CN107047264B - A method of arsenic low absorption crop is quickly screened using segmentation water culture - Google Patents
A method of arsenic low absorption crop is quickly screened using segmentation water culture Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of using the segmentation water culture method of quickly screening arsenic low absorption crop, and this method includes sowing, prepares nutrient solution, transplanting, cultivates, being further cultured for and post-treating and other steps.The method of the present invention can apply to the screening of arsenic low absorption crop, with versatility, screened arsenic low absorption crop has highly important application and promotional value in the possible exceeded high-risk area of soil arsenic content, arsenic mild or moderate contaminated area, has significant society and economy, ecological benefits.
Description
[technical field]
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology.More particularly it relates to a kind of quick using segmentation water culture
The method for screening arsenic low absorption crop.
[background technique]
The screening and utilization of heavy metal low absorption crop are ensure crop production safety in heavy metal pollution arable land ten
Divide one of important and lower-cost measure.Currently, China arable land Heavy Metal Pollution allows of no optimist, and high risk area ploughs
Ground content of beary metal is exceeded serious, and the content of beary metal that main producing region also has part to plough is exceeded, according to environmental protection in April, 2014
Portion, Ministry of Land and Resources's " national Soil Pollution Investigation bulletin ", the national total exceeding standard rate of soil is 16.1%, wherein slightly, gently
Degree, moderate and serious pollution point ratio are respectively 11.2%, 2.3%, 1.5% and 1.1%, pollution type with inorganic type (i.e.
Heavy metal) based on, the 82.8% of all exceeded points is accounted for, wherein arsenic point exceeding standard rate is 2.7%, occupies third in pollutant
Position.Situation of ploughing is also pessimistic, and point exceeding standard rate is 19.4%, wherein slightly, slightly, moderate and serious pollution point ratio
Respectively 13.7%, 2.8%, 1.8% and 1.1%, major pollutants are cadmium, nickel, copper, arsenic, mercury, lead, DDT and polycyclic virtue
Hydrocarbon.Influence due to arsenic to human health is most noticeable heavy metal element in addition to cadmium considerably beyond nickel and copper.
Plant heavy metal low absorption crop, be the currently generally acknowledged important measures that heavy metal pollution achilles tendon tear is utilized it
One.But since China's heavy metal pollution achilles tendon tear production relation technological researching is started late, basis is relatively weak, mesh
The preceding low absorption crop screened and applied is less, lacks unified screening technique, and is that difference is planted under field condition mostly
Crop, by measuring last uptake, plant in-vivo content etc. as a result, and calculating corresponding uptake, transfer and enrichment and being
The indexs such as number, determine whether corresponding crop is low absorption crop with this.This method there are apparent limitation, such as spend it is big,
Time is long and experimental condition is difficult to control etc., result error brought by especially big Tanaka's arsenic nonunf ormity etc., seriously
Affect the judgement to screening crop.Therefore, arsenic low absorption crop is few in the application of agricultural production in practice, seriously limits
Arsenic is exceeded and mild or moderate pollution arable land in agricultural product safety in production.
In the screening of heavy metal low absorption crop, the most key problem is the screening of heavy metal low absorption crop and identification side
The foundation of law system, although the present inventor is having been developed that a kind of technology using ciltivating process screening arsenic low absorption crop before this
And obtain national inventing patent, but screening time it is still longer and formed arsenious waste solution is more, higher cost, workload also
It is larger, therefore, there is an urgent need to established on the basis of existing it is a kind of more quickly, accuracy it is higher, especially arsenious waste solution generate
It measures less, the method for effect on environment smaller screening and identification arsenic low absorption crop, the popularization of heavy metal low absorption crop is promoted to answer
With and generate due benefit.
[summary of the invention]
[technical problems to be solved]
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods for quickly screening arsenic low absorption crop using segmentation water culture.
[technical solution]
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
The present invention relates to a kind of methods for quickly screening arsenic low absorption crop using segmentation water culture.The step of this method, is such as
Under:
A, it sows
Allow H of the crop seeds by weight 10~32%2O210~15min of soaking disinfection in solution is separated, disinfection
Crop seeds rinsed with deionized water, be then put into diameter less than 2mm general vermiculite-turf culture substrate on, spend
Ionized water keeps culture substrate and crop seeds wet, and then, face covers one layer of culture substrate on them, then covers one
Layer plastic film makes the culture substrate and seed keep wet, is then placed at 24~26 DEG C of temperature 2~3 days, allows crops
Germination removes plastic film, keeps sufficient illumination, well-ventilated and maintains culture substrate wet；
B, it transplants
When crop seedling grows to 3~4 true leaves, the seedling for selecting growing way almost the same is washed with deionized water attached
The culture substrate on crop seedling root, place into the plastic foamboard with circular hole, in each hole transplant crop seedling；So
Allow crop seedling in diurnal temperature in the Hoagland nutrient solution that depth in plastic channel is 20cm its global transfer afterwards
To be cultivated in 18 DEG C~25 DEG C of greenhouses with relative humidity 60%-70%；
C, it cultivates
During culture crop early period, daily toward being continuously passed through sky with 10~30L/min of flow velocity in Hoagland nutrient solution
Gas 15~30 minutes, while deionized water is supplemented, so that the depth of the nutrient solution is maintained at 20cm, cultivates 2 weeks in this way；
Then, in this way cultivate after nutrient solution disposably with new Hoagland nutrient solution replace, then diurnal temperature be 18 DEG C~25
DEG C with continue culture 4~6 weeks in the greenhouse of relative humidity 60%-70%；Then, the nutrient solution after cultivating so is all used
Pure water displacement, then diurnal temperature be 18 DEG C~25 DEG C of greenhouses with relative humidity 60%-70% in continue to cultivate, from
It is just replaced once with new pure water within every 2~3 days after this, repeats in this way 4~6 days, be in crop plant
Nutrient depletion state；
D, nutrient solution containing arsenic is prepared
Natrium arsenicum is added into the Hoagland nutrient solution that concentration is Hoagland nutrient solution concentration 1/2, makes the nutrient solution
In arsenic concentration reach 5~20mg/L, to obtain the Hoagland nutrient solution containing arsenic；
E, it is further cultured for
Selection is almost the same in the growing way that step C is cultivated and is in the crop plant of nutrient depletion state, is transplanted to foam
In the circular hole of plastic plate, then its entirety is placed into equipped with 2000ml in the step D nutrient solution of Hoagland containing arsenic prepared
In square plastic culture tank, it is further cultured for 4~10 days, in the training period, contains arsenic with past when afternoon 4~5 at the morning 9~10 daily
Air is passed through in Hoagland nutrient solution 15~30 minutes, while supplement deionized water is primary daily, to keep nutrient solution overall
Product is 2000ml；
F, it post-processes
After being further cultured for, crop plant is gathered in respectively according to aerial part and under ground portion, is washed with deionized water
Only, residual water droplet is blotted with filter paper；Then, the plant part of harvesting is finished 1h at 90 DEG C of temperature, then in temperature 70 C
Lower drying to constant weight, and weighing determines biomass；Meanwhile grinding crop plant respectively, 1mm sieve is crossed, using the high chlorine of concentrated nitric acid-
Sour digestion procedure is cleared up, then using the arsenic content in atomic fluorescence spectrum measurement digestion solution, and is scaled at this
Arsenic content in plant；At the same time, the nutrient solution after acquisition is cultivated in this way in square plastic culture tank, measures the culture
The arsenic content of liquid.
