CN106944468B - Application of goldenrod poplar configuration combination of goldenrod goldenlarch in soil heavy metal fixation - Google Patents
Application of goldenrod poplar configuration combination of goldenrod goldenlarch in soil heavy metal fixation Download PDFInfo
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- CN106944468B CN106944468B CN201710328899.3A CN201710328899A CN106944468B CN 106944468 B CN106944468 B CN 106944468B CN 201710328899 A CN201710328899 A CN 201710328899A CN 106944468 B CN106944468 B CN 106944468B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an application of a goldenrain tree/gold-border poplar configuration combination in fixing soil heavy metals, which comprehensively considers the restoration effect, the landscape and the economic benefit, plants the goldenrain tree/gold-border poplar configuration combination with stronger heavy metal tolerance in the soil polluted by the heavy metals, passivates and fixes the heavy metals in the soil at the rhizosphere, reduces the bioavailability of the heavy metals, reduces the environmental risk, and simultaneously sells the restored plants as nursery stocks to generate the economic benefit; the greening plant combined fixing and repairing technology obtained by the invention is simple to operate, realizes production and repair at the same time, and has extremely high popularization and application values.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of polluted soil restoration and phytoremediation, in particular to application of goldenrain tree/gold-edged poplar configuration combination in soil heavy metal fixation.
Background
In the past decades, the development of mining and smelting industries, the lack of environmental awareness and laws of environmental protection in China are short, and heavy metal pollution in soil in some regions is serious. According to the national soil pollution condition survey bulletin, heavy metal pollution in the soil of industrial waste land, mining area, two sides of highway and the like is serious, the standard exceeding rate of survey point positions is more than 20%, and the soil environment problem of the industrial and mining waste land is prominent. The seriously polluted soil is not suitable for being used as a farmland or being developed and utilized, and how to safely utilize the seriously polluted soil with heavy metal becomes a problem which needs to be solved at present.
At present, the remediation technology of heavily polluted soil mainly comprises chemical leaching remediation, electrodynamic remediation and the like, and the traditional physical and chemical remediation technology has large engineering quantity and high remediation cost and is easy to generate secondary pollution.
Phytoremediation is an in-situ, cheap and easily-accepted remediation technology without secondary pollution, phytoremediation of heavy metals mainly comprises plant fixation, plant extraction, plant volatilization and the like, at present, most of super-accumulated plants of heavy metals are herbaceous plants, the problems of small biomass, poor adaptability, complex management and the like exist, and the time spent on phytoremediation by plant extraction is long for soil seriously polluted by heavy metals.
Goldenrain tree, Sapindaceae, Koelreuteria, deciduous tree or shrub. The goldenrain tree has strong adaptability and obvious season, and is an ideal greening and foliage tree species. It is suitable for use as tree for house shade, street and garden.
Populus tremuloides, Celastraceae, Euonymus, one of the varieties of Euonymus holly. Belongs to evergreen shrubs or small trees, has extremely high growth speed, easy propagation and strong adaptability.
At present, the method does not relate to the passivation remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil by utilizing a greening plant configuration mode.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem of repairing heavy metal polluted areas at present, the goldenrain tree and the littletree euonymus japonicus are effectively configured and combined, so that the ecological space is fully utilized, the plant fixing and repairing efficiency is enhanced, and the method is applied to repairing heavy metal polluted soil, and is realized as follows:
an application of goldenrain tree/gold-edged boxwood in fixing soil heavy metal comprises the following steps:
1) in spring, goldenrain tree (with roots and without soil balls) is planted in heavy metal polluted soil, the planting distance is 2m multiplied by 3m, and conventional management is carried out;
2) planting small seedlings of Buxus sempervirens around the bottom of Koelreuteria paniculataThe planting density is 20-25 plants/m2Performing conventional management;
3) after planting for 2-3 years, completing the fixation of heavy metals in the soil; the golden-margined boxwood is sold as green nursery stocks, the goldenrain trees are cut in rounds at irregular intervals and sold as woods, the heavy metal contaminated soil is repaired, the economic value is generated, and the repair is realized while the production is carried out.
Further, in the application of the configured combination of goldenrain tree/littletree euonymus japonicus in fixing soil heavy metal, the breast diameter of the goldenrain tree planted in spring is 2 cm.
Furthermore, when the goldenrain tree/littleleaf box is applied to fixing soil heavy metals, the height of the planted littleleaf box seedling is 30 cm.
In the present application, the term "heavy metal contaminated soil" refers to a soil having a cadmium content exceeding that specified in the national standard (standard for soil environmental quality GB 15618-1995).
