CN101088645B - Technology of repairing heavy metal polluted soil with mushroom herb - Google Patents
Technology of repairing heavy metal polluted soil with mushroom herb Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to environment protecting technology, and is technological process of repairing heavy metal polluted soil with mushroom and herb. The technological process includes cultivating mushroom and herb in heavy metal polluted soil to enrich heavy metal ion, collecting mature mushroom and herb, rotting or crushing, homogenizing, filtering to obtain slurry containing heavy metal, and chemical electrophoresis or chelating precipitation to eliminate heavy metal ion from the slurry. The present invention utilizes mushroom and herb with short growth period, powerful heavy metal ion enriching capacity and other features as main biological enriching devices and other simple chemical processes, and has high heavy metal ion eliminating rate.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to technical field of resource environments, be specifically related to the mushroom herb recovery technique of heavy-metal contaminated soil.
Background technology:
Soil is the main matter basis that the mankind depend on for existence.Along with industrialization, urbanization process are constantly accelerated, heavy metal pollution of soil is serious day by day, and wherein cadmium (Cd), plumbous (Pb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), nickel (Ni) etc. are more common heavy metal pollution.5,000,000 tons of Pb are discharged in the whole world every year on average, 3,400,000 tons of Cu, about 1.5 ten thousand tons of Hg, 1,500 ten thousand tons of Mn, 1,000,000 tons of Ni, this severe contamination environment.In China, be subjected to about 2,500 ten thousand hectares of the agricultural land soil of heavy metal pollution, the grain that is subjected to heavy metal pollution every year is up to 1,200 ten thousand tons, and the direct economic loss that causes is above 10,000,000,000 yuan.
Heavy metal pollution of soil improvement and the difficulty of recovering are big, and can propagate up to the people through food chain enrichment layer by layer, have a strong impact on human health.In case the capacity of dissolving of heavy metal reaches capacity, will become " time bomb " in the agricultural production.The heavy-metal contaminated soil reparation difficult problem that now become international.For realizing sustainable development, improve the human lives, removing heavy metal in soil effectively just becomes when previous very urgent task.
The reparation of heavy-metal contaminated soil now mainly contains engineering control reparation, physical chemistry reparation, chemistry reparation, agricultural reparation and five kinds of methods of biological restoration.Preceding four kinds of methods are more traditional improvement methods, though obtained certain effect in actual applications, exist manpower and financial resources wasteful, implement complicated, control expense is high, easily cause defective such as soil fertility reduction, be unfavorable for applying on a large scale.
Bioremediation technology is administered heavy metal pollution of soil in recent years becomes main flow, and biological restoration comprises animal reparation, phytoremediation and microorganism reparation.Wherein, phytoremediation is the emphasis and the focus of present international and domestic research, and country has given a large amount of subsidies, has obtained certain effect.The phytoremediation advantage: easily plantation, enriching quantity be big, can pull out the heavy metal in the soil; Phytoremediation shortcoming: the long (draft 1 year of plant growth cycle, woody 3-5, have a strong impact on agricultural production), (burning is an agent technology to the subsequent treatment trouble, but contaminated air), plant is not perishable again, cause existing phytoremediation technology in fact only to play an enrichment and concentrate the heavy metal-polluted soil ion, after heavy metal ion is absorbed from soil and is transported in the plant, though it is few in the soil, but heavy metal ion is not also removed from environment at all, still be present in the plant in the environment, no matter be burning or rotten, the heavy metal ion of enrichment can be got back to again in environment or the soil in the plant, the most a lot of the effects that pollution are transported to other zones.
Eighties of last century is since the seventies, from selecting environmental pollution indicators and food security angle, gill fungus bacterium and heavy metal relation have been carried out big quantity research both at home and abroad, found that: the gill fungus bacterium has stronger tolerance and accumulation ability to heavy metal, and the gill fungus bacterium is by directly absorbing heavy metal floating in the air or accumulating heavy metal (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn etc.) in the soil matrix by mycelium.