A preferred embodiment of the invention, in step, the grain of the general vermiculite-turf culture substrate
Degree is less than 2mm.
According to another preferred method of implementation of the present invention, in step, the culture substrate coating with a thickness of 2
~5mm.
According to another preferred method of implementation of the present invention, in stepb, in the culture medium for removing attachment with deionized water
After matter, wrapped up in the intersection of seedling root and leaf with disinfection cotton or sponge.
According to another preferred method of implementation of the present invention, in stepb, the thickness of plastic foamboard be 1.4~
70~90cmm of 1.5cm, 55~65cm of width and length；The diameter of circular hole is 1.2~1.8cm.
According to another preferred method of implementation of the present invention, in stepb, 1 plant of crop seedling is transplanted in each circular hole.
According to another preferred method of implementation of the present invention, in step C, the flow velocity for being passed through air is 10~30L/min.
According to another preferred method of implementation of the present invention, in step E, the work cultivated in each square plastic culture tank
Object plant is 4 plants.
According to another preferred method of implementation of the present invention, in step E, the flow velocity for being passed through air is 0.2~0.5L/
min。
According to another preferred method of implementation of the present invention, in step F, the crop plant of harvesting is washed with deionized water
Only, then with filter paper blot remaining water droplet.
The present invention is described in more detail below.
The present invention provides a kind of method for screening arsenic low absorption crop by segmentation water planting, and this method is in traditional crop
On the basis of water planting, according to the result of study of inventor's early period, its nutrient growth is set to reach one crop utilization tradition ciltivating process
It,, will after so that crop is cultivated a period of time in nutrient solution containing arsenic by adding suitable natrium arsenicum in nutrient solution after determining the stage
It harvests and measures the arsenic content in plant and root system, arsenic content in nutrient solution etc. simultaneously, calculates phase according to measurement result
Parameter is closed, in this, as the foundation for determining low absorption crop.This method can apply to the screening of arsenic low absorption crop, have general
Property, and breakneck acceleration is fast, accuracy is high, generation arsenious waste solution is few, effect on environment is small, cost is greatly lowered, and filters out
Arsenic low absorption crop soil arsenic content may be exceeded high-risk area, arsenic mild or moderate contaminated area have highly important answer
With and promotional value, there is significant society and economy, ecological benefits.
The present invention relates to a kind of methods for quickly screening arsenic low absorption crop using segmentation water culture.The step of this method, is such as
Under:
A, it sows
Allow H of the crop seeds by weight 10~32%2O210~15min of soaking disinfection in solution is separated, disinfection
Crop seeds rinsed with deionized water, be then put into diameter less than 2mm general vermiculite-turf culture substrate on, spend
Ionized water keeps culture substrate and crop seeds wet, and then, face covers one layer of culture substrate on them, then covers one
Layer plastic film makes the culture substrate and seed keep wet, is then placed at 24~26 DEG C of temperature 2~3 days, allows crops
Germination removes plastic film, keeps sufficient illumination, well-ventilated and maintains culture substrate wet；
In the present invention, the crop seeds be primarily referred to as wheat, rice, corn, sorghum, soybean, peanut, sesame,
The seed of the crops such as pea, semen viciae fabae, beet.
In the present invention, the general vermiculite-turf culture substrate is the commercially available vermiculite and turf for being less than 2mm by granularity
It is mixed according to weight ratio 1:1, the matrix that this method is prepared both had avoided single vermiculite and lacked organic matter and nutrient, base
The problems such as matter is really up to the mark, in turn avoids that single turf is excessively loose, water absorption is excessive leads to problems such as crop seed not germinate.In this way
The matrix of preparation is the matrix being commonly used in current agricultural experiment, it is ensured that crop seed is normally emerged and seedling normally gives birth to
It is long.
General vermiculite-turf culture substrate granularity that the present invention uses is less than 2mm.
According to the present invention, cover culture substrate with a thickness of 2~5mm.If this thickness is more than the thickness range,
May cause seed cannot be completely covered or be covered by matrix blocked up, and seed cannot be fully absorbed moisture and nutrient in matrix
And influence its germination and normal growth etc..
