CN102204435A - Method for restoring arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of vegetative cover in land with discarded iron tailings of grassland ecosystem - Google Patents
Method for restoring arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of vegetative cover in land with discarded iron tailings of grassland ecosystem Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for restoring arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of a vegetative cover in a land with discarded iron tailings of a grassland ecosystem, and relates to the technical field of ecological restoration of vegetative covers in a land with discarded metal tailings. The method for restoring arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi comprises the following steps of: (1) covering earth on iron tailings for 3 to 7 centimeters deep; (2) inoculating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungicides such as Glomus versiforme and the like at the place 0 to 3 centimeters far from the earth; (3) planting plants such as Elymus dahuricus Turcz and the like, harvesting the plants after 60-day to 120-day growth, using the plants which meet a relevant standard as feed, and centralizedly burning and landfilling the plants which do not meet the relevant standard. The method for restoring the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi has the following advantages that: the adopted arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi symbiose with herbs easily so that the absorption and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are promoted, the absorption or transferring of heavy metals is reduced, the thickness of covering earth is reduced, the growth situation of plants is improved, the planting and growth of plants in iron tailings covered with earth are promoted, the method for restoring the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi has high success rate of revegetation, simple process and lower cost, and is applicable to management of lands with discarded iron tailings of grassland ecosystems.
Description
Technical field
The vegetation ecological that the present invention relates to metal tailings abandoned land degraded ecosystem recovers, and particularly relates to a kind of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of utilizing and carries out the method that grassland ecosystem iron tailings abandoned land vegetation ecological recovers.
Background technology
Wide and the mineral resources great variety of goods in China region, reserves are abundant, and reserves such as multiple metal mineral reserves such as iron ore, manganese ore, titanium ore, copper mine, lead ore, zinc ore are all at the forefront in the world.Yet, when large-scale industry mining brings great economic benefit, but almost be to cause serious ecological environment problem inevitably, promptly produce large-area mining industry abandoned land.Wherein, the problem brought of tailing waste ground is the most serious.According to the statistics made by the departments concerned, China's mine tailing generation can account for industrial solid castoff and produce 30% of total amount, the large and medium-sized mine tailing storehouse that the present whole nation has has more than 1500 approximately, accumulation tailing heap storage has reached more than 50 hundred million tons, and increase progressively with annual 4～500,000,000 tons discharge capacity, the whole nation is stacked because of mine tailing and has been taken up an area of more than 50,000 hectare.Metal tailings not only takies a large amount of farming and animal husbandries or life land used, the severe situation that aggravation China has a large population and a few land, and under the situation that long-term accumulation can not get in time administering, also can produce far-reaching negative influence to mining area ecological environment.Inner Mongol mineral resources are extremely abundant, and in explored more than the 140 kinds of mineral resources in the world, the Inner Mongol just has 135 kinds, and mineral metal products such as ferrous metal, non-ferrous metal, noble metal are of a great variety, and reserves are abundant, are one of important mineral resources provinces and regions of China.Compare with other regional mining activities activity, because the mining activities activity in the Inner Mongol is in the more weak grassland ecosystem of antijamming capability, ecological disruption and problem of environmental pollution that the tailing waste ground of its generation causes are also more serious, have its particularity.From rationally utilizing the long-range overall situation of land resources and protection mining area resident living environment; press for the feasible way of seeking comprehensive regulation tailing waste ground, but almost do not have feasible economy, efficient, practical original position process for comprehensively treating at grassland ecosystem metal tailings abandoned land up to now.
