CN105724016A - Copper mine waste oxidized ore hillock ecological restoration method - Google Patents
Copper mine waste oxidized ore hillock ecological restoration method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105724016A CN105724016A CN201610094218.7A CN201610094218A CN105724016A CN 105724016 A CN105724016 A CN 105724016A CN 201610094218 A CN201610094218 A CN 201610094218A CN 105724016 A CN105724016 A CN 105724016A
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound 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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
Abstract
The invention discloses a copper mine waste oxidized ore hillock ecological restoration method. The method comprises the first step of land preparation, the second step of first layer grating laying, the third step of ecological bag slope protection, the fourth step of lime layer spraying, the fifth step of physical isolation layer laying, the sixth step of ecological bar erecting, the seventh step of second layer grating laying, the eighth step of soil matrix improvement layer spraying, the ninth step of seed layer spray-sowing, the tenth step of straw curtain covering and fixing and the eleventh step of water intercepting and drainage facility arranging. By means of the ecological restoration method, acid can be effectively isolated and controlled, and the effect of heavy metal and other pollutants on the surroundings can be controlled from a source.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to soil ecology and repair field, the method being specifically related to the revegetation of oxidized ore waste-rock yard.
Background technology
Sulfur compound Ore produces acid mineral water with hydrosphere atmospheric thermodynamics and microbial interaction under supergene condition, is the important sources of copper mine environmental pollution.By integrated use physics, chemistry and biological control measure, building stable vegetational type, the generation of anti-antacid mineral water and migration from source, be solve the essence behave that copper mine waste-rock yard pollutes.Exceed standard the situation such as serious for copper mine oxidized ore barren rock stockyard soil depletion, extreme pH, copper, carry out restoration of the ecosystem extremely difficult, it is necessary to meet the treatment technology of impoverishment tolerant, heavy metal acidproof, resistance to simultaneously.
Currently, metal mine Heavy Metal Pollution Control measure and restorative procedure are broadly divided into following three major types: one is gongwu chemical method, utilize the way such as physical mechanical, physical chemistry to administer heavy metal pollution of soil, specifically include that soil moved in improve the original method, rinse complexometry, electronic chemical method, heat treating process, physical solidification method etc.;Advantage is, effect stability thorough for soil remediation seriously polluted, that area is less, shortcoming is complicated operation, control expense height, and decline and secondary pollution problems easily caused by the destruction of Soil structure, soil fertility, therefore it is very limited during practical application.Two is agriculture chemistry control method, be apply various modifying agents, inhibitor or take suitable agricultural measures to regulate soil pH, organic matter, CEC, the soil water grade condition, make the heavy metal in soil aoxidize, reduce, precipitate, adsorb, suppress and the effect such as antagonism, change the water solublity of heavy metal-polluted soil, diffusibility, thus the method reducing its biological effectiveness;Advantage is with low cost, easy to implement, heavy metal can be efficiently reduced and enter human body by food chain, the modifying agent that shortcoming is consistent with objective requirement is little, and the repairing effect of modifying agent suffers from the restriction of the kind of heavy metal ion, plant, soil types and envirment factor, the improvement cycle is oversize simultaneously;Although organic amendment adds the absorption of heavy metal and fixing when just applying, reduce its effectiveness, but along with the mineralising of organic substance is decomposed, it is likely to result in the release again of the heavy metal ion being adsorbed, increase the absorbtivity of plant, therefore, the soil utilizing organic amendment repairing heavy metal pollution has certain risk.Three is repairing method biology, utilizes biological vital metabolic activity reduce the concentration of poisonous and harmful substance in environment or make it completely harmless, so that contaminated soil partially or even wholly returns to initial condition;Bioremediation mechanism is to utilize biology (mainly microorganism, plant and animal) effect, cuts down, purifies heavy metal in soil pollution or reduce heavy metal toxicity, it is suppressed that acid-producing microorganisms;This technology be generally believed that have physics, chemical repair method incomparable with low cost, Soil structure fertility can be improved, in-situ treatment soil pollution, environmental perturbation is less, do not result in pollution transportation or secondary pollution.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the shortcomings such as prior art cost height, cycle length and control acid weak effect, based on repairing method biology, acid-base balance is regulated by Calx, the generation of acid is blocked by physical isolation, build stable vegetation group, it is provided that a kind of copper mine oxidized ore barren rock stockyard ecological restoring method of with low cost, simple to operate, effect stability.
