CN112219484B - Method for safely utilizing lead-polluted soil - Google Patents
Method for safely utilizing lead-polluted soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN112219484B CN112219484B CN202011061480.4A CN202011061480A CN112219484B CN 112219484 B CN112219484 B CN 112219484B CN 202011061480 A CN202011061480 A CN 202011061480A CN 112219484 B CN112219484 B CN 112219484B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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Abstract
The invention relates to a safe utilization method of lead-polluted soil. The technical scheme is as follows: after removing impurities from lead contaminated soil, crushing, grinding and sieving through a sieve pore of 2mm, uniformly mixing and applying 5% of biomass charcoal organic fertilizer of soil mass as a plant growth base fertilizer, wherein the biomass charcoal organic fertilizer is formed by mixing 95% of organic fertilizer and 5% of rice straw biomass charcoal; and (3) selecting strong cyclocarya paliurus seedlings for transplanting, periodically weeding and watering, and keeping the water content of the soil at 30-60% of the field water capacity. According to the method, the pollutant passivation capacity of the biomass carbon organic fertilizer and the tolerance capacity of the cyclocarya paliurus to pollutants are fully utilized, the cyclocarya paliurus is planted on the lead-polluted soil safely, and the prevention and control of the soil pollution risk and the economic value output are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of safe utilization of lead-polluted soil, and relates to a safe planting technical method for lead-polluted soil by using cyclocarya paliurus of rare tree species.
Background
Lead is an important industrial metal element and is widely used as an industrial raw material in industrial production. Unreasonable and improper disposal of industrial wastewater, waste gas and waste residue causes environmental pollution caused by lead. Lead has toxicity, and is easy to cause dysfunction of brain and nervous system due to long-term lead intake or accumulation in vivo, so that physical and mental health is obviously affected, and particularly, the problem of blood lead of children is one of the major concerns of national environmental health. It is counted that about 7.83X 10 is existed in the past 50 years 5 The lead of each ton is discharged into the soil environment, so that the lead pollution problem of the soil is caused. The average background value of the lead in the soil of China is 26.0 +/-12.4 mg/kg, but the lead in the soil polluted by the activities of lead-zinc ore enterprises can exceed 10000mg/kg, and the lead in the soil is about 1.3 multiplied by 10 in China 5 hm 2 The cultivated land is polluted by heavy metals such as lead and the like. The soil lead can be transferred into the human body through a food chain absorbed by crops and also can enter the human body through the ingestion of flying dust particles, so that the health of people is influenced. Therefore, the utilization and management of lead-polluted soil are important contents for preventing and treating heavy metal pollution of soil, and are related to human health and environmental sustainability.
Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja: (Cyclocarya paliurus(Batal.) Iljinskaja (also called Qingqian plum and Royal Tree) belonging to JuglandaceaeJuglandaceae) Cyclocarya paliurus is known as 'the third tree in medicine' and 'panda in the plant kingdom', and is one of unique single-species arbor plants in China. The cyclocarya paliurus leaves are rich in various bioactive substances such as flavonoids, triterpenes, polysaccharides and phenolic compounds, and have remarkable effects on improving immunity, enhancing oxidation resistance, reducing blood sugar and the like. Therefore, cyclocarya paliurus leaves are determined as a novel food raw material in 2013. Therefore, the cultivation and utilization of cyclocarya paliurus can develop the industry for replacing tea or other medicinal values, and has an industrial prospect with economic potential.
The contaminated soil remediation can be roughly divided into physical, chemical and biological remediation, and the safe utilization belongs to the milder remediation, namely, tolerant plants are planted on the basis of pollutant control. The safe utilization has better advantages in the aspects of pollutant diffusion, risk management of polluted land and the like while ensuring low accumulation and safe production of plants. And the polluted land is generally marginal land, and the development and utilization of the polluted land are beneficial to improving the land utilization efficiency and the problem of environmental cultivated land resource shortage.
