CN103433273B - Application of willow herb to remediation of heavy metal lead pollution in soil - Google Patents
Application of willow herb to remediation of heavy metal lead pollution in soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN103433273B CN103433273B CN201310348335.8A CN201310348335A CN103433273B CN 103433273 B CN103433273 B CN 103433273B CN 201310348335 A CN201310348335 A CN 201310348335A CN 103433273 B CN103433273 B CN 103433273B
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of phytoremediation of heavy metal pollution in the environment, in particular to application of willow herb to remediation of heavy metal lead pollution in soil. A specific method of the application comprises the following steps; planting willow herb in the soil with heavy metal lead pollution; regularly carrying out whole-plant harvesting on most of the willow herb; only cutting overground parts of a small part of the willow herb and leaving the underground parts of the small part of the willow herb in the soil to use the underground parts of the small part of the willow herb as seedlings in the next season; carrying out ashing processing on the harvested willow herb; extracting heavy metal lead so as to carry out remediation on the soil with heavy metal lead pollution. The growth characteristics and economic value of the willow herb are utilized to carry out remediation treatment on the soil with lead pollution. The application has the advantages that disturbance to the environment is small; the physicochemical property of the soil is not destroyed; secondary pollution cannot be caused; cost is low; the application is suitable for a large area of soil with heavy metal lead pollution; the application can be used for landscaping and decoration. Moreover, the accumulated heavy metal lead also can be recycled, so that a certain economic benefits are generated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the phytoremediation technology field of Heavy Metals In Environment, be specially the application of willow herb in repairing heavy metal in soil lead contamination.
Background technology
Soil is the important substance basis of mankind's agricultural production.Due to exploitation, processing and the utilization of heavy metal mineral reserve, the rise of township enterprise and in large quantities, do not add control and use chemical fertilizer and chemical pesticide, causes heavy metal in soil content sharply to increase, and causes the heavy metal pollution of agricultural land soil.China is every year because of more than 1,000 ten thousand tons, heavy metal pollution underproduction grain, and in addition due to soil pollution in wide area, the grain that China produces heavy metal pollution every year reaches 1,200 ten thousand tons.This not only has a strong impact on the quantity and quality of crops, and have influence on atmosphere and quality of water environment, heavy metal in atmosphere can enter soil and water environment by natural subsidence and rain effect simultaneously, produces cross pollution, and then is detrimental to health by food chain.Thereby improvement heavy metal pollution of soil has become the important environmental problem that governments at all levels pay much attention to.
Pb is one of vertical distribution, and the solubility of Pb in soil is little, and the holdup time is long, is a kind of nondegradable environmental contaminants, in soil, after accumulation, not only affects output and the quality of crops, and affects human health by food chain.Saturnine symptom is: has a stomach-ache, has a headache, trembles, nerve is irritated, and may causing death when serious.Research in recent years shows, P in soil b contamination phenomenon is commonplace, particularly at lead-zinc ore mining district, dirty irrigated area and both sides of highway.At present China is subject to nearly 2,000 ten thousand hectares of the cultivated area of the heavy metal pollutions such as Pb, accounts for 1/5 of total area under cultivation.Consider the catholicity and seriousness of Pb to the harm of human body and P in soil b pollution, oneself becomes countries in the world scientist's study hotspot how to repair Pb contaminated soil.
The traditional improvement restorative procedure of heavy metal pollution of soil is generally the method for physics and chemistry, as dilution and covering method, vitrification, heat treatment technics, elution method, electrochemical process etc., although traditional restorative procedure regulation effect is good, last shortlyer, all there are many defects.For seek the cost that new method substitutes traditional improvement method high, not manageability, easily cause the shortcoming of secondary pollution, current a kind of economy and efficiently phytoremediation technology are used widely.Phytoremediation technology (phytoremediation) refers to utilize plant and rhizosphere microorganism thereof to the absorption of soil pollutant, volatilization, conversion, degraded, fixation and removes the recovery technique of pollutant in soil.And the plant that can be used for remediating lead-contaminated soil that domestic research is found is all shorter and smaller, and poor growth, so find, patience is strong, biomass large, the plant rapidly that grows, and becomes the important step of heavy metal-polluted soil control of Pb pollution and reparation.Heavy metal exists in conjunction with forms such as state and residual forms in conjunction with state, organic matter in conjunction with state, iron and manganese oxides with water-soluble state, exchange state, carbonate in soil, and difference exists its biological effectiveness of heavy metal of form different.
