CN101722183A - Method for improving heavy metal-polluted soil - Google Patents

Method for improving heavy metal-polluted soil Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101722183A
CN101722183A CN200910194051A CN200910194051A CN101722183A CN 101722183 A CN101722183 A CN 101722183A CN 200910194051 A CN200910194051 A CN 200910194051A CN 200910194051 A CN200910194051 A CN 200910194051A CN 101722183 A CN101722183 A CN 101722183A
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soil
heavy
heavy metal
metal contaminated
modification method
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CN101722183B (en
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杨胜香
杨兵
廖斌
束文圣
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Guangdong Jiangtong Taolin Ecological Environment Co.,Ltd.
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National Sun Yat Sen University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving heavy metal-polluted soil, which comprises the steps of: (1) modifying the heavy metal-polluted soil; (2) adding soil conditioner into soil; and (3) covering the soil, evenly mixing, and balancing for 0-6 months. The method restrains the oxidation of matrix by reactions such as absorption, chelation and complexation, and the like, fixes the heavy metal ion, reduces the biological toxicity of the soil, and reduces the diffusion and the leakage of the heavy metal ion to periphery soil or water. The method has low investment cost, can not break the structure of the soil, and is easily preformed.

Description

A kind of modification method of heavy-metal contaminated soil
Technical field
The present invention relates to the soil improvement method field, be specifically related to a kind of modification method of heavy-metal contaminated soil.
Background technology
Acidifying of mining industry abandoned land and heavy metal pollution are two main limiting factor of restriction ecological reconstruction and revegetation.In a single day acidifying takes place, and pH can be reduced to rapidly about 2, and the stripping of heavy metal ion significantly improves, and poisons to strengthen.Acid surface water and heavy metal contaminants also can widely spread by approach such as atmosphere and water bodys, make the surrounding area do amount decline, the underproduction even mistake and receive, and the ecosystem is degenerated, and pollutant also can finally influence health by food chain.The hot issue in international ecological Environmental Studies field is not only in the recovery of extreme environment, also is the task of clinging on one's trail that the current ecological environmental protection of China is faced, and is that one of problem that the strategy of sustainable development gives priority to is implemented in China mining area.
At present, the restorative procedure to contaminated soil mainly contains original position reparation and dystopy reparation.
The dystopy reparation is contaminated soil to be dug out the back administer with several different methods such as the cleaning of Chemical Physics method, burning disposal, heat treatment and bioreactors, and this is early stage method commonly used.
The original position reparation is cut the earth and muck haulage because of not relating to, and is favourably welcome.General in-situ remediation method such as soil moved in to improve the original method, the precipitation method, elution method, electrochemical process, magnetization method etc.These methods respectively have its advantage, but all exist expense costliness, engineering huge, easily cause secondary pollution problems.
Original position base material improvement technology is low because of its cost, instant effect, do not destroy soil texture, easy to implement, advantage such as suit large area to popularize, development in recent years is very fast, from technical research of current domestic original position base material improvement and practice development, remain in following problem to be solved: (1) is applicable to gently mostly, the moderate heavy-metal contaminated soil; (2) for unusual harsh conditions, repairing effect is not good enough, and is faced with rehabilitation cost and remediation efficiency two big bottlenecks.(3) from should being used for, the improving technology of developed country is comparatively ripe, drop into practical application and obtained environment, economy and ecological benefits preferably, and China still is in the starting stage, and correlation technique also is in the experimental stage.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is that the improved effect that exists in the method according to existing improvement heavy-metal contaminated soil is not good enough, the too high problem of improvement cost, and the modification method of the heavy-metal contaminated soil soil that a kind of cost is low, improved effect is good is provided.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
A kind of modification method of heavy-metal contaminated soil is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) heavy-metal contaminated soil is put in order soil;