B, it transplants
When crop seedling grows to 3~4 true leaves, the seedling for selecting growing way almost the same is washed with deionized water attached
The culture substrate on crop seedling root, place into the plastic foamboard with circular hole, in each hole transplant crop seedling；So
Allow crop seedling in diurnal temperature in the Hoagland nutrient solution that depth in plastic channel is 20cm its global transfer afterwards
To be cultivated in 18 DEG C~25 DEG C of greenhouses with relative humidity 60%-70%；
In the art, the Hoagland nutrient solution is a kind of conventional nutrient solution, it contains 945mg/L nitric acid
Calcium, 607mg/L potassium nitrate, 115mg/L ammonium phosphate, 493mg/L magnesium sulfate, 2.5ml/L iron salt solutions and 5ml/L micronutrient member
Element.
In the present invention, seedling is after the culture substrate for removing attachment with deionized water, in the intersection of seedling root and leaf
It is to be fixed on crop seedling preferably on plastic foamboard with disinfection cotton or sponge wrapping, the purpose handled in this way, and not
Influence the growth of crop.Seedling is put into the plastic foamboard with circular hole again, 1 plant of crop seedling is transplanted in each hole.
The step is 70~90cmm of 1.4~1.5cm, 55~65cm of width and length using the thickness of plastic foamboard；
The diameter of circular hole is 1.2~1.8cm.
The step is 72~92cm, 57~67cm of width and 25~28cm of height using the length of plastic channel.
C, it cultivates
During culture crop early period, daily toward being continuously passed through sky with 10~30L/min of flow velocity in Hoagland nutrient solution
Gas 15~30 minutes, while deionized water is supplemented, so that the depth of the nutrient solution is maintained at 20cm, cultivates 2 weeks in this way；
Then, in this way cultivate after nutrient solution disposably with new Hoagland nutrient solution replace, then diurnal temperature be 18 DEG C~25
DEG C with continue culture 4~6 weeks in the greenhouse of relative humidity 60%-70%；Then, the nutrient solution after cultivating so is all used
Pure water displacement, then diurnal temperature be 18 DEG C~25 DEG C of greenhouses with relative humidity 60%-70% in continue to cultivate, from
It is just replaced once with new pure water within every 2~3 days after this, repeats in this way 4~6 days, be in crop plant
Nutrient depletion state；
In this step, early period is cultivated by the way of supplementing deionized water and being passed through air, and mid-term uses one
The mode of secondary replacement nutrient solution is cultivated, and the later period was cultivated by the way of replacement pure water using every 2~3 days, this culture
The basic object of mode is the needs for guaranteeing to meet plant growth to nutrient in early period and mid-term, to plant growth to certain phase
It carries out before absorbing arsenic culture, so that crop is in nutrient depletion state using pure Aquaponic.
This training method be it is actually rare in the prior art, the result of study of the present inventor shows this training method
Absorption arsenic culture is carried out for the later period and has established preferable basis, so that the later period is absorbed arsenic culture experiment and is obtained unexpected technology effect
Fruit, referring specifically to subordinate list 1 of the invention.
D, nutrient solution containing arsenic is prepared
Natrium arsenicum is added into the Hoagland nutrient solution that concentration is Hoagland nutrient solution concentration 1/2, makes the nutrient solution
In arsenic concentration reach 5~20mg/L, to obtain the Hoagland nutrient solution containing arsenic；
E, it is further cultured for
Selection is almost the same in the growing way that step C is cultivated and is in the crop plant of nutrient depletion state, is transplanted to foam
In the circular hole of plastic plate, then its entirety is placed into equipped with 2000ml in the step D nutrient solution of Hoagland containing arsenic prepared
In square plastic culture tank, it is further cultured for 4~10 days, in the training period, contains arsenic with past when afternoon 4~5 at the morning 9~10 daily
Air is passed through in Hoagland nutrient solution 15~30 minutes, while supplement deionized water is primary daily, to keep nutrient solution overall
Product is 2000ml；
In this step, it is in basic guarantee crop using the purpose of the above-mentioned nutrient solution of Hoagland containing arsenic to nutrient
On the basis of absorption, the concentration of arsenic in solution is increased, indirectly to improve the speed that crop absorbs arsenic.Certainly, contain arsenic
Hoagland nutrient solution total volume can carry out appropriate adjustment, e.g. 1500ml or 2000ml etc. according to the actual situation.
Preferably, the flow velocity for being passed through air is 0.2~0.5L/min.
The plastic foamboard that the step uses is the plastic foamboard of thickness 1.0cm, length and each 10cm of width, in the plate
4 circular holes of even distribution, each Circularhole diameter is 2cm.
The square plastic culture tank that the step uses is the culture tank of a kind of long 10cm, width 10cm, high 24cm, is filled in slot
There is the nutrient solution of Hoagland containing arsenic in step D preparation.
Certainly, the size of the step uses plastic foamboard and square plastic culture tank can according to actual needs into
Row appropriate adjustment.
Normally, the crop plant cultivated in each square plastic culture tank is 4 plants.
F, it post-processes
After being further cultured for, crop plant is gathered in respectively according to aerial part and under ground portion, is washed with deionized water
Only, residual water droplet is blotted with filter paper；Then, the plant part of harvesting is finished 1h at 90 DEG C of temperature, then in temperature 70 C
Lower drying to constant weight, and weighing determines biomass；Meanwhile grinding crop plant respectively, 1mm sieve is crossed, using the high chlorine of concentrated nitric acid-
Sour digestion procedure is cleared up, then using the arsenic content in atomic fluorescence spectrum measurement digestion solution, and is scaled at this
Arsenic content in plant；At the same time, the nutrient solution after acquisition is cultivated in this way in square plastic culture tank, measures the culture
The arsenic content of liquid.
In the methods of the invention, the biomass refers to the practical biomass of single plant plant growth in culture period, i.e., with
The plant dry weight of g/ plants of expressions.
