CN103518610B - A kind of method utilizing ciltivating process rapid screening arsenic low absorption crop - Google Patents
A kind of method utilizing ciltivating process rapid screening arsenic low absorption crop Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of method utilizing ciltivating process rapid screening arsenic low absorption crop, the method comprises the step such as sowing, preparation nutrient solution, transplanting, seedling management, harvesting, mensuration arsenic content.The inventive method can filter out the crop with low absorption arsenic ability simpler and easy, efficiently and accurately, and drastically reduce the area in force and discharge the secondary pollution that may cause containing arsenic waste solution.
Description
[technical field]
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology.More specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of method utilizing ciltivating process rapid screening arsenic low absorption crop.
[background technology]
Heavy metals in farmland exceeds standard and even pollutes is the key factor of serious threat agricultural product quality and safety.In recent years, the report of heavy metal pollution in China farmland and agricultural product is in the trend increased year by year, the rice cadmium content occurred as the first half of the year in 2013 exceeds standard event, tens thousand of tons of rice are caused to lose its due use value, lose several hundred million unit, and therefore caused the fear of people to food security, the social influence brought is inestimable, reduce the content of the harmful substances such as heavy metal in agricultural product, ensure and become the task of top priority by agricultural product quality and safety.
Arsenic a kind ofly has a metalloid element of carcinogenesis extensively exist poisonous of natural world, and it is even even more serious compared with cadmium in a lot of to the harm of human body, and China is arsenic minerals big country, is also the whole world by one of the most serious country of arsenic poisoning harm.In recent years, the farmland that arsenic minerals district periphery occurs and the agricultural product arsenic phenomenon that exceeds standard more, serious threat to agricultural product quality and safety and people healthy, caused showing great attention to of various circles of society.
In recent years, the correlative studys such as arsenic polluted agricultural land reparation receive the attention of many researchers, and reduce, reduce the aspects such as the Sources controlling of arsenic Crop arsenic, farmland from Arsenic in Soil validity and done large quantity research.From existing result of study, for polluted agricultural land, add passivator to reduce the validity of Arsenic in Soil, reduce the absorptive amount of crop, utilize the accumulation ability of arsenic super enriching plant to arsenic to remove arsenic in soil, or to reduce the absorption etc. of target crop to arsenic by modes such as the intercropping of super enriching plant and crop be the method comparatively commonly used.But, the reasons such as the crypticity exceeded standard due to farmland arsenic and pollute, it is impossible for going with wanting block-by-block farmland to analyze its content, even soil content value also happens occasionally a little less than the phenomenon of arsenic content overproof in the agricultural product produced in the farmland of national standard, this is the very big hidden danger to agricultural product quality and safety.Therefore, utilize some crop to the poor characteristic of arsenic absorption and transport ability, reduce crop to the absorptive amount of arsenic, when enabling it plant in the higher farmland of arsenic content, the agricultural product of results reach the requirement of " national food safety standard-pollutants in food limitation (GB2762-2012) ", and this is considered to the most effectively to exceed standard the approach of farmland safe utilization in recent years.
At present, unified method is there is no about the screening of arsenic low absorption crop, plant different crops under field condition mostly, by measuring the result such as last absorptive amount, plant in-vivo content, and calculate the indexs such as corresponding absorptive amount, transfer and concentration coefficient, determine whether corresponding crop is low absorption crop with this.There is obvious limitation in this method, as spend large, the time is long and the difficult control of experimental condition etc., the result error that the inhomogeneities etc. of particularly large Tanaka's arsenic distribution is brought, and has had a strong impact on the judgement to screening crop.Therefore, the screening effeciency how improving low absorption crop, the accuracy etc. shortening screening time, reduce screening cost, ensure the selection result, become the important technology bottleneck of arsenic low absorption crop screening.
The present inventor once conducted in-depth research for this problem and defined achievement in research, and with " several leafy vegetable absorbs and the comparative studies of accumulation characteristics arsenic " for topic, was published in " agro-environment science journal " the 3rd phase 485-490 page in 2013.This paper has set forth utilization water culture experiment method, compares 5 kinds of leaf class crops to the absorption characteristic of arsenic.Result shows, when arsenic concentration in nutrient solution be 2,4,8mgL
-1time, celery (Apium graveolens L.), three-coloured amaranth (Amaranthus mangostanus L.) and water spinach (Ipomea aquatica L.) Aboveground Biomass of Young all significantly reduce (P<0.05), and lettuce (Lactuce sativa var.longifolia) is not remarkable with the upperground part biomass difference compared with CK of romaine lettuce (Lactuce sativa L.), show relatively higher tolerance; From the accumulation of different leafy vegetable to arsenic, be 10mgkg at culture fluid arsenic concentration
-1time, the cumulant of water spinach acrial part to arsenic is the highest, reaches 1623 μ gpot
-1, lettuce is minimum, is 45.58 μ gpot
-1, 5 kinds of leafy vegetable cumulant size orders are: water spinach > celery > three-coloured amaranth > romaine lettuce > lettuce.For different arsenic concentration culture fluid, lettuce and the transfer ratio average of romaine lettuce to arsenic are respectively 0.02 and 0.03, and concentration coefficient average is respectively 2.75 and 2.66, lower than other vegetables.This result of study provides foundation for application ciltivating process rapid preliminary screens arsenic low absorption crop.
