CN101393191B - Screening method for heavy metal low accumulated and low enriched vegetable variety - Google Patents
Screening method for heavy metal low accumulated and low enriched vegetable variety Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for sifting a vegetable breed with low-accumulated/low-enriched heavy metals and belongs to the technical field of the quality safety of a farm product. The method comprises the following steps: (1) a potted plant mode is carried out in a greenhouse or a big shed; (2) sifting is carried out from four classes of vegetables, namely lefty vegetable, rhizome, solanaceous fruit and melon; (3) according to the limited values of the detected elements Hg, As, Pb and Cd for heavy-metal pollution in the vegetables regulated by the state and the concentration grads of 0 time, 0.5 time, 1.5 times and 4.5 times, heavy metals are added into potted soil manually; (4) vegetables are subjected to seedling, planting and management; and (5) the contents and the outputs of the heavy metals in an edible part of a product are mensurated; the product which meets the highest concentration treatment, has no marked reduction of average output per plantlet compared with the contrast and does not exceed the standard of the contents of the heavy metals is selected as the vegetable breed with low-accumulated/low-enriched heavy metals. The method has simple operation, wide applicability, economy and high efficiency, and can be popularized and applied to the departments of vegetable layout, planning and production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the agricultural product quality and safety technical field, specifically relate to screening technique heavy metal low accumulated and low enriched vegetable variety.
Background technology
Along with development of urbanization; Municipal domestic waste and factory " three wastes " discharging is also increasing, the use of the unreasonable use of agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer and sewage, mud, severe contamination water, soil, the gas in regional; Cause vegetables place of production ecologic environment to go from bad to worse; The pollutant that contains heavy metal gets into soil by all means, and then pollutes vegetables, causes being grown in the heavy metal pollution of vegetables on these soil.The heavy metal pollution situation in the vegetables place of production of China allows of no optimist at present; One take the lead by State Environmental Protection Administration; Soil investigation result to the developed area tentatively shows: the farmland heavy metal pollution of vegetable field soil of Pearl River Delta nearly 40% exceeds standard, and wherein 10% genus " seriously " exceeds standard the vegetables that in these soil, grow; The heavy metals exceeding standard phenomenon happens occasionally; According to the limit standard of national pollution-free vegetable heavy metal, the vegetables heavy metals exceeding standard rate in Dongguan, Shuande and the middle hillside plot ground has reached 31.2%, 31% and 22.8% respectively.Lead, the cadmium that wherein contains in the leaf vegetables such as romaine lettuce, naked oats dish, pakchoi more [Zhao Xiaohu, Wang Fuhua, Zhang Chong etc. southern vegetable plot heavy metal pollution situation and vegetables safety in production regulation measure, agricultural environment and development, 2007, (3): 91-94].The once investigation of accomplishing in the end of the year 2004 of Nanjing soil research institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences shows that the Cadmium Pollution in Soils in the middle bar in Nanjing, Eight Diagrams continent is serious, finds in the agricultural product of two places plantation that cadmium, lead metal are seriously polluted; Possibility [the Zhou Jianxin that harmful to human occurred; The chloroazotic acid spit of fland, Yang Guofeng. the hidden danger of stored grain quality safety and countermeasure---with Nanjing is example, industrial economy research; 2006, (1): 77-78].Along with people's is to the attention of food security, and the heavy metal pollution of heavy metal pollution of soil and vegetables has caused people's very big concern.