At present, the improvement of metal tailings abandoned land has physics, Chemical Engineering measure and several modes of ecological recovery.The common cost of physical method and chemical method is very high, and does not fundamentally eliminate the environmental pollution risk.Take a long view, what ecological recovery was considered to solve soil utilization of metal tailings abandoned land and environmental problem finally also is optimal path.Can permanent fixedly CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND at metal tailings abandoned land revegetation, prevent Pollutants Diffusion, fundamentally improve mining area ecological environment, and can introduce a fine variety crop or economic plants under certain condition, the purpose of reclaiming with reaching tailing waste.We can say at metal tailings abandoned land revegetation not only have good ecological benefits and social benefit to a certain extent, and economically feasible the most.For example Tian Dalun of Sino-South African Forestry University of Science and Technology etc. is at its patent (vegetation restoration method for manganese mine wastelands, application number: disclose the method that seeds such as a kind of Luan Shu of utilization, Elaeocarpus decipiens, thousand cypresses, palm, Euonymus japonicus, evergreen magnolia, pittosporum tobira carry out the abandoned land revegetation of manganese ore district 200810031559.5).But related metal tailings type is the manganese mine tailing in this patent, is essentially different with iron tailings, and it is to the toxic action difference of plant, and therefore also there is significant difference in the revegetation situation of dissimilar metal tailings abandoned lands; In addition, the vegetation type that is utilized in this patent revegetation is arbor, is not suitable for the vegetation ecological recovery based on the grassland ecosystem iron tailings abandoned land of herbaceous plant.Because abominable habitat that mining caused, the metal tailings abandoned land has extreme ecological conditions, exists many factors that are unfavorable for revegetation, and plant is settled down and the difficulty of growing, and the ecological recovery of vegetation is extremely difficult and process slowly.In all kinds of plant symbiosis microorganisms, mycorrhizal fungi is a class of contacting directly soil and root system of plant, can influence soil environment by number of ways, improve mineral nutrition of plant situation and promote plant growth and development process, also bring into play important effect in stable in plant stress physiology and group.Studies show that, the existence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi will be an otherwise effective technique measure for helping plant to overcome metal tailings matrix adverse circumstance, can reduce the thickness of earth covering on the iron tailings sand significantly, reduce cost, strengthen field planting survival and the growth of different plants on earthing iron tailings sand, quicken the vegetation ecological recovery process of metal tailings abandoned land.Based on this, the present invention proposes a kind of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of utilizing and carry out the new method that grassland ecosystem iron tailings abandoned land vegetation ecological recovers.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the improvement of grassland ecosystem iron tailings abandoned land, provide a kind of easy and simple to handle, economical and efficient, practical, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of utilizing that effect is good to carry out the method that grassland ecosystem iron tailings abandoned land vegetation ecological recovers.This method may further comprise the steps:
(1) 3～7 centimetres of earthing on iron tailings sand at first;
(2) sacculus mould (Glomus intraradices), Glomus mosseae (Glomus mosseae), children's cover sacculus mould (Glomus etunicatum), clumping sacculus mould (Glomus aggregatum), the mould arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculums such as (Glomus caledonium) of Scotland sacculus in inoculation face of land sacculus mould (Glomus versiforme), the root in 0～3 centimetre of earthing, inoculative proportion is to add arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum 20～50 in per 1000 gram soil and the iron tailings sand to restrain;
(3) plantation gramineous forage grass lyme grass (Elymus dahuricus Turcz.), sheep's hay (Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel.), wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum (Linn.) Gaertn) and leguminous forage alfalfa (Medicago sativa Linn.), prairie milk vetch (Astragalus adsurgens Pall.), daghestan sweet clover plants such as (Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb.), the planting density of this six plant species is every square metre 4～8 row, every row 50～90 strains; Plantation cereal crops corns (Zea mays L.), Chinese sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (Linn.) Moench), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), chestnut rice (Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.) and legume crop soybean (Glycine max (Linn.) Merr.), broad bean (Vicia faba Linn.), mung bean plants such as (Vigna radiata (Linn.) Wilczek), the planting density of this seven plant species is every square metre 3～5 row, every row 4～7 strains;
(4) water, normal field management such as fertilising;
(5) after growing 60～120 days, the results plant corpus measure index of correlation after drying, as it is capable of using as feed to meet " forage health standard ", as concentrates the burning landfill disposal after not meeting transfer.