Concentrating on studies through the present inventor, is finally completed the present invention.The present invention provides the method for recovering vegetation of a kind of copper mine waste-rock yard, comprises the following steps:
(1) clear up domatic: barren rock stockyard is carried out slope stability process, implements height and dig and low fill out leveling operation, form smooth step domatic;
(2) ground floor grid is laid: in domatic laying and use timber stationary grizzly, should ensure that grid is close to as far as possible domatic, must not exceed 3cm from domatic ultimate range;
(3) ecology bag barricade: ecology bag is laid to toe place, plays bank protection effect;
(4) spray lkd layer: by quick lime with plant loam, after binding agent mixes in proportion, utilize dry spraying machine that Calx sprays application to Mine production top layer and spray to domatic, thickness is about 2-3cm;
(5) sealing coat is laid: be layed in by sealing coat in step (4) on lkd layer comprehensively, and fix with timber;
(6) the ecological rod of erection: be located at domatic by ecology rod transverse strands, and fix with timber and iron wire, each ecological rod longitudinal pitch is 1.5-2.5m;
(7) laying second layer grid: in domatic laying and use timber stationary grizzly, grid and insulation surface distance are 13-17cm;
(8) sow grass seeds by duster improvement hypothallus: by rice husk, fertilizer, compound fertilizer, Nutrition Soil, binding agent, water-retaining agent one or more improved materials become Soil improvement matrix with planting after loam is mixed homogeneously, dry spraying machine is utilized Soil improvement matrix to be sowed grass seeds by duster to sealing coat as soil moved in improve the original substrate layer, thickness 12-13cm;
(9) sow grass seeds by duster Seed Layer: seed is mixed homogeneously with Seed Layer substrate, wherein, plant seed includes Festuca Arundinacea, paspalum notatum, coreopsis, Coreopsis basalis, Trifolium repense, Bermuda grass, sesbania, Leucaena leucocephala (L.), horse spine, spends more Drymotaenium miyoshianum (Mak.) Mak., akeake etc., Seed Layer is sprayed onto on Soil improvement matrix layer by the mode adopting wet shot, and thickness is about 2-3cm;
(10) Caulis et Folium Oryzae curtain shelters from heat or light layer: is covered by Caulis et Folium Oryzae curtain comprehensively and is fixed on Seed Layer, plays water conservation, soil moisture conservation, is incubated, prevents the effects such as rain drop erosion, grows up the environment providing suitable for germination and seedling;
(11) drain dyke: the ecological rod of longitudinal erection two in domatic both sides, spacing is 30-50cm, laterally sets up ecological rod domatic and make it be slightly inclined to side.
Wherein, in step (1), the domatic length of step is 8-10m, and packway width is about 0.5-1m.
In step (3), ecology bag adopts flexible ecological bag, and in ecology bag, packing material includes the composition of following percentage by weight: ore deposit soil 60-70%, fertilizer 15-25%, rice husk 10-20%, ecology bag piling height is about 0.8-1.5m.
Grid in step (2), (7) is geotechnique's two-way grille, intensity >=20KN.
Calx and to plant the ratio of loam be 1:10-15 in step (4), the consumption of binding agent is determined according to unit are, and concrete consumption is 10-15g/m2。
Sealing coat in step (5) is the special geotechnique's pad of environment remediation, and specification is 10kg/m2, including impervious material layer, guide water layer and plant growing nutritive layer three layers, see utility model invention " restoration of the ecosystem special-purpose water-proof blanket " (patent No. CN201520219902.4).
In step, the improvement substrate in (8) and the seed layer materials in (9) all plant interpolation rice husk 6-8kg, fertilizer 2-3kg, compound fertilizer 1-2kg, Nutrition Soil 0.4-0.6kg, binding agent 0.05-0.2kg, water-retaining agent 0.05-0.2kg in loam by every side, wherein binding agent added in right amount by soil moved in improve the original base material, Seed Layer is added water-retaining agent in right amount, adds binding agent less.
The method have the advantages that
The present invention controls in the soil of ore deposit while the diffusion of poisonous and harmful substances to provide required nutrition for plant growing by spraying lkd layer and carry out shallow-layer acid-base neutralization improvement, utilize sealing coat, and adopt soil matrix improvement and plant stability technology to improve soil environment, reduce the Transport And Transformation of heavy metal.The present invention not only simplifies construction process, easy and simple to handle but also reduce construction cost, it is possible to be substantially reduced the harm to plant and surrounding enviroment such as acid stress, heavy metal pollution.