Phytoremediation (Phytoremedition) is the environmental pollution treatment technology that grows up over nearly 20 years, is extensively paid close attention to.The phytoremediation of heavy-metal contaminated soil is meant extraction, volatilization and the conversion fixation of utilizing plant and rhizosphere microorganism system thereof; Remove the heavy metal in the soil or heavy metal is stabilized in and pollute on-the-spotly, prevent that it from causing bigger pollution to underground water and surrounding environment.Phytoremediation mainly comprises: plant extract (Phytoextraction), phytovolatilization (Phytovoltilization), rhizosphere filtering (Rhizofiltration) and four kinds of modes of action of plant stability (Phytostablization); Wherein the research of plant extract aspect receives people's attention [Chaney R.L. day by day; Malik M.; Li Y.M.; Etal.1997, Phytoremediation of soil metals.Current Opinions inBiotechnology.8:279-284].Plant extract; Promptly utilize the particularly ultra enrichment/hyperaccumulative plant of heavy metal accumulation/accumulation excess from contaminated soil to absorb one or more heavy metals; And with its transfer, be stored to overground part organs such as stem, leaf; Plant continuously again with the whole results of plant and after concentrating processing, so that make heavy metal in soil concentration be reduced to the acceptable level.
But phytoremediation also has its limitation, owing to be used for the habit difference of the enriching plant of phytoremediation, makes the application of some enriching plants receive the restriction of region; Simultaneously, phytoremediation will reach acceptable result, generally needs several seasons of plantation continuously, and mostly present many enriching plants are yearly plant, therefore needs plantation several years continuously even above time of more than ten years just can reach repairing effect.As the wild penny cress of the hyperaccumulative plant that utilizes present discovery is when repairing the Zn contaminated soil; Contaminated soil is reduced to 300mg/kg from 440mg/kg need plants 14 batches; Because penny cress is yearly plant, that is to say that pollution is reduced to the soil environment quality requirement needs through the reparation in 14 years planting vegetable more at least.For another example; With China scientist find the As hyperaccumulative plant---ciliate desert-grass is an example; According to people's such as Chen Tongbin result of study, utilize ciliate desert-grass that the every reduction of the arsenic content in soil 5mg/kg is needed 7 months growth period, promptly be equivalent to the main growth period in the ciliate desert-grass 1 year.If according to such speed, the As in the soil of 60mg/kg is repaired soil environment secondary standard (pH:6.5～7.5,30mg/kg) time [Zhou Dongmei in 6 years of needs; Hao Xiuzhen, Xue Yan etc., the recovery technique progress of contaminated soil; Ecologic environment, 2004,13 (2): 234-242]; By such phytoremediation speed, under the national conditions that China has a large population and a few land, be to be difficult to implement.At present, the super enriching plant of having reported in the world is about kind more than 400, and wherein the Ni super enriching plant is about 300 kinds, Co26 kind, Cu24 kind; The Se19 kind, Zn16 kind, Mn11 kind, Ti1 kind; Cd1 kind [document 9:Brooks, R.R., Chambers, M.F.; Nicks, L.J., Robinson, B.H.; In plant science.3 1998.Phytoming.Trends, (9): 359-362.], from these super enriching plants can enrichment heavy metal, except Cd; Need heavy metals such as the strict Hg that controls, As, Pb also not have corresponding super enriching plant in the vegetables, and Cd has also only found a kind of super enriching plant, and limited by the region, this also is the limitation place of phytoremediation.
In addition; People also mode such as the selection through home environment and product certification control the content of beary metal in the vegetables; Taken separately technical measures mainly comprise: the one, home environment is monitored; Through detecting the content of beary metal of environmental elements such as soil, air, irrigation water, if all environmental elements satisfy the requirement of national regulation pollution-free vegetable home environment, (NY5010-2002) like " pollution-free food vegetables home environment condition "; Then think to be fit to the plantation of vegetables, and can ensure the quality safety of vegetables.The 2nd, product is carried out authentication, through detecting the content of beary metal in the victual, see the requirement that whether reaches country or agricultural industry pollution-free food standard, give nuisanceless authentication marks to the product that meets the demands.These two kinds of technical measures have promoted the lifting of agricultural product quality and safety on certain degree, but along with the development of economic society also faces some problems, at first, expanding economy and mankind's activity aggravation; The pollution of heavy metal-polluted soil is trend [document 3: Dong Wenmao, the soil pollution investigation of defendance soil Pearl River Delta, the environment of expansion; 2007, (7): 6-10.], therefore; Under limited cultivated area prerequisite, the soil that satisfies pollution-free vegetable production can constantly dwindle, and the leeway of selection will be more and more littler also; Secondly, the product certification technology is last one outpost of the tax office that can victual come into the market, and the victual that the effect of playing just exceeds standard content of beary metal is blocked in outside the market to be destroyed, and can not change the content of its heavy metal in the vegetables production run.