(6) advantage of the present invention is the easy and herbaceous plant symbiosis of being adopted of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, in the iron tailings matrix that nutritive element extremely lacks, can promote absorption and the utilization of plant, thereby improve the upgrowth situation of plant essential nutrient element nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium etc.Simultaneously,, increase the resistance of plant, thereby strengthen field planting survival and the growth of plant in earthing iron tailings matrix high-load heavy metallic poison in the metallic iron mine tailing by reducing the absorption or the transhipment of plant to heavy metal.Significantly reduced the thickness of earth covering that iron tailings abandoned land vegetation ecological recovers, thereby the treatment cost that has reduced the iron tailings abandoned land reaches the vegetation ecological recovery effects of significantly having improved the iron tailings abandoned land.This method revegetation success rate height, effect is good, technical matters is simple, compares with the class methods cost lowlyer, and safety attractive in appearance is easy to apply, and has the great application prospect and the market demand.Vegetation ecological recovery effects to the iron tailings abandoned land is good, is applicable to the particularly improvement of grassland ecosystem iron tailings abandoned land of iron tailings abandoned land.Applying for effective of this method improves grassland ecosystem because the ecological ragime that the extreme that caused of metal tailings abandoned land is degenerated, improve the grassland ecology that is caused because of the metal mineral reserves exploitation and destroy with control of environmental pollution effect and have important effect.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below by example, but it does not influence protection scope of the present invention.Below employed microbial inoculum product available from " Chinese arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi germplasm resource bank (BGC) ", the microbial inoculum carrier is a dry river sand, the microbial inoculum production code member is bacterium numbering.
Embodiment 1:
Iron tailings sand and earthing are all taken from iron tailings reservoir area, packet header, cross and be loaded on that (going up bore is 14.5 centimetres in the plastic basin alms bowl behind 2 millimeters soil sieves, following bore is 10.2 centimetres, highly be 12.5 centimetres), every basin dress iron tailings sand 1000 grams, thickness is 7 centimetres, mulching soil 350 grams on it, and thickness is 3 centimetres, add mould (the Glomus versiforme of face of land sacculus, BGC AM0008) microbial inoculum 50 grams, and then earthing 250 restrains 2 centimetres of thickness thereon, earthing 600 restrains altogether, total thickness of earth covering is 5 centimetres, adds water to 80% of field capacity, standing over night.Plant seed soaks with 10% hydrogenperoxide steam generator and carried out surface sterilization in 10 minutes, is sowed at respectively in the basin alms bowl after vernalization.Management method according to common crops after plant emerges manages; Lyme grass, wheatgrass, alfalfa, the every basin thinning of prairie milk vetch are gathered in the crops plant sample to 12 close strains of growing way after 90 days after one week of growth, analyze plant sample biomass, plant corpus nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium concn and heavy metal overground part transhipment rate.
After 90 days, prairie milk vetch and the alfalfa of not inoculating face of land sacculus mould (Glomus versiforme) microbial inoculum are just dead at earthing iron tailings early growth period, can not field planting survive the prairie milk vetch and the alfalfa well-grown of inoculation face of land sacculus mould (Glomus versiforme) microbial inoculum.The wheatgrass of inoculation face of land sacculus mould (Glomus versiforme) microbial inoculum and lyme grass the upperground part biomass respectively with do not inoculate that handling compares has increased by 53% and 83%; Wheatgrass overground part nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium concn have increased by 17%, 146%, 43% respectively, and underground part phosphorus, potassium concn have increased by 148%, 20% respectively; Lyme grass overground part nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium concn have increased by 12%, 164%, 22% respectively, and underground part phosphorus, potassium concn have increased by 106%, 51% respectively; Wheatgrass heavy metal zinc, manganese, copper overground part transhipment rate have reduced by 26%, 29%, 29% respectively, and the overground part transhipment rate of lyme grass zinc, iron, manganese, aluminium, copper has reduced by 57%, 48%, 45%, 34%, 41% respectively.
Embodiment 2:
Iron tailings sand and earthing are all taken from iron tailings reservoir area, packet header, cross and be loaded on that (going up bore is 14.5 centimetres in the plastic basin alms bowl behind 2 millimeters soil sieves, following bore is 10.2 centimetres, highly be 12.5 centimetres), every basin dress iron tailings sand 1000 grams, thickness is 7 centimetres, mulching soil 350 grams on it, and thickness is 3 centimetres, add mould (the Glomus versiforme of face of land sacculus, BGC AM0008) microbial inoculum 50 grams, and then earthing 250 restrains 2 centimetres of thickness thereon, earthing 600 restrains altogether, total thickness of earth covering is 5 centimetres, adds water to 80% of field capacity, standing over night.Plant seed soaks with 10% hydrogenperoxide steam generator and carried out surface sterilization in 10 minutes, is sowed at respectively in the basin alms bowl after vernalization.Management method according to common crops after plant emerges manages; Corn, Chinese sorghum, wheat, the every basin thinning of soybean are to 3 close strains of growing way after one week of growth.Gather in the crops plant sample after 60 days, analyze plant sample biomass, plant corpus nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium concn and heavy metal concentration.
