CN100534652C - Process of repairing heavy metal polluted soil with both oudemansiella radicata and Tricholoma lobynsis - Google Patents
Process of repairing heavy metal polluted soil with both oudemansiella radicata and Tricholoma lobynsis Download PDFInfo
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- CN100534652C CN100534652C CNB2007100495305A CN200710049530A CN100534652C CN 100534652 C CN100534652 C CN 100534652C CN B2007100495305 A CNB2007100495305 A CN B2007100495305A CN 200710049530 A CN200710049530 A CN 200710049530A CN 100534652 C CN100534652 C CN 100534652C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to environment protecting technology, and is technological process of repairing heavy metal polluted soil with Oudemansiella radicata and Tricholoma lobynsis. The technological process includes cultivating Oudemansiella radicata and Tricholoma lobynsis in heavy metal polluted soil, collecting mature Oudemansiella radicata and Tricholoma lobynsis, treating the collected Oudemansiella radicata and Tricholoma lobynsis to obtain slurry containing heavy metal, and chemical electrophoresis or chelating precipitation to eliminate heavy metal ion from the slurry. The present invention utilizes Oudemansiella radicata and Tricholoma lobynsis with short growth period, powerful heavy metal ion enriching capacity and other features as main biological enriching devices and other simple chemical processes, and has high heavy metal ion eliminating rate.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to technical field of resource environments, be specifically related to the method for long root mushroom and golden good fortune mushroom renovation of heavy metal polluted soil with combined.
Background technology:
Soil is the main matter basis that the mankind depend on for existence, along with industrialization, urbanization process, heavy metal pollution of soil is serious day by day, and wherein cadmium (Cd), plumbous (Pb), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) etc. are more common heavy metal pollution.About 1.5 ten thousand tons of Hg is discharged in the whole world every year on average, and Cu is 3,400,000 tons, and Pb is 5,000,000 tons, and Mn is 1,500 ten thousand tons, and Ni is 1,000,000 tons, severe contamination environment.Now China is subjected to about 2,500 ten thousand hectares of the agricultural land soil of heavy metal pollution, nearly 1,200 ten thousand tons in annual contaminated by heavy metals grain, and the direct economic loss that causes is above 10,000,000,000 yuan.
The heavy metal pollution improvement of soil and the difficulty of recovering are big, and can propagate up to the people through food chain enrichment layer by layer, have a strong impact on human health.In case the capacity of dissolving of heavy metal reaches capacity, will become " time bomb " in the agricultural production.The heavy-metal contaminated soil reparation difficult problem that now become international is to realize sustainable development, improves and improves the human lives, therefore, removes heavy metal in soil effectively and pollutes and become when previous very urgent task.
The reparation of heavy-metal contaminated soil now mainly contains engineering control reparation, physical chemistry reparation, chemistry reparation, agricultural reparation and five kinds of methods of biological restoration.Preceding four kinds of methods are more traditional improvement methods, though obtained certain effect in actual applications, exist manpower and financial resources wasteful, implement complicated, control expense is high, easily cause defective such as soil fertility reduction, be unfavorable for applying on a large scale.
Bioremediation technology is administered heavy metal pollution of soil in recent years becomes main flow, and biological restoration comprises animal reparation, phytoremediation and microorganism reparation.Wherein, phytoremediation is the emphasis and the focus of present international and domestic research, and country has given a large amount of subsidies, has obtained certain effect.The phytoremediation advantage: easily plantation, enriching quantity be big, can pull out the heavy metal in the soil; Phytoremediation shortcoming: the long (draft 1 year of plant growth cycle, woody 3-5, have a strong impact on agricultural production), (burning is an agent technology to the subsequent treatment trouble, but contaminated air), plant is not perishable again, cause existing phytoremediation technology in fact only to play an enrichment and concentrate the heavy metal-polluted soil ion, after heavy metal ion is absorbed from soil and is transported in the plant, though it is few in the soil, but heavy metal ion is not also removed from environment at all, still be present in the plant in the environment, no matter be burning or rotten, the heavy metal ion of enrichment can be got back to again in environment or the soil in the plant, the most a lot of the effects that pollution are transported to other zones.