The gill fungus bacterium is meant the macro fungi of remarkable fructification, is divided into meat, and wooden or keratin belongs to Basidiomycotina mostly, and part belongs to Saccharomyces.The gill fungus bacterium has following characteristics: kind is many, aboundresources, growth cycle is short, breeding period is long, biomass is big, the habitat is various.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to overcome existing single kind biological restoration and fail fundamentally to pull out the deficiency of the heavy metal ion in the soil, for people provide a kind of cycle short, easy to implement, adapt to changeable environment, and can pull out the compound bio recovery technique of contaminated soil heavy metal better---the mushroom herb recovery technique of heavy-metal contaminated soil.
The objective of the invention is to realize by following technical proposals.
The mushroom herb recovery technique of heavy-metal contaminated soil of the present invention is to adopt intercropping or crop rotation method plantation to the gill fungus bacterium of the strong accumulation ability of heavy metal tool with to the strong accumulation ability of heavy metal tool on contaminated soil, be easy to and the symbiosis of gill fungus bacterium, the herbaceous plant that is easy to subsequent treatment comes the heavy metal ion in the enrichment soil, behind the gill fungus bacterium and herbaceous plant maturation in handling ground, gather in gill fungus bacterium and herbaceous plant respectively, the gill fungus bacterium is through rotting or through pulverizing, homogenate, filter, obtain being rich in the gill fungus bacterium slurries of heavy metal ion, adopt chemical electrophoresis or chelating intermediate processing the removal of heavy metal ions in the gill fungus bacterium slurries.
In the such scheme, after the herbaceous plant maturation, through harvesting, pulverizing, homogenate, filtration, adopt chemical electrophoresis or chelating intermediate processing with the removal of heavy metal ions in the vegetable slurries, perhaps herbaceous plant is processed into gill fungus bacterium compost, after gill fungus bacterium secondary is pulled out heavy metal, be innoxious, resigns from office and return home.
The bacterium of gill fungus described in the such scheme is agaricus bisporus (Agaricus bisporus), Agaricus macrosporus (Agaricus macrosporus), Stropharia rugoso-annulata (Stropharlarugoso-annulata), Jin Fugu (Tricholoma giganteum Massee), long root mushroom (Oudenmansiella radicata), straw mushroom (Voluariella voluacea), parasol mushroom (Macrolepiota procera), cepe (Boletus edulis), Lepista mucla (Bull.:Fr.) Cooke (Lepista nuda), coprinus comatus (Coprinus comatus), red pixie stool (Cantharellus cinnabarinus), Dictyophora echino-volvata Zane (Dictyophoraechino-volvata), reticulate pattern Lasiosphaera fenzlii (Lycoperdon perlatum), calvatia gigantea (Calvatia gigantea) or Earthstar gill fungus bacterium such as (Geastrum triplex).
Herbaceous plant described in the such scheme is Indian mustard (Brassica juncea), Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis), sky blue penny cress (Thlaspi caerulenscens), like penny cress (Thlaspi carulescens), roundleaf penny cress (Thlaspirotundifolium) or short lobe penny cress (Thlaspi brachype talum).
Heavy metal described in the such scheme is the heavy metal of environmental pollution aspect indication, mainly is meant the significant cadmium of bio-toxicity, lead, chromium and the pollutants such as heavy metal zinc, copper, cobalt, nickel, tin or vanadium with toxicity.
In the such scheme, be rich in the gill fungus bacterium slurries of heavy metal ion or vegetable slurries through concentrating or without concentrating or after dilution, adopting chemical electrophoresis or chelating intermediate processing again with the removal of heavy metal ions in gill fungus bacterium slurries or the vegetable slurries.
In the such scheme, chemical electrophoresis method is meant with anode and negative electrode two electric system electrolytic treatments gill fungus bacterium slurries or vegetable slurries, the heavy metal ion in gill fungus bacterium slurries or the vegetable slurries is reduced to metal.
