CN103518610A - Rapid low arsenic absorption crop screening method by utilizing hydroponics method - Google Patents
Rapid low arsenic absorption crop screening method by utilizing hydroponics method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a rapid low arsenic absorption crop screening method by utilizing a hydroponics method. The method includes steps of planting, nutrient solution preparing, transplanting, nursery managing, harvesting, arsenic content determining and the like. By the aid of the method, crops with low arsenic absorption can be screened more simply, efficiently and accurately, and probable secondary pollution due to arsenic-contained waste fluid exhausting can be reduced greatly during construction.
Description
[technical field]
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology.More specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of method of utilizing the low absorption of ciltivating process rapid screening arsenic crop.
[background technology]
Heavy metals in farmland exceeds standard and even pollutes is the key factor of serious threat agricultural product quality and safety.In recent years, in China farmland and agricultural product, the report of heavy metal pollution is the trend increasing year by year, as the rice cadmium content occurring the first half of the year in 2013 event that exceeds standard, cause tens thousand of tons of rice to lose its due use value, lose several hundred million units, and therefore caused the fear of people to food security, the social influence bringing is inestimable, reduce the harmful substances such as heavy metal in agricultural product content, ensure and become the task of top priority by agricultural product quality and safety.
Arsenic is a kind of extensively exist at natural world poisonous and the metalloid element with carcinogenesis, and it is even even more serious compared with cadmium aspect a lot of to the harm of human body, and China is arsenic minerals big country, is also that the whole world is subject to one of the most serious country of arsenic poisoning harm.The farmland that ， arsenic minerals district periphery occurs in recent years and the agricultural product arsenic phenomenon that exceeds standard is more, and serious threat is healthy to agricultural product quality and safety and people, has caused showing great attention to of various circles of society.
In recent years, the correlative studys such as arsenic polluted agricultural land reparation have been subject to many researchers' attention, and from Arsenic in Soil validity, reduce, reduce the aspects such as Crop arsenic, farmland Zhong Shen source control and done large quantity research.From existing result of study, for polluted agricultural land, add passivator to reduce the validity of Arsenic in Soil, the absorptive amount of minimizing crop, utilize arsenic super enriching plant to remove the arsenic in soil to the accumulation ability of arsenic, or the modes such as intercropping by super enriching plant and crop to reduce target crop be the method for commonly using to absorption of arsenic etc.But, the reasons such as crypticity that exceed standard and pollute due to farmland arsenic, it is impossible want block-by-block farmland removing to analyze its content, even the phenomenon of arsenic content overproof also happens occasionally in the agricultural product of producing in the farmland of soil content value a little less than national standard, this is the very big hidden danger to agricultural product quality and safety.Therefore, utilize some crop to the poor characteristic of arsenic absorption and transport ability, reduce the absorptive amount of crop to arsenic, when it is planted in the higher farmland of arsenic content, the agricultural product of results can reach the requirement of " food security national standard-pollutants in food is limited the quantity of (GB2762-2012) ", and this is to be considered in recent years the most effectively to exceed standard the approach of farmland safe utilization.
At present, about the screening of the low absorption of arsenic crop, there is no unified method, under field condition, to plant different crops mostly, by measuring the results such as last absorptive amount, plant in-vivo content, and calculate the indexs such as corresponding absorptive amount, transfer and concentration coefficient, take that this determines whether corresponding crop is low absorption crop.There is obvious limitation in this method, as spend large, the time is long and the difficult control of experimental condition etc., the result error that the inhomogeneities that particularly large Tanaka's arsenic distributes etc. is brought, has had a strong impact on the judgement to screening crop.Therefore, how to improve screening effeciency, shortening screening time, the reduction of low absorption crop and screen cost, ensure the accuracy of the selection result etc., become the important technology bottleneck that the low absorption of arsenic crop is screened.
The inventor once conducted in-depth research and had formed achievement in research for this problem, and take " several leafy vegetables absorb arsenic and the comparative studies of accumulation characteristics " for inscribing, be published in " agro-environment science journal " the 3rd phase 485-490 page in 2013.This paper has been set forth utilization water culture experiment method, compares the absorption characteristic of 5 kinds of leaf class crops to arsenic.Result shows, in nutrient solution arsenic concentration be 2,4,8mgL<sup TranNum="61">-1</sup>time, celery (Apium graveolens L.), three-coloured amaranth (Amaranthus mangostanus L.) and water spinach (Ipomea aquatica L.) Aboveground Biomass of Young all significantly reduce (P<0.05), and lettuce (Lactuce sativa var.longifolia) and the upperground part biomass of romaine lettuce (Lactuce sativa L.) are compared difference with CK not remarkable, show higher tolerance relatively; Accumulation from different leafy vegetables to arsenic is 10mgkg at culture fluid arsenic concentration<sup TranNum="62">-1</sup>time, water spinach acrial part is the highest to the cumulant of arsenic, reaches 1623 μ gpot<sup TranNum="63">-1</sup>, lettuce is minimum, is 45.58 μ gpot<sup TranNum="64">-1</sup>, 5 kinds of leafy vegetable cumulant size orders are: water spinach > celery > three-coloured amaranth > romaine lettuce > lettuce.For different arsenic concentration culture fluids, lettuce and romaine lettuce are respectively 0.02 and 0.03 to the transfer ratio average of arsenic, and concentration coefficient average is respectively 2.75 and 2.66, lower than other vegetables.This result of study provides foundation for applying the low absorption of the quick Preliminary screening arsenic of ciltivating process crop.