Eighties of last century is since the seventies, from selecting environmental pollution indicators and food security angle, both domestic and external gill fungus bacterium and heavy metal relation have been carried out big quantity research, found that: the gill fungus bacterium has stronger tolerance and accumulation ability to heavy metal, and the gill fungus bacterium is by directly absorbing heavy metal floating in the air or accumulating heavy metal (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn etc.) in the soil matrix by mycelium.
Long root mushroom (Oudermansiella radicata) belongs to Basidiomycotina, Hymenomycetes, Agaricales, Tricholomataceae, the graceful Pseudomonas of little Order, the Chinese another name is common a kind of autochthonal domestomycetes of summer and autumn for long root money bacterium, Oudemansiella radiata (Relhan.: Fr.) Sing, hen fir, dew chicken fir etc.
Jin Fugu (Trichooma giganteum Massee/Tricholomalobayensc heim) belongs to Basidiomycotina, Hymenomycetes, Agaricales, dried mushroom material, white mushroom genus.The Chinese another name is Luo Bayi dried mushroom, Lip river crust dried mushroom, big dried mushroom etc., and plantation before and after spring end to the mid-autumn of being everlasting is common a kind of autochthonal domestomycetes.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to overcome prior art and fail fundamentally to pull out the deficiency of the heavy metal ion in the soil, for people provide a kind of cycle short, easy to implement, and can fundamentally pull out the method for the long root mushroom and the golden good fortune mushroom renovation of heavy metal polluted soil with combined of heavy metal in soil ion.
The objective of the invention is to realize by following technical proposals.
The method of long root mushroom of the present invention and golden good fortune mushroom renovation of heavy metal polluted soil with combined is to plant long root mushroom and Jin Fugu on contaminated soil simultaneously, rely on two kinds of mushrooms to come heavy metal ion in the excess absorption soil as the biological concentration device, after the thalline maturation, gather thalline and through blending, homogenate, rotting, filter the mushroom slurries that obtain being rich in heavy metal ion adopts chemical electrophoresis or chelating intermediate processing that the vertical metal ion in the mushroom slurries is removed again.
Heavy metal described in the such scheme is the heavy metal of environmental pollution aspect indication, mainly is meant the significant cadmium of bio-toxicity, lead, chromium, also comprises pollutants such as heavy metal zinc with toxicity, copper.
In the such scheme, the mushroom slurries that are rich in heavy metal ion are through concentrating or without concentrating or after dilution, adopting chemical electrophoresis or chelating intermediate processing with the removal of heavy metal ions in the mushroom slurries again.
In the such scheme, chemical electrophoresis method is meant with anode and negative electrode two electric system electrolytic treatments mushroom slurries, the heavy metal ion in the mushroom slurries is reduced to metal.
In the such scheme, the chelating intermediate processing is meant the mushroom slurries after acidifying, adds chelating agent and carries out chelatropic reaction, adds precipitating reagent or flocculant again and obtains the heavy metal ion compound precipitation.
In the such scheme, the mushroom slurries after the removal heavy metal ion join in the methane-generating pit, are used for biogas fermentation.
The present inventor is by big quantity research, and the heavy metal ion in the soil will be fundamentally pulled out in discovery, must be in conjunction with biological restoration and two kinds of methods of chemical treatment; Rely on suitable biological first enrichment to concentrate the heavy metal ion of the low concentration that disperses in the soil environment earlier, after with enrichment the biological treatment of heavy metal ion become slurries, rely on methods such as chemical electrophoresis or chelating precipitation that the heavy metal ion electrolysis is gone out or be precipitated out, be only like this and from environment, pulled out out heavy metal pollution.Past is from selecting studies show that of environmental pollution indicators and food security field: many gill fungus bacterium have stronger accumulation ability to heavy metal ion, but the no one recognizes heavy-metal contaminated soil so far, the gill fungus bacterium is exactly a high-performance bio enricher, the gill fungus bacterium is growth and energy efficiently concentrating heavy metal ion in heavy-metal contaminated soil quickly and easily, so fail this knowledge is applied to the biological restoration field of heavy-metal contaminated soil, therefore, select suitable gill fungus bacterium bacterial classification to have science original creativity and actual application value as biological concentration device restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal.。
Because the biological growth characteristic of long root mushroom and Jin Fugu is similar, optimum temperature as their fruitings all is about 25 ℃, need 85%～95% relative humidity of atomsphere during fruiting, optimal light intensity is about 300 luxs, it all is neutral that pH requires, field management is also simple relatively, and all heavy metal is had very strong accumulation ability.The mode of planting between taking is administered contaminated soil, compared with single cropping, more can fully utilize them separately to the ability of different heavy metal accumulations, enrichment heavy metal-polluted soil faster and more, can reach good effect to the various heavy contaminated land, so long root mushroom and Jin Fu mushroom renovation of heavy metal polluted soil with combined are good a kind of methods.