(2) in soil, add soil conditioner;
(3) earthing, mix after, balance 0~6 month.
In the modification method of the present invention, the soil conditioner of interpolation is preferably normal soil, chemical fertilizer, fertilizer, trade waste, biosolids or alkaline matter material.
In the modification method of the present invention, the method of whole soil described in the step (1) is preferably carries out suitable cleaning to implementing the zone earlier, and destabilizing factor is eliminated on appropriate straight ground, can adopt the backguy method to determine improvement band position then, use instrument hand excavation wedge shape ditch or holes such as pick, shovel; Ditch depth, wide be 10~50cm, line-spacing is 20~100cm; The hole length and width, be 20~80cm deeply.
In the modification method of the present invention, when the soil conditioner that adds was normal soil, organic fertilizer, trade waste or biosolids, the amount of interpolation was preferably 10~30t/ha; When the soil conditioner that adds was alkaline matter, the amount of interpolation was preferably 10~20t/ha; When the soil conditioner that adds was chemical fertilizer, the amount of interpolation was preferably 150~400kg/ha.
The present invention is through a large amount of experimental studies, find to adopt chemical fertilizer, fertilizer, trade waste, biosolids, alkaline matter material (as lime) and other modifying agents can be effectively in and the acid in the mine soil, can be used as the fertile absorber of zwitterion, improve the buffer capacity of soil, reduce the concentration of salinity in the soil, all right chelating or complexation heavy metal ion, alleviate its toxicity, improve the ability that matrix is held preserve moisture and fertility.And some upgrade materials itself is exactly a class solid waste, and the way of this treatment of wastes with processes of wastes against one another has the good comprehensive benefit, and therefore, the present invention selects with above-mentioned substance as soil conditioner.
The filling of soil conditioner is a very crucial step, is one of essential condition that is related to improved effect.Consider many-sided factors such as hardness, porosity, acidizing degree, soil fertility, heavy metal pollution degree of soil, therefore, improvement choice of base and proportioning are the most important things.According to the characteristics of waiting to improve regional soil matrix, comprehensive many-sided factor is selected suitable proportion, the modifying agent of suitable character or the combination of modifying agent.Addition generally is that alkaline matter can be 10~20t/ha; Chemical fertilizer can be 150~400kg/ha; Normal soil, organic fertilizer, trade waste, biosolids amount can be 10~30t/ha.In the use of modifying agent also will according to the characteristics of this regional soil matrix adopt loose executes, row replacement or point excute a law, and so both can reduce the use amount of modifying agent, reduce and improve cost; Can improve badly zone of environment again targetedly, avoid it to neighboring area diffusion and propagation.
Earthing also will cover the soil layer of different amounts according to the abominable degree in improvement zone.Adopt ploughing or artificial process with modifying agent and the abundant mixing of soil matrix, equilibration time is preferably for 0~June.
In the process of improvement heavy-metal contaminated soil, the selection of whole soil time is also particularly important, and the whole soil time generally will be arranged in before rainy season, is Best Times before the March of September to next year of the previous year.Can ensure like this after whole soil to obtain sufficient rainfall, make processes such as acid in modifying agent and the soil matrix, heavy metal ion etc. neutralize fully, react, absorption, complexing.Alleviate heavy metal toxicity, improve the matrix physical arrangement, improve the ability of holding preserve moisture and fertility, satisfy the basic need of plant growth.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) basic matterials such as lime that use of the present invention have higher water-solublely, and it can infiltrate the soil aperture effectively, and the excessive acid that neutralize raises soil pH value fast, and further suppresses acidifying by the formation carbonate deposition.After improving the soil 1 year, the product of matrix acid potentiality descend 4%, and acid neutralization capacity improves 65.6%.Basic matterial also is a kind of very effective metallic element fixative, fixedly various heavy element;
(2) chemical fertilizer of the present invention's use, fertilizer, trade waste, biosolids etc. can be used as the fertile absorber of zwitterion, improve the buffer capacity of soil, reduce the concentration of salinity in the soil, can also absorption, chelating or complexation heavy metal ion, alleviate its toxicity, improve mine soil matrix physical arrangement, improve the ability that it holds preserve moisture and fertility,, and slowly be discharged in the soil for the plant g and D provides essential nutrient.After improving the soil 1 year, Pb concentration has descended 20.5%, and Cu concentration has descended 9%, and total N content has increased by 12%, and total K content has increased by 46%;
