CN104126405B - The fixing restorative procedure of plant of heavy metal copper, lead contamination calcareous soil - Google Patents

The fixing restorative procedure of plant of heavy metal copper, lead contamination calcareous soil Download PDF

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CN104126405B
CN104126405B CN201410381135.7A CN201410381135A CN104126405B CN 104126405 B CN104126405 B CN 104126405B CN 201410381135 A CN201410381135 A CN 201410381135A CN 104126405 B CN104126405 B CN 104126405B
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soil
plant
heavy metal
calcareous
lead contamination
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CN104126405A (en
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胡亚虎
苏洁琼
南忠仁
刘冲
李虎
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Lanzhou University
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Abstract

The present invention relates to the fixing restorative procedure of plant of a kind of heavy metal copper, lead contamination calcareous soil, the method refers to that first on heavy metal copper, lead contamination calcareous soil, being deeply not less than 0.8m kind according to the density of 1.5 × 1.5m, planting hole plants arbor, and intercropping shrub and herbaceous plant, build the tall careless three-dimensional reparation pattern of filling with; Then described arbor is cultivated according to a conventional method; Finally, in the time of described Tree growth to 5 ~ 7 year according to by material object, it being carried out to intermediate cutting or clear felling. The present invention's safety, green, non-secondary pollution, easily accepted by the public, can be applicable to pollution of area source reparation, and can increase the soil organism, increase soil fertility and bring economic benefit.

Description

The fixing restorative procedure of plant of heavy metal copper, lead contamination calcareous soil
Technical field
The present invention relates to the phytoremediation technology of contaminated environment, relate in particular to planting of heavy metal copper, lead contamination calcareous soilThing is fixed restorative procedure.
Background technology
Using in a large number of sewage irrigation, agricultural sludge and agricultural chemicals and chemical fertilizer caused arid biogeographic zone farmland to be generally subject to copper(Cu), the pollution of the heavy metal such as plumbous (Pb). According to Environmental Protection Department soil regime investigation result, China's heavy metal pollution arable land faceLong-pending 2,000 ten thousand hm that reached2, its area accounts for 20.27 hundred million mu of existing cultivated areas of China that Ministry of Land and Resources in 2012 announces14.8%. Thus, China is every year because of heavy metal pollution underproduction grain 10 million ton, and the economic loss causing adds up at leastIt is 20,000,000,000 yuan. Oasis is the elementary cell of arid biogeographic zone industrial and agricultural production, and its area only accounts for 3 ~ 5% of the arid biogeographic zone gross area, butBring up more than 90% population of arid biogeographic zone, created the more than 95% industrial or agricultural output value. China's arid biogeographic zone rich in mineral resources, soAnd the oasis farmland around mining area has generally been subject to the severe contamination of heavy metal in exploitation of mineral resources process. For heavy metalPolluted agricultural land, continues plantation cereal crops or herbage and can threaten agricultural product security; If the heavy metal in no longer cultivated soil can be with the windErosion, water erosion effect bring secondary pollution, also can threaten 1,800,000,000 mu of arable land red lines of China simultaneously. Therefore, carry out an arid biogeographic zone huge sum of moneyThe reparation that belongs to pollution arable land is current environmental problem urgently to be resolved hurrily.
Phytoremediation is a kind of remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil of rising in recent years, than traditional physics, changeLearn recovery technique as soil moved in to improve the original, landfill and drip washing, its have economy, environmental friendliness, can not spoiled soil character, can recoverWith improve the feature such as soil quality, be especially effective hand of heavy metal pollution agricultural land soil of current rehabilitating soil pollution of area sourceSection. Plant extract and plant are fixedly two importances of phytoremediation. But, the pH based on arid soil alkalescence and heightCalcium carbonate content, the content that arid soil GOLD FROM PLATING SOLUTION belongs to ion is conventionally lower, itself so that limited plant in soilThe extraction reparation of heavy metal. Therefore, consider the bioavailability of heavy metals that arid soil is low, plant is fixedly to repair aridThe preferential technology of selecting of district's heavy-metal contaminated soil.