In the such scheme, the chelating intermediate processing is meant gill fungus bacterium slurries or vegetable slurries after acidifying, adds chelating agent and carries out chelatropic reaction, adds precipitating reagent or flocculant again and obtains the heavy metal ion compound precipitation.
In the such scheme, gill fungus bacterium compost plant residue, gill fungus bacterium slurries and vegetable slurries after the removal heavy metal ion join in the methane-generating pit, are used for biogas fermentation.
The present inventor is by big quantity research, discovery is place to go heavy metal polluted soil repairing plant heavy metal of body fundamentally, must be in conjunction with biological concentration and two kinds of methods of chemical treatment: utilize the heavy metal in gill fungus bacterium and the herbaceous plant enrichment soil earlier, then with enrichment the gill fungus bacterium of heavy metal ion be processed into slurries, rely on methods such as chemical electrophoresis that heavy metal ion is reclaimed, enrichment heavy metal ion plant after treatment, rely on method such as chemical electrophoresis that heavy metal ion is reclaimed or be processed into gill fungus bacterium compost, after pulling out heavy metal, be innoxious, gill fungus bacterium secondary resigns from office and return home.
Gill fungus bacterial classification class various (autochthonal, saprophytic, mycorhiza etc.), should select autochthonal gill fungus bacterium for use according to actual conditions is that species are repaired by the main force, is mainly the bacterial classification of Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes) Hymenomycetes (Hymenomycetes) Homobasidiomycetidae (Homobasidiomycetes).And wherein 98% belong to Agaricales (Agaricales), it is the mushroom that people generally are commonly called as, comprise: Agaricus (Agaricus), Stropharia (Stropharia), Tricholoma (Tricholoma), oudemansiella radicata belong to (Oudemansiella), Volvaria (Volvariella), big Lepiota (Macrolepiota), Boletus (Boletus), Lepista lentinus (Lepista), Coprinus (Coprinus) etc., and the Cantharellus (cantharellus) under the Aphyllophorales (Polyporales) etc.Also have the dictyophora phalloidea of Gasteromycete (Gasteromycetes) Phallales (Phallales) to belong to (Dictyophora), the Lycoperdon (Lycoperdon) of Lycoperdales (Lycoperdales), Calvatia (Calvatia), Geaster gill fungus bacterium such as (Geastrum).
Under the natural conditions, the growth of gill fungus bacterium exists with ... certain coexistence biology, and plant some herbaceous plant particularly itself constitutes the part in gill fungus bacterium habitat, promotes its growth, existingly simultaneously discovers that the gill fungus bacterium can secrete the growth that some hormone promotes plant.Most of gill fungus bacterium and herbaceous plant have the ability of efficiently concentrating heavy metal.Repair with respect to single phytoremediation or gill fungus bacterium,, will obtain better repairing effect in conjunction with gill fungus bacterium and herbaceous plant renovation of heavy metal polluted soil with combined.
The mushroom herb recovery technique of heavy-metal contaminated soil of the present invention, the herbaceous plant that belongs to (Thlaspi) with Btassica (Brassica) or penny cress in gill fungus bacterium and the Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) is main biological concentration device, it is strong to make full use of gill fungus bacterium enriching heavy metal ion ability, can adsorb various heavy, growth cycle short (the 3-5 month), the characteristics of field cultivation gill fungus bacterium technology maturation, in conjunction with the symbiosis herbaceous plant, reach repairing effect more efficiently, subsequent treatment adopts chemical electrophoresis, simple ripe method such as chelating precipitation can fundamentally be pulled out the heavy metal pollution ion, and its general effect can reach the heavy metal pollution of removing plough horizon 60～90%.
The specific embodiment:
Further specify the present invention below by embodiment, the present invention is not limited only to described embodiment.
Embodiment one
This example is to come the cadmium (Cd) in the enrichment soil, plumbous (Pb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) heavy metal ion with agaricus bisporus (Agaricus bisporus) and Indian mustard (Brassicajuncea) crop rotation.
