CN102078879A - Method for accelerating removal of heavy metals in polluted soil - Google Patents
Method for accelerating removal of heavy metals in polluted soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN102078879A CN102078879A CN 201010514266 CN201010514266A CN102078879A CN 102078879 A CN102078879 A CN 102078879A CN 201010514266 CN201010514266 CN 201010514266 CN 201010514266 A CN201010514266 A CN 201010514266A CN 102078879 A CN102078879 A CN 102078879A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for accelerating removal of heavy metals in polluted soil, belonging to the technical field of resource environment. The method comprises the steps of: a, planting mushrooms or herbaceous plants or mixed cropping of mushrooms and herbaceous plants, which have strong capability in enriching the heavy metals, on polluted soil to absorb and enrich heavy metal ions in the soil; b, carrying out close planting on the soil, which is 2-4 denser than the conventional planting; c, spraying auxin once respectively in early growth period and the growth period of the mushrooms or the herbaceous plants so as to enable the mushrooms or the herbaceous plants to grow excessively and accelerate the enrichment of the heavy metal ions in the soil; d, after the excessively grow materials are fully grown, harvesting, rotting or crushing, homogenating, and filtering to obtain mushroom slurry rich in heavy metal ions; and e, removing the heavy metal ions in the mushroom slurry by adopting a chemical electrophoresis method or a chelated precipitation method. The method provided by the invention has a short period, is easy to implement and can be used for accelerating the removal of the heavy metal ions in the soil fundamentally.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of resource environments, be specifically related to the heavy metal removal method in the contaminated by heavy metals soil.
Background technology
Soil is the main matter basis that the mankind depend on for existence.Along with industrialization, urbanization process are constantly accelerated, heavy metal pollution of soil is serious day by day, and wherein cadmium (Cd), plumbous (Pb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), nickel (Ni) etc. are more common heavy metal pollution.3,400,000 tons of Cu are discharged in the whole world every year on average, 5,000,000 tons of Pb, about 1.5 ten thousand tons of Hg, 1,500 ten thousand tons of Mn, 1,000,000 tons of Ni, this severe contamination environment.In China, be subjected to about 2,500 ten thousand hectares of the agricultural land soil of heavy metal pollution, the grain that is subjected to heavy metal pollution every year is up to 1,200 ten thousand tons, and vegetables, Chinese medicine that are subjected to heavy metal pollution etc. are also a lot, more than 100 hundred million yuan of the direct economic losses that causes.Heavy metal pollution of soil improvement and the difficulty of recovering are big, and can propagate up to the people through food chain enrichment layer by layer, have a strong impact on human health.The heavy-metal contaminated soil reparation difficult problem that now become international.For realizing sustainable development, improve the human lives, removing heavy metal in soil effectively just becomes when previous very urgent task.The reparation of heavy-metal contaminated soil now mainly contains engineering control reparation, physical chemistry reparation, chemistry reparation, agricultural reparation and five kinds of methods of biological restoration.Preceding four kinds of methods are more traditional improvement methods, though obtained certain effect in the practical application Shen, exist manpower and financial resources wasteful, implement complicated, control expense is high, easily cause defective such as soil fertility reduction, be unfavorable for applying on a large scale.Bioremediation technology is administered heavy metal pollution of soil in recent years becomes main flow, and biological restoration comprises animal reparation, phytoremediation and microorganism reparation.Wherein, phytoremediation is the emphasis and the focus of present international and domestic research, the phytoremediation advantage: easily plantation, enriching quantity be big, can pull out the heavy metal in the soil; Phytoremediation shortcoming: the long (draft 1 year of plant growth cycle, woody 3-5, have a strong impact on agricultural production), (burning is an agent technology to the subsequent treatment trouble, but contaminated air), plant is not perishable again, cause existing phytoremediation technology in fact only to play an enrichment and concentrate the heavy metal-polluted soil