CN103817144A - Method for restoring heavy metal cadmium polluted earth by winter cherry - Google Patents
Method for restoring heavy metal cadmium polluted earth by winter cherry Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for restoring heavy metal cadmium polluted earth by winter cherry. According to the method, winter cherry is planted on the earth polluted by heavy metal cadmium, and cadmium is absorbed by roots of winter cherry, and then is transferred and stored at the aerial parts of the winter cherry; when the winter cherry grows to the flowering stage, the aerial parts of the winter cherry are harvested, and stubbles of the winter cherry are left for sprouting to realize continuous extraction; the aerial parts of the winter cherry are subjected to ashing incineration, the ash contents are subjected to stabilizing treatment by a sodium sulfide solution, and water is added for curing the treated ash contents to be globe-shaped or block-shaped; after air drying, the globe-shaped or block-shaped ash contents are buried or stacked at places isolated from rain water so as to realize the purpose of controlling the earth polluted by cadmium. According to the method, the cost is low, the operation is simple and convenient, the control effect is obvious, the physical chemical property of soil cannot be destroyed, secondary pollution can be avoided, water and soil conservation can be realized, the environment is beautified, and the method has a wide popularization and application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of repairing and treating method of cadmium pollution soil, especially a kind of method with Chinese lantern remediating heavy metal cadmium pollution soil.
Background technology
China is subject to the soil of the heavy metal pollutions such as cadmium, arsenic, lead more, especially outstanding with cadmium pollution.Because cadmium can not be strong by Soil Microorganism degraded, long half time, biogenic migration, very easily be absorbed by plants and accumulate, exceed output, quality that certain limit not only has a strong impact on crop, and edible part very easily by food chain at people's cylinder accumulation and be detrimental to health, as Japanese Itai-itai diseases event causes because the cadmium element in soil pollutes.Therefore, repairing and treating method and the technology in research cadmium pollution soil is very necessary.
About the improvement of Cadmium Pollution in Soils, mainly contain at present Agro-ecology repairing method, plant restoration method, chemical harnessing method, physics improvement method, engineering control method, Microwave Radiation in Manufacturing etc.Wherein, chemical harnessing method, physical method, engineering control method and Microwave Radiation in Manufacturing processing method cost are higher, and easily cause soil texture destruction, biologically active decline and Fertility Degeneration etc., are difficult to large-scale application; It is long that Agro-ecology repairing method is subject to repairing efficiency, and the not limitation such as significantly of effect, is unfavorable for large-scale promotion.
Phytoremediation technology, because of its special Principles and the improving effect to soil, has the incomparable advantage of other restorative procedure in Cadmium Pollution in Soils is administered.Phytoremediation technology is to utilize the characteristics such as super enrichment or enriching plant absorption to environmental pollutants, enrichment, fixing, transfer, reduces or removing environmental contaminants the technology that contaminated environment is recovered.Phytoremediation technology cost is low, and efficiency is high, can increase the soil organism and fertility, little to environmental perturbation, is applicable to large-area treatment.In addition, phytoremediation, in cleaning heavy metal pollution, can also be removed atmosphere around of contaminated soil or other pollutant of water body, has the higher value of beautifying the environment.Therefore, phytoremediation technology has become one of the focus of world environments recovery technique and engineering science and Disciplinary Frontiers, has broad application prospects.
Cd-hyperaccumulator possesses following characteristics simultaneously: (1), with dry weight basis, the content of beary metal of plant shoot stem or leaf exceedes Critical Standard 100mg/kg; (2) plant shoot cadmium content is greater than the content of Cadmium in Soil; (3) plant shoot cadmium content is greater than root cadmium content; (4) growth of plant does not show obvious cadmium poisoning symptom.
With respect to Cd-hyperaccumulator, cadmium enriching plant is weaker to the accumulation ability of cadmium.But under the specific edaphic condition in cadmium pollution place and climatic environment, do not have in the arable situation of super enriching plant that specific aim is very strong, plantation cadmium enriching plant is also conventional method.Cadmium enriching plant possesses following characteristics: (1) plant shoot cadmium content is greater than root cadmium content; (2) growth of plant does not show obvious cadmium poisoning symptom; (3) plant shoot cadmium content is greater than the content of Cadmium in Soil, but with dry weight basis, does not also reach the desired 100mg/kg Critical Standard of Cd-hyperaccumulator.