Figure of description
Fig. 1 is the spot effect figure of the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme clearly understand, it is further elucidated with the present invention below by the detailed description of detailed description of the invention, but is not limitation of the present invention, only illustrate.Below in conjunction with Jiujiang County of Jiangxi Province Ores At Chengmenshan Copper Mine waste-rock yard restoration of the ecosystem example, the present invention is further elaborated.
Ores At Chengmenshan Copper Mine waste-rock yard grade of side slope is about 60 °, and soil is grittiness, highly acid, and abrupt slope part is washed away seriously, and water holding capacity is poor, domatic almost without plant growing, exceeds standard containing various heavy such as copper, lead, zinc, cadmiums in soil.Ecological Restoration Project of the invention process, specifically comprises the following steps that
(1) clearing up domatic, barren rock storage yard slope is implemented near-nature forest landform and arranges, heap body is domatic to be arranged according to the gradient being not more than natural repose angle, and laterally repaiies in domatic central authorities and set packway, forms step domatic, and packway width is 60cm;
(2) lay and fix ground floor grid with timber, it is ensured that grid is close to domatic, from domatic no more than 3cm as far as possible;
(3) building ecology bag barricade, excavate bar ditch in hillside fields, bar trench depth is 20-30cm, to flexible ecological bag (specification is 815mm*440mm) is filled the ore deposit soil of 60%, the Nutrition Soil of 25% and 15% rice husk, and ecology bag is layed in bar ditch, high 1m, plays bank protection effect;
(4) lay lkd layer, by Calx and soil in 1:12(v:v) ratio and appropriate binding agent mix homogeneously after, employing dry spraying machine lkd layer is sprayed in domatic, thickness is 3cm;
(5) lay sealing coat, sealing coat is layed on lkd layer comprehensively, and fixes with timber;
(6) the ecological rod of erection, first by rice husk, Nutrition Soil, plant the material such as loam, fertilizer and fill to ecological rod, the ecological rod diameter after filling is about 15cm, then, by ecology rod along domatic level be layed in domatic on, fix with timber and iron wire, ecological rod longitudinally between distance be 1.5m;
(7) lay second layer grid, grid is laid and is fixed on ecological rod, it is ensured that the spacing on grid and sediment layer surface is about 15cm;
(8) will plant loam, fertilizer, compound fertilizer, Nutrition Soil, rice husk, water-retaining agent, binding agent mix in proportion as Soil improvement matrix, prepared by Soil improvement matrix: add Nutrition Soil 500g, fertilizer 2500g, compound fertilizer 1500g, rice husk 7500g, water-retaining agent 125g, binding agent 100g in every 1 cube of soil, adopting dry spraying machine to be sowed grass seeds by duster to region between sediment layer and second layer grid, thickness is 13cm;
(9) sow grass seeds by duster Seed Layer, plantation layer substrate configuration: plant interpolation Nutrition Soil 500g, fertilizer 2500g, compound fertilizer 1500g, rice husk 7500g, water-retaining agent 150g, binding agent 75g in loam for every 1 cube, by plant seed, including Festuca Arundinacea 100g, paspalum notatum 125g, Bermuda grass 100g, sesbania 125g, Trifolium repense 100g, horse spine 300g, spend more Drymotaenium miyoshianum (Mak.) Mak. 300g, Leucaena leucocephala (L.) 300g, akeake 300g, coreopsis 30g, Coreopsis basalis 30g, mixing homogeneously with Seed Layer substrate and adopt the mode of wet shot to be sowed grass seeds by duster to Soil improvement matrix layer, thickness is 2cm;
(10) lay Caulis et Folium Oryzae curtain, Caulis et Folium Oryzae curtain is covered on domatic, keeping moist environment comprehensively, promote seed germination;
(11) drain dyke is set, longitudinally lays two ecological rods repairing domatic both sides, forms the gutter that width is 30cm, in the domatic laterally erection fixing ecological excellent and slightly to lopsidedness on Caulis et Folium Oryzae curtain of upper and lower two-stage, play a role in the drainage.