The careless families of plant of tall filling are that a kind of arbor, shrub and herbaceous plant form by different proportion and mixed friendship of modeA kind of solid with specific community structure and function is repaired pattern. Compare with single high forest, aspect ecological functions, verticalBody is repaired pattern can improve the height of tree, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and the Stand Biomass of arbor; Improve soil physico-chemical property, increasing topsoil hasThe accumulation of machine matter and nutrient (N, P, K); Increase soil moisture content, make Tree root system distribute more deeply, more even. Solid at heavy metalPeriodical repair compound face, three-dimensional reparation pattern can prevent the soil that single high forest foundation is brought out by wind erosion, water erosion, leaching etc. in early daysThe heavy metal migration that diffusion brings; Three-dimensional reparation pattern be also more conducive to by the absorption of the absorption of root system and enrichment, root table orThe precipitation in Zhe Gen district is fixed on heavy metal in soil. Therefore Qiao who, carries out heavy-metal contaminated soil fills with the three-dimensional reparation of grassModel study has important scientific value and realistic meaning.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of heavy metal copper, plumbous dirty of safe, green, non-secondary pollutionDye the fixing restorative procedure of plant of calcareous soil.
For addressing the above problem, the plant of heavy metal copper of the present invention, lead contamination calcareous soil is fixed restorative procedure,It is characterized in that: first the method refers on heavy metal copper, lead contamination calcareous soil according to the density of 1.5 × 1.5m, plantsCave is deeply not less than 0.8m kind and plants arbor, and intercropping shrub and herbaceous plant, builds the tall careless three-dimensional reparation pattern of filling with; Then to instituteStating arbor cultivates according to a conventional method; Finally, in the time of described Tree growth to 5 ~ 7 year according to by material object, it being carried out to intermediate cuttingOr clear felling.
Described heavy metal copper, lead contamination calcareous soil refer to chernozem, chestnut soil, cinnamon soil, black mature soil, sierozem, brown calciumOne in soil.
Described arbor refers to the Xinjiang poplar seedling of annual rascal type or the Xinjiang poplar seedling of white skin type.
Described shrub refers to Bai Ci or sea-buckthorn.
Described herbaceous plant is the one referring in camel wormwood artemisia, harmel, Herba Pegani harmalae.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
What 1, the present invention adopted is the tall careless three-dimensional reparation pattern of filling with, and 3 class plants have different habitats, can between themMutually produce wholesome effect, wherein shrub and herbaceous plant both can be undertaken weather-proof and water at the initial stage of setting up of high forestThe effect of erosion, can in the growth course of high forest, make again that Tree root system distributes more deeply, more even, and then prevent by windThe soil that erosion, water erosion, diafiltration etc. are brought out spreads the heavy metal secondary pollution bringing. Therefore, this three-dimensional reparation pattern is very suitableClose the fixing reparation of arid biogeographic zone heavy-metal contaminated soil.
2, in the careless three-dimensional reparation pattern of tall filling of the present invention, 3 class plants all have very strong to heavy metal Cu, PbFixing repair ability, in arid biogeographic zone calcareous soil, the biological effectiveness of Cu, Pb is originally just low in addition, does not therefore need additionally to addThe soil additives such as lime, phosphate, organic matter, iron-bearing mineral suppress the activity of heavy metal, thereby this three-dimensional mould of repairingFormula is a kind of not only safety but also economic recovery technique.
3, the careless three-dimensional reparation pattern of tall filling of the present invention belongs to based technique for in-situ remediation, and environmental perturbation is little, throwing in early stageEnter lowly, selected arbor Xinjiang poplar has widely plantation and its have ecology and economy concurrently at NORTHWEST CHINA arid biogeographic zone simultaneously in additionBe worth, thereby this three-dimensional reparation pattern easily promotes in arid area, can be accepted by masses, at repairing polluted soilSimultaneously can also be for peasant brings income, be one " reparation of production limit, limit " technology, can ensure contaminated soil reparation and utilizationSustainability.