The technology of the present invention has following advantage:
The present invention is main biological concentration device with long root mushroom and Jin Fugu, making full use of two kinds of mushrooms can grow under similar edaphic condition at the same time, biomass is bigger, growth cycle short (2-3 month), the field cultivation technology maturation, enriching heavy metal ion ability is strong, can adsorb the various heavy characteristics, fully utilizes them separately to the ability of different heavy metal accumulations, faster and more the enrichment heavy metal-polluted soil; Planting two kinds of mushrooms of cultivation in the heavy-metal contaminated soil between a large amount of the mixing, collect ripe mushroom and make the mushroom slurries, go out or be settled out heavy metal ion by simple ripe chemical method electrolysis such as chemical electrophoresis or chelating precipitation, remove heavy metal pollution from environment fully, plough horizon heavy metal pollution average removal rate can reach 60～90%.
The specific embodiment:
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with embodiment, and the present invention is not limited only to described embodiment:
Embodiment one
This example is that joint implant long root mushroom and Jin Fugu come the cadmium (Cd) in the in-situ enrichment soil, plumbous (Pb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc metal ions such as (Zn) on contaminated soil.
The renovation technique process: mushroom culture medium material preparation → base-material fermentation → mushroom strains preparation → fermentation base-material in soil, plant between shop fixtures → two kind of mushroom in the growth of contaminated soil (reparation of contaminated soil original position) → mushroom and enriching heavy metal → fruiting gather → enrichment the mushroom of heavy metal prepare mushroom slurries → mushroom slurries and put into the plastic material electrophoresis tank, regulate two electrode systems that pH value and electrolyte → electrophoresis tank inserts anode and negative electrode, connect D.C. regulated power supply, metal ion (the cadmium in the mushroom slurries is separated out in regulation voltage → electrolysis, plumbous, chromium, copper, zinc) → precipitating metal adheres to the mushroom slurries that become on the electrophoresis tank cathode surface after alloy → removal heavy metal ion and joins in the methane-generating pit, is used for biogas fermentation.
1. compost is prepared and strain preparation:
(1) long root mushroom:
Prescription (cultivating bag): cotton seed hulls 35%, wheat skin 25%, hardwood sawdust 38%, sugar and calcium carbonate respectively 1%, water content 68%.
Earlier cotton seed hulls is prewetted, to water content be about 75%, second day,,, water content is transferred to 68% the cotton seed hulls of prewetting, wood chip, wheat skin, syrup and calcium carbonate mixing and stirring according to prescription.With the above-mentioned material that the mixes polyethylene plastic bag of packing into, high 15 centimetres to expecting, dry weight is about the 0.4-0.45 kilogram.Make a call to the about 1.5-2 of a diameter centimetre hole in the middle of the material, the bacterial classification piece is put into the hole during inoculation.Cultivated 60 days down at room temperature 22-27 ℃, the aerial hyphae of general bacterium Bag Material face can change into brown, and this is the sign of bacterium physiological maturity in the bacterium bag.
(2) Jin Fugu:
Prescription (cultivating bag): straw 78% cotton seed hulls 18% lime 2% gypsum 1% calcium superphosphate 1%.