The super enrichment or the enriching plant that are applied at present rehabilitating soil cadmium pollution mainly contain Sedum alfredii Hance, Indian mustard, Viola baoshanensis, little white wine flower, dandelion, black nightshade, Thlaspi caerulescens, bidens pilosa etc.To cadmium, single and combined pollution has stronger patience and accumulation ability for they, but nearly all suitable kind of region is narrow, is subject to the impact of the environmental condition such as soil types, weather and poor growth, and biomass is little, repairs the time limit long, and efficiency is low, is difficult to adopt on a large scale.Therefore, in the time adopting phytoremediation technology to administer cadmium pollution soil, some can be widely used in multiple edaphic condition and climatic environment to need searching badly, and growth cycle is short, and biomass is large, and the cadmium rehabilitation plant that accumulation ability is strong, to meet the improvement needs of cadmium pollution soil.
For this reason, the invention provides a kind of method of Chinese lantern remediating heavy metal cadmium pollution soil, there is suitable kind of the scope of rehabilitation plant wide, expense is cheap, easy and simple to handle, and regulation effect is remarkable, not spoiled soil physicochemical property, does not cause secondary pollution, plurality of advantages such as can conserving water and soil and beautify the environment.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of expense cheap, easy and simple to handle, regulation effect is remarkable, and not spoiled soil physicochemical property, does not cause secondary pollution, the cadmium pollution soil plant restoration method that can also conserve water and soil and beautify the environment simultaneously.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme and step:
1, the edaphic condition in Field Research cadmium pollution place and climatic environment, gathers pedotheque, detects the cadmium content in contaminated soil, determines repairing and treating target.The reason of doing is like this that all recovery projects all need first carry out field investigation and investigate on the spot, determine and repair target, and provide the firsthand information for formulating rational recovery scenario, also for later stage assessment regulation effect lays the foundation.
2, select Chinese lantern for cadmium rehabilitation plant and judge its whether suitable kind in administered contaminated site, whether method contains the place that will administer for the place of production habitat range of checking Chinese lantern.
Selection Chinese lantern is that the reason of cadmium rehabilitation plant is: inventor finds by experimental study, Chinese lantern has stronger accumulation ability and transfer ability to cadmium pollution soil, and present following characteristics: 1. soil pollution element cadmium content is higher, the accumulation ability of Chinese lantern is stronger, in the time of Cadium In Polluted Soil concentration >=100mg/kg, Chinese lantern has all features of Cd-hyperaccumulator, but its biomass also, as other enrichment used at present or super enriching plant, can be subject to certain inhibition along with the increase of Cadmium in Soil concentration; In the time of Cadium In Polluted Soil concentration <100mg/kg, Chinese lantern has all features of cadmium enriching plant, and therefore Chinese lantern is suitable for the cadmium pollution soil of all concentration gradients, is especially suitable for the serious pollution district of cadmium concentration >=50mg/kg.2. Chinese lantern is not only strong to the tolerance of cadmium, also has very strong impoverishment tolerant, the anti-adversity ability such as drought-resistant.3. be easy to outdoor cultivation and harvesting, biomass is high, although its overground part is withered winter, and germination and growth again of next spring, once plantation, for many years results.These features become the desirable plant of repairing of cadmium pollution.
From morphological feature, Chinese lantern is Solanaceae Physalis herbaceos perennial, plant height 50～80cm, and the micro-sleeping or inclination of stem, multi-branched, leaf alternate, leaf apex is point gradually, the wide wedge shape of base portion; Hua Dan is born in axil, and calyx green enlarges into egg capsule shape, orange red or red as fire look when ripe certainly after spending; Fruit is subsphaeroidal, and navy blue when ripe is hidden in calyx, 5 millimeters of diameters.These morphological features make it have good soil and slope protection, prevent erosion and beautify the environment texts.
Suitable kind of the scope of Chinese lantern is wide, and grown place habitat range comprises: Shaanxi, Gansu, Shanxi, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan and Eastern Tibet; Be born in hillside, roadside, earth steps, sylvan life, shrubbery, vacant lot, wasteland etc., adapt to all soil types, height above sea level to 3400 meter.
3, by administering site topography feature and tendency, governance unit is set, and make the water system of each governance unit in order, major measure is: deep-cut intercepting ditch along place governance unit surrounding, stop the water of administering outside place and enter improvement place, in place, arrange and reasonably dredge and retain facility, avoid pollution element cadmium in governance process to outflow with water.
The reason of doing is like this: water system disorder may cause improvement district's soil erosion and cadmium element to expand pollution range with water migration, reduces regulation effect and efficiency.Stop the water of administering outside district and administer the rainwater outflow in district, can avoid this situation.
