CN115067014A - Facility soil improvement method for different salinization degrees - Google Patents
Facility soil improvement method for different salinization degrees Download PDFInfo
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- CN115067014A CN115067014A CN202210946541.8A CN202210946541A CN115067014A CN 115067014 A CN115067014 A CN 115067014A CN 202210946541 A CN202210946541 A CN 202210946541A CN 115067014 A CN115067014 A CN 115067014A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a facility soil improvement method for different salinization degrees, which comprises the following steps: when the saline soil is saline soil, no-tillage soaking is performed, and then wormcast is applied; when the soil is heavily saline soil, wormcast is applied; when the medium saline soil is, applying crop compound fertilizer and wormcast; when the soil is slightly salinized, the first crop is harvested, and then the first crop is cultivated according to fertilizer after a shed film is lifted or crops are crop rotation. The technology of the invention summarizes a set of improvement methods suitable for different salinization degrees through long-term tests, namely the salinization degrees of facility soil, the service lives of facility greenhouses and cultivation management measures are different, the improvement methods are different, the problems that most of the salinization treatment is directly carried out blindly and the method is single at present are solved, and a better salinization treatment effect of the facility soil is achieved.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a facility soil improvement method for different salinization degrees.
[ background of the invention ]
According to relevant statistics, the salinization harmfulness degree of the land which is affected by the salinization in the global scope is up to 9.5 hundred million hm 2 . Wherein the barren land due to salination is 100 ten thousand hm per year 2 The trend of (c) is increasing. Soil salinization is not enoughOnly ecological and resource problems are concerned, most importantly, with agricultural production. The reason that facility soil salinization takes place is that the facility cultivation is in the closed environment that high strength was planted for a long time, and the soil microenvironment is changed, and the temperature is high, and humidity is big, and soil moisture transpiration and evaporation capacity increase, and in addition unreasonable fertilization and irrigation lead to the soil environment more and more abominable, and obstacle factors such as continuous cropping, salinization aggravate gradually, lead to planting to drop into and increase, crop output quality descends. The salinization condition of facility soil is common, the salinization of the facility soil is related to the service life of a facility greenhouse and cultivation management measures, the salinization degree is different, and the improvement method is different. However, most of the existing treatment methods are direct treatment, and most of the existing treatment methods are direct shed rain and organic application. Facility cultivation is generally continuous, the idle time of soil is short, and crop diseases and insect pests are easily caused by taking off a shed and drenching with rain. The single treatment method has poor effect. The technology of the invention summarizes a set of improvement methods suitable for different salinization degrees through long-term tests.
[ summary of the invention ]
The invention provides a facility soil improvement method with different salinization degrees, which aims to solve the problems that most of the existing facility soil salinization is directly treated, the facility soil salinization is different from the service life of a facility greenhouse, the degree of cultivation management measures is different, the improvement method is also different and the like, and achieves better facility soil salinization treatment effect.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the facility soil improvement method with different salinization degrees comprises the following steps:
when the saline soil is saline soil, no-tillage soaking is performed firstly, and then wormcast is applied;
when the soil is heavily saline soil, wormcast is applied;
when the medium saline soil is, applying crop compound fertilizer and wormcast;
when the soil is slightly salinized, the first crop is harvested, and then the first crop is cultivated according to fertilizer after a shed film is lifted or crops are crop rotation.
Further, in the case of saline soil,no-tillage soaking water for 5 days, and then applying 1800kg/667m 2 The wormcast is prepared.
Further, when the soil is heavily saline soil, 1800kg/667m is applied 2 The wormcast is prepared.
Furthermore, the soluble salt of the heavily saline soil is 8-10 g/kg -1 。
Further, when the medium saline soil is adopted, 75 percent of compound fertilizer and 1200kg/667m of the compound fertilizer are applied to crops 2 The wormcast is prepared.
Furthermore, the soluble salt of the moderately saline soil is 5-8 g.kg -1 。
Furthermore, the soluble salt of the slightly salinized soil is 2-5 g/kg -1 。
Further, the crops comprise Chinese cabbage and sesame.
The invention has the following effects:
(1) the technology of the invention summarizes a set of improvement methods suitable for different salinization degrees through long-term tests, solves the problems that most of the existing methods are directly treated, the salinization of facility soil is different from the service life of a facility greenhouse, the degree of cultivation management measures is different, the improvement methods are different, and the like, and achieves better salinization treatment effect of the facility soil.