On the basis of the above-mentioned existing water culture experiment method of the present inventor, the present invention by nutrient solution arsenic concentration, change liquid time, P/As ratio and Fe/As than methods such as controls, to reduce waste liquid discharge capacity to greatest extent for target, define the method for arsenic that is quick, efficient, low cost low absorption crop screening.
[summary of the invention]
[technical problem that will solve]
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of method utilizing ciltivating process rapid screening arsenic low absorption crop.
[technical scheme]
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
The present invention relates to a kind of method utilizing ciltivating process rapid screening arsenic low absorption crop.
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) sow
Vegetable seeds is evenly placed on culture matrix, add a small amount of deionized water moistening after, then cover 2 ~ 5mm matrix above, with covered rearing with plastic film to keep moistening, to seed sprouting when 2 ~ 3 days, remove plastic film;
(2) nutrient solution is prepared
Based on Hoagland nutrient solution prescription, regulate the addition of wherein phosphorus and iron two kinds of elements, add simultaneously or do not add natrium arsenicum, make that the phosphorus concentration in described nutrient solution reaches 4.65 ~ 10.85mg/L, concentration of iron reaches 4.19 ~ 9.77mg/L, V valency arsenic concentration reaches 4 ~ 8mg/L or is 0mg/L, thus obtains described containing arsenic nutrient solution or do not contain arsenic nutrient solution;
(3) transplant
When vegetable seedling grows to 3 ~ 4 true leaves, select the seedling that growing way is close, by deionized water, the culture matrix that root system adheres to is rinsed well, and transplanting is prepared in the plastic bottle of the nutrient solution obtained to being equipped with 1.5L in step (2), transplants 4 strain seedling in each plastic bottle;
(4) seedling management
Between the culture period of step (3) transplanting seedling, within every 1 ~ 2 day, in plastic bottle, supplement a deionized water, make the cumulative volume of nutrient solution control, at about 1.5L, between this nursery stage, to change one time of nutrition liquid; Meanwhile, keep moistening, substantial light according to and good ventilation condition;
(5) gather in
Cultivate the cauline leaf and the root system that gather in vegetables after 30 ~ 45 days respectively, and clean by deionized water respectively, then blot residual water droplet with filter paper;
(6) arsenic content is measured
The plant cauline leaf of harvesting and root system are completed respectively at temperature 90 DEG C 1h, then temperature 70 C dry to constant weight, then weigh dry Plant weight, to determine its biomass; Then plant cauline leaf and root system are ground respectively and sieved by 1mm, adopt red fuming nitric acid (RFNA)+perchloric acid resolution method (Bai Lingyu etc., external source dimethyl arsenic is on the impact of growth of rape and Arsenic in Soil biological effectiveness, Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 22 (2), 437-441) clear up, then adopt atomic fluorescence spectrum to measure obtain in digestion solution arsenic content, and be scaled the arsenic content in this plant.
A preferred embodiment of the invention, described vegetable seeds is lettuce, romaine lettuce, celery, three-coloured amaranth or water spinach seed.
According to another kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, described vegetable seeds is at concentration 25 ~ 35%H by weight
2o
2soaking disinfection 10 ~ 15min in solution, then clean by deionized water.
According to another kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the matrix used in step (1) is that granularity is less than the vermiculite of 2mm, perlite or polyurethane culture matrix.
According to another kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (1), strict control day temperature is 25 ~ 30 DEG C, nocturnal temperature is 15 ~ 25 DEG C, relative moisture is 65 ~ 75%.
According to another kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (2), use 0.1MNaOH or HCl solution that the pH value of described nutrient solution is adjusted to 6.0 ~ 6.6.
According to another kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, seedling before transplanting, between nursery stage except use described do not water containing arsenic nutrient solution except, do not add any nutriment, only supplementary deionized water.
According to another kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (4), between nursery stage, change one time of nutrition liquid when being cultured to the 25th day.
In more detail the present invention will be described below.
The present invention relates to a kind of method utilizing ciltivating process rapid screening arsenic low absorption crop.
The step of the method is as follows:
(1) sow
Vegetable seeds is evenly placed on culture matrix, add a small amount of deionized water moistening after, then cover the matrix of 2 ~ 5mm above, with covered rearing with plastic film to keep moistening, to seed sprouting when 2 ~ 3 days, remove plastic film, keep moistening, substantial light according to and good ventilation condition.