The woody plant has large biomass, great tolerance to heavy metals, simple management, soil vegetation recovery function and good phytoremediation value, can effectively passivate the activity of heavy metals and reduce the environmental risk of the heavy metals for undeveloped areas such as industrial waste lands, mining areas and two sides of highways with serious heavy metal pollution, and has ecological benefit and landscape effect. The single arbor plant occupies a large space, idle space is easily formed at the lower layer of the arbor plant, and the shrub plant is short and small and is close to the ground branch. Arbor and shrub plants in an ecological system often have different ecological niches, woody plants have deeper root systems and good heavy metal tolerance, shrub plants have strong adaptability, and can effectively protect surface soil and reduce water and soil loss. The invention can make full use of the ecological niche difference of different plants in the ecological system by jointly planting the two plants, avoids the competition and the vacancy of the ecological niches between the two plants, can form a complex root system network, and improves the heavy metal fixation efficiency of the rhizosphere. Meanwhile, arbor plants and shrub plants are planted in a combined mode to form a plant restoration system which is diverse in species and reasonable in structure, ecological functions of the plant restoration system are complete, and the plant restoration system is strong in capability of resisting pollutants and environmental factors.
In the invention, the enrichment coefficient of the heavy metal of the stems and leaves of the overground parts of goldenrain tree and golden-edge box is less than 1, the enrichment coefficient of the heavy metal of the roots of the golden-edge box is more than that, and the effective state content of the rhizosphere soil is obviously reduced although the enrichment coefficient of the roots of goldenrain tree is less than 1. Form stable root system in the soil polluted by heavy metal, passivate heavy metal, reduce the bioavailability of heavy metal and reduce environmental risk.
In addition, as landscape and ornamental plants, the goldenrain tree and the golden-edge yellow poplar have good economic value, the repaired goldenrain tree and the repaired golden-edge yellow poplar are pulled up and sold in the form of saplings, the two greening plants are easy to survive, soil balls are not needed to be carried, and pollutants are not carried to clean soil. The heavy metal enrichment coefficient of the overground parts of goldenrain trees and chrysoidine is less than 1, and the content of heavy metal in plant bodies can be reduced along with the growth of greening plants, so that no new environmental risk is formed.
The invention takes scientific preparation and combination of goldenrain trees and golden-edged boxwood as the core, provides the application of the preparation and combination in the heavy metal contaminated soil, has simple technical operation and easy popularization, accords with the principle of recommending safe utilization of the contaminated soil in the action plan for preventing and controlling soil pollution, and has wide application prospect for phytoremediation of the heavy metal contaminated soil by the implementation and technical development of the project.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the concentration of heavy metal Cd in organs of different arbor plants;
FIG. 2 shows the concentration of heavy metal Cd in organs of different shrub plants;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the concentration of available Cd in non-rhizosphere soil and in rhizosphere soil of different greening plants.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The construction site of the embodiment is a park in a mature city of Jiangsu province, the soil of the park is lake bottom desilting sludge, the heavy metal pollution in the soil is serious, the concentration of Cd is 0.93mg/kg, the content of heavy metal exceeds the standard seriously, and the local ecological environment and the human health are seriously threatened.
The construction method comprises the following steps:
(1) ploughing the polluted soil, rotary tillage by a rotary cultivator, uniformly mixing and raking. And taking drainage measures around.
(2) Common and fixed green arbor plants were selected in march: golden weeping willow, gingko, camphor, southern magnolia, goldenrain tree, Japanese cedar and poplar are planted in the heavy metal contaminated soil at the interval of 2m multiplied by 3m respectively to screen heavy metal with strong tolerance; wherein the golden weeping willow is planted with the stem, and the ginkgo, the camphor, the southern magnolia, the goldenrain tree, the Japanese cedar and the poplar are planted with the root.
(3) And watering the seedlings after planting, and performing conventional field management.
(4) In autumn, collected different tissues of the greening arbor plants and rhizosphere soil samples are respectively dried and crushed. The content of heavy metal in plant tissue is determined by wet method (HNO)3-HClO4) And (4) digesting, extracting the effective state of the heavy metal in the rhizosphere soil by using a DTPA (diethyltriaminepentaacetic acid) method, and detecting by using an atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
The detection result is shown in figure 1, except that the golden weeping willow and the poplar have the enrichment effect on heavy metal Cd, the enrichment coefficients of the overground parts of other greening trees on the heavy metal are less than 1, the heavy metal content in stems and leaves is low, the environmental risk is low, the growth conditions of various seedlings are good, and the growth is not well inhibited. Therefore, the goldenrain tree has strong resistance to heavy metals Cd, Zn and Cr, and can be used for fixing and repairing plants on industrial abandoned lands, mining areas and two sides of highways.
Example 2
The soil used in this example is the same as in example 1, the soil preparation and the bed separation treatment are the same as in example 1, and the specific construction method is as follows:
(1) in 12 and 1 months in winter, the soil is deeply ploughed by 30cm by using a ploughing machine, the soil is sunned for more than one month, and in 2 months, the soil is uniformly ploughed and harrowed by using a rotary cultivator.
(2) The method is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps of carrying out bed treatment according to the trend of the field, wherein the width of each bed is 3m, ditching among the beds is used as a drainage ditch, and closed herbicide can be sprayed before planting according to actual conditions.
