CN106561206B - Ecological landscape construction method for preventing and controlling multiple metal tailings reservoir non-point source pollution - Google Patents
Ecological landscape construction method for preventing and controlling multiple metal tailings reservoir non-point source pollution Download PDFInfo
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- CN106561206B CN106561206B CN201610908871.2A CN201610908871A CN106561206B CN 106561206 B CN106561206 B CN 106561206B CN 201610908871 A CN201610908871 A CN 201610908871A CN 106561206 B CN106561206 B CN 106561206B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for constructing ecological landscape for preventing and controlling multiple metal tailing pond surface source pollution, which comprises the steps of firstly arranging a barrier layer at the periphery of a tailing pond to prevent heavy metals in the tailing pond from migrating outwards; applying a heavy metal stabilizer to the upper layer part of the tailing pond, and mixing stably to form a heavy metal stabilizing layer, wherein the heavy metal stabilizer is obtained by modifying the orychophragmus violaceus with an acetic acid/acetic anhydride solution; covering a soil layer mixed with a soil conditioner on the heavy metal stabilization layer; and planting plants with strong heavy metal tolerance on the soil layer. The heavy metal stabilizer has the advantages of cheap raw materials and simple preparation process, has better heavy metal adsorption performance by carrying out sulfhydrylation modification on orychophragmus violaceus, can adsorb and stabilize heavy metal in tailings, has better effect and is low in price; in addition, the invention can establish a stable, safe and self-maintained vegetation community in the tailings pond, and effectively control the migration and diffusion of heavy metal pollutants.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental management, in particular to a method for constructing an ecological landscape for preventing and controlling multiple metal tailings pond non-point source pollution.
Background
Nonferrous metals are mined since the years in western Han dynasty, the history of more than 2000 years is existed so far, and mining industry is a big prop industry in China for a long time. The mining industry brings economic development, however, the waste land of the tailing pond generated after mining not only occupies a large amount of land, but also damages vegetation and landscape in a large area, which causes disappearance of a large amount of species, sharp reduction of biodiversity, degradation of ecosystem and serious damage to local ecological environment. In addition, the tailings contain a large amount of heavy metals (lead, chromium, cadmium, arsenic, mercury and the like) and are easy to pollute surrounding soil and water under the action of water erosion, leaching, runoff and the like, and the tailings in the tailings are also easy to erode by wind to cause dust pollution, so that the sustainable development of local overall economy is restricted to a great extent, and the health of local and downstream people is influenced. Therefore, ecological restoration of the tailings pond and control of pollution to the surrounding environment have become one of the hot spots of current research.
At present, in order to control the pollution from the tailings pond, an engineering measure of covering soil is generally adopted, namely covering a large amount of clay. Most of the metal tailing ponds in China are in mountainous areas, so that the soil source is relatively small originally, and the soil taking is more and more difficult after years of mining. Due to the existence of a plurality of factors for limiting the growth of plants in the tailings, most of the natural vegetation is still lack of growth due to high concentration of residual heavy metals, lack of a large amount of nutrient elements (such as N, P), extremely poor soil structure, surface layer instability and the like.
Therefore, by adopting artificial auxiliary measures, the activity of heavy metals can be reduced by adding a heavy metal stabilizing agent into tailings, then a soil conditioner is added, and resistant plants are planted to construct an ecological control system, so that the migration of heavy metals in the environment is greatly reduced under the combined action of the plants and the conditioner, a tailing pond can be stabilized, pollution is controlled, the landscape is improved, and the health threat of pollution to human is relieved. The method has the advantages of low investment, no damage to site structures, no secondary pollution, economy, environmental protection and the like, and becomes a reliable, relatively safe and environment-friendly repairing method.