In the methods of the invention, described vegetable seeds is the vegetable seeds of five types such as lettuce, romaine lettuce, celery, three-coloured amaranth, water spinach, and often kind of vegetable seeds have selected again not
Described lettuce class seed is selected from wild goose tail feather bamboo shoot, four seasons blinds, floral leaf bamboo shoot, Leaf lettuce and extension gardening leaf bamboo shoot seed.Described lettuce class seed is selected from Dutch purple leaf romaine lettuce, Korea S purple elegant romaine lettuce, nebula soft tail romaine lettuce, the large fast-growing of the U.S., bile ingredients and violet stock violet romaine lettuce seed.Described celery class seed is selected from U.S. celery, the sharp celery of the U.S. hundred, the crisp real celery of glass, U.S.'s texts and pictures draw celery, elite four seasons celery, great Ye celery, the white celery of Wang Jie, the four seasons little Sheep's-parsley, texts and pictures draw celery, Japanese little Sheep's-parsley seed.Described three-coloured amaranth class seed is selected from premium three-coloured amaranth, the white three-coloured amaranth of roundleaf, the green three-coloured amaranth in Taiwan, white leaf three-coloured amaranth, especially big leaf premium three-coloured amaranth and selected red three-coloured amaranth seed.Described water spinach seed be selected from spring state water spinach, great Ye water spinach, the spring state water spinach, refined salt leaf water spinach and Thailand's water spinach seed.
Above-mentioned each kind vegetable seeds is the seed that the seed sold in the market or the public can otherwise obtain, and such as described vegetable seeds is the seed sold by Vegetable & Flower Inst., Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science.
After acquisition seed, the processing method first adopting the art common to its seed disinfection, and then uses.Such as by bought seed at concentration 25 ~ 35%H by weight
2o
2soaking disinfection 10 ~ 15min in solution, then clean by deionized water, and then be positioned in culture matrix.
The culture matrix that the present invention uses is vermiculite.Vermiculite is the mica shape material that silicate material is formed after high-temperature heating, and it dries out rapidly and expands in heating process.Volume after expanding vermiculite is equivalent to 8 ~ 20 times of original volume, thus makes to which increase ventilating slit, improves water retention capacity.Vermiculite can provide the necessary moisture of plant growth and nutrition for a long time, effectively promotes the stable growth of the growth of root system of plant and seedling.In the method for the invention, the vermiculite as seedling medium is the vermiculite that granularity is less than 2mm.
Then, seed is spread in uniform in above vermiculite, then covers vermiculite thereon, as the covering of sowing.Here as covering use vermiculite with as well thicker, such as its granularity is 2 ~ 5mm.
(2) nutrient solution is prepared
Based on Hoagland nutrient solution prescription, regulate the addition of wherein phosphorus and iron two kinds of elements, add simultaneously or do not add natrium arsenicum, make that the phosphorus concentration in described nutrient solution reaches 4.65 ~ 10.85mg/L, concentration of iron reaches 4.19 ~ 9.77mg/L, V valency arsenic concentration reaches 4 ~ 8mg/L or is 0mg/L, thus obtains described containing arsenic nutrient solution or do not contain arsenic nutrient solution.
Described nutrient solution a kind ofly provides the preparation of required nutrient for vegetable growth, such as, provide the preparation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium macronutrient, Meso-and micro-nutrients.The nutrient solution prepared in the inventive method is based on general Hoagland nutrient solution.In the art, the formula of general Hoagland nutrient solution is as follows: nitrate of lime 945mg/L, potassium nitrate 607mg/L, ammonium phosphate 115mg/L, magnesium sulfate 493mg/L, iron salt solutions 2.5ml/L, micro-5ml/L.
The present inventor passes through system research, determining on the interactional basis of its phosphorus, iron and arsenic, in order to promote that crop is to the absorption of arsenic, use usual water-soluble phosphorous or iron fertilizer material to carry out corresponding adjustment to the phosphorus in general Hoagland nutrient solution, concentration of iron, make the concentration of phosphorus control to control at 4.19 ~ 9.77mg/L in the concentration of 4.65 ~ 10.85mg/L, iron.This phosphorus, concentration of iron index have very important effect for the efficiency and accuracy improving the screening of low absorption arsenic crop.
When preparing nutrient solution, use 0.1MNaOH or HCl solution that the pH value of described nutrient solution is adjusted to 6.0 ~ 6.6.
In order to rapid screening arsenic low absorption crop, need preparation containing arsenic nutrient solution, its preparation method adds natrium arsenicum in general Hoagland nutrient solution.Such as in order to inquire into the impact of arsenic on plant growth of variable concentrations, when preparing containing arsenic nutrient solution, in general Hoagland nutrient solution, add the natrium arsenicum of different amount, be 0 to obtain V valency arsenic concentration, 1,2,4,6,8,10,15mg/L containing arsenic nutrient solution.