(3) Select a yearYoung shrub seedlings: planting Photinia fraseri, Aleurites fordii, Loropetalum chinense, ramulus Buxi Sinicae, and Ligustrum japonicum seedling in contaminated soil with root respectively, wherein the planting density is 20-25/m2。
(4) And watering after the nursery stock is planted, and performing normal field management.
(5) And analyzing the content of heavy metal in each plant tissue of the collected greening shrub plant sample in autumn.
As shown in the figure 2, the Cd contents in the Photinia fraseri, pittosporum tobira, Loropetalum chinense, Populus tremula and Ligustrum japonicum root are respectively 0.89mg/kg, 0.32 mg/kg, 1.06 mg/kg, 1.55 mg/kg and 0.6 mg/kg, the Cd contents in the stem are respectively 1.89mg/kg, 1.08mg/kg, 0.49mg/kg, 0.36mg/kg and 0.61mg/kg, and the Cd contents in the leaf are respectively 2.02mg/kg, 1.69mg/kg, 0.49mg/kg, 0.82mg/kg and 0.84 mg/kg. Wherein the enrichment coefficient of the overground parts of the photinia fraseri and the erythrina indica is more than 1. The enrichment coefficients of the roots of the populus tremuloides and the red flower loropetalum chinense are greater than 1, respectively 1.70 and 1.16, the enrichment coefficient of the overground part is less than 1, heavy metals are enriched in the roots, and the environmental risk is low.
Example 3
The soil used in this example was the same as in example 1, and the soil conditioning and bed separation treatment were the same as in example 1. The arbor plant goldenrain tree and shrub plant chrysoidine preferable in the embodiments 1 and 2 are effectively and scientifically configured and combined, and the plant fixing and repairing function of the configuration and combination of the greening plants is researched.
The construction method comprises the following steps:
(1) in 3 months, selecting 2-3cm goldenrain tree, removing top twigs, planting in polluted soil at intervals of 2m × 3 m; planting annual Buxus sinica Diels directly around the Buxus sinica Diels at a planting density of 20-25/m2。
(2) Watering the plants after planting the greening plants, keeping the soil moist within one week after planting, and then carrying out normal field management.
(3) Sampling and analyzing the greening plants in autumn in the current year after planting, and analyzing the content of heavy metals in roots, stems and leaves of goldenlars and chrysoidens and the content of effective heavy metals in rhizosphere soil.
As shown in FIG. 3, the results of the combined test of Buxus cuneata and Koelreuteria paniculata in FIG. 3 are the results obtained in the present example, and the results of the test of the other greening plants in examples 1 and 2 are the results obtained. As can be seen from fig. 3, the content of the heavy metal Cd in the rhizosphere soil of each group of greening plants is obviously different from that in the blank soil (i.e. non-rhizosphere soil in fig. 3), willow and poplar roots have an activating effect on the heavy metal, while the content of the heavy metal Cd in the rhizosphere soil of littleleaf box and gold-border poplar is lower than that in the blank soil, and the heavy metal in the rhizosphere soil is passivated by the secretion of the plant root system, so that the biological effectiveness of the heavy metal is reduced. And the heavy metal enrichment coefficient of the overground parts of goldenrain tree and golden-edge littleleaf box is less than 1, so that the goldenrain tree and golden-edge littleleaf box do not enter a food chain and the environmental risk is reduced. Goldenrain tree is an arbor plant, the root system is deep, the root system of a shrub plant is developed, after goldenrain tree and littletree euonymus japonicus are configured and combined, a complex stable root system is formed in polluted soil, more root systems secrete more root system secretions, and heavy metals in rhizosphere soil are solidified. Therefore, the combined plant fixing and repairing system has obviously improved passivation efficiency compared with a single plant, is more stable, has more complete ecological functions and has stronger stress capability on resisting pollutants and environmental factors. In addition, the combined configuration results in an increase in the biomass of the plant as a whole per unit area of soil, which means that the amount of heavy metals absorbed and immobilized by the plant (plant roots, overground parts) is also increased.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, and these modifications belong to the protective scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. An application of goldenrain tree and gold-edged boxwood in fixing soil heavy metal;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
1) in spring, goldenrain tree is planted in heavy metal contaminated soil, and the planting distance is 2m multiplied by 3 m;
2) planting around goldenrain treePlanting the small seedlings of the golden-edge Chinese littleleaf box with the planting density of 20-25 plants/m2Performing conventional management;
3) solidifying heavy metals in rhizosphere soil by utilizing a configured combination of goldenrain trees and golden-edge boxwood and root exudates generated by the goldenrain trees and the golden-edge boxwood, and completing the fixation of the heavy metals in the soil after 2-3 years;
the heavy metal is cadmium.
2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the root diameter of the goldenrain tree is 2 cm.
3. The use of claim 1, wherein the seedlings of Populus tremuloides are 30cm high.
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| CN102204435A (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2011-10-05 | 内蒙古大学 | Method for restoring arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of vegetative cover in land with discarded iron tailings of grassland ecosystem |
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