On the basis of the above-mentioned existing water culture experiment method of the inventor, the present invention by nutrient solution arsenic concentration, change liquid time, P/As than and Fe/As than methods such as controls, take and reduce to greatest extent waste liquid discharge capacity as target, formed fast, efficiently, the method for the crop of the low absorption of arsenic cheaply screening.
[summary of the invention]
[technical problem that will solve]
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of method of utilizing the low absorption of ciltivating process rapid screening arsenic crop.
[technical scheme]
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
The present invention relates to a kind of method of utilizing the low absorption of ciltivating process rapid screening arsenic crop.
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) sowing
Vegetable seeds is evenly placed on culture matrix, add a small amount of deionized water moistening after, then cover 2～5mm matrix in the above, with plastic film, cover to keep moistening, during to 2～3 days, after seed sprouting, remove plastic film;
(2) preparation nutrient solution
Take Hoagland nutrient solution prescription as basis, regulate the wherein addition of phosphorus and two kinds of elements of iron, add or do not add simultaneously natrium arsenicum, make phosphorus concentration in described nutrient solution reach 4.65～10.85mg/L, concentration of iron reaches 4.19～9.77mg/L, V valency arsenic concentration reaches 4～8mg/L or is 0mg/L, thereby obtains described containing arsenic nutrient solution or do not contain arsenic nutrient solution;
(3) transplant
When vegetable seedling grows to 3～4 true leaves, select the close seedling of growing way, by deionized water, the culture matrix adhering on root system is rinsed well, and transplanted to 1.5L is housed and prepare in the plastic bottle of the nutrient solution obtaining in step (2), in each plastic bottle, transplant 4 strain seedling;
(4) seedling management
In step (3), transplant between the culture period of seedling, within every 1～2 day, in plastic bottle, supplement a deionized water, make the cumulative volume of nutrient solution be controlled at about 1.5L, between this nursery stage, change one time of nutrition liquid; Meanwhile, keep moistening, substantial light according to and good ventilation condition;
(5) harvesting
Cultivate and after 30～45 days, gather in respectively cauline leaf and the root system of vegetables, and by deionized water, clean respectively, then blot residual water droplet with filter paper;
(6) measure arsenic content
By the plant cauline leaf of harvesting and root system at 90 ℃ of temperature, complete respectively 1h, then at temperature 70 C, dry to constant weight, then weigh and dry plant weight, to determine its biomass; Then plant cauline leaf and root system are ground respectively and sieved by 1mm, adopt red fuming nitric acid (RFNA)+perchloric acid resolution method (Bai Lingyu etc., the impact of external source dimethyl arsenic on growth of rape and Arsenic in Soil biological effectiveness, Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 22 (2), 437-441) clear up, then adopt atomic fluorescence spectrum to measure the arsenic content in resulting digestion solution, and be scaled the arsenic content in this plant.
A preferred embodiment of the invention, described vegetable seeds is lettuce, romaine lettuce, celery, three-coloured amaranth or water spinach seed.
According to another kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, described vegetable seeds is at concentration 25～35%H by weight
2o
2soaking disinfection 10～15min in solution, then clean by deionized water.
According to another kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the matrix of using in step (1) is vermiculite, perlite or the polyurethane culture matrix that granularity is less than 2mm.
According to another kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (1), strictly controlling day temperature and be 25～30 ℃, nocturnal temperature and be 15～25 ℃, relative moisture is 65～75%.
According to another kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (2), use 0.1MNaOH or HCl solution that the pH value of described nutrient solution is adjusted to 6.0～6.6.
According to another kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, seedling before transplanting, between nursery stage except use described containing arsenic nutrient solution, do not water, do not add any nutriment, only supplementary deionized water.
According to another kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (4), between nursery stage, when being cultured to the 25th day, changing one time of nutrition liquid.
The present invention will be described in more detail below.
The present invention relates to a kind of method of utilizing the low absorption of ciltivating process rapid screening arsenic crop.
The step of the method is as follows:
(1) sowing
Vegetable seeds is evenly placed on culture matrix, add a small amount of deionized water moistening after, then cover the matrix of 2～5mm in the above, with plastic film, cover to keep moistening, during to 2～3 days, after seed sprouting, remove plastic film, keep moistening, substantial light according to and good ventilation condition.