4, the present invention's safety, green, non-secondary pollution, easily accepted by the public, can be applicable to pollution of area source reparation, and energyIncrease the soil organism, increase soil fertility and bring economic benefit.
Detailed description of the invention
The fixing restorative procedure of plant of heavy metal copper, lead contamination calcareous soil, the method refers to first at heavy metal copper, leadOn pollution calcareous soil, be deeply not less than 0.8m kind according to the density of 1.5 × 1.5m, planting hole and plant arbor, and pass through seed broadcastingOr transplant seedling intercropping shrub and herbaceous plant, build the tall careless three-dimensional reparation pattern of filling with; Then to described arbor side routinelyMethod is cultivated; Finally, in the time of described Tree growth to 5 ~ 7 year according to by material object, it being carried out to intermediate cutting or clear felling.
Wherein: heavy metal copper, lead contamination calcareous soil refer to chernozem, chestnut soil, cinnamon soil, black mature soil, sierozem, brown calciumOne in soil.
Arbor refers to the Xinjiang poplar seedling of annual rascal type or the Xinjiang poplar seedling of white skin type.
Shrub refers to Bai Ci or sea-buckthorn.
Herbaceous plant is the one referring in camel wormwood artemisia, harmel, Herba Pegani harmalae.
Application example 1 test site be positioned at Baiyin District, Baiyin City, gansu Province (103 ° 53 ' 24 ' ' ~ 104 ° 24 ' 55 ' ' E,36 ° 14 ' 38 ~ 36 ° 47 ' 29 ' ' N), this area is the important cities with resource-based economies taking Cu resource as master of China, is also last centuryOne of old industrial bases that the fifties, state key was built. This district is located in innerland, continent, is the continental arid in middle temperate zone, half-desertClimatic province, soil is sierozem, loess is its soil parent material.
In Resource Development Process, farmland around, mining area has generally been subject to the severe contamination of the heavy metal such as Cu, Pb, causesGrain drop in production, and animal and human's body health has been formed to threat. Therefore, local farmers has changed this Regional Gravity And metallic pollution farmlandPattern of farming, no longer plant the cereal crops such as wheat, corn, replanted the bioenergy plants such as willow. Through sending out for many yearsOpen up, formed gradually the structure of plant community of " Xinjiang poplar-Bai Ci-harmel ".
The method that adopts stochastical sampling, has gathered respectively Xinjiang poplar, Bai Ci and the harmel 3 of on above-mentioned contaminated soil, growingPlants, every Plants all gathers its complete stool, has gathered respectively 5 strains. According to the age of tree by Xinjiang poplar be divided into 3 years, 5 years and 7 yearsThree classes, are gathered respectively. When herborization, also simultaneously herborization root district and bare area soil is taken back together with plantNext step processing and analysis carried out in laboratory.
(1) the recovery (referring to table 1) of the careless families of plant of tall filling to soil quality:
The impact of the careless families of plant of the tall filling of table 1 on soil physico-chemical property
As can be seen from Table 1, tall fill with careless three-dimensional reparation pattern can improve heavy-metal contaminated soil powder (0.05 ~0.002mm) and the proportion of clay (< 0.002mm), improve the soil texture. Compare the careless families of plant of tall filling with bare area soilThe ratio of root region soil powder and clay has improved respectively 17% and 36%. Tall fill with careless families of plant and contribute to increase contaminated soilThe content of organic matter, its content of organic matter has improved 38% than bare area soil. In addition, the careless families of plant of tall filling also contribute to improve soilEarth fertility, improves soil nutrient, and the content of its total soil nitrogen and full phosphorus has improved 29% and 15% than bare area soil respectively. It is visible,The careless three-dimensional reparation pattern of tall filling has very good effect to improving soil quality.