Renovation technique process: plant, cradle Indian mustard → compost composting, fermentation, send out bacterium → crop rotation → receipts mushroom → subsequent treatment → bacterium liquid, careless slag resource.
(1), plantation Indian mustard
Sow the Indian mustard seed in soil to be repaired, suitably water and emerge with promotion.Cradle after the Indian mustard maturation, blend, homogenate, filtration, the pH value of regulating the vegetable slurries that obtains is regulated electrolyte, inserts two electrode systems of anode and negative electrode, connection D.C. regulated power supply, regulation voltage, electrolysis; Cu in the vegetable slurries, Zn are reduced to metal.
The Indian mustard average product reaches 5,000 kilograms/mu, can reach 31 and 17 times respectively to Cu, Zn enrichment.
(2), compost composting, fermentation, a bacterium
Preparation compost (excrement grass culturing material/no excrement synthesis material) → fermentation reactor system (compost prewet → build heap → turning → after fermentation) → sowing and a bacterium.Low temperature mushroom during agaricus bisporus belongs to is fit to the plantation in spring.
(3), crop rotation
With sending out good bacterium, sow in the heavy-metal contaminated soil after cradling Indian mustard, earthing gross thickness 3-3.5cm keeps soil moisture content 18-20%.And it is extremely neutral to regulate pH with limewash.
(4), subsequent treatment
After about 2-3 month, agaricus bisporus maturation, the bright mushroom 6800kg of average yield per mu.The agaricus bisporus of gathering, through blend, homogenate, filtration, the bright mushroom of every kg is diluted to 0.6L (liter) slurries, various metal ion contents are in the slurries: Cd is 21.6mg/L, Pb is 55.0mg/L, Cr is 10.8mg/L, Cu is 51.7mg/L, Zn is 59.7mg/L.
Slurries are put into the plastic material electrophoresis tank, regulate the pH value of slurries, regulate electrolyte, electrophoresis tank inserts two electrode systems of anode and negative electrode, connect D.C. regulated power supply, regulation voltage, electrolysis, Cd in the agaricus bisporus slurries, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn metal ion are reduced to metal and adhere on the electrophoresis tank cathode surface, obtain alloy.
(5), bacterium liquid, careless slag resource
Above-mentioned vegetable slurries and agaricus bisporus slurries after the removal heavy metal ion join in the methane-generating pit, are used for biogas fermentation.
In this example, agaricus bisporus can reach 130.0mg/kg (dry weight to the average enriching quantity of Cd, down together), the average enriching quantity of Pb can reach 330.0mg/kg, average enriching quantity to Cr can reach 65.0mg/kg, average enriching quantity to Cu can reach 310.0mg/kg, can reach 358.0mg/kg to the average enriching quantity of Zn.Adopt agaricus bisporus that one mu of contaminated soil is repaired, but enrichment Cd 88.4g, Pb 224.4g, Cr 44.2g, Cu 210.8g, Zn 243.4g, but can extract the polluted heavy metals of soil arable layer 70～80%.
Embodiment two
This example is to come the cadmium (Cd) in the enrichment soil, plumbous (Pb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) heavy metal ion with Agaricus macrosporus (Agaricus macrosporus) and sky blue penny cress (Thlaspi caerulenscens) crop rotation.
Other processes are with embodiment one.
In this example, Agaricus macrosporus can reach 117.0mg/kg to the average enriching quantity of Cd, and the average enriching quantity of Pb can reach 297.0mg/kg, can reach 58.50mg/kg to the average enriching quantity of Cr, average enriching quantity to Cu can reach 279.0mg/kg, can reach 322.2mg/kg to the average enriching quantity of Zn.Adopt Agaricus macrosporus that one mu of contaminated soil is repaired, but enrichment Cd 70.2g, Pb 178.2g, Cr 35.1g, Cu 167.4g, Zn 193.3g, but can extract the polluted heavy metals of soil arable layer 70～80%.