(3) transplant
When vegetable seedling grows to 3 ~ 4 true leaves, select the seedling that growing way is close, by deionized water, the culture matrix that root system adheres to is rinsed well, and transplanting is prepared in the plastic bottle of the nutrient solution obtained to being equipped with 1.5L in step (2), transplants 4 strain seedling in each plastic bottle.
(4) seedling management
Between the culture period of step (3) transplanting seedling, within every 1 ~ 2 day, in plastic bottle, supplement a deionized water, make the cumulative volume of nutrient solution control, at about 1.5L, between this nursery stage, to change one time of nutrition liquid; Meanwhile, keep moistening, substantial light according to and good ventilation condition.
Between nursery stage, strict maintenance day temperature is 25 ~ 30 DEG C, nocturnal temperature is 15 ~ 25 DEG C, relative moisture is 65 ~ 75%.Seedling before transplanting, between nursery stage except use described do not water containing arsenic nutrient solution except, do not add any nutriment, only supplementary deionized water.
In step (4), between nursery stage, change once same nutrient solution when being cultured to the 25th day.
(5) gather in
Cultivate the cauline leaf and the root system that gather in vegetables after 30 ~ 45 days respectively, and clean by deionized water respectively, then blot residual water droplet with filter paper;
(6) arsenic content is measured
The plant cauline leaf of harvesting and root system are completed respectively at temperature 90 DEG C 1h, then temperature 70 C dry to constant weight, then weigh dry Plant weight, to determine its biomass; Then plant cauline leaf and root system are ground respectively and sieved by 1mm, adopt red fuming nitric acid (RFNA)+perchloric acid resolution method (Bai Lingyu etc., external source dimethyl arsenic is on the impact of growth of rape and Arsenic in Soil biological effectiveness, Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 22 (2), 437-441) clear up, then adopt atomic fluorescence spectrum to measure obtain in digestion solution arsenic content, and be scaled the arsenic content in this plant.
In the methods of the invention, described biomass refers to the total amount of organism contained by any space of a certain time limit, and what adopt here is dry weight, and its unit is g/ ㎡.
Described clearing up refers to by acid solution or alkali lye and the method for the organic matter destroyed in a heated condition in sample or reducing substances.Spendable digestion procedure is the method known by technical staff in the art, such as red fuming nitric acid (RFNA)+perchloric acid resolution method, red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) resolution method, nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide resolution method etc.
Atomic fluorescence spectrum is adopted to measure the arsenic content of this plant in the present invention.The principle of atomic fluorescence is that after atom vapor is subject to have the light source irradiation of characteristic wavelength, some of them free atom is excited and transits to higher energy state, then deactivates and gets back to a certain physical phenomenon of launching characteristic spectrum compared with lower state.Various element has its specific atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry, can record constituent content to be measured in sample according to the height of atomic fluorescence intensity.In the present invention, the atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer of use is the equipment commonly used in the art, and such as, by the HG-AFS9120 type product of the lucky instrument company in Beijing production and sales, it measures is carry out under the condition of this instrument specification explanation.
The present invention has been reported researcher and thinks and can filter out on the low basis absorbing vegetables of arsenic by ciltivating process, from the screening technique setting up a kind of low absorption arsenic vegetables simple and easy, efficient, free from environmental pollution, the relevant parameter of original research has been carried out system research and reset, make the party operate simpler, screening effeciency is higher, substantially do not produce containing arsenic waste solution, effectively reduce cost, decrease the discharge capacity of arsenic-containing waste water to environment.Meanwhile, according to result of the present invention, proposing for thinking poorly of the corresponding index absorbing crop, making result have operability.
Comparing in the relevant parameter that table 1 absorbs crop screening technique low for the present invention and existing result of study and evaluation effect etc.
Table 1 the present invention compares with existing achievement in research
(several leafy vegetable absorbs and the comparative studies of accumulation characteristics arsenic for the present invention and Mathieu etc., agro-environment science journal, 2013,32 (3): 485-490) method reported is compared, in relevant parameter and evaluation effect, have following essential distinction:
(1) in the report of Mathieu etc., the concentration system of phosphorus, iron prepares according to traditional Nourishing Formulations for Water Cultivation, then system research is passed through in the present invention, specify that on the interactional basis of phosphorus, iron and arsenic, for promoting that crop has carried out corresponding adjustment to the absorption of arsenic to the concentration of phosphorus, iron in solution, make it control at 4.65 ~ 10.85mg/L and 4.19 ~ 9.77mg/L respectively, the clear and definite efficiency and accuracy for improving the screening of low absorption arsenic crop of this index has very important effect; (2) frequency changed by the nutrient solution that Mathieu etc. adopt is weekly, and only change once between whole culture period in the present invention, so not only effectively can reduce workload, and considerably reduce generation and the discharge capacity of arsenic-containing waste water between culture period, avoid the secondary pollution that may cause; (3) the present invention is according to the difference of each crop species habit of growth, and adjustment incubation time is about 30 ~ 45 days, contributes to the crop varieties screening low absorption arsenic more exactly like this; (4) in the report method of Mathieu etc., arsenic concentration scope is 0 ~ 10mg/L, this is an arsenic concentration scope for the universality of different crops, in the present invention, the concentration level of arsenic is clearly then 4 ~ 8mg/L, this obtains have studied on the basis that different crops responds arsenic concentration, can filter out the crop of low absorption arsenic in this concentration range efficiently and accurately; (5) in the report method of Mathieu etc., the biomass just to each crop, arsenic content, the transfer ratio of arsenic and bio-concentration factor have carried out mutually comparing, and clearly do not propose the evaluation index of arsenic low absorption crop, do not have operability; Then clearly propose corresponding evaluation index in the present invention, that is: Tolerance index is greater than 90, overground part plant (cauline leaf, in fresh weight) arsenic content is less than 1.50mgkg
-1, concentration coefficient is less than 4.0.By above-mentioned evaluation index, the agrotype or kind with low absorption arsenic ability can be obtained accurately and rapidly.