(3) the present invention considers the characteristics of the matrix of improving the soil, and comprehensive many-sided factor is selected the modifying agent or the modifying agent combination of suitable proportion, suitable character, and adopted different adding methods, has improved improved effect greatly.On the matrix after the improvement, rebuild new vegetational type, the plant survival rate height, final-period management is few, and vegetation coverage reaches more than 80% after 1 year;
(4) the inventive method is simple, adopts in the ditch and the method for adding modifying agent in the hole, has reduced the addition of modifying agent, has reduced the improvement cost.And this method is easy to grasp, and does not destroy soil texture, and improved effect is good, is suitable for large scale application.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a photo before the indoor pot;
Fig. 2 is 6 months photos of indoor pot, and from left to right the 1-6 row are respectively: A, mine soil; B, mine soil+wood chip; C, mine soil+wood chip+lime; D, mine soil+wood chip+lime+chemical fertilizer; E, mine soil+wood chip+lime+bed mud; F, mine soil+wood chip+lime+bed mud+chemical fertilizer);
Fig. 3 is refuse dump, all holes, the big Golconda mountain top preceding photo of improving the soil;
Fig. 4 is a photo after improving the soil a year in refuse dump, all holes, big Golconda mountain top;
Fig. 5 is the big Golconda copper mine refuse dump preceding photo of improving the soil;
Fig. 6 is a photo after improving the soil a year in big Golconda copper mine refuse dump.
The specific embodiment
Further explain the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment, but embodiment does not do any type of qualification to the present invention.
Embodiment 1 indoor pot base material improvement
Gather acid heavy metal pollution soil from big Golconda copper mine refuse dump and transport the laboratory back, add modifying agent of different nature, carry out indoor base material improvement experiment.Take different combinations, lime, chemical fertilizer, bed mud are pressed following addition: lime (25t/ha); Chemical fertilizer (150kg/ha); Bed mud (3: 7) fully mixes with the soil of gathering.Plantation Festuca Arundinacea, Bermuda grass, three kinds of plants of sesbania, implantation time 6 months.From potted plant experiment effect, the processing seed that does not add modifying agent can not be sprouted (as Fig. 2: A and B); Add the processing normal seed germination of lime and chemical fertilizer but seedling a little less than, yellow shows more serious go out fertilizer deficiency and heavy metal toxicity symptom (as Fig. 2: C and D); Add lime, the processing plant growth of bed mud and chemical fertilizer is vigorous, does not have poisoning symptom, and wherein sesbania can be finished normal life cycle, blooms fruit (as Fig. 2: E and F).
Refuse dump, all holes, embodiment 2 big Golconda mountain top original position base material improvement
In March, 2007 is at refuse dump bare area surface excavation wedge shape ditch, ditch depth, the wide 25cm that is; On groove face, be 0.5 * 0.5 * 0.5m every line-spacing 2m excavation specification 3Tree well, spacing in the rows 2m.Spread one deck quick lime earlier in ditch that excavates and hole, addition is 10t/ha; After spread one deck chicken manure, addition is 15t/ha; Spread skim phosphate fertilizer then, addition is 300kg/ha.With the earthen backfill of excavation, with the abundant mixing of modifying agent, through rainfall several times, balance one month.Plantation class reed, napier grass, ramie, eucalyptus on the soil matrix after improving the soil, patience grass seeds such as seed sowing grass seeds Festuca Arundinacea, Bermuda grass.Basically set up stable vegetation in October, 2007 on the bare area of refuse dump, coverage reaches 70~80% (Fig. 3, Fig. 4).
Embodiment 3 big Golconda copper mine refuse dump original position base material improvements
On the refuse dump bare area is domatic, excavate the wedge shape ditch in November, 2007, dark, the wide 25cm that is of the specification of ditch; On groove face, every line-spacing 2m excavation specification 0.5 * 0.5 * 0.5m 3Tree well, spacing in the rows 2m.Spread one deck quick lime earlier in ditch that excavates and hole, addition is 20t/ha; After spread one deck chicken manure, addition is 20t/ha; Spread one deck NPK composite fertilizer at last, addition is 150kg/ha.With the earthen backfill of excavation, with the abundant mixing of modifying agent, through rainfall several times, balance 6 months.Patience plants such as plantation indigenous plant class reed, floor file broomcorn millet, napier grass, eucalyptus, masson pine, Rose Mallow Root in March, 2008 hole after improving the soil, the ditch, seed sowing grass seeds Festuca Arundinacea, Bermuda grass.Plant plant and survive substantially in May, 2008, seed germination, and coverage reaches 40~50% (Fig. 5, Fig. 6).