Willow herb (
chamaenerion angustifolium) for Oenotheraceae willow herb belongs to, have another name called red chopsticks, common oxyspora root, perennial herb.All there is distribution China North China, northeast, northwest, southwest, and self-sow, in border, woodland, patana, riverbank thick grass and baked wheaten cake or the cutover of height above sea level 1500m～3200m, often becomes community growth.Willow herb happiness light, cold-resistant, adaptability is stronger, and Changbaishan area height above sea level 1800m also has distribution, likes fertile humic properties soil or the sandy loam of moistening not ponding.
Phytoremediation is to take plant to restrain oneself the theory of fixing, shift certain or some chemical element with excess be basis, utilizes plant to remove a class environmental renovation technology of the heavy metal in pollution medium.But plumbous concentration in soil has coercion to the growth of plant, can affect the physio-biochemical characteristics of plant.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the problems referred to above, a kind of method that not only can reduce Lead Pollution in Soil rehabilitation cost but also can make lead-contaminated soil remediation efficiency improve is provided, be i.e. the application of willow herb in heavy metal lead contaminated soil is repaired.
In order to realize foregoing invention object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
The application of willow herb in repairing heavy metal in soil lead contamination, in heavy metal lead contaminated soil, plant willow herb, utilize the root system of willow herb can absorb in a large number the lead in soil, and transferred to the characteristic in plant, then growing into the regular period regularly to the overwhelming majority, account for 4/5 of the gross area and carry out whole strain harvesting, to fraction, account for 1/5 harvesting aerial part of the gross area, underground part fractionation in soil as next seedling in season, and the willow herb of its harvesting is carried out to ashing processing, extract heavy metal lead, thereby heavy metal lead contaminated soil is repaired.
The implantation methods of described willow herb is walked root-like stock by ground bottom rail and is dug out for adopting during willow herb in plantation, cuts into some sections, and every section with a gemma, and upwards place bud bud sowing time, in the top layer 10cm-15cm that places into the soil, and division propagation.Willow herb, open reddish violet when flower results, or ground bottom rail is walked to root-like stock and dig out again and plant.Willow herb sow in spring and autumn sowing all can, how in early spring, to carry out, after planting should often keep soil moisture and humidity.
Willow herb happiness light, happiness is nice and cool and moistening weather, so will note watering during Cultivate administration more, is conducive to like this willow herb and grows.Good, the fertile and damp soil of willow herb happiness draining, thereby can regularly apply fertilizer and pour water.
Results when willow herb opens reddish violet flower, simultaneously according to situations such as Lead In Soil content height, can transplant out the whole strain of willow herb outside soil as landscape ornamental; Or ground bottom rail is walked to root-like stock digs out again and plants.By repeatedly planting willow herb, reduce the content of Lead In Soil, can make to be subject to the soil of lead contamination to be repaired.
Inventor finds by experimental study, willow herb has very strong tolerance to Lead In Soil content, when lead is coerced concentration while being 4000mg/kg, willow herb does not produce and is significantly poisoned symptom, and willow herb biomass is large, growth rapidly, has very strong patience and stronger absorbability to high concentration pb, so willow herb has huge reparative potential to high concentration pb contaminated soil.
When Lead In Soil concentration is greater than 4000mg/kg, willow herb grows and can be subject to obvious inhibition, and biomass reduces greatly, thereby its repairing effect is poor.
All there is stronger accumulation capability at each position of willow herb to heavy metal lead, to plumbous cumulant, the increase with heavy metal in soil lead concentration increases willow herb, lead content and the cumulant of in lead at different concentrations, coercing each position of lower willow herb are all root > stem > leaves, and its root, stem, leaf lead content maximum are respectively 3362mg/kg, 208mg/kg, 188mg/kg.When Pb in Soil concentration is 4000mg/kg, individual plant willow herb can reach 1.33mg/ strain to plumbous cumulant.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The present invention carrys out the lead in absorption extraction polluted soil by plantation willow herb, thereby solves Lead Pollution in Soil problem with plant restoration method.Utilize willow herb self growth characteristics and economic worth to lead-contaminated soil repairing and treating, there is, not spoiled soil physicochemical property few to environmental perturbation, do not cause secondary pollution; Expense is cheap, is suitable for large area heavy metal lead contaminated soil; Can be used for the advantages such as landscape ornamental; And to the heavy metal lead of its accumulation recoverable also, thereby produce certain economic benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 by different lead content soil in embodiment 1 the curve map of biomass of results willow herb.