Embodiment three
This example is to remove cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) heavy metal pollution with the Stropharia rugoso-annulata (Stropharlarugoso-annulata) and thlaspi caerulescens (Thlaspi caerulenscens) intercropping of energy high rich of heavy metal.
Renovation technique process: plant sky blue penny cress → compost composting, fermentation, send out bacterium → miscegenation → receipts mushroom, cradle penny cress → subsequent treatment → bacterium liquid, careless slag resource.
(1), plants sky blue penny cress
Sow sky blue penny cress seed in soil to be repaired, suitably water and emerge with promotion.
(2), cultivation Stropharia rugoso-annulata
Preparation compost (straw raw material) → soak grass and pile in advance → build and pile sowing and send out a bacterium.Low temperature mushroom during Stropharia rugoso-annulata belongs to is fit to plantation in spring in autumn.
(3), miscegenation
To send out good bacterium, sowing in plantation has in the heavy-metal contaminated soil of sky blue penny cress, and earthing gross thickness 3-3.5cm keeps soil moisture content 18-20%.And it is extremely neutral to regulate pH with limewash.
(4), subsequent treatment
After plantation 2-3 month, the Stropharia rugoso-annulata maturation is pressed the general condition cultivation, the bright mushroom 4000kg of per mu yield.The harvesting Stropharia rugoso-annulata, warp rots, and various metal ion contents are in the Stropharia rugoso-annulata slurries that obtain: contain the Cd amount and be 24.8mg/L, containing the Cu amount is 25.0mg/L, contains the Zn amount and is 37.2mg/L.。
Add Na in the above-mentioned Stropharia rugoso-annulata slurries
2S
2O
5/ H
2SO
4After the acidifying (pH2～3), add chelating agent/NaOH (pH8～9) and carry out chelatropic reaction, add precipitating reagent or flocculant again and obtain the heavy metal ion compound precipitation.
(5), bacterium liquid resource
The Stropharia rugoso-annulata slurries that sedimentation separation is removed behind the heavy metal ion compound precipitation join in the methane-generating pit, are used for biogas fermentation.
In this example, sky blue penny cress belongs to the Cruciferae penny cress and belongs to, annual or year this plant of sward more, high 10～50cm.Seminal propagation.Seedling or seed are survived the winter.Central China emerges for 10～November, also has early spring part to emerge, and be flowering fruit bearing stage 4～May.Emerge for 4～May in northwest and the Northeast, be flowering fruit bearing stage 7～September.
In this example, Stropharia rugoso-annulata can reach 149.0mg/kg to the average enriching quantity of Cd, can reach 150.0mg/kg to the average enriching quantity of Cu, can reach 223.0mg/kg to the average enriching quantity of Zn.Adopt Stropharia rugoso-annulata that 1 mu of contaminated soil is repaired, but enrichment Cd 59.6g, Cu 60.0g, Zn 892.0g, but can extract the polluted heavy metals of soil arable layer 60～70%
In this example, penny cress is the species that a class is widely used in phytoremediation, can height each heavy metal species in the activating soil, make that bacterial strain adsorbs better, enriching heavy metal.Mainly play the effect that promotes that the gill fungus bacterium is repaired in this example.
Embodiment four
This example is to come the cadmium (Cd) in the enrichment soil, plumbous (Pb), chromium (Cr) heavy metal ion with Jin Fugu (Tricholoma giganteum Massee) and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) intercropping.
(1), plantation Indian mustard
Sow the Indian mustard seed in soil to be repaired, suitably water and emerge with promotion.
(2), cultivating tricholoma lobayense
Heap fermentation → pack sterilization → inoculation bacteria → take off a bag earthing is piled → built to preparation compost (straw raw material) → soak grass in advance.Jin Fugu belongs to the high temperature mushroom, is typically chosen in and sows in 3-5 month, 5-10 month fruiting.
(3), mix up
To send out good bacterium, sowing in plantation has in the heavy-metal contaminated soil of Indian mustard, and earthing gross thickness 3-3.5cm keeps soil moisture content 18-20%.And it is extremely neutral to regulate pH with limewash.