[beneficial effect]
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The inventive method can filter out the crop with low absorption arsenic ability simpler and easy, efficiently and accurately, and drastically reduce the area in force and discharge the secondary pollution that may cause containing arsenic waste solution.
[accompanying drawing explanation]
Fig. 1 represents that in nutrient solution, V valency arsenic concentration is on the impact of 5 kinds of vegetable waste biomasss (fresh weight).
Wherein: 0,1,2,4,6,8,10 and 15 represent that the concentration of arsenic is respectively 0mgL respectively
-1, 1mgL
-1, 2mgL
-1, 4mgL
-1, 6mgL
-1, 8mgL
-1, 10mgL
-1and 15mgL
-1.
[embodiment]
The present invention can be understood better by following embodiment.
embodiment 1:
Select the vegetable seeds of 5 types such as lettuce, romaine lettuce, celery, three-coloured amaranth, water spinach bought from Vegetable & Flower Inst., Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, by bought seed through concentration 30%H by weight
2o
2clean by deionized water after soaking disinfection 10 ~ 15min, be positioned over nursery in the square position that vermiculite is housed, seed is spread in uniform in vermiculite surface, then covers granularity 2 ~ 5mm vermiculite above.Strict maintenance day temperature is 25 ~ 30 DEG C, nocturnal temperature is 15 ~ 25 DEG C, relative moisture is 65 ~ 75%.Any nutriment is not added, only supplementary deionized water during seed seedling-raising.
Seed sprouting also grows to out when revealing true leaf, with of the present invention not containing the pouring of arsenic nutrient solution, after launching completely to growth of seedling to the 3rd true leaf, select the seedling that growing way is close, by deionized water, the vermiculite that root adheres to is rinsed well, transplant to 1500ml the present invention being housed containing arsenic nutrient solution (for inquiring into variable concentrations arsenic to the impact of plant growth, in nutrient solution, the concentration of V valency arsenic is set to 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, in plastic bottle 15mg/L), pH value to 6.0 ~ 6.6 of nutrient solution are regulated with NaOH or HCl of 0.1M, 4 strain seedling are transplanted in each plastic bottle.When being cultured to the 25th day, upgrade once the nutrient solution containing above-mentioned variable concentrations V valency arsenic of the present invention.Nutrient solution reproducting periods, supplements the volume of solution in plastic bottle to 1500mL by deionized water in every 1 ~ 2 day.
After cultivation terminates, plant taken out respectively and cleans by deionized water, blot the water droplet remained on plant with filter paper, with small blade, cauline leaf and root being separated, and take rapidly the weight of its root system and cauline leaf.By the plant root after results and cauline leaf respectively at temperature 90 DEG C of 1h that complete, dry to constant weight at temperature 70 C, then take the Plant weight after oven dry respectively.According to the weight of plant cauline leaf and the change with V valency arsenic concentration in nutrient solution thereof, the susceptibility of different cultivars vegetables to arsenic can be distinguished.The result that in nutrient solution, different V valency arsenic concentration affects several vegetable waste biomass (fresh weight) is as accompanying drawing 1.
As can be seen from Figure 1, along with the increase of V valency arsenic concentration in nutrient solution under this experimental condition, all there is downward trend in various degree in the vine yield of several vegetables.5 kinds of vegetables are compared, the most responsive to the concentration of V valency arsenic in nutrient solution with three-coloured amaranth, along with its Stem-leaf biomass of increase of V valency arsenic concentration in nutrient solution declines more remarkable; Romaine lettuce is then more insensitive to the change of V valency arsenic concentration in nutrient solution, and the biomass of its cauline leaf increases with V valency arsenic concentration in nutrient solution and downward trend is not obvious.When the concentration of V valency arsenic in nutrient solution is at 4 ~ 6mg/L, the impact of V valency arsenic on vine yields such as lettuce, romaine lettuce, water spinach and celeries is relatively little; But when in nutrient solution, V valency arsenic concentration is increased to more than 8mg/L, then the vine yield of Vegetable starts the decline that occurs in various degree.Therefore, the angle never affecting yield of vegetables is considered, the most suitable when in nutrient solution, the concentration of V valency arsenic is defined as 4 ~ 8mg/L.
embodiment 2:
In order to carry out the screening study of low absorption crop under arsenic concentration the same terms further in nutrient solution, and take into account the absorptive amount, patience size etc. of dissimilar vegetables to arsenic simultaneously, on the basis of afore-mentioned test result, choosing V valency arsenic content is the cultivation that the nutrient solution of 4 ~ 8mg/L carries out various vegetables.