4, top layer 20cm soil layer is excavated and digged, stay ditch at interval of 40～50cm making ridge, apply fertilizer to the subsoil simultaneously; Every ridge plantation Chinese lantern two row, line space 10～20cm, strain spacing 20～30cm; Plant after 40～50 days, impose in urea, carbon ammonium, sulphur ammonium, ammonium nitrate, high-nitrogen compound fertilizer any nitrogenous fertilizer once, 30～50 kgs/acre of consumptions; Irrigate in good time, preferentially adopt the rainwater of retaining in governance unit, soil moisture content should remain on 60～75% of field capacity for a long time.
The reason of doing is like this: adopt the cultivated mode of planting conforming to Chinese lantern habit, can effectively improve the speed of growth and the biological yield of Chinese lantern, thereby improve the effect of phytoremediation.
The benefit that adopts the rainwater of retaining in governance unit to irrigate is: water intaking on the spot, both guaranteed to irrigate, and the cadmium pollution element in water that can make again to run off reassembles at Chinese lantern root, to absorbed by root system of plant quickly.
5, treat that first batch is transplanted 60～70 days, or regrowth hair and later Chinese lantern grow into while blooming, harvesting aerial part, toothing germinates and extracts continuously, and harvested plant shoot is divided and carries out burning ash processing.The reason of doing is like this: by the mode of Chinese lantern enrichment, harvesting, the cadmium in soil is extracted, and carry out follow-up immobilization processing.
6, sampling detects plant shoot and underground part cadmium content, and convert the cadmium content of overground part ash content, in ash content, add the sodium sulfide solution of equimolar amounts, fully be uniformly mixed, shelve more than 30 minutes, then add the cement that is more than or equal to ash content quality, adjust moisture, mixture being pressed into spherical or block, there is the place of isolated rainwater in air-dry rear landfill or heap.
The reason of doing is like this: sodium sulfide solution can make the cadmium ion in ash content revert to the stable rock composition of passivation from activation free state, administers cadmium pollution soil and recovers ecological object thereby reach.
Cd
2++S
2-=CdS↓
CdS is highly stable, and solubility product coefficient is 3.6 × 10
-29.At occurring in nature, the cadmium existing with CdS form is very rare, is only stored in cadmium ore deposit, and can only under strong acid effect, just can discharges free state cadmium.Visible, be reliable by sodium sulfide solution stabilization processes free state cadmium.Meanwhile, add the cement solidifies after CdS is also had to further sealing and package action, and keep stronger alkali condition, make cadmium element more be difficult for discharging.
7,, since second batch, the growth of directly sprouting of former toothing, topdresses, irrigate, and repeating step 5～6, until repaired, soil is up to standard.
The good scheme of the present invention can be, described in step 4, base fertilizer adopts the lignin slow-release fertilizer being composited by lignin and inorganic nutrients, its content of organic matter is 500～900g/kg, total humic acid is 260～500g/kg, full nitrogen is 8～14g/kg, full phosphorus is 5～8g/kg, and available potassium is 280～330mg/kg, and applied amount is every strain 0.2～0.5kg.The benefit of doing is like this: can improve soil physical and chemical property, increase the fertility of soil; Lignin is the paniculate reticular polymer polymer in a kind of phenol type three-dimensional space, contain more phenolic hydroxyl group and alcoholic extract hydroxyl group, there are good chelating or complexing suction-operated with heavy metal ion, can alleviate to a certain extent the murder by poisoning of heavy metal ion to plant, especially in the time of Cadium In Polluted Soil concentration >=100mg/kg, thereby the biomass of Chinese lantern aerial part is increased, improve the recovery rate of contaminated soil cadmium.
The good scheme of the present invention can be also, the Chinese lantern plantation described in step 4, and first batch of mode that adopts first nutritive cube to grow seedlings and transplant carried out.The benefit of doing is like this: first batch of planting patterns that adopts first nutritive cube to grow seedlings and transplant is better than the mode of direct sowing, reason is: nutritive cube grow seedlings can with place water system combing, the work such as consolidation are carried out simultaneously, intersection is carried out, save implantation time, reduce seed consumption simultaneously, improve seedling nutrition condition in early stage, remove the steps such as thinning from.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage: enrichment and the tolerance of (1) Chinese lantern to cadmium is strong, is the super enrichment of cadmium or enriching plant; (2) Chinese lantern wide accommodation, has place of production habitats distribution in national most area, is adapted to any soil types; (3) Chinese lantern has very strong impoverishment tolerant, the anti-adversity ability such as drought-resistant, is easy to plantation, and biomass is large, and extraction efficiency is high; (4) Chinese lantern is perennial herb or shrub, one batch of cultivation, and growth continuously for many years, many batches of harvestings, until repair completely, soil is up to standard; (5) rehabilitation cost is low, extensive management, and operation is very convenient.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Illustrate in greater detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and concrete embodiment.