Other are with embodiment one.
In this example, Jin Fugu can reach 180.0mg/kg to the average enriching quantity of Cd, can reach 115.0mg/kg to the average enriching quantity of Pb, can reach 12.0mg/kg to the average enriching quantity of Cr.Adopt golden good fortune mushroom that 1 mu of contaminated soil is repaired, but enrichment Cd 162.0g, Pb 103.5g, Cr 10.8g, but can extract the polluted heavy metals of soil arable layer 70～80%.
Embodiment five
This example employing long root mushroom (Oudenmansiella radicata) and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) intercropping come cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) metal ion in the enrichment soil.
Renovation technique process: plant Indian mustard → compost composting, fermentation, send out bacterium → miscegenation → receipts mushroom, cradle Indian mustard → subsequent treatment → bacterium liquid, careless slag resource.
(1), plantation Indian mustard
Sow the Indian mustard seed in soil to be repaired, suitably water and emerge with promotion.
(2), compost composting, fermentation, a bacterium
Preparation compost (wooden detritus matrix) → pack, sterilize and inoculate → take off a bag earthing.High temperature modification mushroom during long root mushroom belongs to is typically chosen in and the 6-9 month sows fruiting.
Cradle after the Indian mustard maturation, blend, homogenate, filtration, add Na in the vegetable slurries that obtains
2S
2O
5/ H
2SO
4After the acidifying (pH2～3), add chelating agent/NaOH (pH8～9) and carry out chelatropic reaction, add precipitating reagent or flocculant again and obtain the heavy metal ion compound precipitation.Other are with embodiment three.
In this example, long root mushroom can reach 180.0mg/kg to the average enriching quantity of Cd, can reach 285.0mg/kg to the Cu enriching quantity, and the Zn enriching quantity can reach 300.0mg/kg.Adopt long root mushroom that 1 mu of contaminated soil is repaired, but enrichment Cd 180.0g, Cu 285.0g, Zn 300.0g.But can extract the polluted heavy metals of soil arable layer 70～80%.
Embodiment six
This example is to plant straw mushroom (Voluariella voluacea) and Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis) to mix up to come lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) metal ion in the enrichment soil on contaminated soil.Press the general condition cultivation, the bright mushroom 8000kg of per mu yield.The straw mushroom of gathering, through pulverizing, homogenate, filtration, the bright mushroom of every kg is diluted to 0.6L (liters) slurries, and various metal ion contents are in the slurries: contain the Pb amount and be 22.3mg/L, contain the Cr amount and be 2.8mg/L, contain the Cu amount and be 28.8mg/L, containing the Zn amount is 35.0mg/L.
This routine Volvaria volvacea cultivation technology: preparation compost (rice wheat straw class matrix) → windrow ferments → sows seeds → earthing → fruiting, gathers.Straw mushroom belongs to happiness high temperature mushroom, and the season of growth, growth was fast, the cycle is short, from being seeded into fruiting about 2 weeks in the 6-9 month.
Other are handled with embodiment three.
In this example, straw mushroom can reach 134.0mg/kg to the average enriching quantity of Pb, can reach 17.0mg/kg to the average enriching quantity of Cr, can reach 173.0mg/kg to the average enriching quantity of Cu, can reach 210.0mg/kg to the average enriching quantity of Zn.Adopt straw mushroom that 1 mu of contaminated soil is repaired, but enrichment Pb 107.2g, Cr 13.6g, Cu 138.4g, Zn 168.0g, but can extract the polluted heavy metals of soil arable layer 70～80%.
Embodiment seven
This example adopts parasol mushroom (Macrolepiota procera) and sky blue penny cress (Thlaspi caerulenscens) crop rotation to come the cadmium (Cd) in the enrichment soil, plumbous (Pb), copper (Cu) metal ion.Press the general condition cultivation, the bright mushroom 5000kg of per mu yield.Contain the Cd amount in the bright mushroom slurries and be 39.9mg/L, contain the Pb amount and be 16.7mg/L, contain the Cu amount and be 46.8mg/L.