The resolution refers to acid solution or lye and destroys organic matter or reproducibility object in sample in a heated condition
The method of matter.The digestion procedure that the present invention uses is method known to those skilled in the art, such as concentrated nitric acid+perchloric acid
Resolution method, concentrated nitric acid resolution method, nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide resolution method etc..
In the present invention, using the conventional atom fluorescence spectrophotometry plant arsenic content and culture solution arsenic concentration.
In the present invention, the plant arsenic content and culture solution arsenic concentration obtained according to the following equation by measurement calculates crop plant
Bio-concentration factor (BCF) of the strain to arsenic enrichment:
BCF=[above-ground plant parts arsenic content]/[nutrient solution arsenic concentration].
It can quickly determine crop to the absorbability of arsenic according to the bio-concentration factor (BCF) that arsenic is enriched with.
Water planting of the present invention screening arsenic low absorption crop method can more rapidly, more efficient, more inexpensive screening arsenic low absorption
Crop, and generation and discharge amount, reduction that the culture solution containing arsenic is greatly reduced promote low absorption crop to the pollution risk of environment
In the exceeded extensive use in farmland of arsenic.
[beneficial effect]
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the method for the present invention can apply to the screening of arsenic low absorption crop, there is versatility, institute
Screening arsenic low absorption crop has highly important in the possible exceeded high-risk area of soil arsenic content, arsenic mild or moderate contaminated area
Using and promotional value, there is significant society and ecology, economic benefit.
[specific embodiment]
It will be better understood that the present invention by following embodiments.
Embodiment 1: the present invention quickly screens arsenic low absorption celery using segmentation water culture
The implementation steps of the embodiment are as follows:
A, it sows
Allow the celery seed (the white celery kind in the U.S.) bought from Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences's correlative study in concentration for weight
The H of meter 10%2O2Soaking disinfection 15min in solution, separation, the celery seed of disinfection are rinsed with deionized water, are then put into grain
On general vermiculite-turf culture substrate of the degree less than 2mm, keep culture substrate and celery seed wet with deionized water, then at it
Above covering a layer thickness be 2mm culture substrate, then with plastic film cover to keep the culture substrate and celery
Seed is wet, is then kept for 2 days at 24 DEG C of temperature, Germination of Celery Seeds, raises plastic film, keeps illumination abundance, ventilation
Well and maintain culture substrate wet；
B, it transplants
When celery growth of seedling to 3~4 true leaves, the celery seedling for selecting growing way almost the same is washed with deionized water
Culture substrate of the attachment removal on celery seedling root, then in the disinfection cotton wrapping of the intersection of celery seedling root and leaf, then put
Enter with a thickness of 1.0cm, long 80cm, wide 60cm and be uniformly distributed in the plastic foamboard of 100 diameter 2.0cm circular holes, each
1 plant of celery seedling is transplanted in hole；Then it will be 20cm, contain 945mg/L in depth by its global transfer in plastic channel
Calcium nitrate, 607mg/L potassium nitrate, 115mg/L ammonium phosphate, 493mg/L magnesium sulfate, 2.5ml/L iron salt solutions and the micro battalion of 5ml/L
Support element Hoagland nutrient solution in, allow crop seedling diurnal temperature be 18 DEG C~25 DEG C with relative humidity 60%-70%
Greenhouse in cultivated；
C, it cultivates
During culture celery early period, daily toward being continuously passed through sky with 10~30L/min of flow velocity in Hoagland nutrient solution
Gas 15~30 minutes, while deionized water is supplemented, so that the depth of the nutrient solution is maintained at 20cm；It cultivates 2 weeks in this way；
Then, in this way cultivate after nutrient solution disposably with new Hoagland nutrient solution replace, then diurnal temperature be 18 DEG C~25
DEG C with continue in the greenhouse of relative humidity 60%-70% culture 4 weeks；Then, the nutrient solution after cultivating in this way is all with pure
Water purification displacement, then diurnal temperature be 18 DEG C~25 DEG C of greenhouses with relative humidity 60%-70% in continue to cultivate, from this
Later every 2 days displacement pure water are primary, repeat 4 days in this way, celery plant is made to be in nutrient depletion state；
D, nutrient solution containing arsenic is prepared
Natrium arsenicum is added into the Hoagland nutrient solution that concentration is Hoagland nutrient solution concentration 1/2, is made in nutrient solution
The concentration of arsenic reaches 10mg/L, to obtain the Hoagland nutrient solution containing arsenic；
E, it is further cultured for
Selection is almost the same in the growing way that step C is cultivated and is in the celery plant of nutrient depletion state, is transplanted to thickness
1.0cm, length and wide each 10cm are simultaneously uniformly distributed in the circular hole of plastic foamboard of 4 diameter 2cm circular holes, then put its entirety
It sets and is trained equipped with 2000ml in the long 10cm, width 10cm, high 24cm square plastic of the step D nutrient solution of Hoagland containing arsenic prepared
It supports in slot, is further cultured for 8 days, in the training period, daily respectively at the morning 9 and when afternoon 4 into the nutrient solution of Hoagland containing arsenic
Air is passed through 15~30 minutes, while supplement deionized water is primary daily, to keep nutrient solution total volume for 2000ml；
G, it post-processes
After being further cultured for, celery plant is gathered in respectively according to aerial part and under ground portion, is washed with deionized water
Only, residual water droplet is blotted with filter paper；Then, the celery plant part of harvesting is finished 1h at 90 DEG C of temperature, then in temperature
Drying to constant weight at 70 DEG C, and weighing determines biomass；Meanwhile grinding celery plant different piece respectively, 1mm sieve is crossed, is used
Concentrated nitric acid-perchloric acid digestion procedure is cleared up, then using the arsenic content in atomic fluorescence spectrum measurement digestion solution, and
The arsenic content being scaled in the plant.At the same time, the culture solution in square plastic culture tank is acquired, the culture solution is measured
Arsenic content.