ion, after heavy metal ion is absorbed from soil and is transported in the plant, though it is few in the soil, but heavy metal ion is not also removed from environment at all, still be present in the plant in the environment, no matter be burning or rotten, the heavy metal ion of enrichment can be got back to again in environment or the soil in the plant, the most a lot of the effects that pollution are transported to other zones.Mushroom is meant the macro fungi of remarkable fructification, is divided into meat, and wooden or keratin belongs to basidiomycetes mostly, and part belongs to sac fungus.Mushroom has following characteristics: kind is many, aboundresources, growth cycle is short, breeding period is long, biomass is big, the habitat is various.Eighties of last century is since the seventies, from selecting environmental pollution indicators and food security angle, mushroom and heavy metal relation has been carried out big quantity research both at home and abroad, found that: mushroom has stronger tolerance and accumulation ability to heavy metal, and mushroom is by directly absorbing heavy metal floating in the air or accumulating heavy metal (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn etc.) in the soil matrix by mycelium.Chinese patent application publication number CN 101088644A discloses a kind of mushroom recovery technique of heavy-metal contaminated soil, be that plantation comes heavy metal ion in the enrichment soil to the mushroom of the strong accumulation ability of heavy metal tool on contaminated soil, after the mushroom maturation, gather mushroom and through rotting or obtain being rich in the mushroom slurries of heavy metal ion through pulverizing, homogenate, filtration is adopted will pester removal of heavy metal ions in the slurries of chemical electrophoresis or chelating intermediate processing again.This method exists to be removed heavy metal in soil and will pester by the time and finish growth cycle and could remove the deficiency that removal heavy metal speed is slow, the time is grown.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is: provide a kind of quickening fundamentally to pull out heavy metal ion in the soil, the cycle is short, and the method for contaminated by heavy metals heavy metal in soil is removed in easy to implement accelerating.
The objective of the invention is to realize by following technical proposals.
A kind of method of accelerating to remove heavy metal in the contaminated soil:
A. be that plantation absorbs the heavy metal ion in the enrichment soil to the mushroom or the herbaceous plant of the strong accumulation ability of heavy metal tool or mix up mushroom and herbaceous plant on contaminated soil;
B. make to the mushroom of the strong accumulation ability of heavy metal tool or herbaceous plant or the mushroom that mixes up and herbaceous plant dense planting in soil be general planting 2-4 doubly;
C. at mushroom or herbaceous plant early growth period and respectively spray 1 secondary growth element growth period, make the overgrowing of mushroom or herbaceous plant, accelerate to absorb the heavy metal ion in the enrichment soil;
D. after Feng Chang mushroom or herbaceous plant or the mushroom that mixes up and herbaceous plant grow up to, gather mushroom or herbaceous plant or mushroom that mixes up and herbaceous plant, and through rotting or obtaining being rich in the mushroom slurries of heavy metal ion through pulverizing, homogenate, filtration;
E. adopt will pester removal of heavy metal ions in the slurries of chemical electrophoresis or chelating intermediate processing again.
A kind of method of accelerating to remove heavy metal in the contaminated soil, described mushroom is: agaricus bisporus (Agaricus bisporus), Agaricus macrosporus (Agaricus macrosporus), Stropharia rugoso-annulata (Stropharla rugoso-annv ' la ta), Jin Fugu (Tricholoma giganteum Massee), long root mushroom (Oudenmansiellaradicata), straw mushroom (Voluariella voluacea), parasol mushroom (Macrolepiotaprocera), cepe (Boletus edulis), Lepista mucla (Bull.:Fr.) Cooke (Lepistanuda), coprinus comatus (Coprinus comatus), red pixie stool (Cantharellus cinnabarinus), Dictyophora echino-volvata Zane (Dictyophora echino-volvata), reticulate pattern Lasiosphaera fenzlii (Lycoperdon perlatum), calvatia gigantea (Calvatia gigantea) or Earthstar mushrooms such as (Geastrum triplex).Be adapted at cultivating in the soil promptly general alleged mushroom.
A kind of method of accelerating to remove heavy metal in the contaminated soil, described herbaceous plant is: clover grass, selfheal, Indian mustard, Chinese cabbage, love penny cress, roundleaf penny cress or short lobe penny cress etc.
