogram/mu, and depth of planting is 2-3 centimetre.
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| CN103949466A (en) * | 2014-05-13 | 2014-07-30 | 贵州大学 | Heavy metal in-situ control and vegetation improvement method of lead-zinc smelting waste slag |
| CN103949466B (en) * | 2014-05-13 | 2016-05-18 | 贵州大学 | The heavy metal in-situ control of lead-zinc smelting waste residue with plant raw modification method |
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| CN109526523B (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2021-04-20 | 杰瑞(莱州)矿山治理有限公司 | Method for carrying out ecological restoration on acid tailing pond |
| CN109526658A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2019-03-29 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | A kind of modification method of land reclamation in mining area matrix |
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Application publication date: 20121107 |