Fig. 2 by different lead content soil in embodiment 1 the curve map of results willow herb individual plant Pb cumulant.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
But this should be interpreted as to the scope of the above-mentioned theme of the present invention only limits to following embodiment.
embodiment 1
Shui Jin village, fascine dam town, Ya'an, potted plant soil Cai Zhi Sichuan Province, soil types is rice soil.Soil sample, at room-dry, is removed impurity, crosses 2 mesh sieves and mix standby after crushing.To analyze pure Pb (OAc)
23H
2o supplies with P in soil b, Pb
2+7 concentration gradients are set (with Pb
2+densimeter), be respectively 0mg/kg, 300mg/kg, 500mg/kg, 1000mg/kg, 2000mg/kg, 3000mg/kg, 4000mg/kg.The Pb taking with a small amount of deionized water dissolving while preparing lead-contaminated soil (OAc)
23H
2o, then by the Pb (OAc) dissolving
2solution is mixed in 18 kg soil equably with wooden instrument, and soil is respectively charged in 3 numbered flowerpots, and every basin approximately 6 kg, add water repeatedly, natural air drying, and passivation is 1 month so repeatedly.After passivation, every potted plant strain willow herb of planting, adds compound fertilizer to make base manure, and every processing repeats 3 times, random alignment.In growth course, by deionized water, irrigate, soil moisture remains on the 60%-70% of field capacity, keeps every basin soil moisture consistent, and weeding is cultivated in solarium.After ripe, results, claim its biomass, and analyze the lead content of plant different parts.
As shown in Figure 1, at variable concentrations Pb, coercing the biomass after lower willow herb is gathered in the crops, there is the variation tendency that first declines and rise and decline again rising not only but also decline in the increase of coercing concentration along with lead.When Pb coerces concentration while being 500mg/kg and 3000mg/kg, willow herb total biomass and contrast difference are not remarkable, show stronger patience; At the Pb of 4000mg/kg, coerce under concentration, willow herb biomass significantly reduces simultaneously, but willow herb does not occur being obviously poisoned symptom, shows that Pb coerces under these treatment conditions the growth of willow herb has been played to certain inhibitory action.In addition, can reflect the tolerance degree of plant to heavy metal-polluted soil by root system patience.Root growth parameters is each root length and the ratio that contrasts root length of processing, can reflect the patience of plant to heavy metal.Table 1 has shown that different Pb coerce the patience index of willow herb root system under concentration.When Pb coerces concentration≤3000mg/kg, root growth parameters is all greater than 0.5, the patience index of root reaches maximum when 3000mg/kg, the result of study of this and biomass is very identical, can find out and between willow herb root growth parameters and biomass, be significant positive correlation, illustrate between the growth of willow herb and the patience of root and exist relation closely, under different Pb concentration for the treatment of, relatively stable due to root growth parameters, willow herb biomass difference is not remarkable, illustrate that willow herb has stronger tolerance to Pb but has certain limit, be that Pb coerces concentration while surpassing 4000mg/kg, willow herb biomass obviously declines.
Table 1 variable concentrations Pb processes the patience index of lower willow herb root system
Table 2 willow herb Different Organs Pb content
As can be seen from Table 2, the increase that each position of willow herb Pb content is coerced concentration with Pb increases, the Pb content at each position is all the highest when the plumbous processing of 4000mg/kg, wherein root is 3361.71mg/kg, leaf portion is 188.07mg/kg, stem is 207.88mg/kg, and the maximum level of overground part is 194.88mg/kg.In its middle period, stem and root, Pb content ascendant trend before 3000mg/kg processes is mild, and uptake becomes suddenly large when 3000mg/kg is above, and when 4000mg/kg, in willow herb leaf, stem and root, Pb content is respectively 21.8,13.5 and 144.5 times that contrast.And overground part Pb content is processed the increase of beginning ascensional range from 2000mg/kg, when 3000mg/kg and 4000mg/kg process, overground part Pb content is respectively 12 and 16 times that contrast.
Table 3 willow herb Different Organs Pb cumulant
As can be seen from Table 3, along with Pb coerces the increase of concentration, each position of willow herb increases the cumulant of Pb, and each position of willow herb is all root > stem > leaf to the accumulation of Pb except contrasting, illustrate its to the turn-over capacity of Pb a little less than.As shown in Table 3, willow herb overground part under 3000mg/kg and 4000mg/kg concentration for the treatment of has all surpassed 0.3mg/ strain to the cumulant of Pb, and the whole strain of willow herb has surpassed 1mg/ strain to the cumulant of Pb.