The prior known technologies are closer to the proposal, and comprise a method (CN 201911235453.1) for repairing lead-chromium composite contaminated soil by using humic acid and sudan grass in a combined manner, a method (CN 201910146271.0) for repairing lead contamination of soil by using enriched flowers and irises, a method (CN 201711121621.5) for safely utilizing in-situ heavy metal contaminated farmlands based on crop # passivators, a method (CN 201810187444.9) for planting cyclocarya paliurus, and the like, but the known technologies are obviously different from the proposal, the proposal is to utilize rare forest trees with additional value, namely cyclocarya paliurus, for safely utilizing contaminated soil, aims to safely produce the soil on the contaminated soil, and not to biologically repair landscape plants or super-accumulative plants of the prior heavy metal contaminated soil, and aims to remove corresponding heavy metals from the soil; the difference from the normal cyclocarya paliurus planting is that the proposal is to plant the cyclocarya paliurus in high-concentration lead pollution, not normal field or mountain soil, and needs certain treatment measures in the aspect of pollutant inhibition and prevention of cyclocarya paliurus seedlings. Therefore, from the technical point of view, the proposal is to carry out safe planting of the cyclocarya paliurus in a special field with lead pollution, and belongs to the first time in the aspect of planting and expanding of the cyclocarya paliurus.
In the prior art, the lead-polluted soil bioremediation mainly adopts plants with accumulation or super-accumulation characteristics to remove soil pollution elements, and the safe utilization of other heavy metal-polluted soil is mainly based on the screening of low-enrichment plants and the application of soil passivators, so that the polluted soil is safely utilized. The invention is based on cyclocarya paliurus which is a rare plant with economic value, and realizes safe planting on high-concentration lead-polluted soil through base fertilizer regulation and control. The technical problem to be solved by the proposal is how to safely plant cyclocarya paliurus in high-concentration lead-polluted soil, and another method with potential is provided for safe utilization of lead-polluted plots.
According to the method, cyclocarya paliurus is planted in the lead-polluted soil, high-valued utilization and safety management of the polluted soil are realized, and the method has a good practical significance for risk control of the lead-polluted soil.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a safe utilization method of lead-polluted soil, which meets the requirements of safe utilization of the polluted soil and control of pollution risks by planting and managing cyclocarya paliurus in the lead-polluted soil.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is developed as follows:
a method for safely utilizing lead-contaminated soil comprises the following steps:
step 1: removing impurities from lead polluted soil in a laboratory, crushing, grinding and screening by a 2mm sieve;
step 2: applying a biomass charcoal organic fertilizer according to 5% of the weight of soil as a base fertilizer for planting cyclocarya paliurus, wherein the biomass charcoal organic fertilizer is formed by mixing 95% of organic fertilizer and 5% of rice straw biomass charcoal;
and step 3: and (4) selecting strong cyclocarya paliurus seedlings for transplanting, and performing soil moisture management.
And 2, mixing the biomass charcoal organic fertilizer sold in the market with the livestock manure organic fertilizer and the rice straw biomass charcoal according to a mass ratio of 95: 5.
And 2, preparing common biomass charcoal by taking rice straws as raw materials, cutting and airing the straws according to 3-5cm, putting the straws in an anaerobic furnace at the temperature of 300-400 ℃ for high-temperature pyrolysis for 4 hours, and cooling the straws through 2mm sieve holes.
The organic matter content of the livestock and poultry manure organic fertilizer sold in the market is more than 45%, and the total nutrient nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than 5%.
The cyclocarya paliurus seedlings in the step 3 are prepared by drying cyclocarya paliurus seeds in the shade, removing the seeds and the wings, treating the seeds with gibberellin, carrying out germination cultivation in a sand bed in a greenhouse, transplanting the seedlings into a nutrient soil planting bag after the seedlings are 3-5cm high and cotyledons are completely unfolded, and transplanting the seedlings into polluted soil when the seedlings are grown to 7-10cm high;
wherein the nutrient soil is formed by mixing peat soil and perlite according to the weight ratio of 10: 1.
And 3, the soil moisture management specifically comprises the following steps: the water content of the soil is kept between 30 and 60 percent of the field water capacity.