In the methods of the invention, described vegetable seeds is the vegetable seeds of five types, lettuce, romaine lettuce, celery, three-coloured amaranth, water spinach etc., and every kind of vegetable seeds has been selected not again
Described lettuce class seed is selected from wild goose tail feather bamboo shoot, four seasons blinds, floral leaf bamboo shoot, leaf is with lettuce and hang gardening leaf bamboo shoot seed.Described lettuce class seed is selected from Dutch purple leaf romaine lettuce, the purple elegant romaine lettuce of Korea S, the soft tail romaine lettuce of nebula, the large fast-growing of the U.S., balling romaine lettuce and violet stock violet romaine lettuce seed.Described celery class seed is selected from the sharp celery of the Mei Qin, U.S. hundred, glass Cui Shiqin, U.S. texts and pictures and draws little Sheep's-parsley of celery, elite four seasons celery, great Ye celery, the white celery of Wang Jie, the four seasons, texts and pictures to draw celery, Japanese little Sheep's-parsley seed.Described three-coloured amaranth class seed is selected from premium three-coloured amaranth, the white three-coloured amaranth of roundleaf, the green three-coloured amaranth in Taiwan, white leaf three-coloured amaranth, especially big leaf premium three-coloured amaranth and selected red three-coloured amaranth seed.Described water spinach seed is selected from spring state water spinach, great Ye water spinach ,Chun state water spinach, refined salt leaf water spinach and Thailand's water spinach seed.
Above-mentioned each kind vegetable seeds is the seed that the seed sold in the market or the public can otherwise obtain, the seed that for example described vegetable seeds Shi You Vegetable & Flower Inst., Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science sells.
After obtaining seed, first adopt the common processing method of the art to its seed disinfection, and then use.For example by bought seed at concentration 25～35%H by weight
2o
2soaking disinfection 10～15min in solution, then clean by deionized water, and then be positioned in culture matrix.
The culture matrix that the present invention uses is vermiculite.Vermiculite is the mica shape material that silicate material forms after high-temperature heating, and it dries out rapidly and expands in heating process.Volume after expanding vermiculite is equivalent to 8～20 times of original volume, thereby makes it increase ventilating slit, has improved water retention capacity.Vermiculite can provide the necessary moisture of plant growth and nutrition for a long time, effectively promotes the growth of root system of plant and the stable growth of seedling.In the method for the invention, the vermiculite as seedling medium is the vermiculite that granularity is less than 2mm.
Then, seed is spread in uniform in above vermiculite, then covers vermiculite thereon, as the covering of sowing.Here the vermiculite using as covering is with thicker for well, and for example its granularity is 2～5mm.
(2) preparation nutrient solution
Take Hoagland nutrient solution prescription as basis, regulate the wherein addition of phosphorus and two kinds of elements of iron, add or do not add simultaneously natrium arsenicum, make phosphorus concentration in described nutrient solution reach 4.65～10.85mg/L, concentration of iron reaches 4.19～9.77mg/L, V valency arsenic concentration reaches 4～8mg/L or is 0mg/L, thereby obtains described containing arsenic nutrient solution or do not contain arsenic nutrient solution.
Described nutrient solution is a kind of for vegetable growth provides the preparation of required nutrient, for example, the preparation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium macronutrient, Meso-and micro-nutrients is provided.The nutrient solution of preparing in the inventive method be take general Hoagland nutrient solution as basis.In the art, the formula of general Hoagland nutrient solution is as follows: nitrate of lime 945mg/L, potassium nitrate 607mg/L, ammonium phosphate 115mg/L, magnesium sulfate 493mg/L, iron salt solutions 2.5ml/L, micro-5ml/L.
The inventor is by system research, on definite its phosphorus, iron and the interactional basis of arsenic, in order to promote the absorption of crop to arsenic, use conventionally water-soluble phosphorous or iron fertilizer material to carry out corresponding adjustment to the phosphorus in general Hoagland nutrient solution, concentration of iron, the concentration that makes the concentration of phosphorus be controlled at 4.65～10.85mg/L, iron is controlled at 4.19～9.77mg/L.This phosphorus, concentration of iron index have very important effect for the efficiency and the accuracy that improve low absorption arsenic crop screening.
When preparing nutrient solution, use 0.1MNaOH or HCl solution that the pH value of described nutrient solution is adjusted to 6.0～6.6.
For the low absorption of rapid screening arsenic crop, need preparation containing arsenic nutrient solution, its preparation method is to add natrium arsenicum in general Hoagland nutrient solution.For example, in order to inquire into the impact of the arsenic of variable concentrations on plant growth, when preparation contains arsenic nutrient solution, in general Hoagland nutrient solution, add the natrium arsenicums of different amounts, take obtain V valency arsenic concentration as 0,1,2,4,6,8,10,15mg/L containing arsenic nutrient solution.