(2) The method of the invention subdivides the salinization degree of facility soil according to the growth conditions of facility crops, and respectively adopts different treatment modes to realize effective treatment, energy-saving treatment and ecological treatment.
[ description of the drawings ]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of different treatments on soluble salt content.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
In order to facilitate a better understanding of the invention, the following examples are given to illustrate, but not to limit the scope of the invention.
1. Soaking in water for treating salinization
The results of 6 water soaking treatments are shown (see table 1), and the soil soluble salt and SO treated by different treatments 4 2- The total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is reducedAnd low, the water soaking can reduce the salt content of the soil and the nutrient content of the soil, and the nutrient reduction rate of the water soaking in the plowing process is higher than that of the no-tillage water soaking. Wherein the total nitrogen reduction rate of the soil treated in no-tillage for 5 days is obviously lower than that of the soil treated in no-tillage for 10 days and in tillage for 15 days, the total phosphorus and total potassium reduction rates are respectively obviously lower than those of the other 5 treatments, the total nutrient (total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium) reduction rate of the soil is 38.68 percent, the total nutrient and total potassium are the lowest among the 6 treatments, and the total nutrient and total nitrogen and total potassium reduction rate shows that the soluble salt content reduction rate of the soil treated in no-tillage for 5 days is obviously lower than that of the soil treated in tillage for 10 days and in tillage for 15 days, but the difference with the other 3 treatments is not obvious, and the SO content of the soil is different from that of the soil treated in no-tillage for 10 days and in tillage for 15 days 4 2- The content is reduced along with the prolonging of the soaking time, but the reduction range is small, and the results show that the no-tillage soaking water has good effect in 5 days, and the reduction content of nutrients is minimum, so that the optimal salt washing treatment is recommended.
TABLE 1 variation of nutrient content of soil treated with different soaking water
2. Application of wormcast for relieving salinization
And (3) experimental design: the tested crop is the zanthoxylum piperitum, the growth vigor of seedlings is good and consistent, the height of the seedlings is about 20cm, and 4 to 5 true leaves are provided. The pot culture container is a plastic pot with the diameter of 35cm and the height of 30 cm. The potting soil is greenhouse salinized soil (the basic nutrients are shown in table 2), and about 7.5kg of soil contained in each pot is fully mixed with fertilizer, and pepper seedlings are transplanted after one week of precipitation. The fertilizer is compound fertilizer and wormcast. The compound fertilizer is Shimapai containing N, P 2 O 5 、K 2 O accounts for 15.0%, 15.0% and 15.0% respectively; the soil to be tested is greenhouse soil, and the wormcast is a product of the subject matter group for converting agricultural wastes by using earthworms, and the nutrients of the wormcast are shown in the following tables (table 2 and table 3).
TABLE 2 basic physicochemical Properties of soil
TABLE 3 nutrient content of wormcast
The test set 7 treatment groups (see table 4) without any fertilization before treatment, and the fertilizer required by the potted plant is converted based on the fertilizer required by the material required for investigating the growth period of the pepper in the whole growth period. The treatment technology of salinization of facility soil is explored through the desalinization rate of the soil before and after wormcast application, basic nutrients of the soil, morphological growth characters of crops and root growth characters.
CK is not fertilized, T1 is earthworm fertilizer, T2 is pure fertilizer, and T3.75% of fertilizer is arranged; t4.75% of chemical fertilizer +/-600 kg/mu of wormcast; t5.75% of chemical fertilizer +/-1200 kg/mu of wormcast; t6.75% of chemical fertilizer +/-1800 kg/mu of wormcast, 7 treatments, wherein the soil mass of each pot is 7.5kg, and each treatment is repeated for 5 times, and the number of the pots is 35. 4 gradient wormcast are applied to the test soil (the application amount is 0 and 600kg/667m respectively) 2 、1200kg/667m 2 、1800kg/667m 2 Indicated by T3, T4, T5 and T6), the amount of wormcast applied and the content of soluble salts in soil after application are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 fertilizing amount and soluble salt content for different treatments
2.1 test results
From the figure 1, the decrease rate of the soluble salt in the soil after the wormcast with different concentrations is obviously changed, the decrease rate is represented as that T1 is the highest, T5 is the second, the difference between the decrease rate and the control is obvious, and T2, T3, T4 and T6 are all lower than the control, so that the application modes of the wormcast and the compound fertilizer with different application amounts can be determined to have obvious influence on the decrease of the soluble salt content in the facility soil.