But many investigation show that different types of vegetables exist evident difference [Luo Xiaomei, Zhang Yirong, Yang Dingqing, heavy metal pollution A+E in the vegetables of area, Chengdu, Sichuan environment, 2003,22 (2): 49-51 to the absorption/accumulation of heavy metal; Peng Yukui, Zhao Suolao, Wang Bo, suburb, big and medium-sized cities, Shaanxi Province vegetables mineral matter element and contents of heavy metal elements research, northwest agricultural journal, 2002,11 (1): 97-100].Therefore; As long as thinking, we find vegetable variety to heavy metal low accumulated and low enriched; Even near the soil content of beary metal surpasses contamination critical value; Still can produce the victual of quality safety, this just for solving the contradiction between heavy metal pollution of soil and the vegetables quality safety, provides new technological approaches.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to, to the existing enriching plant repairing heavy metal in soil pollution technology of utilizing, existing restriction and the repairing efficiency that receives the region crossed the defective that long production can't be implemented; And selection and product certification method through home environment, existing environmental selection leeway is more and more littler and can not directly change the deficiency of content of beary metal in the vegetables etc.; Provide that a kind of standard is clear and definite, easy and simple to handle, applicability is wide, economical and efficient, can from the source, the victual content of beary metal be limited in safe range with the screening of interior heavy metal low accumulated and low enriched vegetable variety and the method for popularizing planting.
Ultimate principle of the present invention is; At clear and definite Hg, As, Pb, Cd is on the basis of the main heavy metal pollution element of current vegetables; Utilize between vegetables variety classes or the identical type different cultivars; Because the characteristic that genotypic difference causes absorption and the accumulation law to heavy metal to have notable difference is planted under controlled simulation heavy metal natural pollution environmental baseline, therefrom filters out the low accumulated and low enriched characteristic of heavy metal tool; Product reaches the vegetable species and the kind of edible safety standard; Even and surpass popularizing planting in contamination critical value or near the soil content of beary metal surpasses contamination critical value at content of beary metal, all can obtain to meet the victual of national pollution-free food requirement, with assurance people's edible safety.Simultaneously through the checking of sampling in the vegetables place of production in the higher area of heavy metal content in soil, to guarantee accuracy of the present invention.
The object of the invention is achieved through following technical scheme.
The screening technique of heavy metal low accumulated and low enriched vegetable variety, this method is carried out according to the following steps:
1) test unit: in greenhouse or booth, carry out with potted plant mode;
2) screening vegetable species: with leaf vegetables, rhizome, solanberry, four types of vegetables of melon is the screening object;
3) preparation of potted plant contaminated soil: according to " requirement of agricultural product quality and safety pollution-free vegetable home environment " (GB/T18407.1-2001) and " agricultural product quality and safety pollution-free vegetable safety requirements " (GB18406.1-2001); Vegetables heavy metal pollution detection elements Hg, As, Pb, Cd and the corresponding standard value of limiting the quantity of thereof of regulation; On the basis of considering each constituent content value of foundation soil; Through adding the WS of the water-soluble analysis pure compound of corresponding heavy metal; Make the final content of preparing in the soil of each relevant heavy metal reach 0 times of (contrast of the standard value of limiting the quantity of respectively; Do not add heavy metal), 0.5 times, 1.5 times and 4.5 times, place balance after one week, subsequent use;
4) screening the growing seedlings, cultivate and manage of vegetables: behind (2) four types of grow seedlings of vegetable of step, choose the healthy and strong seedling of growing way, plant in the basin alms bowl that step (3) preparation soil is housed, by Routine Management to gathering in the crops the edible part that all kinds of vegetables variable concentrations are handled;
5) products measure and screening inclusion criteria: after the mensuration of all kinds of vegetables variable concentrations being handled different in nature mensuration of edible part poor and content of beary metal; Maximum concentration handles with wherein meeting; Average every strain edible part yield increased does not have conspicuousness and reduces; Content of beary metal does not exceed standard, and then goes into to elect as the low accumulated and low enriched vegetable variety of counterweight metal.