(3) transplant
When vegetable seedling grows to 3～4 true leaves, select the close seedling of growing way, by deionized water, the culture matrix adhering on root system is rinsed well, and transplanted to 1.5L is housed and prepare in the plastic bottle of the nutrient solution obtaining in step (2), in each plastic bottle, transplant 4 strain seedling.
(4) seedling management
In step (3), transplant between the culture period of seedling, within every 1～2 day, in plastic bottle, supplement a deionized water, make the cumulative volume of nutrient solution be controlled at about 1.5L, between this nursery stage, change one time of nutrition liquid; Meanwhile, keep moistening, substantial light according to and good ventilation condition.
Between nursery stage, strictly keeping day temperature is that 25～30 ℃, nocturnal temperature are that 15～25 ℃, relative moisture are 65～75%.Seedling before transplanting, between nursery stage except use described containing arsenic nutrient solution, do not water, do not add any nutriment, only supplementary deionized water.
In step (4), between nursery stage, when being cultured to the 25th day, changing once same nutrient solution.
(5) harvesting
Cultivate and after 30～45 days, gather in respectively cauline leaf and the root system of vegetables, and by deionized water, clean respectively, then blot residual water droplet with filter paper;
(6) measure arsenic content
By the plant cauline leaf of harvesting and root system at 90 ℃ of temperature, complete respectively 1h, then at temperature 70 C, dry to constant weight, then weigh and dry plant weight, to determine its biomass; Then plant cauline leaf and root system are ground respectively and sieved by 1mm, adopt red fuming nitric acid (RFNA)+perchloric acid resolution method (Bai Lingyu etc., the impact of external source dimethyl arsenic on growth of rape and Arsenic in Soil biological effectiveness, Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 22 (2), 437-441) clear up, then adopt atomic fluorescence spectrum to measure the arsenic content in resulting digestion solution, and be scaled the arsenic content in this plant.
In the methods of the invention, described biomass refers to the total amount of the contained organism in any space of a certain time limit, and what adopt here is that dry weight ，Qi unit is g/ ㎡.
Described clearing up refers to acid solution or alkali lye and under heating condition, destroys organic matter in sample or the method for reducing substances.Spendable digestion procedure is the known method of technical staff in the art, such as red fuming nitric acid (RFNA)+perchloric acid resolution method, red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) resolution method, nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide resolution method etc.
Adopt in the present invention atomic fluorescence spectrum to measure the arsenic content of this plant.The principle of atomic fluorescence is that atom vapor is had after the light source irradiation of characteristic wavelength, and some of them free atom is excited and transits to higher energy state, then deactivates and gets back to a certain physical phenomenon of launching characteristic spectrum compared with lower state.Various elements have its specific atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry, according to the height of atomic fluorescence intensity, can record constituent content to be measured in sample.In the present invention, the atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer of use is the equipment of commonly using in the art, and for example, by the HG-AFS9120 type product of the lucky instrument company in Beijing production and sales, its mensuration is to carry out under the condition of this instrument specification explanation.
The present invention has been reported and thinks researcher and by ciltivating process, can filter out on the basis of the low absorption of arsenic vegetables, from setting up the screening technique of a kind of low absorption arsenic vegetables simple and easy, efficient, free from environmental pollution, the relevant parameter of original research has been carried out system research and reset, make the party operate simpler, screening effeciency is higher, substantially do not produce containing arsenic waste solution, effectively reduce cost, reduced the discharge capacity of arsenic-containing waste water to environment.Meanwhile, according to result of the present invention, proposed, for thinking poorly of the corresponding index of absorption crop, to make result there is operability.
Table 1 is the comparison at aspects such as the low relevant parameter that absorbs crop screening technique and evaluation effects of the present invention and existing result of study.
The comparison of table 1 the present invention and existing achievement in research
The present invention and Mathieu etc. (comparative studies of several leafy vegetables to arsenic absorption and accumulation characteristics, agro-environment science journal, 2013,32 (3): 485-490) method of report is compared, and is having following essential distinction aspect relevant parameter and evaluation effect:
(1) in the report of Mathieu etc. the concentration system of phosphorus, iron according to traditional Nourishing Formulations for Water Cultivation preparation, in the present invention by system research, clear and definite on the interactional basis of phosphorus, iron and arsenic, for promoting that crop has carried out corresponding adjustment to the absorption of arsenic to the concentration of phosphorus, iron in solution, make it be controlled at respectively 4.65～10.85mg/L and 4.19～9.77mg/L, efficiency and the accuracy of clearly for the low absorption arsenic crop of raising, screening of this index have very important effect; (2) it is weekly that the nutrient solution that Mathieu etc. adopts is changed the frequency, and between whole culture period, only change once in the present invention, so not only can effectively reduce workload, and significantly reduced generation and the discharge capacity of arsenic-containing waste water between culture period, avoided the secondary pollution that may cause; (3) the present invention, according to the difference of each crop species habit of growth, adjusts incubation time and is about 30～45 days, contributes to like this to screen more exactly the crop varieties of low absorption arsenic; (4) in the report method of Mathieu etc., arsenic concentration scope is 0～10mg/L, this be one for the arsenic concentration scope of the universality of different crops, in the present invention, the concentration level of arsenic is clearly 4～8mg/L, this is to have obtained on to the basis of arsenic concentration response having studied different crops, can filter out efficiently and accurately the crop of low absorption arsenic in this concentration range; (5) in the report method of Mathieu etc., the biomass to each crop just, arsenic content, the transfer ratio of arsenic and biological concentration coefficient have carried out mutual comparison, clearly do not propose the evaluation index of the low absorption of arsenic crop, do not have operability; In the present invention, clearly proposed corresponding evaluation index, that is: patience index is greater than 90, overground part plant (cauline leaf, in fresh weight) arsenic content is less than 1.50mgkg
-1, concentration coefficient is less than 4.0.By above-mentioned evaluation index, can obtain accurately and rapidly agrotype or the kind with low absorption arsenic ability.