The prior art is searched and found that the Chinese patent 'vegetation recovery method of waste land in manganese ore area' utilizes goldenrain trees, dulcamara, platycladus orientalis and the like to recover the vegetation in the waste land in the manganese ore area, so that a good vegetation recovery effect of the waste land in the manganese ore area is achieved; chinese patent preparation method and application of biological soil for recovering mine vegetation adopts biological crust and epiphytic fungi rotten wood and turf to prepare biological soil, and mixes biological crust particles, rotten wood chips and turf according to dry weight proportion to prepare the biological soil, so that the problem of harsh soil conditions of mines can be effectively solved, and the growth of plants can be promoted; chinese patent vegetation restoration structure and vegetation restoration method for abandoned metal mine fields prevents acid water from polluting the land of a mining area by effectively dredging water flow, and establishes an oxygen consumption layer to effectively inhibit oxidation of sulfides, thereby reducing the acidity of the soil and further restoring the polluted soil, and realizing the effects of restoring the polluted soil, restoring vegetation, restoring, greening and protecting the environment. However, the above patents are mainly from the engineering technical point of view, the purpose of restoring the contaminated soil is achieved by simple vegetation recovery, the required construction materials are complex, the earthwork amount is large, and the prevention and control effect on the non-point source pollution of various heavy metals is not good. Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a method for constructing a natural ecological landscape for preventing and controlling the non-point source pollution of various heavy metals by combining characteristic plant assembly with a heavy metal stabilizing technology and a soil improvement technology. In further search, no literature report that is the same or similar to the subject matter of the present invention has been found.
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a method for constructing a natural ecological landscape for preventing and controlling the non-point source pollution of various heavy metals. Starting from multiple targets of ecological benefit, economic benefit, ecological restoration and the like, a stable, safe and self-sustaining vegetation community is established on the waste land of the tailing pond with high heavy metal toxicity, poor physical structure, impoverishment and bare, wind erosion and water erosion are effectively controlled, and migration and diffusion of heavy metal pollutants to peripheral areas are prevented and controlled from the source.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for constructing an ecological landscape for preventing and controlling the non-point source pollution of a multiple metal tailings pond.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for constructing ecological landscape for preventing and controlling multiple metal tailings pond non-point source pollution comprises the following steps:
s1: arranging a barrier layer at the periphery of the tailing pond to prevent heavy metals in the tailing pond from migrating outwards;
s2: applying a heavy metal stabilizer to the upper layer part of the tail sand warehouse, and mixing stably to form a heavy metal stabilizing layer, wherein the heavy metal stabilizer is obtained by modifying the orychophragmus violaceus with an acetic acid/acetic anhydride solution;
s3: covering a soil layer mixed with a soil conditioner on the heavy metal stabilization layer;
s4: and planting plants with strong heavy metal tolerance on the soil layer.
In some embodiments, the heavy metal stabilizer is prepared by the following steps: crushing the orychophragmus violaceus, mixing acetic acid and acetic anhydride in a volume ratio of 0.5-1.5:1, pouring the mixture into water for dilution to obtain an acetic acid/acetic anhydride solution, putting the crushed orychophragmus violaceus into the acetic acid/acetic anhydride solution for soaking for a period of time, taking out the orychophragmus violaceus, and drying.
In a preferred embodiment of the above scheme, the total volume fraction of acetic acid and acetic anhydride in the acetic acid/acetic anhydride solution is from 5 to 25%.
In a preferred embodiment of the above scheme, the soaking time is 4-12 hours.
In a preferred embodiment of the above scheme, the temperature of the drying is 30-35 ℃.
In some specific embodiments, the heavy metal stabilizer is applied in a mass ratio of heavy metal stabilizer: tailings ═ 3-5: (90-100).
In some specific embodiments, the plant includes herbaceous plants, shrubs and trees.
In a preferred embodiment of the above scheme, the herbaceous plant is one or more of orychophragmus violaceus, cyperus malaccensis, turnip, pink herb, rubus parvifolius, broomcorn millet and ledebouriella seseloides, the shrub is one or more of Indigofera tinctoria, ficus pavonica, rosa davurica, vitex negundo and hibiscus manihot, and the arbor is one of juniper, ficus formosana, celastrus sinensis, salix mongolica and amorpha fruticosa.
In some specific embodiments, the heavy metal stabilization layer has a thickness of 10-15 cm.