Said Hg, As, Pb, the water-soluble analysis pure compound of the corresponding heavy metal element of Cd are mercuric chloride, disodium hydrogen arsenate, plumbi nitras and caddy.
The mensuration of the said different disposal edible part poor opposite sex adopts least significant difference method (LSD) to carry out multiple ratio, and level of significance is 0.05.
The principal character of said heavy metal low accumulated and low enriched vegetable variety is:
1) in the soil that 4.5 times of concentration of the pollution value of limiting the quantity of that the pollution-free vegetable home environment requires are handled, plant, the content of beary metal of institute's harvested vegetable edible part is no more than the value of limiting the quantity of that " agricultural product quality and safety pollution-free vegetable safety requirements " (GB18406.1-2001) stipulated;
2) tangible poisoning symptom does not appear in vegetable growth;
3) average every strain yield of vegetables is compared no conspicuousness minimizing with contrast.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the present invention filters out the vegetable variety to the low accumulation of heavy metal (Hg, As, Pb, Cd), low enrichment through the method for pot experiment, can reduce the content of heavy metal the vegetables from the source; Can be applicable to the regional layout of growing vegetables, especially heavy metal content in soil is in above near the vegetables base the contamination critical value,, both ensured the safety of product quality, made full use of existing land resource simultaneously again through the plantation of above-mentioned vegetable variety.
2) the inventive method is easy and simple to handle; Applicability is wide: only in common hot house or greenhouse; Adopt conventional and ripe pot experiment method, by designing the heavy metal element WS that adds variable concentrations, after cultivation; After adopting conventional graphite oven atomic absorption and atomic fluorescence method to carry out the heavy metal pollution assay to product, can therefrom filter out heavy metal low accumulated and low enriched vegetable species and kind; Vegetable species that filters out and kind are planted experimentally near the soil content of beary metal surpasses contamination critical value, and tangible poisoning symptom does not appear in its plant strain growth; The content of beary metal of its edible part also is no more than the value of limiting the quantity of of relevant regulations; In addition, the checking of sampling on the spot of the classic pollution vegetables place of production matches with the result of pot experiment, has verified that the present invention is through utilizing the feasibility (seeing table 3) of method for potted screening heavy metal low accumulated and low enriched vegetable variety.
3) economical and efficient, this invention do not need expensive equipment in application process, potted plant used soil can be recycled, and has both avoided the pollution to environment, has also reduced Master Cost.The low accumulated and low enriched vegetable variety that filters out for making full use of existing land resource, is brought into play its economic benefit and is played a good role under the prerequisite that has guaranteed vegetables quality safety.
4) the present invention provides one to overlap the technical scheme that can supply use for reference for solving the difficult problem of other crops and heavy metal-polluted soil element pollution.
Description of drawings
The different As concentration of Fig. 1 are handled the synoptic diagram of vegetables edible part As content
The different Pb concentration of Fig. 2 are handled the synoptic diagram of vegetables edible part Pb content
The different Cd concentration of Fig. 3 are handled the synoptic diagram of vegetables edible part Cd content
The different Hg concentration of Fig. 4 are handled the synoptic diagram of vegetables edible part Hg content
The different As concentration of Fig. 5 are handled the synoptic diagram of different tomato variety edible part As content
The different Pb concentration of Fig. 6 are handled the synoptic diagram of different tomato variety edible part Pb content
The different Cd concentration of Fig. 7 are handled the synoptic diagram of different tomato variety edible part Cd content
The different As concentration of Fig. 8 are handled the synoptic diagram of different eggplant kind edible part As content
Embodiment
Through embodiment the present invention is done further detailed description below, but should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited by these contents.