This routine parasol mushroom planting technique: batching is built heap → fermentation → sowing and is sent out bacterium → earthing → water transfer fruiting.Bacteria developing period needs about 35 days from being seeded into fruiting about 30 days.Be middle high temperature mushroom class.
In this example, other are handled with embodiment one.
In this example, parasol mushroom can reach 236.0mg/kg to the average enriching quantity of Cd, can reach 100.0mg/kg to the Pb enriching quantity, and the Cu enriching quantity can reach 281.0mg/kg.Adopt parasol mushroom that 1 mu of contaminated soil is repaired, but enrichment Cd 118.0g, Pb 50.0g, Cu140.5g.But can extract the polluted heavy metals of soil arable layer 70～80%.
Embodiment eight
This example employing cepe (Boletus edulis) and roundleaf penny cress (Thlaspirotundifolium) intercropping come cadmium (Cd) metal ion in the enrichment soil, and other is with embodiment three.
Cepe can reach 66.4mg/kg to the Cd enriching quantity.
Embodiment nine
This example is to adopt the earthing of Lepista mucla (Bull.:Fr.) Cooke (Lepista nuda) and sky blue penny cress (Thlaspicaerulenscens) intercropping to cultivate, and comes cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu) ion in the enrichment soil.Other is with embodiment three.
Lepista mucla (Bull.:Fr.) Cooke can reach 231.0mg/kg to the average enriching quantity of Cd, can reach 15.8mg/kg to the average enriching quantity of Cr, can reach 144.2mg/kg to the average enriching quantity of Cu.
Embodiment ten
This example is to plant coprinus comatus (Coprinus comatus) and Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis) to mix up to come lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) ion in the enrichment soil on contaminated soil, after plantation 2-3 month, the coprinus comatus maturation, press the general condition cultivation, the bright mushroom 10000kg of per mu yield.The coprinus comatus of gathering, through blend, homogenate, filtration, the bright mushroom of every kg is diluted to the 0.6L slurries, the Pb metal ion content is 17.5mg/L in the slurries, the Cu metal ion content is 22.83mg/L, the Zn metal ion content is 33.3mg/L.Other is with embodiment three.
In this example, coprinus comatus can reach 105.0mg/kg to the average enriching quantity of Pb, and the average enriching quantity of Cu can reach 137.0mg/kg, and the average enriching quantity of Zn can reach 200.0mg/kg.Adopt coprinus comatus that 1 mu of contaminated soil is repaired,,,, but can extract the polluted heavy metals of soil arable layer 70～80% Zn enriching quantity 200.0g to Cu enriching quantity 137.0g to Pb enriching quantity 105.0g.
Embodiment 11
This example employing red pixie stool (Cantharellus cinnabarinus) and Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis) mix up to come zinc (Zn) metal ion in the enrichment soil, and other is with embodiment three.Red pixie stool can reach 231.0mg/kg to the Zn enriching quantity.
Embodiment 12
This example employing Dictyophora echino-volvata Zane (Dictyophora echino-volvata) and the intercropping of short lobe penny cress come lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) metal ion in the enrichment soil, and other is with embodiment three.Dictyophora echino-volvata Zane can reach 539.0mg/kg to reaching 48.7mg/kg to the Pb enriching quantity to the Zn enriching quantity.
Embodiment 13
This example employing reticulate pattern Lasiosphaera fenzlii (Lycoperdon perlatum) and short lobe penny cress (Thlaspi brachypetalum) intercropping come the zinc (Zn) in the enrichment soil, and other is with embodiment three.The reticulate pattern Lasiosphaera fenzlii can reach 265.8mg/kg to the Zn enriching quantity.
Embodiment 14
This example adopts calvatia gigantea (Calvatia gigantea) and likes that penny cress (Thlaspicarulescens) intercropping comes the copper (Cu) in the enrichment soil, and other is with embodiment three.Calvatia gigantea can reach 235.5mg/kg to the Cu enriching quantity.