As can be seen from Table 5, the application of wormcast with different concentrations has an influence on the plant height of crops, the stem thickness, the dry weight of the overground part and the dry weight of the underground part, and the difference of the dry weights of the overground part and the underground part of T6 is not significant.
TABLE 5 Effect of different treatments on morphological growth traits
As can be seen from Table 6, the application of different concentrations of wormcast has significant effects on the root length, average diameter, surface area, volume and branch number of crops. The root length, the surface area and the volume of the T1 and the T5 are all the highest, and the others are obviously higher than the control except the root length; it was therefore determined that the T6 treatment promoted the growth of the root system of the crop.
TABLE 6 Effect of different treatments on growth characteristics of crop roots
TABLE 7 Effect of different treatments on soil nutrient content
The results show that: the application of 1800 kg/mu of pure wormcast can lead the reduction rate of soluble salt content of facility soil to reach 46.69 percent; the salt rejection rate is 39.97% by applying 75% of compound fertilizer and 1200 kg/mu of wormcast, but comprehensive performance of morphological characters, root system characters and soil nutrient content of the peppers is provided, and the salinization is relieved by applying 75% of compound fertilizer and 1200 kg/mu of wormcast to facility soil with soluble salt content of 5-8 g/kg.
3. Crop rotation salinization mitigation
3.1 rotation of Sudan grass, alfalfa, sesbania, sesame, cabbage, salsola collina tests
And (3) experimental design: a scientific research base is built in Guangxi agricultural science institute in Nanning, and a sulfur-based micro-salinization greenhouse soil is taken as a research object to carry out a cell test. The experiment is carried out by 6 treatments, namely rotation of Sudan grass (SS), alfalfa (MS), Sesbania (SC), Sesame (SI), cabbage heart (BC) and salsola collina (SP), wherein 7m of each cell 2 Each treatment was repeated 3 times. The shed is cleaned up before treatment, then the shed is divided into cells and is land-prepared and sown, and the sowing mode is direct broadcast sowing. Before planting and after harvesting, an X-shaped 5-point sampling method is adopted, soil samples of 0-20 cm soil layers are collected, and salinity indexes are measured: soluble salt, SO4 2- Content (c); the nutrient indexes comprise total N, alkaline hydrolysis N, available P, quick-acting K, organic matters, pH and exchangeable K + 、Na + 、Ca 2+ 、Mg 2+ (ii) a Physical property indexes of soil: soil bulk weight, total porosity of soil; soil microorganisms: bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes. Defining: the salt absorption rate (%) - (soil soluble salt content before crop rotation-soil soluble salt content after crop rotation)/soil soluble salt content before crop rotation x 100.
The content of soluble salt in the soil to be tested is 0.19 percent, and SO 4 2－ 944 mg/kg －1 Total nitrogen of 0.955 g/kg －1 The alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 59.89 mg/kg －1 The available phosphorus is 46.08 mg/kg －1 The quick-acting potassium is 285.86 mg/kg －1 The organic matter content is 14.82 g.kg －1 pH 7.06, exchangeable K + 、Na + 、Ca 2+ And Mg 2+ The content is 292.68mg kg －1 ，140.88mg·kg －1 ，5.37g·kg －1 And 197.65mg kg －1 The volume weight is 1.74g cm 3 The total porosity of the soil was 34.30%, and the bacteria was 480.50X 104CFU g －1 The fungus content is 3.53 × 104CFU · g -1 The actinomycetes is 69.13X 104 CFU.g －1 . The seed amount is as follows, Sudan grass 0.17kg/hm 2 0.1kg/hm of alfalfa 2 Sesbania 0.27kg/hm 2 Sesame 0.03kg/hm 2 0.03kg/hm of vegetable heart 2 And 0.07kg/hm of salsola collina 2 And (4) fertilizing is not carried out in the whole test process of each treatment, the field management is the same, and the plants are harvested after 60 days.
The results (see table 8) show that the treatment salt absorption rate of the crop rotation sesame is high, the soil physical and chemical properties and the micro-ecological environment are improved, and the method is suitable for repairing the sulfur-based salinized soil of Guangxi facilities.