Fig. 1 is process flow diagram of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
The present invention tests in the cadmium pollution place of city of Yunnan province first, and it is 3000m that area is administered in test
2.Test reparation step is as follows:
(1) through Field Research, 2000 meters of left and right of place height above sea level, physical features is relatively mild, and portion burns sth to the ground, and part is gradient gentle slope below 30 °, and soil types is sandy loam.Detect through sampling, Cadmium in Soil content distribution is inhomogeneous, level land sample point average out to 105mg/kg, gentle slope sample point average out to 75mg/kg.Be the purposes of house land used according to place, determine and repair target for reaching (GB15618-2008) standard of the highest permission cadmium content of the residential estate 10mg/kg of middle regulation of country's " standard of soil environment quality ".
(2) contrast Chinese lantern place of production habitats distribution scope, determines that it is that rehabilitation plant carries out soil pollution improvement that this cadmium pollution place can adopt Chinese lantern of the present invention.
(3) by this test site lineament and tendency, 1 governance unit is set, establish intercepting ditch along domatic and level land periphery, stop water on slope, avoid entering and administer place, on level land, low-lying place establishes cistern, establishes ditch on domatic and level land, the rainwater on domatic and level land is led and is grouped in cistern, avoid outflow.
(4) contaminated site top layer 20cm soil layer is excavated and digged, stay ditch at interval of 40cm making ridge, execute farm manure simultaneously and make base fertilizer; First batch of every ridge plantation Chinese lantern two row, adopts the mode of program request to plant, thinning after emerging 20 days, line space 10cm, strain spacing 20cm; Plant after 45 days, impose urea, 30 kgs/acre of consumptions; Adopt the rainwater of retaining in governance unit to irrigate in good time, connect running water pipe and irrigate without collecting rain, soil moisture content remains on 65～70% scope of field capacity for a long time.
(5) after 70 days, gather in aerial part until first batch of transplanting, toothing germinates and extracts continuously, and harvested plant shoot is divided and carries out burning ash processing.
(6) sampling detects plant shoot and underground part cadmium content, in Table-1.Convert the cadmium content of overground part ash content, add the sodium sulfide solution of equimolar amounts, be fully uniformly mixed, shelve more than 30 minutes, then add the cement that equals ash content quality, adjust moisture, mixture being pressed into spherical or block, there is the place of isolated rainwater in air-dry rear landfill or heap.
(7), since second batch, direct growth, topdresses, irrigate, and repeating step 5～6,2 batches of plantations in a year, continuous repair is after 3 years, and it is below ceiling value that Cadmium in Soil content drops to 10mg/kg that in GB15618-2008, residential estate allows.
The enrichment condition of-1 first batch of Chinese lantern of table to heavy metal cadmium
Illustrate: (1) transfer ratio TF=overground part Cd content/underground part Cd content, TF is larger, and Cd is just stronger under ground portion to aerial part transfer ability.(2) Cd content in overground part concentration coefficient coefficient B CF=overground part Cd content/soil, BCF is larger, and overground part Cd accumulation ability is just stronger.
From table-1, in the present embodiment, the TF of slope plants sample, BCF are all greater than 1, but overground part cadmium content is no more than the Critical Standard of 100mg/kg, show that Chinese lantern is planted in domatic upper, have all features of cadmium enriching plant, its enrichment, transfer effect to cadmium is good; Equally, the phytoid TF in level land, BCF are all greater than 1, and side by side top cadmium content has exceeded the Critical Standard 100mg/kg of Cd-hyperaccumulator, and Chinese lantern is planted on level land, have all features of Cd-hyperaccumulator, and its enrichment, transfer ability to cadmium is better.
Embodiment 2
The test that this example is carried out for the dirty farmland of the cadmium of the present invention in downstream, Tungsten Mine, Ganzhou, test is administered area and is added up to 1800m
2.Test reparation step is as follows:
(1) through Field Research, 1800 meters of left and right of place height above sea level, place was rice terrace originally, soil types is the rice soil that Lateritic Red Soils Originating From Granite parent material development becomes, and after finding to pollute, has stopped farming, becomes nonirrigated farmland.Detect through sampling, soil pH 6.8, wherein cadmium content skewness, between 4.0～8.0mg/kg.Be agricultural use according to place, determine that repairing target is the standard that reaches the highest permission content of the paddy field cadmium 0.5mg/kg in the agricultural land stipulating in GB15618-2008.