By aforementioned 5 class 32 kind vegetables, by method described in embodiment 1 by seed sprouting and after growing seedlings and launching completely to the 3rd true leaf, transplant to containing in the nutrient solution of the present invention of arsenic 6mg/L by the correlation technique of embodiment 1, observe the growing state of plant under arsenic stress conditions.During water planting, in the 25th day time, upgrade the nutrient solution containing arsenic 4 ~ 8mg/L prepared by a present invention.Nutrient solution reproducting periods, supplements the cumulative volume of solution in plastic bottle to 1500mL by deionized water in every 1 ~ 2 day.Cultivate and after 30 ~ 45 days, plant to be taken out respectively and to clean by deionized water, blot the water droplet remained on plant with filter paper, with small blade by cauline leaf and root separately, take rapidly the weight of each several part.Then, by the plant root after results, cauline leaf 90 DEG C of 1h that complete, 70 DEG C dry to constant weight, then take the plant each several part weight after oven dry respectively, the root of plant and cauline leaf ground respectively and after crossing 1mm plastic screen, preserves respectively and use as the analysis of plant arsenic content.Obtained related data is calculated the Tolerance index of various vegetables to V valency arsenic according to following method, that is:
Tolerance index=100 × (containing plant above ground portion weight in plant above ground portion weight/control treatment in arsenic process).
On aforementioned base, take 0.5g and grind and the plant sample crossing 1mm plastic screen, after clearing up according to correlation technique, measure the arsenic content in digestion solution by atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer, and be scaled the content at each position of plant.Based on the arsenic content of plant each position, according to the concentration coefficient of each kind vegetables of following formulae discovery to V valency arsenic in environment.
Bio-concentration factor (BCF)=[above-ground plant parts arsenic content]/[in nutrient solution V valency arsenic concentration].
In the present embodiment, according to above-mentioned formulae discovery 5 class, 32 kind vegetables to the Tolerance index of V valency arsenic, analyze measure gained vegetable waste in arsenic content (in fresh weight) and dissimilar and kind vegetables are as shown in table 1 to results such as the concentration coefficients of arsenic:
Table 1: dissimilar and kind vegetables are compared the Tolerance index of arsenic, cauline leaf arsenic content and the concentration coefficient to arsenic
As can be seen from table 1, dissimilar and kind vegetables are to the Tolerance index result of arsenic, the vegetables of dissimilar and identical type different cultivars differ greatly to the Tolerance index of V valency arsenic in nutrient solution, the vegetables of part kind to the Tolerance index of V valency arsenic even below 60.Dissimilar vegetables are compared, and the Tolerance index of romaine lettuce to V valency arsenic is maximum, and 5 kind romaine lettuce are to the Tolerance index of V valency arsenic all more than 94, and namely in nutrient solution, V valency arsenic content is little to its yield effect under this experimental condition; Secondly, the Tolerance index of lettuce to V valency arsenic is also larger.Then different because of the difference of vegetables to the gap of V valency arsenic Tolerance index between same type different cultivars vegetables, as the difference between different cultivars celery can more than 1 times, the gap between different cultivars water spinach and romaine lettuce is then less.Although seem to be difficult to judge which kind of crop belongs to arsenic low absorption crop only according to Tolerance index, because the low absorption arsenic of crop is an active process required the expenditure of energy, therefore, its amount of growth may be caused to decline containing during certain density arsenic in the environment; But not low absorption crop is then due to the arsenic that in body, easily accumulation is more, easily because arsenic too high levels causes poisoning and makes output significantly decline in body.Therefore, in the present invention, the Tolerance index of crop to V valency arsenic is greater than 90, namely its fractional yield reach more than 90% of contrast as one of index of selecting arsenic low absorption crop, its objective is that its output can be ensured accordingly while guarantee has low absorption to arsenic.