The heavy metal compound that is used for making an addition in the soil is respectively:
Mercuric chloride: molecular formula is HgCl
2, molecular weight is 271.52, content>=99.5%, and Wenzhou City chemistry materials factory produces.
Disodium hydrogen arsenate: molecular formula is Na
2HAsO
47H
2O, molecular weight are 312.02, and Shanghai City chemical reagents corporation produces.
Plumbi nitras: molecular formula is Pb (NO
3)
2, molecular weight is 331.21, content>=99.0%, and Wenzhou City chemistry materials factory produces.
Caddy: molecular formula is CdCl
22.5H
2O, molecular weight are 228.35, content>=99.0%, and China Medicine (Group) Shanghai Chemical Reagent Co., produces.
Embodiment 1:
The screening technique of heavy metal low accumulated and low enriched vegetable variety.
According to " the requirement of standards such as agricultural product quality and safety pollution-free vegetable safety requirements (GB18406.1-2001), " NY5089-2005 pollution-free food greenery class vegetables ", " NY5082-2005 pollution-free food root vegetable ", " NY5074-2005 pollution-free food melon vegetables "; Content to Hg, As, Pb, Cd four heavy metal elements in the vegetables all has strict restriction, therefore utilizes pot experiment to carry out the screening of the low accumulated and low enriched vegetable variety of this four heavy metal elements; The vegetable variety of screening is the govern-house-variety in the present domestic conventional cultivation; Comprise: melon, solanberry class, leaf vegetables, tubers; Wherein melon have: pumpkin (Gan Li), cucumber (excellent No. one of Tianjin), sponge gourd (No. one, Jiangsu, the fragrant sponge gourd in Hangzhou), long melon (the long melon in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Pu No. 2); The solanberry class has: eggplant (Feng Xiu, Hangzhoupro eggplant No., draw eggplant No.), tomato (cooperation 903, FA-189, Zhejiang assorted 203), capsicum (shank * Jilin); Leaf vegetables is green vegetables (No. 5, precocity, heat resistanceheat resistant 605, Shanghai green grass or young crops), and tubers has: radish (white jade spring) and lettuce (the fragrant bamboo shoot king of peasants who dig gold).
Potted plant place: be positioned at the Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science warmhouse booth, foundation soil picks up from the vegetables production base of Zhejiang sea salt, and original content of Hg, As, Pb, Cd is respectively 0.225mgkg in this soil
-1, 5.32mgkg
-1, 21.8mgkg
-1, 0.084mgkg
-1, pH is 6.7; Soil through air-dry, break, cross the 2mm sieve into pieces, decon, fully to mix the back thoroughly subsequent use; According to the vegetable variety that will cultivate, select not isometric basin alms bowl, well developed root systems such as general root vegetables, melon, solanberry class, the kind that increment is bigger select for use volume greater than 10 liters basin alms bowl, the soil about 10kg of packing into; The vegetable variety that root systems such as leaf vegetables are few, increment is little is selected the basin alms bowl of about 5 liters of volumes for use, the 5kg left and right sides soil of packing into; According to " requirement of agricultural product quality and safety pollution-free vegetable home environment " (GB/T18407.1-2001); Foundation soil pH value is between 6.5～7.5 the time; The soil home environment quality value of limiting the quantity of is respectively Hg:0.5mg/kg, As:30mg/kg, Pb:150mg/kg and Cd:0.3mg/kg; According to 0 times (promptly heavy metal is not added in contrast, is CK), 0.5 times (handling 1) of the home environment value of limiting the quantity of, 1.5 times (handling 2) and 4.5 times (handling 3); Add the WS (when calculating the amount of adding heavy metal, the content of beary metal in the foundation soil being counted) of heavy metal Hg, As, Pb, the water-soluble analysis pure compound of Cd respective element respectively.