(2) contrast Chinese lantern place of production habitats distribution scope, determines that it is that rehabilitation plant carries out soil pollution improvement that this cadmium pollution place can adopt Chinese lantern of the present invention.
(3) by this test site lineament and tendency, 4 governance units are set, establish intercepting ditch along each governance unit periphery, stop periphery water and enter improvement place, establish cistern and gutter at each governance unit, the rainwater in governance unit is led and is grouped in cistern, avoid outflow.
All the other steps of this example are substantially the same manner as Example 1, difference is, step 4 applies fertilizer to the subsoil and adopts the lignin slow-release fertilizer being composited by lignin and inorganic nutrients, its content of organic matter is 800g/kg, and total humic acid is 450g/kg, and full nitrogen is 12g/kg, full phosphorus is 6g/kg, available potassium is 300mg/kg, and applied amount is every strain 0.3kg, and adopts the first nutritive cube mode of transplanting of growing seedlings again to plant.
First batch of Chinese lantern, demonstrates Chinese lantern cadmium had to good enrichment, transfer ability in Table-2 enrichment condition of cadmium.
This test event, 2 batches of plantations in a year, plant after 3 years continuously, and governance unit 1 and 2 Cadmium in Soil content are lower than the standard limited value of the highest permission content of paddy field cadmium 0.5mg/kg in the agricultural land stipulating in GB15618-2008, plantation is after 4 years continuously, and all governance units all reach mark.
The enrichment condition of-2 first batches of Chinese lanterns of table to heavy metal cadmium
Claims (3)
1. a method for Chinese lantern remediating heavy metal cadmium pollution soil, is characterized in that, comprises following technical step:
(1) edaphic condition in Field Research cadmium pollution place and climatic environment, gathers pedotheque, detects the cadmium content in contaminated soil, determines repairing and treating target.
(2) select Chinese lantern for cadmium rehabilitation plant and judge its whether suitable kind in administered contaminated site, whether method contains the place that will administer for the place of production habitat range of checking Chinese lantern.
(3) by administering site topography feature and tendency, governance unit is set, and make the water system of each governance unit in order, major measure is: deep-cut intercepting ditch along place governance unit surrounding, stop the water of administering outside place and enter improvement place, in place, arrange and reasonably dredge and retain facility, avoid pollution element cadmium in governance process to outflow with water.
(4) top layer 20cm soil layer is excavated and digged, stay ditch at interval of 40～50cm making ridge, apply fertilizer to the subsoil simultaneously; Every ridge plantation Chinese lantern two row, line space 10～20cm, strain spacing 20～30cm; Plant after 40～50 days, impose in urea, carbon ammonium, sulphur ammonium, ammonium nitrate, high-nitrogen compound fertilizer any nitrogenous fertilizer once, 30～50 kgs/acre of consumptions; Irrigate in good time, preferentially adopt the rainwater of retaining in governance unit, soil moisture content should remain on 60～75% of field capacity for a long time.
(5) treat that first batch is transplanted 60～70 days, or regrowth hair and later Chinese lantern grow into while blooming, harvesting aerial part, toothing germinates and extracts continuously, and harvested plant shoot is divided and carries out burning ash processing.
(6) sampling detects plant shoot and underground part cadmium content, and convert the cadmium content of overground part ash content, in ash content, add the sodium sulfide solution of equimolar amounts, fully be uniformly mixed, shelve more than 30 minutes, then add the cement that is more than or equal to ash content quality, adjust moisture, mixture being pressed into spherical or block, there is the place of isolated rainwater in air-dry rear landfill or heap.
(7), since second batch, the growth of directly sprouting of former toothing, topdresses, irrigate, and repeating step 5～6, until repaired, soil is up to standard.
2. the method for a kind of Chinese lantern remediating heavy metal cadmium pollution soil according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described in step 4, base fertilizer adopts the lignin slow-release fertilizer being composited by lignin and inorganic nutrients, its content of organic matter is 500～900g/kg, total humic acid is 260～500g/kg, and full nitrogen is 8～14g/kg, and full phosphorus is 5～8g/kg, available potassium is 280～330mg/kg, and applied amount is every strain 0.2～0.5kg.
3. the method for a kind of Chinese lantern remediating heavy metal cadmium pollution soil according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the Chinese lantern plantation described in step 4, and first batch of mode that adopts first nutritive cube to grow seedlings and transplant carried out.
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| CN108580534A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-09-28 | 益阳创惠技术服务有限公司 | A method of utilizing flower plant of common fouroclock restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal |
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Application publication date: 20140528 |