[beneficial effect]
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The inventive method can filter out the crop with low absorption arsenic ability simpler and easy, efficiently and accurately, and has significantly reduced in force the secondary pollution that may cause containing arsenic waste solution discharge.
[accompanying drawing explanation]
Fig. 1 represents the impact of V valency arsenic concentration on 5 kinds of vegetable waste biomasss (fresh weight) in nutrient solution.
Wherein: 0,1,2,4,6,8,10 and 15 represent that respectively the concentration of arsenic is respectively 0mgL
-1, 1mgL
-1, 2mgL
-1, 4mgL
-1, 6mgL
-1, 8mgL
-1, 10mgL
-1and 15mgL
-1.
[embodiment]
By following embodiment, can understand better the present invention.
embodiment 1:
The vegetable seeds that the lettuce that selection is bought from Vegetable & Flower Inst., Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, romaine lettuce, celery, three-coloured amaranth, water spinach etc. are 5 types, by bought seed through concentration 30%H by weight<sub TranNum="153">2</sub>o<sub TranNum="154">2</sub>after soaking disinfection 10～15min, by deionized water, clean, be positioned in the square position that vermiculite is housed and grow seedlings, seed is spread in uniform in vermiculite surface, then covers granularity 2～5mm vermiculite in the above.The strict day temperature that keeps is that 25～30 ℃, nocturnal temperature are that 15～25 ℃, relative moisture are 65～75%.During seed seedling-raising, do not add any nutriment, only supplementary deionized water.
Seed sprouting also grows to out while revealing true leaf, with of the present invention, containing arsenic nutrient solution, do not water, after launching completely to three true leaves of growth of seedling to the, select the close seedling of growing way, by deionized water, the vermiculite adhering on root is rinsed well, transplanting to 1500ml the present invention is housed (is the impact of discussion variable concentrations arsenic on plant growth containing arsenic nutrient solution, in nutrient solution, the concentration of V valency arsenic is set to 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, in plastic bottle 15mg/L), with the NaOH of 0.1M or HCl, regulate pH value to 6.0～6.6 of nutrient solution, in each plastic bottle, transplant 4 strain seedling.When being cultured to the 25th day, upgrade once the nutrient solution containing above-mentioned variable concentrations V valency arsenic of the present invention.Nutrient solution reproducting periods, the volume that supplements solution in plastic bottle by deionized water in every 1～2 day is to 1500mL.
After cultivation finishes, plant taken out respectively and clean, with filter paper, blot by deionized water the water droplet remaining on plant, with small blade, cauline leaf and root being separated, and take rapidly the weight of its root system and cauline leaf.Plant root after results and cauline leaf, respectively at 90 ℃ of 1h that complete of temperature, dry to constant weight at temperature 70 C, then are taken respectively to the plant weight after oven dry.According to the weight of plant cauline leaf and with the variation of V valency arsenic concentration in nutrient solution, can distinguish the susceptibility of different cultivars vegetables to arsenic.The result that in nutrient solution, different V valency arsenic concentrations affect several vegetable waste biomasss (fresh weight) is as accompanying drawing 1.