After 60 days, corn, Chinese sorghum, wheat and soybean the upperground part biomass of inoculation face of land sacculus mould (Glomus versiforme) microbial inoculum respectively with do not inoculate that handling compares has increased by 234%, 387%, 78%, 80%, corn, Chinese sorghum, soybeans bottom biomass have increased by 210%, 275%, 65% respectively; The concentration of corn, Chinese sorghum, wheat and soybeans top phosphorus has increased by 46%, 50%, 234%, 72% respectively; The concentration of corn, Chinese sorghum, wheat and soybeans bottom phosphorus has increased by 20%, 90%, 23%, 96% respectively; Corn field top heavy metal zinc, iron, manganese, aluminium, copper, cadmium, plumbous concentration have reduced by 21%, 28%, 71%, 16%, 32%, 55%, 25% respectively, and the concentration of underground part heavy metal zinc, iron, manganese, aluminium, cadmium, lead, chromium has reduced by 35%, 27%, 33%, 22%, 42%, 51%, 16% respectively; The concentration of top, sorghum field heavy metal zinc, iron, manganese, copper, cadmium has reduced by 27%, 25%, 25%, 22%, 36% respectively, and the concentration of underground part heavy metal cadmium, lead, chromium has reduced by 17%, 25%, 19% respectively; The concentration of wheatland top heavy metal manganese, aluminium has reduced by 24%, 67% respectively, and the concentration of underground part heavy metal lead, chromium has reduced by 30%, 27% respectively; The concentration of soybeans top heavy metal iron, aluminium, lead, chromium has reduced by 52%, 77%, 29%, 74% respectively, and underground part heavy metal zinc, iron, manganese, plumbous concentration have reduced by 15%, 13%, 22%, 26% respectively.
Claims (4)
1. one kind is utilized arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to carry out the method that grassland ecosystem iron tailings abandoned land vegetation ecological recovers, and it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) 3～7 centimetres of earthing on iron tailings sand, at earthing 0～3 centimeters inoculation arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum, inoculative proportion is to add arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum 20～50 grams in per 1000 gram soil and the iron tailings sand;
(2) planting forage grass plant, planting density are every square metre 4～8 row, every row 50～90 strains; Plantation cereal crops and legume crop, planting density is every square metre 3～5 row, every row 4～7 strains;
(3) water, normal field management such as fertilising;
(4) herbage, grain and legume crop are after growing 60～120 days, and the results plant corpus measure index of correlation after drying, as it is capable of using as feed to meet " forage health standard ", as concentrate the burning landfill disposal after not meeting transfer.
2. carry out the method that grassland ecosystem iron tailings abandoned land vegetation ecological recovers according to the described a kind of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of utilizing of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum is sacculus mould (Glomus intraradices) in face of land sacculus mould (Glomus versiforme), the root, Glomus mosseae (Glomus mosseae), children's cover sacculus mould (Glomus etunicatum), clumping sacculus mould (Glomus aggregatum), Scotland sacculus mould (Glomus caledonium).
3. carry out the method that grassland ecosystem iron tailings abandoned land vegetation ecological recovers according to the described a kind of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of utilizing of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described forage grass is lyme grass (Elymus dahuricus Turcz.), sheep's hay (Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel.), wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum (Linn.) Gaertn), alfalfa (Medicago sativa Linn.), prairie milk vetch (Astragalus adsurgens Pall.), daghestan sweet clover (Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb.).
4. carry out the method that grassland ecosystem iron tailings abandoned land vegetation ecological recovers according to the described a kind of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of utilizing of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described cereal crops are corn (Zea mays L.), Chinese sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (Linn.) Moench), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), chestnut rice (Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.); Legume crop is soybean (Glycine max (Linn.) Merr.), broad bean (Vicia faba Linn.), mung bean (Vigna radiata (Linn.) Wilczek).
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| CN113042522A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-06-29 | 国能宝日希勒能源有限公司 | Biological improvement method for mining associated clay in strip mine |
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