(2) the fixing reparation (referring to table 2) of the careless families of plant of tall filling to Cu in soil:
The enrichment characteristics of different plants to Cu under table 2 field condition
In the careless families of plant of tall filling, different plants are as shown in table 2 to the enrichment characteristics of Cu in calcareous soil. Can see 3In Plants root region soil, the content difference of Cu is larger, and this reflects that under natural conditions, the distribution of heavy metal in soil exists differentMatter. Arbor Xinjiang poplar, shrub are stung in vain and herbaceous plant harmel 3 Plants exist very big-difference to the absorption of Cu, its rootWith the content size order of overground part Cu be harmel > in vain thorn > Xinjiang poplar.
In soil fixing reparation, the critical content of plant shoot Cu is 40mg/kg, 3 Plants overground parts in this experimentThe content of Cu is all much smaller than its critical value, and their concentration coefficient (BCF) and transfer ratios (TF) to Cu are all less than 1 simultaneously, tableBright Qiao who is made up of Xinjiang poplar, Bai Ci and harmel 3 Plants fills with careless families of plant and is conducive to fixedly repairing of Cu in calcareous soilMultiple.
(3) the fixing reparation (referring to table 3) of the careless families of plant of tall filling to Pb in soil:
The enrichment characteristics of different plants to Pb under table 3 field condition
In the careless families of plant of tall filling, 3 Plants are as shown in table 3 to the enrichment characteristics of Pb in calcareous soil. Plant root region soilThe distribution of middle Pb is the same with Cu, also shows heterogeneous feature. The content size order of 3 Plants roots and overground part Pb andCu is consistent, is harmel > sting in vain Xinjiang poplar. According to the critical content (100mg/ of plant shoot Pb in fixing reparationKg), in this experiment the content of 3 Plants overground part Pb all in critical content threshold range. In addition, Xinjiang poplar and Bai Ci are to PbBCF be all less than 0.1, the BCF of harmel is less than 1, this shows that 3 Plants all have repelling property to Pb. Although sting Pb in vainTF be greater than 1, but in its body the content of Pb still in plant within the scope of the normal contents of Pb. Therefore, by Xinjiang poplar,Qiao of white thorn and harmel 3 Plants compositions fills with the fixing reparation that careless families of plant are also conducive to Pb in calcareous soil.
(4) tall growth characteristics of filling with willow in careless families of plant:
The growing state of the Xinjiang poplar of the different age of trees on Cu, Pb pollution calcareous soil is as shown in table 4. Can see, totalIncrement is all to increase gradually along with the age of tree on the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and plant height. If according to the planting density (strain of per hectare 4500 strainsLine-spacing is 1.5 × 1.5m), the total accumulation of Xinjiang poplar at 3 years, 5 years and 7 year age of stand can reach respectively 12.704,54.898 and175.25m3/hm2. Mean annual precipitation shows as 5 year age of stand and slightly reduces in the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, but plant height reached in the time of 5 year age of standArrive maximum, shown that this stage is the stage of Xinjiang poplar radial growth fast development. For the Xinjiang poplar at 7 year age of stand, itsRadial growth starts to slow down, and cross growth is accelerated development, and willow starts rapid chap, and the willow in this stage is held every yearAccumulated amount will be significantly higher than 3 years and the willow at 5 year age of stand.
Tall growth course of filling with Xinjiang poplar in careless families of plant on table 4 heavy metal pollution calcareous soil
Therefore, according to the different material objects of using, in the time of 5 ~ 7 years, can carry out intermediate cutting or clear felling to Xinjiang poplar, repair heavyWhen metallic pollution soil, bring income, can realize " reparation of production limit, limit " of contaminated soil, and ensure contaminated soil reparationWith the sustainability of utilizing.
Application example 2 test sites be located at school district, Lanzhou University Yuzhong Bioexperiment station (104 ° of 09 ' E, 35 ° 56 'N). Pollute calcareous soil for examination Cu, Pb and pick up from the farmland of east, Baiyin City In Dagou Basin sewage irrigation, two kinds of different pollution level soilThe calcium carbonate content of earth (M and S) is respectively 69.68 and 81.03g/kg. Afforest purchased from Gansu for the annual Xinjiang poplar seedling of examinationNursery stock base.