TABLE 8 Effect of work on soluble salt content
3.2 crop rotation cabbage test
And (3) experimental design: selecting greenhouse soil for planting 6 previous crops of pepper, measuring available nutrients and conductivity, and rotating to grow pakchoi without applying fertilizer, wherein the pot culture container is a plastic pot with diameter of 35cm and height of 30 cm. The potted soil is greenhouse soil (see tables 9 and 10) with different salinization degrees, each pot contains about 7.5kg of soil, no fertilizer is applied, after seeds are directly sown, thinning is started when 3 main leaves are sown, 6 plants in each pot are sown till harvesting is 45 days, and the result shows that the conductivity of the rotation-planted Chinese cabbage is reduced to different degrees, the minimum is 15.22 percent, and the maximum is 27.78 percent. The planting density of the Chinese cabbage in the experiment is 180 plants/m according to the field data converted from the potted soil 2 Considering the ridge spacing, the field planting density is recommended to be 100-120 plants/m 2 。
TABLE 9 influence of cabbage rotation on conductivity content
TABLE 10 influence of rotation of pakchoi on soil nutrients
To sum up, the test data shows that the facility soil salinization is betterThe inventor fully discusses and repeatedly considers the comprehensive analysis of various indexes, i.e. saline soil (soluble salt is more than 10 g.kg) -1 ) No-tillage soaking water for 5 days, and then applying 1800kg/667m 2 The wormcast; heavily saline soil (soluble salt is 8-10 g/kg -1 ) Applying 1800kg/667m 2 The wormcast; moderate saline soil (soluble salt is 5-8 g/kg -1 ) Applying 75% of compound fertilizer +1200kg/667m to crops 2 Wormcast; slightly salinized soil (soluble salt is 2-5 g/kg -1 ) After the first crop is harvested, the shed film is lifted or the Chinese cabbage, sesame and the like are crop-rotated, and then the fertilizer is applied conventionally for planting.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention. To those skilled in the art to which the invention relates, numerous changes, substitutions and alterations can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes are deemed to be within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for improving facility soil with different salinization degrees is characterized in that,
when the saline soil is saline soil, no-tillage soaking is performed, and then wormcast is applied;
when the soil is heavily saline soil, wormcast is applied;
when the medium saline soil is, applying crop compound fertilizer and wormcast;
when the soil is slightly saline soil, the first crop is harvested, and then the greenhouse film is lifted or the crop is crop rotation, and then fertilization planting is carried out.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in case of saline soil, the soil is soaked in no-tillage water for 5 days and then applied with 1800kg/667m 2 The wormcast is prepared.
3. The method for improving soil in facilities with different salination degrees as claimed in claim 1, wherein 1800kg/667m is applied when the soil is heavily salinated 2 The wormcast is prepared.
4. The facility soil improvement method for different salinization degrees as claimed in claim 3, wherein the soluble salt of the heavily salinized soil is 8-10 g-kg -1 。
5. The facility soil improvement method for different salination degrees according to claim 1, wherein when the medium salination soil is, 75% compound fertilizer and 1200kg/667m of crops are applied 2 The wormcast is prepared.
6. The facility soil improvement method for different salinization degrees as claimed in claim 5, wherein the soluble salt of the moderately saline soil is 5-8 g-kg -1 。
7. The facility soil improvement method for different salination degrees as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soluble salt of the slightly salination soil is 2-5 g-kg -1 。
8. The facility soil improvement method for different salination degrees according to claim 1, wherein the crops comprise pakchoi and sesame.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116187865A (en) * | 2023-04-23 | 2023-05-30 | 菏泽市国土综合整治服务中心 | Farmland soil obstacle factor diagnosis and soil health cultivation method |
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| CN111837493A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-10-30 | 宁夏大学 | Method for improving continuous cropping obstacle and salinization of facility soil |
| CN111990341A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-11-27 | 盐城工学院 | Method for colonization of earthworm population in coastal saline soil |
| CN112020927A (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2020-12-04 | 盐城工学院 | Method for improving soil structure of coastal saline soil |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108264429A (en) * | 2018-02-08 | 2018-07-10 | 中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所 | A kind of coastal tidal salt lick soil conditioner and its preparation and application |
| CN111837493A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-10-30 | 宁夏大学 | Method for improving continuous cropping obstacle and salinization of facility soil |
| CN112020927A (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2020-12-04 | 盐城工学院 | Method for improving soil structure of coastal saline soil |
| CN111990341A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-11-27 | 盐城工学院 | Method for colonization of earthworm population in coastal saline soil |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116187865A (en) * | 2023-04-23 | 2023-05-30 | 菏泽市国土综合整治服务中心 | Farmland soil obstacle factor diagnosis and soil health cultivation method |
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