The celery plant arsenic content and culture solution arsenic concentration obtained according to the following equation by measurement calculates celery plant pair
The bio-concentration factor (BCF) of arsenic enrichment:
BCF=[above-ground plant parts arsenic content]/[nutrient solution arsenic concentration].
Celery plant arsenic content, culture solution arsenic concentration and the bio-concentration factor (BCF) of measurement are listed in Table 1 below together.
Comparative example 1: the method for existing screening arsenic low absorption crop
The embodiment of the comparative example is identical as 1 embodiment of embodiment, and only embodiment 1 is to make celery plant first
It is cultivated in the Hoagland nutrient solution without arsenic, then with pure Aquaponic, then again in the nutrient solution containing arsenic of 10mg/L arsenic
Culture.Comparative example 1 was cultivated in the nutrient solution of Hoagland containing arsenic that arsenic concentration is 10mg/L in the time of infertility.It presses
Arsenic content, culture solution arsenic concentration according to 1 measuring method of embodiment measurement celery plant, and determine bio-concentration factor (BCF), this
A little results are also listed in Table 1 below together.
Embodiment 2: the present invention quickly screens arsenic low absorption wheat using segmentation water culture
The implementation steps of the embodiment are as follows:
A, it sows
Allow the wheat seed (31 kind of Xu wheat) bought from Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences's correlative study in concentration for weight
Count 30%H2O2Soaking disinfection 12min in aqueous solution, separation, the wheat seed of disinfection are rinsed with deionized water, are then put into granularity
On general vermiculite-turf culture substrate less than 2mm, keep culture substrate and wheat seed wet with deionized water, then at them
The culture substrate that covering a layer thickness is 5mm above, is then covered with plastic film to keep the culture substrate and Wheat Species
Son is wet, is then kept for 3 days at 25 DEG C of temperature, wheat seed germinating, raises plastic film, keeps illumination abundance, ventilation good
It gets well and maintains culture substrate wet；
B, it transplants
When wheat seedling growth to 3~4 true leaves, the wheat seedling for selecting growing way almost the same is washed with deionized water
Culture substrate of the attachment removal on Wheat Seedling Roots, then in the disinfection cotton wrapping of the intersection of Wheat Seedling Roots and leaf, be put into
On thickness 1.5cm, length 60cm and width 80cm plastic foamboard in 100 equally distributed diameter 2cm circular holes；Each hole
1 plant of wheat seedling of interior transplanting；Then it will be 20cm, contain 945mg/L nitre in depth by its global transfer in plastic channel
Sour calcium, 607mg/L potassium nitrate, 115mg/L ammonium phosphate, 493mg/L magnesium sulfate, 2.5ml/L iron salt solutions and 5ml/L micronutrient
In the Hoagland nutrient solution of element, allow wheat seedling in the temperature of 18 DEG C~25 DEG C of diurnal temperature and relative humidity 60%-70%
It is cultivated in the greenhouse of room；
C, it cultivates
During culture wheat early period, toward Hoagland nutrient solution in air is passed through continuously with flow velocity 24103016L/min
20301525 minutes, and deionized water is supplemented, so that the depth of the nutrient solution is maintained at 20cm；Culture 2 weeks in this way, so
Afterwards, the nutrient solution after cultivating so is disposably replaced with new Hoagland nutrient solution, then in 18 DEG C~25 DEG C of diurnal temperature and
Continue in the greenhouse of relative humidity 60%-70% culture 5 weeks, the nutrient solution of the plastic channel is replaced with pure water, then after
Continuous culture, hereafter all displacement pure water are primary daily, repeat in this way 6 days, and wheat plant is made to be in battalion
Support depletion state；
D, nutrient solution containing arsenic is prepared
Natrium arsenicum is added into the Hoagland nutrient solution that concentration is Hoagland nutrient solution concentration 1/2, is made in nutrient solution
The concentration of arsenic reaches 5mg/L, to obtain the Hoagland nutrient solution containing arsenic；
E, it is further cultured for
Selection is almost the same in the growing way that step C is cultivated and is in the wheat plant of nutrient depletion state, and transplanting is transplanted to
Thick 1.0cm, length and wide each 10cm are simultaneously uniformly distributed in the circular hole of plastic foamboard of 4 diameter 2cm circular holes, then by its entirety
It is placed into equipped with long 10cm, width 10cm, high 24cm square plastic of the 2000ml in the step D nutrient solution of Hoagland containing arsenic prepared
In culture tank, it is further cultured for 4 days, in the training period, daily respectively at the morning 9 and when afternoon 4 toward the nutrient solution of Hoagland containing arsenic
In be passed through air 30 minutes, while daily supplement deionized water it is primary, to keep nutrient solution total volume for 2000ml；
F, it post-processes
After being further cultured for, wheat plant is gathered in respectively according to aerial part and under ground portion, is washed with deionized water
Only, residual water droplet is blotted with filter paper；Then, the wheat plant part of harvesting is finished 1h at 90 DEG C of temperature, then in temperature
Drying to constant weight at 70 DEG C, and weighing determines biomass；Meanwhile grinding wheat plant each section respectively, 1mm sieve is crossed, use is dense
Nitric acid-perchloric acid digestion procedure is cleared up, then using arsenic content in atomic fluorescence spectrum measurement digestion solution, and is converted
The culture solution in square plastic bottle is acquired at the same time for the arsenic content in wheat plant, the arsenic for measuring the culture solution contains
Amount.
According to 1 method of embodiment measurement wheat plant arsenic content and culture solution arsenic concentration, and wheat plant is calculated to arsenic
The bio-concentration factor (BCF) of enrichment, plant arsenic content, culture solution arsenic concentration and the bio-concentration factor (BCF) of measurement also one
It is listed in table 1.