After implementing 1 month, waste-rock yard vegetation cover degree reaches 80%, and herbal growth is rapid, effectively covers earth's surface, and xylophyta is evenly distributed.After implementing 3 months, waste-rock yard vegetation coverage reaches 90%, and vegetation entirety upgrowth situation is good, and shrub plant growth is vigorous and is evenly distributed, and average production height reaches about 1m.After implementing half a year, herbal growth is weak gradually, shrub plant growth is vigorous, Activities of Some Plants root system has penetrated sealing coat, take root in waste-rock yard top layer, plant root growth is good, does not find harmful effect plant growing produced because of copper mine waste-rock yard acidifying and heavy metal pollution, and spot effect figure is shown in Fig. 1.
Claims (8)
1. a copper mine oxidized ore barren rock stockyard ecological restoring method, it is characterised in that described method comprises the steps of
(1) clear up domatic: barren rock stockyard is carried out slope stability process, implements height and dig and low fill out leveling operation, form smooth step domatic;
(2) ground floor grid is laid: in domatic laying and use timber stationary grizzly, should ensure that grid is close to as far as possible domatic, from domatic ultimate range less than 3cm;
(3) ecology bag barricade: ecology bag is laid to toe place, plays bank protection effect;
(4) lkd layer is sprayed: after being mixed in proportion with stockyard stripping soil, binding agent by quick lime, utilizing dry spraying machine that Calx sprays application to Mine production top layer and spray to domatic, thickness is 2-3cm;
(5) sealing coat is laid: be layed in by sealing coat in step (4) on lkd layer comprehensively, and fix;
(6) the ecological rod of erection: be located at domatic by ecology rod transverse strands, and fix, each ecological rod longitudinal pitch is 1.5-2.5m;
(7) second layer grid is laid: at domatic laying stationary grizzly, grid and insulation surface distance are 13-17cm;
(8) sow grass seeds by duster improvement hypothallus: by rice husk, fertilizer, compound fertilizer, Nutrition Soil, binding agent, water-retaining agent one or more improved materials become Soil improvement matrix with planting after loam is mixed homogeneously, dry spraying machine is utilized Soil improvement matrix to be sowed grass seeds by duster to sealing coat as soil moved in improve the original substrate layer, thickness 12-13cm;
(9) sow grass seeds by duster Seed Layer: seed is mixed homogeneously with Seed Layer substrate, wherein, plant seed is selected from Festuca Arundinacea, paspalum notatum, coreopsis, Coreopsis basalis, Trifolium repense, Bermuda grass, sesbania, Leucaena leucocephala (L.), horse spine, spends more Drymotaenium miyoshianum (Mak.) Mak., akeake etc., Seed Layer is sprayed onto on soil moved in improve the original substrate layer by the mode adopting wet shot, and thickness is about 2-3cm;
(10) Caulis et Folium Oryzae curtain shelters from heat or light layer: is covered by Caulis et Folium Oryzae curtain comprehensively and is fixed on Seed Layer, grows up the environment providing suitable for germination and seedling;
(11) arranging drain dyke: the ecological rod of longitudinal erection two in domatic both sides, spacing is 30-50cm, laterally sets up ecological rod domatic and make it be slightly inclined to side.
2. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (1), the domatic length of step is 8-10m, packway platform width is about 0.5-1m.
3. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (3), ecology bag adopts flexible ecological bag, and in ecology bag, packing material includes the composition of following percentage by weight: peeling off ore deposit soil 70-80%, fertilizer 10-15%, rice husk 10-15%, ecology bag piling height is about 0.8-1.5m.
4. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the grid in step (2), (7) is geotechnique's two-way grille, intensity >=20KN.
5. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that Calx and to plant the ratio of loam be 1:10-15 in step (4), the consumption of binding agent is determined according to unit are, it is preferable that consumption is 10-15g/m2。
6. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the sealing coat in step (5) is the special geotechnique's pad of environment remediation, and specification is 10kg/m2, including impervious material layer, guide water layer and plant growing nutritive layer.
7. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step, the improvement hypothallus in (8) and/or the seed layer materials in step (9) all plant interpolation rice husk 6-8kg, fertilizer 2-3kg, compound fertilizer 1-2kg, Nutrition Soil 0.4-0.6kg, binding agent 0.05-0.2kg, water-retaining agent 0.05-0.2kg in loam by by every side.
8. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that in step in the improvement hypothallus in (8) binder dosage more than water-retaining agent, in step in the Seed Layer in (9) binder dosage less than water-retaining agent.
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