According to the method, the characteristics of lead-polluted soil and the growth characteristics of the cyclocarya paliurus are fully considered, the stress effect of lead pollution of the soil is overcome through soil treatment, application of the biomass carbon organic fertilizer and transplantation and management of cyclocarya paliurus seedlings, and the cyclocarya paliurus planting of the lead-polluted soil is realized. The cyclocarya paliurus is planted smoothly, and the low enrichment and transportation capacity of the leaves of the cyclocarya paliurus provides a material basis for high-value utilization of the cyclocarya paliurus leaves; the cyclocarya paliurus is safely planted and managed, migration and diffusion of polluted soil in a particle state can be avoided, and risk control of lead-polluted soil is achieved. The safe utilization of the lead-polluted soil has the following advantages:
1) the land improvement and vegetation field planting of lead polluted soil are rapidly realized;
2) after the cyclocarya paliurus is planted successfully, the leaves of the cyclocarya paliurus are novel food raw materials, and can be used for replacing tea or other medicinal values, so that economic benefits are generated;
3) the cyclocarya paliurus field planting and the subsequent forest management can effectively reduce the granular state migration of the polluted soil and prevent the pollution from spreading.
4) The safe utilization method of the lead-polluted soil with better economic potential can promote social strength to participate in marginal land development and utilization caused by lead pollution.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the influence of lead-contaminated soil on the plant height of cyclocarya paliurus.
FIG. 2 shows the determination of lead enrichment content of the overground part and the underground part of cyclocarya paliurus.
FIG. 3 shows the effective lead content of lead-contaminated soil before and after planting cyclocarya paliurus.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example (b):
preparing cyclocarya paliurus seedlings: the method comprises the steps of selecting cyclocarya paliurus seeds collected in the current year, drying in the shade, removing seeds, treating with gibberellin, and sowing the seeds on a sand bed in a greenhouse in 12 months in the current year. After the seeds germinate, seedlings with the height of 3-5cm and fully expanded cotyledons are selected and placed in greenhouse nutrient soil (peat soil and perlite are mixed according to the weight ratio of 10: 1) for further cultivation, and the substrate is kept moist. Transplanting when the seedling grows to 7-10cm high.
Biomass charcoal organic fertilizer: is prepared by mixing 95 percent of organic fertilizer and 5 percent of rice straw biomass charcoal. The organic fertilizer is prepared from a commercially-sold livestock and poultry manure fermented organic fertilizer, the organic matter content of the organic fertilizer is more than 45%, and the total nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) is more than 5%. The biomass charcoal is obtained by cutting rice straws to 3-5cm, airing, carbonizing in an anaerobic high-temperature environment at the temperature of 300 ℃ and 400 ℃ for 4 hours, and cooling through a sieve mesh of 2 mm.
The experimental procedure was as follows:
(1) selecting test soil: the lead-contaminated soil of a certain place is collected, 3 treatments such as T1, T2 and T3 are arranged according to the difference of the lead contamination level of the soil, the lead contamination concentration is respectively 305mg/kg, 1964 mg/kg and 3502 mg/kg, and the lead-free contaminated soil is taken as a reference and is marked as T0.
(2) The test plants: cyclocarya paliurus, seeds of which are collected from the national forest farm of Yongchun Biqingqing in Quanzhou city.
(3) Experiment design: the air-dried soil passes through a sieve pore of 2mm, 1.00kg of soil is weighed, a biomass charcoal organic fertilizer is applied according to 5% of the mass of the original soil, and the mixture is uniformly mixed; lead-free contaminated soil was used as a control group. Each set was set to 3 replicates.
(3) The experimental steps are as follows: and (4) selecting cyclocarya paliurus seedlings with consistent growth vigor of about 7cm for planting. Each treatment was divided into three pots, and 1 plant was planted in each pot for parallel experiments. The cultivation condition belongs to the natural illumination condition of the greenhouse, and the water is regularly watered to keep the water content of the soil to be 30-60 of the field water capacity; weeding and loosening the soil to ensure the normal growth of the plants. And harvesting the cyclocarya paliurus 6 months later, and evaluating the feasibility of planting the cyclocarya paliurus in the lead-polluted soil.