A kind of method of accelerating to remove heavy metal in the contaminated soil, described auxin is: be raw material with nucleic acid, mainly be from fermentation plant (Gourmet Powder Factory, brewery, antibiotics plant, yeast factory, amino acid factory, the paper mill, active ferment mud after the sewage disposal etc.) byproduct (leftover bits and pieces) mycelium after the fermentation adopt the nucleic acid of dry method or wet production be raw water separate obtain the nucleosides hydrochlorate, the nucleosides hydrochlorate mainly is meant: 5 '-adenylate disodium or potassium, 5 '-bird adenylate disodium or potassium, 5 '-cytidine monophosphate disodium or potassium, 5 '-four kind 5 in uridine monophosphate disodium or potassium '-sodium salt or the sylvite of mixed nucleotides; The deoxyribonucleoside hydrochlorate is meant: 5 '-desoxyadenossine acid disodium or potassium, 5 '-deoxidation bird adenylate disodium or potassium, 5 '-deoxycytidine acid disodium or potassium, 5 '-the BrdU acid disodium,, 5 '-five kind 5 in AZT acid disodium or potassium '-sodium salt or the sylvite of deoxidation mixed nucleotides.Described auxin also can be: 920, and triacontanol and other can promote the stimulin of excessive vegetative growth.
In the present invention:
By discovering the heavy metal ion that fundamentally to remove fast in the soil in a large number, must add two kinds of methods of chemical treatment in conjunction with bio-absorbable; Rely on earlier suitable biological treated, fast enriching concentrates the heavy metal ion of the low concentration that disperses in the soil environment, after with enrichment the biological treatment of heavy metal ion become slurries, rely on methods such as chemical electrophoresis or chelating precipitation that the heavy metal ion electrolysis is gone out or be precipitated out, could from soil, remove out heavy metal pollution fast like this.Mushroom and some herbaceous plant through handling on cultural method are exactly a biological concentration device rapidly and efficiently.Find also that by big quantity research the excessive use of some auxin can promote mushroom and the overgrowing of some herbaceous plant, cooperation is with dense planting and allow its overgrowing, just can in heavy-metal contaminated soil, grow quickly and easily, and enriching heavy metal ion rapidly and efficiently, utilize general mushroom and some herbaceous plant growth cycles to lack (the 3-5 month) [mushroom after the overgrowing and some herbaceous plant growth cycles shorter (the 1-2 month), the enriching heavy metal ion is faster, like this, it is suitable season in 1 year, repeated multiple times is removed becomes possibility], the field cultivation technology maturation, different mushrooms and different herbaceous plant can also optionally absorb the characteristics of different heavy metals, by in conjunction with chemical electrophoresis, simple ripe method such as chelating precipitation can fundamentally be pulled out the heavy metal pollution ion, its general effect can reach fast (but suitable repeated multiple times removing in season in a year), can remove the heavy metal pollution ion of plough horizon 70～95%.
The specific embodiment:
Further specify the present invention below by embodiment, the present invention is not limited by embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
On contaminated soil, plant agaricus bisporus (Agaricus bisporus) and come the cadmium (Cd) in the enrichment soil, plumbous (Pb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) metal ion.
Cultivation of agaricus bisporus technology: preparation compost (excrement grass culturing material/no excrement synthesis material)-fermentation reactor system (compost prewet-build heap-turning-after fermentation)-sowing (generally the 2-3 of application rate times) hair tube reason-earthing-fruiting-spray and gather auxin-overgrowing-(the 1-2 month).Low temperature mushroom during agaricus bisporus belongs to is fit to the plantation in spring.The agaricus bisporus plantation of overgrowing 1-2 month is more than the bright mushroom 7600kg of average yield per mu.The gather agaricus bisporus of overgrowing, through blend, homogenate, filtration, the bright mushroom of every kg is diluted to 0.6L (liter) slurries, various metal ion contents are in the slurries: Cd is 25.8mg/L, Pb is 57.0mg/L, Cr is 12.6mg/L, Cu is 56.8mg/L, Zn is 63.8mg/L.
Above-mentioned agaricus bisporus slurries are put into the plastic material electrophoresis tank, regulate the pH value of slurries, regulate electrolyte, electrophoresis tank inserts two electrode systems of anode and negative electrode, connect D.C. regulated power supply, regulation voltage, electrolysis, Cd in the agaricus bisporus slurries, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn metal ion are reduced to metal and adhere on the electrophoresis tank cathode surface, obtain alloy.Agaricus bisporus slurries dehydration back after the removal heavy metal ion produces fertilizer etc.