The arsenic content result of dissimilar and kind vegetable waste as can be seen from table 1, in dissimilar and kind vegetable waste there is larger difference in the content of arsenic.Compare between dissimilar vegetables, in lettuce and romaine lettuce cauline leaf, the content of arsenic is relatively low, namely the absorbing capacity of these two classes vegetables to V valency arsenic is lower, even but the different cultivars of these two classes vegetables, each other still larger difference is had to the absorbing capacity of V valency arsenic.As for lettuce, in elite wild goose tail feather bamboo shoot cauline leaf, the content of arsenic is relatively high, reaches 1.37mgkg
-1, and in the cauline leaf of four seasons blinds, the content of arsenic is lower is 0.94mgkg
-1.Because the present embodiment adopts the mode planting vegetable of water planting, V valency arsenic in nutrient solution is all available state and content is higher, according to comparison that is dissimilar in embodiment and different cultivars vegetables related data, and in conjunction with inventor's correlative study result before this, the arsenic content of plant cauline leaf is less than 1.50mgkg
-1as determining whether arsenic is one of index of low absorption crop.
As can be seen from table 1, dissimilar and kind vegetables are to the concentration coefficient result of arsenic, and dissimilar, the concentration coefficient of different cultivars vegetables to V valency arsenic exists larger difference.According to correlated results Integrated comparative, the concentration coefficient of lettuce class crop to V valency arsenic is minimum, but different between different cultivars, and wherein, the concentration coefficient of elite wild goose tail feather bamboo shoot to V valency arsenic be maximum, be 3.43, and the concentration coefficient of four seasons blinds to arsenic be minimum, be 2.34; Three-coloured amaranth, the romaine lettuce concentration coefficient to V valency arsenic is also less, wherein romaine lettuce all below 5.0, three-coloured amaranth below 8.0, but interracial difference is also more remarkable; The concentration coefficient of water spinach to V valency arsenic is then maximum in the present embodiment all types vegetables, and each kind is all more than 15.0 and each other difference is less.According to the analysis to the present embodiment result, concentration coefficient is less than 4.0 as determining whether to absorb one of index of crop for arsenic is low by us.
embodiment 3:
For verifying the goodness of fit of relevant parameter and the actual conditions proposed in the embodiment of the present invention 2, and whether determined parameter is suitable etc., according to the correlated results of previous embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, have selected and 5 kinds of vegetables that accumulation ability differs greatly are absorbed to arsenic carry out pot experiment.The higher soil of arsenic content is gathered, through natural air drying, pulverizing for subsequent use after crossing 2mm nylon mesh from shimen Hunan arsenic disulfide periphery.Supply examination soil to be river drift parent material development, its basic physical and chemical is: CEC13.4cmolkg
-1, organic 13.7gkg
-1, full nitrogen 1.02gkg
-1, full phosphorus 0.96gkg
-1, full potassium 13.4gkg
-1, pH value (Tu Shui is than 1:2.5) 6.28, the full arsenic 45.67mgkg of soil
-1, effective arsenic 1.27mgkg
-1.The full arsenic content of this soil exceedes the III level (40mgkg of country " standard of soil environment quality (GB15618-1995) "
-1) standard.For trying soil before dress basin according to N:P
2o
5: K
2o=0.15:0.18:0.12gkg
-1amount add NH respectively
4cl, KH
2pO
4and K
2sO
4as base fertilizer, add appropriate amount of deionized water to make it moistening and place a period of time to make after its natural air drying Homogeneous phase mixing again, according to the amount of every basin 2.50kg, the above-mentioned soil handled well is loaded in the plastic basin of diameter 150mm, high 150mm, and add deionized water respectively according to 70% of field capacity, transplant vegetables again after at room temperature cultivating 2 weeks.
Test selects the U.S.'s texts and pictures in above-mentioned dissimilar and kind vegetables to draw celery, elite four seasons celery, four seasons blinds (lettuce), Korea S purple elegant romaine lettuce, great Ye water spinach 5 kinds, arsenic content and differing greatly to indexs such as the concentration coefficients of arsenic in these 5 kinds of vegetable plant strain cauline leafs.Being sowed by vegetable seeds according to the method in previous embodiment 1 and be cultured to the 3rd true leaf when launching completely, select seedling replanting that growing way is consistent in above-mentioned ready plastic basin, 4 strain vegetable seedlings transplanted by every basin.Duration of test conventionally waters and manages, the overground part (cauline leaf) of harvested vegetable after growing to 45 days, after it being cleaned up respectively, weighs, 105 DEG C of 15min that complete, then 75 DEG C of low temperature dryings, then takes the weight after oven dry respectively.Overground part after drying is ground respectively, crosses 1mm nylon mesh, measures its arsenic content according to correlation technique.Above-mentioned often kind of vegetables all plant 4 repetitions.Table 2 is biomass (dry weight) result of 5 kinds of vegetable wastes in the present embodiment.
Table 2: for examination 5 kinds of vegetables the upperground part biomass (dry weight)
From the result of upper table, various vegetables, due to its growth characteristics, to the absorption of arsenic and the adaptive capacity reasons such as there is some difference, cause its growth and the upperground part biomass also to occur different.Wherein, the biomass of great Ye water spinach and elite four seasons celery overground part is higher, and all the other 3 kinds of vegetables are then lower.But from entirety, between each repetition of often kind of vegetables, the difference of the upperground part biomass is less.