(4) As a result: compared with the average lead background value (26.0 +/-12.4 mg/kg) of China, the lead-polluted soil related to the implementation case has higher pollution concentration. The results of the example after 6 months show that the lead-contaminated soil with high concentration (3502 mg/kg) has a certain inhibiting effect on the growth of the cyclocarya paliurus, and shows weaker growth efficiency compared with the lead-contaminated soil with lower concentration (305 mg/kg and 1964 mg/kg), but does not show a lethal effect, so that the cyclocarya paliurus has a certain tolerance to the lead contamination, and particularly, the lead-contaminated soil with 305mg/kg and 1964 mg/kg does not show obvious growth difference (shown in figure 1) compared with the lead-contaminated soil, so that the cyclocarya paliurus can be planted in the lead-contaminated soil in a normal growth mode. The main lead enrichment part of the cyclocarya paliurus growing in the lead-polluted soil is in a root system, and the cyclocarya paliurus is less transferred to leaves, so that the safety and high-value utilization of the cyclocarya paliurus leaves are guaranteed (shown in figure 2), and the cyclocarya paliurus is shown in the figure, so that the leaves are not influenced by the lead pollution of the soil when the cyclocarya paliurus is planted in the lead-polluted soil, and the cyclocarya paliurus can be safely produced. After the cyclocarya paliurus is planted, the lead pollution of 305mg/kg and 1964 mg/kg of the lead in the effective state is obviously reduced (figure 3), the runoff and infiltration of the lead can be reduced to a certain extent, and the risk prevention and control of the polluted soil can be realized. In conclusion, the cyclocarya paliurus has certain tolerance to lead-contaminated soil, and can show normal growth at a contamination level of 2000 mg/kg. The cyclocarya paliurus planted in the lead-polluted soil has the advantages that the main enrichment part of lead is at the root and less migrates to the overground part, so that the safe utilization of cyclocarya paliurus leaves is ensured; after the cyclocarya paliurus is planted, the effective state of the lead in the soil is obviously reduced, the surface runoff and the infiltration environmental risk of the lead in the soil are reduced, and the risk control of the lead-polluted soil is realized.
Claims (4)
1. A method for safely utilizing lead-contaminated soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: removing impurities from lead polluted soil in a laboratory, crushing, grinding and screening by a 2mm sieve;
and 2, step: applying a biomass carbon organic fertilizer according to 5% of the weight of soil as a base fertilizer for planting cyclocarya paliurus, wherein the biomass carbon organic fertilizer is formed by mixing 95% of organic fertilizer and 5% of rice straw biomass carbon;
and step 3: selecting strong cyclocarya paliurus seedlings for transplanting, and performing soil moisture management;
step 2, mixing the biomass charcoal organic fertilizer with the biomass charcoal of rice straws in a mass ratio of 95:5, wherein the biomass charcoal organic fertilizer is a commercially available livestock manure organic fertilizer; the biomass charcoal in the step 2 is prepared by taking rice straws as raw materials to prepare common biomass charcoal, cutting and airing the straws according to the length of 3-5cm, putting the straws in an anaerobic furnace with the temperature of 300-400 ℃ for high-temperature pyrolysis for 4 hours, and cooling the straws through a sieve pore with the diameter of 2 mm.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic matter content of the commercial manure is more than 45%, and the total nutrient nitrogen phosphorus potassium is more than 5%.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cyclocarya paliurus seedlings in step 3 are prepared by drying cyclocarya paliurus seeds in the shade, removing the seeds, treating with gibberellin, performing germination cultivation in a sand bed in a greenhouse, transplanting the seedlings into a nutrient soil planting bag after the seedlings are 3-5cm high and cotyledons are completely unfolded, and transplanting the seedlings into polluted soil when the seedlings are grown to 7-10cm high;
wherein the nutrient soil is formed by mixing peat soil and perlite according to the weight ratio of 10: 1.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the soil moisture management of step 3 is in particular: the water content of the soil is kept between 30 and 60 percent of the field water capacity.
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