Comparative example 2: existing screening arsenic low absorption crop
The embodiment of the comparative example is identical as the embodiment of embodiment 2, and only embodiment 2 is to allow wheat plant
It is formerly cultivated in the Hoagland nutrient solution without arsenic, then with pure Aquaponic, then again in the nutrient solution containing arsenic of 5mg/L arsenic
Middle culture.Comparative example 2 was cultivated in the Hoagland nutrient solution that arsenic concentration is 5mg/L in the time of infertility.According to implementation
1 measuring method of example measures wheat plant arsenic content, culture solution arsenic concentration, and determines bio-concentration factor (BCF), these results
It is listed in Table 1 below together.
Embodiment 3: the present invention quickly screens arsenic low absorption rape using segmentation water culture
The implementation steps of the embodiment are as follows:
A, it sows
Allow the rape seed (Qin-you No.7 kind) bought from Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences's correlative study in concentration for weight
Count 32%H2O2Soaking disinfection 10min in aqueous solution, separation, the rape seed of disinfection are rinsed with deionized water, are then put into granularity
On general vermiculite-turf culture substrate less than 2mm, keep culture substrate and rape seed wet with deionized water, then at them
The culture substrate that covering a layer thickness is 3mm above, is then covered with plastic film to keep the culture substrate and rape seed
Son is wet, is then kept for 2 days at 26 DEG C of temperature, and plastic film is raised in rape seed germination, keeps illumination abundance, ventilation good
It gets well and maintains culture substrate wet；
B, it transplants
When seedling growth of rice to 3~4 true leaves, the seedling for selecting growing way almost the same is washed with deionized water attached
The culture substrate on Brassica Napus Seedling root, then the intersection of Brassica Napus Seedling root and leaf with disinfection cotton wrapping, be placed in thickness
Degree 1.5cm, length 60cm and width 80cm and be uniformly distributed 100 diameter 2cm circular hole plastic foamboard in, Mei Gekong
1 plant of celery seedling of interior transplanting；Then in depth 20cm, 945mg/L nitric acid will be contained by its global transfer in plastic channel
Calcium, 607mg/L potassium nitrate, 115mg/L ammonium phosphate, 493mg/L magnesium sulfate, 2.5ml/L iron salt solutions and 5ml/L micronutrient member
In the Hoagland nutrient solution of element, allow crop seedling in the greenhouse that diurnal temperature is 25 DEG C/18 DEG C, humidity 60%-70%
In cultivated；
C, it cultivates
During culture rape early period, daily toward being continuously passed through air 15 with flow velocity 30L/min in Hoagland nutrient solution
Minute, and deionized water is supplemented, so that the depth of the nutrient solution is maintained at 20cm；Culture 2 weeks in this way, then, in this way
Nutrient solution after culture is disposably replaced with new Hoagland nutrient solution, then in 18 DEG C~25 DEG C of diurnal temperature and relative humidity
Continue culture 6 weeks in the greenhouse of 60%-70%, the nutrient solution cultivated so is all replaced with pure water, then round the clock
Temperature is to continue to cultivate in 18 DEG C~25 DEG C of greenhouses with relative humidity 60%-70%, and hereafter every 2 days just with new pure
Water purification displacement is primary, repeats 5 days in this way, crop plant is made to be in nutrient depletion state
D, nutrient solution containing arsenic is prepared
Natrium arsenicum is added into the Hoagland nutrient solution that concentration is Hoagland nutrient solution concentration 1/2, is made in nutrient solution
The concentration of arsenic reaches 20mg/L, to obtain the Hoagland nutrient solution containing arsenic；
E, it is further cultured for
Selection is almost the same in the growing way that step C is cultivated and is in the rapeseed plants of nutrient depletion state, is transplanted to thickness
1.0cm, length and wide each 10cm are simultaneously uniformly distributed in the circular hole of plastic foamboard of 4 diameter 2cm circular holes, then put its entirety
It sets and is trained equipped with 2000ml in the long 10cm, width 10cm, high 24cm square plastic of the step D nutrient solution of Hoagland containing arsenic prepared
It supports in slot, is further cultured for 10 days, in the training period, daily respectively at the morning 9 and when afternoon 4 into the nutrient solution of Hoagland containing arsenic
Air is passed through 25 minutes, while supplement deionized water is primary daily, to keep nutrient solution total volume for 2000ml；
F, it post-processes
After being further cultured for, rapeseed plants are gathered in respectively according to aerial part and under ground portion, are washed with deionized water
Only, residual water droplet is blotted with filter paper；Then, the plant part of harvesting is finished 1h at 90 DEG C of temperature, then in temperature 70 C
Lower drying to constant weight, and weighing determines biomass；Meanwhile grinding rapeseed plants each section respectively, 1mm sieve is crossed, using dense nitre
Acid-perchloric acid digestion procedure is cleared up, then using arsenic content in atomic fluorescence spectrum measurement digestion solution, and is scaled
Arsenic content in rape acquires the culture solution in square plastic bottle, measures the arsenic content of the culture solution at the same time.
According to 1 method of embodiment measurement rapeseed plants arsenic content and culture solution arsenic concentration, and rapeseed plants are calculated to arsenic
The bio-concentration factor (BCF) of enrichment, plant arsenic content, culture solution arsenic concentration and the bio-concentration factor (BCF) of measurement also one
It is listed in table 1.
Comparative example 3: existing screening arsenic low absorption crop
The embodiment of the comparative example is identical as the embodiment of embodiment 3, and only embodiment 3 is to allow rapeseed plants
It is first cultivated in the Hoagland nutrient solution without arsenic, then with pure Aquaponic, then again in the nutrient solution containing arsenic of 20mg/L arsenic
Middle culture.Comparative example 3 was cultivated in the nutrient solution of Hoagland containing arsenic that arsenic concentration is 20mg/L in the time of infertility.