In some embodiments, the soil layer has a thickness of 15 to 20 cm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
because the tailings pond has various heavy metals and high heavy metal content, plants are difficult to survive, and the plants can not be seen on the tailings pond, the invention provides a method for constructing an ecological landscape for preventing and controlling the non-point source pollution of the multiple metal tailings pond, which comprises the steps of firstly arranging a barrier layer at the periphery of the tailings pond to prevent the heavy metals in the tailings pond from migrating to the periphery; applying a heavy metal stabilizer to the upper layer part of the tailing pond, and mixing stably to form a heavy metal stabilizing layer, wherein the heavy metal stabilizer is obtained by modifying the orychophragmus violaceus with an acetic acid/acetic anhydride solution; covering a soil layer mixed with a soil conditioner on the heavy metal stabilization layer; and planting plants with strong heavy metal tolerance on the soil layer. The heavy metal stabilizer provided by the invention is cheap in raw materials and simple in preparation process, has better heavy metal adsorption performance by carrying out sulfhydrylation modification on orychophragmus violaceus, can adsorb and stabilize heavy metals in tailings, and is better in effect and low in price; in addition, the invention sets up a stable, safe and self-sustaining vegetation community on the waste land of the tailings pond with high heavy metal toxicity, poor physical structure, impoverishment and bare from the multiple targets of ecological benefit, economic benefit, ecological restoration and the like, effectively controls wind erosion and water erosion, and prevents and controls the migration and diffusion of heavy metal pollutants to peripheral areas from the source.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the ecological landscape structure for preventing and controlling the non-point source pollution of the multiple metal tailings ponds in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the plant configuration of example 1.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a sectional view of an ecological landscape structure for preventing and controlling multiple metal tailings pond surface source pollution in example 1, and this embodiment provides a method for constructing an ecological landscape for preventing and controlling multiple metal tailings pond surface source pollution, wherein first, a barrier layer 1 is arranged at the periphery of a tailings pond 2 to prevent heavy metals in the tailings pond 2 from migrating outwards; applying a heavy metal stabilizer to the upper layer part of the tailing warehouse 2, mixing stably to form a heavy metal stabilization layer 3, wherein the thickness of the heavy metal stabilization layer 3 is 10cm, the applying mass of the heavy metal stabilizer accounts for 3% of the mass of the tailing, the heavy metal stabilizer is obtained by modifying orychop through acetic acid/acetic anhydride solution, and the specific preparation steps are as follows: crushing the orychophragmus violaceus, mixing acetic acid and acetic anhydride in a volume ratio of 1:1, pouring the mixture into water for dilution to obtain an acetic acid/acetic anhydride solution, wherein the total volume fraction of the acetic acid and the acetic anhydride in the acetic acid/acetic anhydride solution is 25%, putting the crushed orychophragmus violaceus into the acetic acid/acetic anhydride solution for soaking for 4 hours, taking out the orychophragmus violaceus, and drying at 30 ℃ to obtain the heavy metal stabilizing agent. The orychophragmus violaceus plants, especially straws thereof contain a large amount of organic carboxyl and organic sulfydryl, and the content of the organic sulfydryl is greatly improved after the orychophragmus violaceus plants are subjected to sulfydryl modification by an acetic acid/acetic anhydride solution. The active heavy metal in the soil can form a stable complex with organic carboxyl (RCOOH) and organic sulfhydryl (RSH), so that the obtained heavy metal stabilizer can adsorb and stabilize the heavy metal.
Then covering a soil layer 4 mixed with a soil conditioner on the heavy metal stabilization layer 3, wherein the soil conditioner accounts for 15% of the soil mass, the soil conditioner is a biological organic fertilizer produced by composting and fermenting garden plant wastes (such as branches, fallen leaves, lawn clippings and other plant residues) and the thickness of the soil layer 4 is 15 cm; and finally, planting plants with strong heavy metal tolerance on the soil layer 4, and constructing an ecological landscape on the soil layer after applying a soil conditioner in the soil. The selected plants not only have strong heavy metal toxicity resistance (heavy metal enrichment), but also have ecological benefits, and the economic forest has certain economic benefits, and improves the natural environment, the ecological benefits and the social benefits of the mining area and the surrounding areas. Preferably, the herbaceous plant is one or more of february, cyperus malaccensis, turnip, pink herb, rubus parvifolius, broomcorn millet and beard grass, the shrub is one or more of flowery knotweed, plantain, ficus auriculata, rosa davurica, vitex negundo and cottonrose hibiscus, and the arbor is one or more of juniper, banyan of milk origin, hackberry, salix mongolica and amorpha fruticosa. In a further preferred embodiment, the plant assembly is carried out in the manner shown in fig. 2, with the planting units spaced 0.5m apart to serve as gutters. The specific planting mode is arbor: chinese tallow tree, the height of the selected nursery stock is 50-100cm, the tree has a certain crown width, and the planting row spacing is 2.0m multiplied by 1.5 m; and (3) shrub: scattering the seed of the magnolia variegata, dibbling the young Chinese rose seedlings, wherein the height of the seedlings is 20-40 cm; herbaceous plants: spraying alfalfa seeds, dibbling Trifolium repens seedlings with the height of 10-30 cm.