Agaricus bisporus can reach 146.0mg/kg (dry weight to the average enriching quantity of Cd, down with), the average enriching quantity of Pb can reach 340.0mg/kg, can reach 68.0mg/kg to the average enriching quantity of Cr, average enriching quantity to Cu can reach 350.0mg/kg, can reach 370.0mg/kg to the average enrichment collection of Zn.Like this, but can remove the polluted heavy metals of soil arable layer 76～86%.A season, can remove 2-3 time repeatedly, can reach the purpose of quick and complete removing.
Embodiment 2
Be on contaminated soil, to plant straw mushroom (Voluariella voZuacea) to come lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) metal ion in the enrichment soil.Press the general condition cultivation, make its overgrowing, the bright mushroom 9000kg of per mu yield.The straw mushroom of gathering, through pulverizing, homogenate, filtration, the bright mushroom of every kg is diluted to 0.6L (liter) slurries.The Volvaria volvacea cultivation technology: preparation compost (rice wheat straw class matrix)-windrow ferments-sows seeds the 2-3 of application rate (doubly general)-and earthing-fruiting-spray auxin makes that it is crazy-gathers.Straw mushroom belongs to happiness high temperature mushroom, and the season of growth, growth was fast, the cycle is short, from being seeded into fruiting about 2 weeks in the 6-9 month.Other subsequent treatment is with embodiment 1.Like this, but can remove the polluted heavy metals of soil arable layer 76～88%.A season, can remove 2-3 time repeatedly, can reach the purpose of quick and complete removing.
Embodiment 3
Be to plant coprinus comatus (Coprinus comatus) to come lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) ion in the enrichment soil on contaminated soil, the overgrowing plantation 1-2 month is about the bright mushroom 12000kg of per mu yield.The coprinus comatus of gathering, through blend, homogenate, filtration, the bright mushroom of every kg is diluted to the 0.6L slurries, the Pb metal ion content is 19.5mg/L in the slurries, the Cu metal ion content is 25mg/L, the Zn metal ion content is 39.3mg/L.Other is with embodiment 1.Adopt coprinus comatus that 1 mu of contaminated soil is repaired, but can remove lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) ionic soil of soil arable layer 76～88%.A season, can remove 2-3 time repeatedly, can reach the purpose of quick and complete removing substantially.
Claims (4)
1. method of accelerating to remove heavy metal in the contaminated soil is characterized in that:
A. be that plantation absorbs the heavy metal ion in the enrichment soil to the mushroom or the herbaceous plant of the strong accumulation ability of heavy metal tool or mix up mushroom and herbaceous plant on contaminated soil;
B. make to the mushroom of the strong accumulation ability of heavy metal tool or herbaceous plant or the mushroom that mixes up and herbaceous plant dense planting in soil be general planting 2-4 doubly;
C. at mushroom or herbaceous plant early growth period and respectively spray 1 secondary growth element growth period, make the overgrowing of mushroom or herbaceous plant, accelerate to absorb the heavy metal ion in the enrichment soil;
D. after Feng Chang mushroom or herbaceous plant or the mushroom that mixes up and herbaceous plant grow up to, gather mushroom or herbaceous plant or mushroom that mixes up and herbaceous plant, and through rotting or obtaining being rich in the mushroom slurries of heavy metal ion through pulverizing, homogenate, filtration;
E. adopt will pester removal of heavy metal ions in the slurries of chemical electrophoresis or chelating intermediate processing again.
2. according to the described a kind of method of accelerating to remove heavy metal in the contaminated soil of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described mushroom is agaricus bisporus, Agaricus macrosporus, Stropharia rugoso-annulata, Jin Fugu, long root mushroom, straw mushroom, parasol mushroom, cepe, Lepista mucla (Bull.:Fr.) Cooke, coprinus comatus, red pixie stool, Dictyophora echino-volvata Zane, reticulate pattern Lasiosphaera fenzlii, calvatia gigantea or Earthstar.
3. according to the described a kind of method of accelerating to remove heavy metal in the contaminated soil of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described herbaceous plant is: clover grass, selfheal, Indian mustard, Chinese cabbage, love penny cress, roundleaf penny cress or short lobe penny cress.