As can be seen from Figure 1, along with the increase of V valency arsenic concentration in nutrient solution under this experimental condition, all there is downward trend in various degree in the vine yield of several vegetables.5 kinds of vegetables comparisons, the most responsive to the concentration of V valency arsenic in nutrient solution with three-coloured amaranth, along with its Stem-leaf biomass decline of increase of V valency arsenic concentration in nutrient solution is more remarkable; Romaine lettuce is more insensitive to the variation of V valency arsenic concentration in nutrient solution, and downward trend is not obvious with V valency arsenic concentration increase in nutrient solution for the biomass of its cauline leaf.In nutrient solution, the concentration of V valency arsenic is when 4～6mg/L, and V valency arsenic is relatively little on the impact of the vine yields such as lettuce, romaine lettuce, water spinach and celery; But V valency arsenic concentration is increased to 8mg/L when above in nutrient solution, the vine yield of Vegetable starts to occur decline in various degree.Therefore, the angle that never affects yield of vegetables is considered, the most suitable when in nutrient solution, the concentration of V valency arsenic is defined as 4～8mg/L.
embodiment 2:
In order further to carry out the screening study of low absorption crop under arsenic concentration the same terms in nutrient solution, and take into account dissimilar vegetables to the absorptive amount of arsenic, patience size etc. simultaneously, on the basis of afore-mentioned test result, choose the nutrient solution that V valency arsenic content is 4～8mg/L and carry out the cultivation of various vegetables.
By 32 kind vegetables of aforementioned 5 class, by method described in embodiment 1 by seed sprouting and after growing seedlings and launching completely to the 3rd true leaf, press the correlation technique of embodiment 1 and transplant to containing in the nutrient solution of the present invention of arsenic 6mg/L, observe the growing state of plant under arsenic stress conditions.During water planting, in the time of the 25th day, upgrade the prepared nutrient solution containing arsenic 4～8mg/L of a present invention.Nutrient solution reproducting periods, the cumulative volume that supplements solution in plastic bottle by deionized water in every 1～2 day is to 1500mL.Cultivate and after 30～45 days, plant taken out respectively and clean, with filter paper, blot by deionized water the water droplet remaining on plant, with small blade by cauline leaf and root separately, take rapidly the weight of each several part.Then, 90 ℃ of 1h that complete of plant root, cauline leaf, 70 ℃ after results are dried to constant weight, then take respectively the plant each several part weight after oven dry, the root of plant and cauline leaf are ground respectively and crossed after 1mm plastic screen, preserve respectively as the analysis of plant arsenic content and use.Obtained related data is calculated to the patience index of various vegetables to V valency arsenic according to following method, that is:
Patience index=100 * (containing plant overground part weight in plant overground part weight/control treatment in arsenic processing).
On aforementioned basis, take the plant sample that 0.5g ground and crossed 1mm plastic screen, after clearing up according to correlation technique, by atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer, measure the arsenic content in digestion solution, and be scaled the content at each position of plant.Take each position arsenic content of plant as basis, according to following formula, calculate the concentration coefficient of each kind vegetables to V valency arsenic in environment.
Biological concentration coefficient (BCF)=[above-ground plant parts arsenic content]/[V valency arsenic concentration in nutrient solution].
In the present embodiment, 32 kind vegetables of 5 class of calculating according to above-mentioned formula to the patience index of V valency arsenic, analyze in the vegetable waste of measuring gained arsenic content (in fresh weight) and dissimilar and kind vegetables are as shown in table 1 to the results such as concentration coefficient of arsenic:
Table 1: dissimilar and kind vegetables are to the patience index of arsenic, cauline leaf arsenic content and the concentration coefficient comparison to arsenic
From table 1, dissimilar and kind vegetables can be found out the patience index result of arsenic, vegetables dissimilar and same type different cultivars are larger to the patience index differential of V valency arsenic in nutrient solution, the vegetables of part kind to the patience index of V valency arsenic even below 60.Dissimilar vegetables comparison, romaine lettuce is maximum to the patience index of V valency arsenic, and 5 kind romaine lettuce are to the patience index of V valency arsenic all more than 94, and in nutrient solution, V valency arsenic content is little to its yield effect under this experimental condition; Secondly, lettuce is also larger to the patience index of V valency arsenic.Between same type different cultivars vegetables to the gap of V valency arsenic patience index because the difference of vegetables is different, can be more than 1 times as the difference between different cultivars celery, the gap between different cultivars water spinach and romaine lettuce is less.Although seem to be difficult to judge which kind of crop belongs to the low absorption of arsenic crop only according to patience index, because the low absorption arsenic of crop is an active process requiring the expenditure of energy, therefore, while containing certain density arsenic in environment, may cause its amount of growth to decline; But not low absorption crop is owing to easily accumulating more arsenic, easily because arsenic too high levels causes poisoning and output is significantly declined in body in body.Therefore, in the present invention, using crop to the patience index of V valency arsenic be greater than 90, be its fractional yield reach contrast more than 90% as selecting one of index of the low absorption of arsenic crop, its objective is that its output can be ensured accordingly when guaranteeing that arsenic is had to low absorption.