Before serike, cross to 7.5kg in the contaminated soil (with dry weight basis) of 10mm aperture sieve and add 0.25GN/kg(is with NH4NO3Form) and 0.10gP/kg(with K2HPO4Form) as base fertilizer, after mixing, packed into plastic tubIn (H=26.5cm, D=22.5cm); Then in April to each basin, plant 2 annual Xinjiang poplar childrens of the same sizeSeedling. Basin is placed in outdoor large Tanaka, with running water (heavy metal does not detect) supply soil moisture, makes it remain on field capacity60% left and right. Before October, willow was not fallen leaves, be divided into root, trunk and leaf 3 parts and collected, and taken back laboratoryCarry out next step processing and analysis.
(1) the enrichment characteristics of Xinjiang poplar to Cu:
Under condition of pot, Xinjiang poplar is as shown in table 5 to the enrichment characteristics of Cu in calcareous soil. Can see, in soil M and SThe content of Cu is close. On the soil of two kinds of different pollution levels, in the Different Organs of Xinjiang poplar, the content of Cu all shows as root > treeLeaf > order of trunk, and also Different Organs is all less than 0.1 to the BCF of Cu. In addition, Cu turns to its overground part from Xinjiang poplar rootThe ability of moving a little less than, on two kinds of soil, the TF of trunk is all less than 0.1, the TF of leaf is all less than 1. This shows, Xinjiang poplar is to calcareousCu in soil has very strong rejection ability, and it is conducive to the fixing reparation of Cu.
The enrichment characteristics of Xinjiang poplar to Cu under table 5 condition of pot
(2) the enrichment characteristics of Xinjiang poplar to Pb:
Under condition of pot, Xinjiang poplar is as shown in table 6 to the enrichment characteristics of Pb in calcareous soil. The content of Pb in soil M and SDifference is larger. On the soil of two kinds of different pollution levels, in the Different Organs of Xinjiang poplar, the size order of Pb content all and CuUnanimously, be root > leaf > trunk. In addition, enrichment and the transfer ability of Xinjiang poplar to Pb is also all very weak, and its Different Organs is at two kindsOn soil, the BCF of Pb is all less than to the TF of 0.1, Pb from Xinjiang poplar root to its overground part and is also all less than 1.
The enrichment characteristics of Xinjiang poplar to Pb under table 6 condition of pot
Can see, Xinjiang poplar all has very strong rejection ability to Cu and Pb, and it is conducive to Cu in calcareous soil, PbFixing reparation. At nature, in plant, the scope of Cu content is 5 ~ 20mg/kg conventionally, and the scope of Pb content is 0.2 ~ 20Mg/kg. In this test in Xinjiang poplar trunk and leaf the content of Cu and Pb all in normal range (NR). Therefore, polluting calcium soilOn earth, plant Xinjiang poplar, its trunk and leaf can be used safely in bioenergy, and leaf also can be used for animal feed. Utilize Xinjiang poplarRepairing arid biogeographic zone Cu, Pb, to pollute calcareous soil be a kind of safe, green and can bring the recovery technique of economic benefit.

Claims (1)

1. the fixing restorative procedure of the plant of heavy metal copper, lead contamination calcareous soil, is characterized in that: the method refers to first heavyOn metallic copper, lead contamination calcareous soil, be deeply not less than 0.8m kind according to the density of 1.5 × 1.5m, planting hole and plant arbor, andDo shrub and herbaceous plant, build the tall careless three-dimensional reparation pattern of filling with; Then described arbor is cultivated according to a conventional method; ?After, in the time of described Tree growth to 5 ~ 7 year according to by material object, it being carried out to intermediate cutting or clear felling; Described heavy metal copper,Lead contamination calcareous soil refers to the one in chernozem, chestnut soil, cinnamon soil, black mature soil, sierozem, brown soil; Described arbor isRefer to the Xinjiang poplar seedling of annual rascal type or the Xinjiang poplar seedling of white skin type; Described shrub refers to Bai Ci or sea-buckthorn; InstituteStating herbaceous plant is the one referring in camel wormwood artemisia, harmel, Herba Pegani harmalae.
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