Embodiment 15
This example adopts Earthstar (Geastrum triplex) and likes that penny cress (Thlaspicarulescens) intercropping comes zinc (Zn) metal ion in the enrichment soil, and other is with embodiment three.Earthstar can reach 202.0mg/kg to the Zn enriching quantity.
Claims (9)
1. the mushroom herb restorative procedure of a heavy-metal contaminated soil, it is characterized in that on contaminated soil, adopting intercropping or crop rotation method plantation to the gill fungus bacterium of the strong accumulation ability of heavy metal tool with to the strong accumulation ability of heavy metal tool, be easy to and the symbiosis of gill fungus bacterium, the herbaceous plant that is easy to subsequent treatment comes the heavy metal ion in the enrichment soil, behind the gill fungus bacterium and herbaceous plant maturation in handling ground, gather in gill fungus bacterium and herbaceous plant respectively, the gill fungus bacterium is through rotting or through pulverizing, homogenate, filter, obtain being rich in the gill fungus bacterium slurries of heavy metal ion, adopt chemical electrophoresis or chelating intermediate processing the removal of heavy metal ions in the gill fungus bacterium slurries.
2. the mushroom herb restorative procedure of heavy-metal contaminated soil according to claim 1, after it is characterized in that described herbaceous plant maturation, through harvesting, pulverizing, homogenate, filtration, adopt chemical electrophoresis or chelating intermediate processing with the removal of heavy metal ions in the vegetable slurries, perhaps herbaceous plant is processed into gill fungus bacterium compost, after pulling out heavy metal, be innoxious, gill fungus bacterium secondary resigns from office and return home.
3. the mushroom herb restorative procedure of heavy-metal contaminated soil according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that described gill fungus bacterium is agaricus bisporus, Agaricus macrosporus, Stropharia rugoso-annulata, Jin Fugu, long root mushroom, straw mushroom, parasol mushroom, cepe, Lepista mucla (Bull.:Fr.) Cooke, coprinus comatus, red pixie stool, Dictyophora echino-volvata Zane, reticulate pattern Lasiosphaera fenzlii, calvatia gigantea or Earthstar.
4. the mushroom herb restorative procedure of heavy-metal contaminated soil according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that described herbaceous plant is an Indian mustard, Chinese cabbage, and sky blue penny cress is liked penny cress, roundleaf penny cress or short lobe penny cress.
5. the mushroom herb restorative procedure of heavy-metal contaminated soil according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described heavy metal is the heavy metal of environmental pollution aspect indication, mainly be meant the significant cadmium of bio-toxicity, lead, chromium and heavy metal zinc, copper, cobalt, nickel, tin or vanadium with toxicity.
6. the mushroom herb restorative procedure of heavy-metal contaminated soil according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that being rich in the gill fungus bacterium slurries of heavy metal ion or vegetable slurries through concentrating or without concentrating or after dilution, adopting chemical electrophoresis or chelating intermediate processing again with the removal of heavy metal ions in gill fungus bacterium slurries or the vegetable slurries.
7. the mushroom herb restorative procedure of heavy-metal contaminated soil according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that chemical electrophoresis method is meant with anode and negative electrode two electric system electrolytic treatments gill fungus bacterium slurries or vegetable slurries, is reduced to metal with the heavy metal ion in gill fungus bacterium slurries or the vegetable slurries.
8. the mushroom herb restorative procedure of heavy-metal contaminated soil according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that the chelating intermediate processing is meant that gill fungus bacterium slurries or vegetable slurries are after acidifying, add chelating agent and carry out chelatropic reaction, add precipitating reagent or flocculant again and obtain the heavy metal ion compound precipitation.
9. the mushroom herb restorative procedure of heavy-metal contaminated soil according to claim 1 and 2, the gill fungus bacterium compost plant residue, gill fungus bacterium slurries and the vegetable slurries that it is characterized in that removing after the heavy metal ion join in the methane-generating pit, are used for biogas fermentation.
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