Rapeseed plants arsenic content, culture solution arsenic concentration are measured according to 1 measuring method of embodiment, and determines bio-concentration factor (BCF), this
A little results are also listed in Table 1 below together.
Embodiment 4: the present invention quickly screens arsenic low absorption rice using segmentation water culture
The implementation steps of the embodiment are as follows:
A, it sows
Allow the rice paddy seed (two line system kind) bought from Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences's correlative study in concentration for weight
Meter 30%H2O2Soaking disinfection 14min in aqueous solution, separation, the rice paddy seed of disinfection are rinsed with deionized water, are then put into grain
On general vermiculite-turf culture substrate of the degree less than 2mm, keep culture substrate and rice paddy seed wet with deionized water, then at it
Above covering a layer thickness be 4mm culture substrate, then with plastic film cover to keep the culture substrate and rice
Seed is wet, is then kept for 3 days at 25 DEG C of temperature, rice seed germination, raises plastic film, keeps illumination abundance, ventilation
Well and maintain culture substrate wet；
B, it transplants
When young rice seedlings growth to 3~4 true leaves, the seedling for selecting growing way almost the same is washed with deionized water attached
The culture substrate on rice seedling root, then the intersection of rice seedling root and leaf with disinfection cotton wrapping, be placed in thickness
It spends 1.5cm, length 60cm and width 80cm and is uniformly distributed in the plastic foamboard of 100 diameter 2cm circular holes；It is moved in each hole
Plant 1 plant of rice seedling；Then will by its global transfer in the plastic channel, depth 20cm, containing 945mg/L calcium nitrate,
607mg/L potassium nitrate, 115mg/L ammonium phosphate, 493mg/L magnesium sulfate, 2.5ml/L iron salt solutions and 5ml/L micronutrient element
Hoagland nutrient solution in, allow crop seedling in diurnal temperature to be 18 DEG C~25 DEG C and the greenhouse of relative humidity 60%-70%
It is cultivated in greenhouse；
C, it cultivates
During culture rice early period, daily toward being continuously passed through air 25 with flow velocity 16L/min in Hoagland nutrient solution
Minute, and deionized water is supplemented, so that the depth of the nutrient solution is maintained at 20cm；Culture 2 weeks in this way, then, in this way
Nutrient solution after culture is disposably replaced with new Hoagland nutrient solution, then diurnal temperature be 18 DEG C~25 DEG C with it is relatively wet
It spends in the greenhouse of 60%-70% and continues culture 5 weeks, then, the nutrient solution after cultivating so is all replaced with pure water, then
It is to continue to cultivate in 18 DEG C~25 DEG C of greenhouses with relative humidity 60%-70% in diurnal temperature, daily all hereafter
It is primary to replace pure water, repeats in this way 5 days, crop plant is made to be in nutrient depletion state；
D, nutrient solution containing arsenic is prepared
Natrium arsenicum is added into the Hoagland nutrient solution that concentration is Hoagland nutrient solution concentration 1/2, is made in nutrient solution
The concentration of arsenic reaches 15mg/L, to obtain the Hoagland nutrient solution containing arsenic；
E, it is further cultured for
Selection is almost the same in the growing way that step C is cultivated and is in the rice plant of nutrient depletion state, transplanting to length
10cm, width 10cm and height 20cm are simultaneously uniformly distributed in the circular hole of plastic foamboard of 4 diameter 2cm circular holes, then by it
Entirety is placed into rectangular in the long 10cm, width 10cm, high 24cm of the step D nutrient solution of Hoagland containing arsenic prepared equipped with 2000ml
In plastic culture slot, it is further cultured for 6 days, in the training period, is sought respectively with when afternoon 4 toward Hoagland containing arsenic at the morning 9 daily
Air is passed through in nutrient solution 20 minutes, while supplement deionized water is primary daily, to keep nutrient solution total volume for 2000ml；
F, it post-processes
After being further cultured for, rice plant is gathered in respectively according to aerial part and under ground portion, is washed with deionized water
Only, residual water droplet is blotted with filter paper；Then, the plant part of harvesting is finished 1h at 90 DEG C of temperature, then in temperature 70 C
Lower drying to constant weight, and weighing determines biomass；Meanwhile grinding rice plant respectively, 1mm sieve is crossed, using the high chlorine of concentrated nitric acid-
Sour digestion procedure is cleared up, then using arsenic content in atomic fluorescence spectrum measurement digestion solution, and is scaled in rice
In arsenic content, at the same time, acquire square plastic bottle in culture solution, measure the arsenic content of the culture solution.
According to 1 method of embodiment measurement rice plant arsenic content and culture solution arsenic concentration, and rice plant is calculated to arsenic
The bio-concentration factor (BCF) of enrichment, rice arsenic content, culture solution arsenic concentration and the bio-concentration factor (BCF) of measurement also one
It is listed in table 1.
Comparative example 4: existing screening arsenic low absorption crop
The embodiment of the comparative example is identical as the embodiment of embodiment 4, and only embodiment 4 is to allow rice plant
It is first cultivated in the Hoagland nutrient solution without arsenic, then with pure Aquaponic, then again in the nutrient solution containing arsenic of 15mg/L arsenic
Middle culture.Comparative example 4 was cultivated in the nutrient solution of Hoagland containing arsenic that arsenic concentration is 15mg/L in the time of infertility.
Rice plant arsenic content, culture solution arsenic concentration are measured according to 1 measuring method of embodiment, and determines bio-concentration factor (BCF), this
A little results are also listed in Table 1 below together.