The method is divided into four regions exemplarily, the plant growth condition can be seen to be good after the landscape construction is carried out for the first half year and the second year respectively before the landscape construction, the coverage rate of a tailing pond reaches more than 90%, the tailing samples are subjected to content analysis of four heavy metal active states, and the results are shown in table 1. According to the experimental results in the table 1, the DTPA extraction state contents of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd are greatly reduced after the plants are planted for one year or half year, which shows that the extraction state contents of various heavy metals in the tailings pond can be effectively reduced by treating the tailings pond with the method for constructing the ecological landscape for preventing and controlling the multiple metal tailings pond surface source pollution, and the landscape construction of the tailings pond can be well realized.
TABLE 1 Tail sand heavy metal DTPA extracted State content (mg. kg) after vegetation recovery-1DW)
Example 2:
this embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1 except that: the specific preparation steps of the heavy metal stabilizer are as follows: mixing acetic acid and acetic anhydride in a volume ratio of 0.5:1, pouring the mixture into water for dilution to obtain an acetic acid/acetic anhydride solution, wherein the total volume fraction of the acetic acid and the acetic anhydride in the acetic acid/acetic anhydride solution is 5%, putting the crushed orychophragmus violaceus into the acetic acid/acetic anhydride solution for soaking for 12 hours, taking out the orychophragmus violaceus, and drying at 35 ℃. The application mass of the heavy metal stabilizing agent accounts for 5% of the mass of the tailings, the thickness of the heavy metal stabilizing layer 3 is 15cm, and the thickness of the soil layer is 15 cm.
Claims (7)
1. A method for constructing ecological landscape for preventing and controlling multiple metal tailings pond non-point source pollution is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: arranging a barrier layer at the periphery of the tailing pond to prevent heavy metals in the tailing pond from migrating outwards;
s2: applying a heavy metal stabilizer to the upper layer part of the tail sand warehouse, and mixing stably to form a heavy metal stabilizing layer, wherein the heavy metal stabilizer is obtained by modifying the orychophragmus violaceus with an acetic acid/acetic anhydride solution;
s3: covering a soil layer mixed with a soil conditioner on the heavy metal stabilization layer;
s4: planting plants with strong heavy metal tolerance on the soil layer, wherein the plants comprise herbaceous plants, shrubs and trees, the height of seedlings of the trees is 50-100cm, the height of seedlings of the shrubs is 20-40cm, and the height of seedlings of the herbaceous plants is 10-30 cm;
the heavy metal stabilizing agent is prepared by the following steps: crushing the orychophragmus violaceus, mixing acetic acid and acetic anhydride in a volume ratio of 0.5-1.5:1, pouring the mixture into water for dilution to obtain an acetic acid/acetic anhydride solution, wherein the total volume fraction of the acetic acid and the acetic anhydride in the acetic acid/acetic anhydride solution is 5-25%, putting the crushed orychophragmus violaceus into the acetic acid/acetic anhydride solution for soaking for a period of time, taking out the orychophragmus violaceus, and drying.
2. The method for constructing the ecological landscape for preventing and controlling the multiple metal tailings pond non-point source pollution according to claim 1, wherein the soaking time is 4-12 hours.
3. The method for constructing the ecological landscape for preventing and controlling the multiple metal tailings pond non-point source pollution according to claim 1, wherein the drying temperature is 30-35 ℃.
4. The method for constructing the ecological landscape for preventing and controlling the multiple metal tailings pond non-point source pollution according to claim 1, wherein the application mass ratio of the heavy metal stabilizer is as follows: tailings ═ 3-5: (90-100).
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the herbaceous plant is one or more of orychophragmus violaceus, cyperus malaccensis, turnip, pink herb, rubus parvifolius, broomcorn millet and ledebouriella seseloides, the shrub is one or more of Indigofera tinctoria, ficus microcarpa, rosa davurica, vitex negundo and hibiscus manihot, and the arbor is one of juniper, ficus microcarpa, hackberry, salix mongolica and amorpha fruticosa.
6. The method for constructing the ecological landscape for preventing and controlling the multiple metal tailings pond non-point source pollution according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the heavy metal stabilizing layer is 10-15 cm.
7. The method for constructing the ecological landscape for preventing and controlling the multiple metal tailings pond non-point source pollution according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the soil layer is 15-20 cm.
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