According to the analysis result of each process overground part Plant samples, the arsenic content in above-mentioned 5 kinds of vegetable field tops (cauline leaf) is as shown in table 3.
Table 3: the arsenic content (being basis by fresh) on pot experiment different cultivars vegetable field top
From the results shown in Table 3, the arsenic content on 5 kinds of vegetable field tops of planting is widely different, reaches 2.76mgkg in the highest great Ye water spinach
-1, content minimum four seasons then only 0.30mgkg in blinds lettuce
-1.And in above-mentioned 5 kinds of vegetables, for meeting simultaneously, 90 be greater than to the Tolerance index of V valency arsenic, plant above ground portion arsenic content is less than 1.50mgkg
-1, concentration coefficient is less than the four seasons blinds lettuce of 4.0 3 indexs, the purple elegant romaine lettuce of Korea S, although exceed country " standard of soil environment quality (GB15618-1995) " III level (≤40mgkg at arsenic content
-1) soil in plant, but the arsenic content of its harvested product (acrial part) is still at the safety value (≤0.5mgkg of " national food safety standard-pollutants in food limitation (GB2762-2012) "
-1) in scope, namely can ensure that produced agricultural product meet relevant national standard.But all can not meet other 3 kinds of vegetables of above-mentioned three indexs, the arsenic content of its harvested product (acrial part) is then significantly more than the safety value (≤0.5mgkg of " national food safety standard-pollutants in food limitation (GB2762-2012) "
-1) scope, namely produced product does not reach relevant national standard, can not be used for planting in the larger farmland of arsenic in soil content more high or ultra mark risk.Therefore, the These parameters of the screening arsenic proposed in the present invention low absorption crop is suitable.
Claims (6)
1. utilize a method for ciltivating process rapid screening arsenic low absorption crop, it is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
(1) sow
Vegetable seeds is evenly placed on culture matrix, add a small amount of deionized water moistening after, then cover 2 ~ 5mm matrix above, with covered rearing with plastic film to keep moistening, to seed sprouting when 2 ~ 3 days, remove plastic film; Described vegetable seeds is lettuce, romaine lettuce, celery, three-coloured amaranth or water spinach seed; Described culture matrix is that granularity is less than the vermiculite of 2mm, perlite or polyurethane culture matrix;
(2) nutrient solution is prepared
Based on Hoagland nutrient solution prescription, regulate the addition of wherein phosphorus and iron two kinds of elements, add simultaneously or do not add natrium arsenicum, make that the phosphorus concentration in described nutrient solution reaches 4.65 ~ 10.85mg/L, concentration of iron reaches 4.19 ~ 9.77mg/L, V valency arsenic concentration reaches 4 ~ 8mg/L or is 0mg/L, thus obtains containing arsenic nutrient solution or not containing arsenic nutrient solution;
(3) transplant
When vegetable seedling grows to 3 ~ 4 true leaves, select the seedling that growing way is close, by deionized water, the culture matrix that root system adheres to is rinsed well, and transplanting is prepared in the plastic bottle of the nutrient solution obtained to being equipped with 1.5L in step (2), transplants 4 strain seedling in each plastic bottle;
(4) seedling management
Between the culture period of step (3) transplanting seedling, within every 1 ~ 2 day, in plastic bottle, supplement a deionized water, make the cumulative volume of nutrient solution control, at about 1.5L, between this nursery stage, to change one time of nutrition liquid; Meanwhile, keep moistening, substantial light according to and good ventilation condition;
(5) gather in
Cultivate the cauline leaf and the root system that gather in vegetables after 30 ~ 45 days respectively, and clean by deionized water respectively, then blot residual water droplet with filter paper;
(6) arsenic content is measured
The plant cauline leaf of harvesting and root system are completed respectively at temperature 90 DEG C 1h, then temperature 70 C dry to constant weight, then weigh dry Plant weight, to determine its biomass; Then plant cauline leaf and root system ground respectively and sieved by 1mm, adopting red fuming nitric acid (RFNA)+perchloric acid resolution method to clear up, then adopt atomic fluorescence spectrum to measure obtain in digestion solution arsenic content, and be scaled the arsenic content in this plant.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described vegetable seeds is at concentration 25 ~ 35%H by weight
2o
2soaking disinfection 10 ~ 15min in solution, then clean by deionized water.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that in step (1), and strict maintenance day temperature is 25 ~ 30 DEG C, nocturnal temperature is 15 ~ 25 DEG C, relative moisture is 65 ~ 75%.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that in step (2), uses 0.1MNaOH or HCl solution that the pH value of described nutrient solution is adjusted to 6.0 ~ 6.6.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that seedling before transplanting, between nursery stage except use described do not water containing arsenic nutrient solution except, do not add any nutriment, only supplementary deionized water.
6. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that in step (4), between nursery stage, change one time of nutrition liquid when being cultured to the 25th day.
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