Claims (6)

1. the modification method of a heavy-metal contaminated soil is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) heavy-metal contaminated soil is put in order soil;
(2) in soil, add soil conditioner;
(3) earthing, mix after, balance 0~6 month.
2. the modification method of heavy-metal contaminated soil according to claim 1 is characterized in that the soil conditioner that adds is normal soil, chemical fertilizer, fertilizer, trade waste, biosolids or alkaline matter material.
3. the modification method of heavy-metal contaminated soil according to claim 1 is characterized in that the method for whole soil described in the step (1) is hand excavation's wedge shape ditch or hole; The degree of depth of ditch and width are 10~50cm, and line-spacing is 20~100cm; Length, width and the degree of depth in hole are 20~80cm.
4. the modification method of heavy-metal contaminated soil according to claim 2 is characterized in that normal soil, organic fertilizer, trade waste or the biosolids amount of adding are 10~30t/ha.
5. the modification method of heavy-metal contaminated soil according to claim 2 is characterized in that the amount of the alkaline matter that adds is 10~20t/ha.
6. the modification method of heavy-metal contaminated soil according to claim 2 is characterized in that the amount of the chemical fertilizer that adds is 150~400kg/ha.
CN2009101940511A 2009-11-20 2009-11-20 Method for improving heavy metal-polluted soil Active CN101722183B (en)

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103316903A (en) * 2013-03-21 2013-09-25 珠海市中科信息技术开发有限公司 Method for repairing heavy metal polluted soil by chemical combined leaching
CN103797922A (en) * 2014-03-03 2014-05-21 江苏上田环境修复有限公司 Method for recovering vegetation of acidic waste storage yard of non-ferrous metal mine
CN105170618A (en) * 2015-09-30 2015-12-23 河南行知专利服务有限公司 Method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil through cooperation of activating agents and plants
CN105290093A (en) * 2014-10-21 2016-02-03 苗庆龄 Biochemical remediation method of heavy metal contaminated soil
CN106111690A (en) * 2016-06-27 2016-11-16 安徽金联地矿科技有限公司 A kind of mine soil restorative procedure and repair materials
CN106734145A (en) * 2016-12-19 2017-05-31 湖南金旅环保股份有限公司 A kind of combined remediation method of heavy-metal contaminated soil
CN107983768A (en) * 2017-12-20 2018-05-04 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所 A kind of heavy-metal contaminated soil mixing restorative procedure
CN108031704A (en) * 2017-12-20 2018-05-15 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所 A kind of heavy-metal contaminated soil repairs implantation methods
CN110860554A (en) * 2019-12-05 2020-03-06 广东桃林生态环境有限公司 Improvement method for extremely acidified mine soil
CN110877047A (en) * 2019-12-25 2020-03-13 湘潭大学 Soil ecological restoration method for abandoned mine

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103316903A (en) * 2013-03-21 2013-09-25 珠海市中科信息技术开发有限公司 Method for repairing heavy metal polluted soil by chemical combined leaching
CN103316903B (en) * 2013-03-21 2016-04-06 珠海市中科信息技术开发有限公司 The chemical combined leaching repairing method of a kind of heavy-metal contaminated soil
CN103797922A (en) * 2014-03-03 2014-05-21 江苏上田环境修复有限公司 Method for recovering vegetation of acidic waste storage yard of non-ferrous metal mine
CN103797922B (en) * 2014-03-03 2016-05-18 上田环境修复股份有限公司 A kind of method of recovering the acid discarded object container yard vegetation of nonferrous metal mine
CN105290093A (en) * 2014-10-21 2016-02-03 苗庆龄 Biochemical remediation method of heavy metal contaminated soil
CN105170618A (en) * 2015-09-30 2015-12-23 河南行知专利服务有限公司 Method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil through cooperation of activating agents and plants
CN106111690A (en) * 2016-06-27 2016-11-16 安徽金联地矿科技有限公司 A kind of mine soil restorative procedure and repair materials
CN106734145A (en) * 2016-12-19 2017-05-31 湖南金旅环保股份有限公司 A kind of combined remediation method of heavy-metal contaminated soil
CN107983768A (en) * 2017-12-20 2018-05-04 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所 A kind of heavy-metal contaminated soil mixing restorative procedure
CN108031704A (en) * 2017-12-20 2018-05-15 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所 A kind of heavy-metal contaminated soil repairs implantation methods
CN110860554A (en) * 2019-12-05 2020-03-06 广东桃林生态环境有限公司 Improvement method for extremely acidified mine soil
CN110877047A (en) * 2019-12-25 2020-03-13 湘潭大学 Soil ecological restoration method for abandoned mine

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