From table 1, arsenic content result dissimilar and kind vegetable waste can be found out, in dissimilar and kind vegetable waste, the content of arsenic exists larger difference.Between dissimilar vegetables, compare, in lettuce and romaine lettuce cauline leaf, the content of arsenic is relatively low, these two classes vegetables are lower to the absorbing capacity of V valency arsenic, even but the different cultivars of these two classes vegetables still has larger difference to the absorbing capacity of V valency arsenic each other.As for lettuce, in elite wild goose tail feather bamboo shoot cauline leaf, the content of arsenic is relatively high, reaches 1.37mgkg
-1, and in the cauline leaf of the four seasons blinds content of arsenic lower be 0.94mgkg
-1.Mode planting vegetable due to the present embodiment employing water planting, V valency arsenic in nutrient solution is all that available state and content are higher, according to comparison dissimilar in embodiment and different cultivars vegetables related data, and in conjunction with inventor's correlative study result before this, the arsenic content of plant cauline leaf is less than to 1.50mgkg
-1as determining whether arsenic is one of index of low absorption crop.
From table 1, dissimilar and kind vegetables can be found out the concentration coefficient result of arsenic, and dissimilar, different cultivars vegetables exist larger difference to the concentration coefficient of V valency arsenic.According to correlated results, comprehensively compare, lettuce class crop is minimum to the concentration coefficient of V valency arsenic, but different between different cultivars, and wherein, elite wild goose tail feather bamboo shoot are maximum to the concentration coefficient of V valency arsenic, be 3.43, and four seasons blinds is minimum to the concentration coefficient of arsenic, be 2.34; Three-coloured amaranth, romaine lettuce are also less to the concentration coefficient of V valency arsenic, wherein romaine lettuce all below 5.0, three-coloured amaranth is below 8.0, but interracial difference is also more remarkable; Water spinach is maximum in the present embodiment all types vegetables to the concentration coefficient of V valency arsenic, each kind all more than 15.0 and mutual difference less.According to the analysis to the present embodiment result, we are less than 4.0 as determining whether one of index for the low absorption of arsenic crop using concentration coefficient.
embodiment 3:
The relevant parameter proposing in the embodiment of the present invention 2 for checking and the goodness of fit of actual conditions, and whether determined parameter is suitable etc., according to the correlated results of previous embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, selected 5 kinds of vegetables that arsenic absorption accumulation ability is differed greatly to carry out pot experiment.From shimen Hunan arsenic disulfide periphery, gather the higher soil of arsenic content, standby after natural air drying, pulverizing mistake 2mm nylon mesh.For examination soil, be river drift parent material development, its basic physical and chemical is: CEC13.4cmolkg
-1, organic 13.7gkg
-1, full nitrogen 1.02gkg
-1, full phosphorus 0.96gkg
-1, full potassium 13.4gkg
-1, pH value (Tu Shui is than 1:2.5) 6.28, the full arsenic 45.67mgkg of soil
-1, effective arsenic 1.27mgkg
-1.The full arsenic content of this soil surpasses the III level (40mgkg of country " standard of soil environment quality (GB15618-1995) "
-1) standard.For examination soil dress basin before according to N:P
2o
5: K
2o=0.15:0.18:0.12gkg
-1amount add respectively NH
4cl, KH
2pO
4and K
2sO
4as base fertilizer, adding appropriate amount of deionized water makes it moistening and place a period of time and make evenly to mix after its natural air drying again, according to the amount of every basin 2.50kg, the above-mentioned soil of handling well is packed in the plastic basin of diameter 150mm, high 150mm, and add respectively deionized water according to 70% of field capacity, at room temperature cultivate after 2 weeks and transplant again vegetables.
Test selects the U.S.'s texts and pictures in above-mentioned dissimilar and kind vegetables to draw celery, elite four seasons celery, four seasons blinds (lettuce), the purple elegant romaine lettuce of Korea S, 5 kinds of great Ye water spinach, arsenic content and differing greatly to the indexs such as concentration coefficient of arsenic in these 5 kinds of vegetable plant strain cauline leafs.When vegetable seeds being sowed and being cultured to according to the method in previous embodiment 1 the 3rd true leaf and launching completely, select seedling replanting that growing way is consistent in above-mentioned ready plastic basin, every basin is transplanted 4 strain vegetable seedlings.Duration of test waters according to conventional method and manages, and the overground part of harvested vegetable (cauline leaf) after growing to 45 days after it is cleaned up respectively, is weighed, 105 ℃ of 15min that complete, 75 ℃ of low temperature dryings then, then take respectively the weight after oven dry.Overground part after drying is ground respectively, crosses 1mm nylon mesh, according to correlation technique, measure its arsenic content.Above-mentioned every kind of vegetables are all planted 4 repetitions.Table 2 is biomass (dry weight) result of 5 kinds of vegetable wastes in the present embodiment.
Table 2: for examination 5 kinds of vegetables the upperground part biomass (dry weight)
From the result of upper table, various vegetables, due to its growth characteristics, to the absorption of arsenic and the adaptive capacity reasons such as there is some difference, cause its growth and the upperground part biomass also to occur different.Wherein, the biomass of great Ye water spinach and elite four seasons celery overground part is higher, and all the other 3 kinds of vegetables are lower.But from integral body, between each of every kind of vegetables repeats, the difference of the upperground part biomass is less.