Like the every basin soil of potted plant soil heavily is 10.5kg, on the basis of the Hg content of deduction soil own, needs the Hg that adds to be respectively in the cultivating soil: 0mg/kg (CK), 0.025mg/kg (handling 1), 0.525mg/kg (handling 2), 2.025mg/kg (handling 3); The time taking by weighing in operation and to analyze pure mercuric chloride 0.3553g and be dissolved in the 1000ml water, be mixed with mother liquor, is 73.88% to calculate according to the mercury content of mercuric chloride; The concentration of Hg is 0.2625mg/ml in the mother liquor; Every basin adds the 1.0ml mother liquor in handling 1 soil, handles every basin interpolation 21ml mother liquor in 2 soil, handles every basin interpolation 81ml mother liquor in 3 soil; Mix the dress basin thoroughly.
Like the every basin soil of potted plant soil heavily is 10.5kg, on the basis of the As content of deduction soil own, needs the As that adds to be respectively in the cultivating soil: 0mg/kg (CK), 9.68mg/kg (handling 1), 39.68mg/kg (handling 2), 129.68mg/kg (handling 3); The time taking by weighing in operation and to analyze pure disodium hydrogen arsenate 42.3324g and be dissolved in the 1000ml water, be mixed with mother liquor, is 24.01% to calculate according to the arsenic content of disodium hydrogen arsenate; The concentration of As is 10.164mg/ml in the mother liquor; Every basin adds the 10ml mother liquor in handling 1 soil, handles every basin interpolation 41ml mother liquor in 2 soil, handles every basin interpolation 134ml mother liquor in 3 soil; Mix the dress basin thoroughly.
Like the every basin soil of potted plant soil heavily is 10.5kg, on the basis of the Pb content of deduction soil own, needs the Pb that adds to be respectively in the cultivating soil: 0mg/kg (CK), 53.2mg/kg (handling 1), 203.2mg/kg (handling 2), 653.2mg/kg (handling 3); The time taking by weighing in operation and to analyze pure plumbi nitras 89.2903g and be dissolved in the 1000ml water, be mixed with mother liquor, is 62.56% to calculate according to the lead tolerance of plumbi nitras; The concentration of Pb is 55.86mg/ml in the mother liquor; Every basin adds the 10ml mother liquor in handling 1 soil, handles every basin interpolation 38.2ml mother liquor in 2 soil, handles every basin interpolation 122.8ml mother liquor in 3 soil; Mix the dress basin thoroughly.
Like the every basin soil of potted plant soil heavily is 10.5kg, on the basis of the Cd content of deduction soil own, needs the Cd that adds to be respectively in the cultivating soil: 0mg/kg (CK), 0.066mg/kg (handling 1), 0.366mg/kg (handling 2), 1.266mg/kg (handling 3); The time taking by weighing in operation and to analyze pure caddy 0.1408g and be dissolved in the 1000ml water, be mixed with mother liquor, is 49.23% to calculate according to the cadmium content of caddy; The concentration of Cd is 0.0693mg/ml in the mother liquor; Every basin adds the 10ml mother liquor in handling 1 soil, handles every basin interpolation 55.5ml mother liquor in 2 soil, handles every basin interpolation 191.8ml mother liquor in 3 soil; Mix the dress basin thoroughly.
Because of adding the moisture difference that volume differences caused of mother liquor between different disposal, remedy through adding respective volume distilled water.The water cut of potted plant soil is controlled at about 60% of maxmun field capacity, has added the soil behind the heavy metal and placed one week of balance back confession cultivation usefulness, pot experiment is carried out in booth.
The requirement and the time schedule of growing seedlings according to the different vegetable kind; Carry out in good time vegetable seeds seed soaking, vernalization, sowing, the vegetable seedling of equal number (strain) is transplanted in the basin alms bowl in good time; Apply base fertilizer; Base fertilizer is generally NPK, when rate of fertilizer application is generally field planting 2～3 times of institute's rate of fertilizer application.Carry out conventional Pest management and rich water quality management in the potted plant process.After the ripe results of vegetables, according to different vegetable varieties, results edible part, and the output of the statistics edible part of weighing.With its edible part clean in the laboratory, homogenate, be prepared into testing sample after, carry out the mensuration of content of beary metal according to national standard (GB/T5009 series standard); Sample with the content of aas determination Pb, Cd, is measured the content of Hg, As with atomic fluorescence method after pre-treatment is cleared up.