Table 1: the present invention quickly screens arsenic low absorption crop test result
The result that table 1 is listed clearly illustrates that the present invention quickly screens arsenic low absorption crop method using segmentation water culture
Bio-concentration factor (BCF), variation tendency when above-mentioned 4 kinds of crops are compared with two methods is all the same, but between Different Crop
Diversity ratio have that method is much bigger, thus be easier to compare Different Crop and absorb or the height of the ability of enrichment arsenic.Meanwhile
When screening low absorption crop using cultural method of the invention, arsenious waste solution amount caused by one plant of crop of every culture, comparison is in fact
Apply example up to 2033.6ml it is even more, and waste liquid amount caused by the present invention then only 500ml/ plants it is even lower.Therefore, using this
The method of invention screens arsenic low absorption crop, not only fast, efficiently, reliably, but also considerably reduces the production of arsenious waste solution
Raw amount.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of using the segmentation water culture method of quickly screening arsenic low absorption crop, it is characterised in that the step of this method such as
Under:
A, it sows
Allow H of the crop seeds by weight 10~32%2O210~15min of soaking disinfection in solution, separation, the agriculture of disinfection
Crop seed is rinsed with deionized water, is then put on general vermiculite-turf culture substrate of the diameter less than 2mm, is used deionization
Water keeps culture substrate and crop seeds wet, and then, face covers one layer of culture substrate on them, then covers one layer of modeling
Expect film, so that the culture substrate and seed is kept wet, be then placed at 24~26 DEG C of temperature 2~3 days, allows crop seeds
Plastic film is removed in germination, is kept sufficient illumination, well-ventilated and is maintained culture substrate wet；
B, it transplants
When crop seedling grows to 3~4 true leaves, the seedling for selecting growing way almost the same is washed with deionized water attachment removal and exists
Culture substrate on crop seedling root, places into the plastic foamboard with circular hole, and crop seedling is transplanted in each hole；Then will
Its global transfer allows crop seedling at 18 DEG C of diurnal temperature in the Hoagland nutrient solution that depth in plastic channel is 20cm
It is cultivated in~25 DEG C of greenhouses with relative humidity 60%-70%；
C, it cultivates
During culture crop early period, daily toward being continuously passed through air 15 with 10~30L/min of flow velocity in Hoagland nutrient solution
~30 minutes, while deionized water is supplemented, so that the depth of the nutrient solution is maintained at 20cm, cultivates 2 weeks in this way；So
Afterwards, in this way cultivate after nutrient solution disposably with new Hoagland nutrient solution replace, then diurnal temperature be 18 DEG C~25 DEG C
Continue culture 4~6 weeks with the greenhouse of relative humidity 60%-70%；Then, the nutrient solution after cultivating in this way is all with pure
Water purification displacement, then diurnal temperature be 18 DEG C~25 DEG C of greenhouses with relative humidity 60%-70% in continue to cultivate, from this
It is just replaced once with new pure water within every 2~3 days later, repeats in this way 4~6 days, crop plant is made to be in battalion
Support depletion state；
D, nutrient solution containing arsenic is prepared
Natrium arsenicum is added into the Hoagland nutrient solution that concentration is Hoagland nutrient solution concentration 1/2, is made in the nutrient solution
Arsenic concentration reaches 5~20mg/L, to obtain the Hoagland nutrient solution containing arsenic；
E, it is further cultured for
Selection is almost the same in the growing way that step C is cultivated and is in the crop plant of nutrient depletion state, is transplanted to foamed plastics
In the circular hole of plate, then its entirety is placed into equipped with 2000ml in the rectangular of the step D nutrient solution of Hoagland containing arsenic prepared
In plastic culture slot, it is further cultured for 4~10 days, in the training period, contains arsenic with past when afternoon 4~5 at the morning 9~10 daily
Air is passed through in Hoagland nutrient solution 15~30 minutes, while supplement deionized water is primary daily, to keep nutrient solution overall
Product is 2000ml；
F, it post-processes
After being further cultured for, crop plant is gathered in respectively according to aerial part and under ground portion, is washed with deionized water, uses
Filter paper blots residual water droplet；Then, the plant part of harvesting is finished 1h at 90 DEG C of temperature, is then dried under temperature 70 C
To constant weight, weighing determines biomass；Meanwhile grinding crop plant respectively, 1mm sieve is crossed, is cleared up using concentrated nitric acid-perchloric acid
Method is cleared up, then using the arsenic content in atomic fluorescence spectrum measurement digestion solution, and is scaled in the plant
Arsenic content；At the same time, the nutrient solution after acquisition is cultivated in this way in square plastic culture tank, measures the arsenic of the culture solution
Content.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that in step, the general vermiculite-turf culture substrate
Granularity is less than 2mm.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that in step, the culture substrate coating with a thickness of 2
~5mm.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that in stepb, the culture adhered to is being removed with deionized water
After matrix, wrapped up in the intersection of seedling root and leaf with disinfection cotton or sponge.
5. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that in stepb, the thickness of plastic foamboard is 1.0~
70~90cmm of 1.5cm, 55~65cm of width and length；The diameter of circular hole is 1.2~1.8cm.
6. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that in stepb, 1 plant of crop children is transplanted in each circular hole
Seedling.
7. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that the flow velocity for being passed through air is 10~30L/ in step C
min。
8. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that being cultivated in each square plastic culture tank in step E
Crop plant is 4 plants.
9. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that the flow velocity for being passed through air is 0.2~0.5L/ in step E
min。
10. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that the crop plant of harvesting is washed with deionized water in step F
Only, then with filter paper blot remaining water droplet.
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| CN102715082A (en) * | 2012-07-16 | 2012-10-10 | 河南城建学院 | Efficient arsenic-absorbed ecological ciliate desert-grass screening method |
| CN103518610A (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2014-01-22 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Rapid low arsenic absorption crop screening method by utilizing hydroponics method |
| CN104335734A (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2015-02-11 | 甘肃农业大学 | Method for soaking seeds by epibrassinolide to relieve harm of different stresses on corn |
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