The analysis result of processing overground part Plant samples, the arsenic content in above-mentioned 5 kinds of vegetable field tops (cauline leaf) is as shown in table 3 according to each.
Table 3: the arsenic content (being basis by fresh) on pot experiment different cultivars vegetable field top
From the results shown in Table 3, the arsenic content on 5 kinds of vegetable field tops of planting is widely different, in the highest great Ye water spinach, reaches 2.76mgkg
-1, minimum four seasons of content 0.30mgkg only in blinds lettuce
-1.And in above-mentioned 5 kinds of vegetables, for meet simultaneously to the patience index of V valency arsenic be greater than 90, plant overground part arsenic content is less than 1.50mgkg
-1, concentration coefficient is less than the purple elegant romaine lettuce of four seasons blinds lettuce, Korea S of 4.0 3 indexs, although surpass " standard of soil environment quality (GB15618-1995) " III the level (≤40mgkg of country at arsenic content
-1) soil in plant, but the arsenic content of its harvested product (acrial part) is still at the safety value (≤0.5mgkg of " food security national standard-pollutants in food is limited the quantity of (GB2762-2012) "
-1) in scope, can guarantee that produced agricultural product meet relevant national standard.But, can not all meet other 3 kinds of vegetables of above-mentioned three indexs, the arsenic content of its harvested product (acrial part) obviously surpasses the safety value (≤0.5mgkg of " food security national standard-pollutants in food is limited the quantity of (GB2762-2012) "
-1) scope, the product produced does not reach relevant national standard, can not be for planting in the larger farmland of the more high or ultra mark risk of arsenic in soil content.Therefore the These parameters of the low absorption of the screening arsenic crop, proposing in the present invention is suitable.
Claims (8)
1. a method of utilizing the low absorption of ciltivating process rapid screening arsenic crop, is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
(1) sowing
Vegetable seeds is evenly placed on culture matrix, add a small amount of deionized water moistening after, then cover 2～5mm matrix in the above, with plastic film, cover to keep moistening, during to 2～3 days, after seed sprouting, remove plastic film;
(2) preparation nutrient solution
Take Hoagland nutrient solution prescription as basis, regulate the wherein addition of phosphorus and two kinds of elements of iron, add or do not add simultaneously natrium arsenicum, make phosphorus concentration in described nutrient solution reach 4.65～10.85mg/L, concentration of iron reaches 4.19～9.77mg/L, V valency arsenic concentration reaches 4～8mg/L or is 0mg/L, thereby obtains described containing arsenic nutrient solution or do not contain arsenic nutrient solution;
(3) transplant
When vegetable seedling grows to 3～4 true leaves, select the close seedling of growing way, by deionized water, the culture matrix adhering on root system is rinsed well, and transplanted to 1.5L is housed and prepare in the plastic bottle of the nutrient solution obtaining in step (2), in each plastic bottle, transplant 4 strain seedling;
(4) seedling management
In step (3), transplant between the culture period of seedling, within every 1～2 day, in plastic bottle, supplement a deionized water, make the cumulative volume of nutrient solution be controlled at about 1.5L, between this nursery stage, change one time of nutrition liquid; Meanwhile, keep moistening, substantial light according to and good ventilation condition;
(5) harvesting
Cultivate and after 30～45 days, gather in respectively cauline leaf and the root system of vegetables, and by deionized water, clean respectively, then blot residual water droplet with filter paper;
(6) measure arsenic content
By the plant cauline leaf of harvesting and root system at 90 ℃ of temperature, complete respectively 1h, then at temperature 70 C, dry to constant weight, then weigh and dry plant weight, to determine its biomass; Then plant cauline leaf and root system ground respectively and sieved by 1mm, adopting red fuming nitric acid (RFNA)+perchloric acid resolution method to clear up, then adopting atomic fluorescence spectrum to measure the arsenic content in resulting digestion solution, and be scaled the arsenic content in this plant.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described vegetable seeds is lettuce, romaine lettuce, celery, three-coloured amaranth or water spinach seed.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described vegetable seeds is at concentration 25～35%H by weight
2o
2soaking disinfection 10～15min in solution, then clean by deionized water.
4. method according to claim 4, is characterized in that the matrix of using in step (1) is vermiculite, perlite or the polyurethane culture matrix that granularity is less than 2mm.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that in step (1), and strictly keeping day temperature is that 25～30 ℃, nocturnal temperature are that 15～25 ℃, relative moisture are 65～75%.
6. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that in step (2), uses 0.1MNaOH or HCl solution that the pH value of described nutrient solution is adjusted to 6.0～6.6.
7. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that seedling before transplanting, between nursery stage except use described containing arsenic arsenic nutrient solution, do not water, do not add any nutriment, only supplementary deionized water.
8. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that in step (4), is changing one time of nutrition liquid between nursery stage when being cultured to the 25th day.
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