Measure the result according to above-mentioned content of beary metal; With " agricultural product quality and safety pollution-free vegetable safety requirements " (GB18406.1-2001) in product value of limiting the quantity of of regulation (wherein limiting the quantity of of Hg is 0.01mg/kg; Limiting the quantity of of As is 0.5mg/kg; Limiting the quantity of of Pb is 0.2mg/kg, Cd limit the quantity of for: 0.05mg/kg) compare, judge whether the content of heavy metal in the vegetables exceeds standard.If average every strain yield of vegetables of growth is compared with contrast in maximum concentration is handled; There is not conspicuousness to reduce; And the vegetables edible part content of beary metal of this processing does not surpass the value of limiting the quantity of of national Specification, thinks that then this kind is the low accumulated and low enriched vegetable variety of this heavy metal species.
The result shows:
(1) as can be seen from Figure 1 in different As concentration is handled, the edible part A s content of melon, solanberry class and lettuce all meets quality safety and requires, and green vegetables As occurred in 3 and exceed standard with handling handling 2.As can beappreciated from fig. 2 in different Pb handled, melon edible part with the solanberry class all met quality safety and requires, and the vegetable variety of leaf vegetables, tubers the phenomenon that Pb exceeds standard all occurred along with the increase of concentration of treatment.As can beappreciated from fig. 3, Cd did not exceed standard in the edible part of melon and radish, the edible part of other kind vegetables has all occurred exceeding standard along with the increase of concentration of treatment, and was especially the most obvious to the enrichment of Cd with green vegetables.As can beappreciated from fig. 4, the edible part Hg content of the vegetable variety of all tests all is the value of limiting the quantity of that is lower than national standard, capsicum wherein, even the product that eggplant, radish, asparagus lettuce grow out in maximum concentration is handled, Hg content all is not detect.Analysis-by-synthesis Fig. 1～4 show: under the heavy metal-polluted soil concentration gradient of design, test As in the 1. victual, Pb, Cd, Hg accumulation with soil in the increase of content raise; But after in four heavy metal species contaminated soils, planting melon (cucumber, sponge gourd, long melon); Product all is safe, then melon vegetable variety for low accumulation; 2. the various vegetables of in containing the soil of Hg, planting all are safe, and promptly 18 kinds of test all are the vegetable variety of low accumulation to Hg; 3. other kind vegetables all have the product of part kind in different heavy metal concentration tests, to occur exceeding standard.The content of beary metal of different vegetable kind edible part can be found out from Fig. 1～4, and there is certain difference in 4. different types of vegetables to the absorbing enriched degree of a certain heavy metal.Through analyzing, the vegetable variety of test is seen table 1 to the enrichment discipline of heavy metal.
Table 1 different vegetable is to the enrichment discipline of heavy metal
(2) through the content analysis to different heavy metals in the tomato of different cultivars, the result sees Fig. 5,6,7, from Fig. 5,6,7, can find out, the tomato of 3 kinds is to the accumulation of As, Pb: FA-189>Zhejiang assorted 203>cooperation 903.The tomato of 3 kinds does not have significant difference to the accumulation ability of Cd, and the Hg of three tomato edible parts does not detect simultaneously.
(3) as can beappreciated from fig. 8, it is minimum to the accumulation of As to draw eggplant No., and the Hg of three eggplant edible parts does not detect simultaneously.
(4) average every strain output of different vegetable is measured; Carry out multiple ratio through carrying out least significant difference method (LSD), the result sees table 2, from table 2, can find out; Cucumber is in Cd, Hg handle; Sponge gourd is in Pb, Cd, Hg handle, and capsicum is in As, Hg handle and in the processing of radish at Cd, and the output that maximum concentration is handled is compared with contrast does not have significant difference.In addition in all kinds of test except tomato, long melon, asparagus lettuce, draw the eggplant No., other kinds or kind are in Hg handles, the output of maximum concentration processing is compared with contrast does not all have significant difference.