4. according to the described a kind of method of accelerating to remove heavy metal in the contaminated soil of claim 1, it is characterized in that:: described auxin is: the nucleosides hydrochlorate that obtains behind the nucleic acid hydrolysis.
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| CN 201010514266 CN102078879A (en) | 2010-10-21 | 2010-10-21 | Method for accelerating removal of heavy metals in polluted soil |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104117529A (en) * | 2014-07-09 | 2014-10-29 | 华南师范大学 | In-situ remediation method of acidic soil containing heavy metals |
| CN106517296A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-03-22 | 包头稀土研究院 | Method for preparing cerium oxide by using herbaceous plant precipitating agent |
| CN106587129A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-04-26 | 包头稀土研究院 | Method for preparing neodymium oxide from herbaceous plant precipitant |
| CN106587130A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-04-26 | 包头稀土研究院 | Method for preparing praseodymium oxide with herbaceous plant precipitator |
| CN106734182A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-05-31 | 四川省文景环保工程有限公司 | A kind of method that utilization plant promotes plant absorption heavy metal |
| CN106745167A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-05-31 | 包头稀土研究院 | The method that lanthana is prepared with herbaceous plant precipitating reagent |
| CN107836291A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-03-27 | 广西壮族自治区畜牧研究所 | A kind of interplanting method of wing pod Cassia tora and khuskhus |
| CN113385529A (en) * | 2021-07-09 | 2021-09-14 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院农业质量标准与检测研究所 | Fungus grass restoration technology for heavy metal contaminated soil |
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| CN101088641A (en) * | 2007-07-17 | 2007-12-19 | 四川大学 | Bispore mushroom repairing technology of heavy metal polluted soil |
| CN100534652C (en) * | 2007-07-17 | 2009-09-02 | 四川大学 | Process of repairing heavy metal polluted soil with both oudemansiella radicata and Tricholoma lobynsis |
| CN101088645B (en) * | 2007-07-17 | 2010-08-25 | 四川大学 | Technology of repairing heavy metal polluted soil with mushroom herb |
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2010
- 2010-10-21 CN CN 201010514266 patent/CN102078879A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101088641A (en) * | 2007-07-17 | 2007-12-19 | 四川大学 | Bispore mushroom repairing technology of heavy metal polluted soil |
| CN100534652C (en) * | 2007-07-17 | 2009-09-02 | 四川大学 | Process of repairing heavy metal polluted soil with both oudemansiella radicata and Tricholoma lobynsis |
| CN101088645B (en) * | 2007-07-17 | 2010-08-25 | 四川大学 | Technology of repairing heavy metal polluted soil with mushroom herb |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104117529A (en) * | 2014-07-09 | 2014-10-29 | 华南师范大学 | In-situ remediation method of acidic soil containing heavy metals |
| CN104117529B (en) * | 2014-07-09 | 2016-03-23 | 华南师范大学 | A kind of in-situ remediation method containing heavy metal acid ground |
| CN106517296A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-03-22 | 包头稀土研究院 | Method for preparing cerium oxide by using herbaceous plant precipitating agent |
| CN106587129A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-04-26 | 包头稀土研究院 | Method for preparing neodymium oxide from herbaceous plant precipitant |
| CN106587130A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-04-26 | 包头稀土研究院 | Method for preparing praseodymium oxide with herbaceous plant precipitator |
| CN106745167A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-05-31 | 包头稀土研究院 | The method that lanthana is prepared with herbaceous plant precipitating reagent |
| CN106734182A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-05-31 | 四川省文景环保工程有限公司 | A kind of method that utilization plant promotes plant absorption heavy metal |
| CN106734182B (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2020-05-29 | 四川省文景环保工程有限公司 | Method for promoting plants to absorb heavy metals by using plants |
| CN107836291A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-03-27 | 广西壮族自治区畜牧研究所 | A kind of interplanting method of wing pod Cassia tora and khuskhus |
| CN113385529A (en) * | 2021-07-09 | 2021-09-14 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院农业质量标准与检测研究所 | Fungus grass restoration technology for heavy metal contaminated soil |
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