The shared ratio of each form Pb in the potted plant rear soil of table 4
In potted plant front soil each form Pb proportionate relationship be residual form > organically combine state > carbonate in conjunction with state > iron and manganese oxides in conjunction with state > exchange state.As shown in Table 4, in potted plant rear soil, each form Pb ratio has certain variation, contrast and 300mg/kg process each form Pb proportionate relationship be residual form > combination state > carbonate in conjunction with state > exchange state > iron and manganese oxides in conjunction with state; After Pb concentration for the treatment of >=500mg/kg, each form Pb proportionate relationship is that residual form > carbonate organically combines state > exchange state > iron and manganese oxides in conjunction with state in conjunction with state >.Along with the increase carbonate of Pb concentration for the treatment of increases in conjunction with state proportion, exchange state proportion changes without evident regularity.Iron and manganese oxides increases with Pb concentration for the treatment of in conjunction with state ratio, and residual form ratio reduces gradually, organically combines state ratio and changes also without evident regularity.Explanation is along with lead is coerced the increase of concentration, and plumbous form is towards the Forms Transformation that is conducive to willow herb and absorbs.
Fig. 2 represents the willow herb individual plant Pb cumulant of gathering in the crops in lead at different concentrations processing soil, increase along with Pb concentration for the treatment of, willow herb increases gradually to the cumulant of Pb, it is known when Pb concentration for the treatment of is 4000mg/kg, willow herb reaches 1.325mg/ strain to Pb cumulant, and be that individual plant cumulant is the highest, when Pb coerces concentration >=3000mg/kg, willow herb has stronger accumulation ability to Pb, and lead-contaminated soil is had to very strong repair ability.
Above-described embodiment shows, willow herb is coerced and has stronger patience and the lead in contaminated soil is had to stronger accumulation capability lead, and lead-contaminated soil is had to stronger repair ability.
Claims (5)
1. the application of willow herb in repairing heavy metal in soil lead contamination, it is characterized in that: in heavy metal lead contaminated soil, plant willow herb, regularly the willow herb of 4/5 area is carried out to whole strain harvesting, the willow herb of 1/5 area is only gathered in to aerial part, underground part fractionation in soil as next seedling in season, the willow herb of its harvesting is carried out to ashing processing, extract heavy metal lead, thereby heavy metal lead contaminated soil is repaired.
2. the application of willow herb according to claim 1 in repairing heavy metal in soil lead contamination, it is characterized in that: the implantation methods of described willow herb digs out for ground bottom rail is walked to root-like stock, cut into every section with the stem section of a bud bud, upwards place bud bud sowing time, place into the soil in the 10cm-15cm of top layer, the implantation methods of division propagation.
3. the application of willow herb according to claim 1 in repairing heavy metal in soil lead contamination, is characterized in that: when willow herb opens reddish violet flower, gather in, and the willow herb of its harvesting is carried out to ashing processing, extract heavy metal lead.
4. the application of willow herb according to claim 1 in repairing heavy metal in soil lead contamination, it is characterized in that: during described heavy metal in soil lead concentration≤4000mg/kg, willow herb is to being had good repair ability by the soil of lead contamination, and willow herb does not show the symptom of being significantly injured.
5. the application of willow herb according to claim 1 in repairing heavy metal in soil lead contamination, it is characterized in that: all there is stronger accumulation capability at each position of willow herb to heavy metal lead, to plumbous cumulant, the increase with heavy metal in soil lead concentration increases willow herb, under lead at different concentrations is processed, lead content and the cumulant at each position of willow herb are all root > stem > leaves, the lead content at each position is all the highest when the plumbous processing of 4000mg/kg, its root, stem, leaf lead content maximum is respectively 3362mg/kg, 208mg/kg, 188mg/kg, when Pb in Soil concentration is 4000mg/kg, individual plant willow herb reaches 1.33mg/ strain to plumbous cumulant.
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| CN103949465B (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2016-05-25 | 湖南省林业科学院 | The application of Chinese lantern in remediating heavy metal lead-contaminated soil |
| CN105400703B (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2019-03-15 | 齐齐哈尔大学 | One plant of paecilomyces fungi and application thereof |
| CN112114113A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-12-22 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院农业质量标准与检测研究所 | Agricultural product heavy metal risk assessment method based on soil-crop system |
| CN112219484B (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-08-12 | 泉州师范学院 | Method for safely utilizing lead-polluted soil |
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