Yield of vegetables that the different heavy metals of table 2 are handled and heavy metal are to the multiple ratio of yield effect
* annotate: the small letter English alphabet of yield data back is multiple ratio result in the table.
In sum; Through test; Results of screening is: cucumber (excellent No. one of Tianjin) is the low accumulation kind of Cd and Hg, and sponge gourd (No. one, Jiangsu, the fragrant sponge gourd in Hangzhou) and long melon (the long melon in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Pu No. 2) are the low accumulation kinds of Pb, Cd and Hg, and capsicum (shank * Jilin) is the low accumulation kind of As and Hg; Radish (white jade spring) is the low accumulation kind of Cd and Hg, and eggplant (Feng Xiu, Hangzhoupro eggplant No.) and green vegetables (No. 5, precocity, heat resistanceheat resistant 605, Shanghai green grass or young crops) are the low accumulation kinds of Hg.
The checking of sampling on the spot of the vegetables place of production:
In order to verify The selection result; The typical case on our ground such as Ma Jiaqiao, Bao Qiao village, pheasant cities and towns, Huzhou City Changxing county, An Kou village, Jiande plum cities and towns, Hangzhou from the Jiashan city pollutes the plot and has carried out sampling investigation on the spot; These regional main pollution-producing are Hg and Cd, and investigation result is seen table 3.
* do not detect: detect and be limited to 0.00015mg/kg.
Visible from table 3, the absorption to Hg and Cd when the vegetable variety of being investigated is planted in typical contaminated area is low accumulation, surpasses national standard.The result of this and pot experiment matches, and has verified that the present invention is through utilizing the feasibility of method for potted screening heavy metal low accumulated and low enriched vegetable variety.
Claims (2)
1. the screening technique of heavy metal low accumulated and low enriched vegetable variety is characterized in that this method carries out according to the following steps:
1) test unit: in greenhouse or booth, carry out with potted plant mode;
2) screening vegetable species: with leaf vegetables, rhizome, solanberry, four types of vegetables of melon is the screening object;
3) preparation of potted plant contaminated soil: according to " requirement of agricultural product quality and safety pollution-free vegetable home environment " and " the agricultural product quality and safety pollution-free vegetable safety requirements " of GB 18406.1-2001 of GB/T 18407.1-2001; Vegetables heavy metal pollution detection elements Hg, As, Pb, Cd and the corresponding standard value of limiting the quantity of thereof of regulation; On the basis of considering each constituent content value of foundation soil; Through adding the WS of the water-soluble analysis pure compound of corresponding heavy metal; Make each the relevant heavy metal final content of preparation in the soil reach 0 times, 0.5 times, 1.5 times and 4.5 times of the standard value of limiting the quantity of respectively, the placement balance is after one week, and is subsequent use;
4) screening the growing seedlings, cultivate and manage of vegetables: behind (2) four types of grow seedlings of vegetable of step, plant in the basin alms bowl that step (3) preparation soil is housed, by Routine Management to gathering in the crops the edible part that all kinds of vegetables variable concentrations are handled;
5) products measure and screening inclusion criteria: after the output through all kinds of vegetables variable concentrations being handled the edibles part and the mensuration of content of beary metal; Maximum concentration handles with wherein meeting; Its average every strain edible part yield increased does not have conspicuousness and reduces; Content of beary metal does not exceed standard, and then selected is heavy metal low accumulated and low enriched vegetable variety.
2. by the described screening technique of claim 1, it is characterized in that the described water-soluble analysis pure compound of heavy metal element that is added into potted plant soil is mercuric chloride, disodium hydrogen arsenate, plumbi nitras and caddy.
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| CN109348881A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-02-19 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | A kind of method and device based on sand culture processing measurement plant heavy metal tolerance |
| CN115156286B (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2024-05-10 | 贵州师范大学 | Efficient screening method for heavy metal low-accumulation ecological restoration plants/crops |
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