Straw is cut into 3～5 centimeter length, puts and add quick lime in the pond, soak and picked up in 24～30 hours,, and add lime, calcium superphosphate, land plaster, build the heap fermentation then with cotton seed hulls through prewetting.Windrow fermentation time 10～15 days, middle turning 2～3 times.Compost water content 60%～65%.PH7 before the sterilization～8.Treated compost is packed in the polybag, kept 5～6 hours at 100 ℃ then, stop heating the back and continued vexed 12～28 hours, bleed heat radiation cooling.
When connecing bacterium in the bag during material temperature drop to the 25 ℃ left and right sides.Adopt the two ends seeding method, take over the culture of strains bag, take the folded bag of wall formula, tired folded 4～5 layers, ventilating duct is left in the centre.When the bacterial classification sprouting, mycelia is long loosens sack after 1/2 bag, and oxygen is advanced in the bag thoroughly, and through cultivation in 30～40 days, mycelia was covered with bag, enters physiological maturity.
2. soil covering culture and original position reparation:
Not ipsilateral in above-mentioned long root mushroom strain bag cuts 2-3 seepage mouth, in case ponding is in bag.The strain bag of holding successfully is thrown in the heavy-metal contaminated soil, and thickness of earth covering covers strain bag 2-3 centimetre approximately for good, keeps soil moisture content about about 65%.When temperature is fit to, just can budding in about 15-30 days.
With the golden good fortune mushroom strains bag of above-mentioned full mycelia, take off film, allow it change generative growth phase over to by nourishing and growing.Get final product earthing this moment.Strain bag is thrown in the heavy-metal contaminated soil, and is covered with 3～4 centimetres of soil.Spray water at last, and preserve moisture in earthing loam cake cogongrass or newspaper.Behind the general earthing 8～12 days, white hypha was climbed up native face.
Because earthing is to take the mode of planting between two kinds of mushrooms, can take different earthing modes respectively to two kinds of mushrooms, to guarantee their fruiting condition.Between the kind method: take with every square metre be unit (or as the case may be specifically select), alternate plantation long root mushroom and Jin Fugu avoid competing between them nutrition, influence fruiting separately.
3. subsequent treatment
After about 3 months, long root mushroom and Jin Fu mushroom maturation, the bright mushroom 5800kg of average yield per mu.The mushroom of gathering, blend, homogenate, rot,, filter, every kilogram is mixed bright mushroom (long root mushroom and Jin Fugu) and is diluted to 0.7 liter of mushroom slurries, various metal ion contents are in the mushroom slurries: cadmium content is 178.6 mg/litre, lead tolerance is 454.3 mg/litre, chrome content is 90.3 mg/litre, and copper content is 428.6 mg/litre, and zinc content is 480 mg/litre.
The mushroom slurries are put into the plastic material electrophoresis tank, regulate the pH value of mushroom slurries, regulate electrolyte, electrophoresis tank inserts two electrode systems of anode and negative electrode, connect D.C. regulated power supply, regulation voltage, electrolysis, lead, chromium, copper, zinc metal ion in long root mushroom and the Jin Fu mushroom mushroom slurries are reduced to metal and adhere on the electrophoresis tank cathode surface, obtain alloy.Long root mushroom and Jin Fu mushroom mushroom slurries after the removal heavy metal ion join in the methane-generating pit, are used for biogas fermentation.
In this example, long root mushroom and Jin Fugu can reach 125mg/kg to the average enriching quantity to Cd, average enriching quantity to plumbous (Pb) can reach 318 mg/kg (dry weight), average enriching quantity to chromium (C) can reach 63 mg/kg (dry weight), 300 mg/kg (dry weight) can be reached to the average enriching quantity of copper (Cu), 336 mg/kg (dry weight) can be reached the average enriching quantity of zinc (Zn).Adopt long root mushroom and Jin Fugu that 1 mu of contaminated soil is united reparation, enrichment Cd weight is 1035.9 grams, enrichment Pb weight is 2634.9 grams, enriching quantity 523.7 grams to Cr, to Cu enriching quantity 2485.9 grams, to Zn enriching quantity 2784 gram, but can extract the polluted heavy metals of soil arable layer 75～85%.
In this example, should grow according to long root mushroom and Jin Fugu the requirement of temperature conditions is arranged season and repaired the address, be fit to China middle part, south, most area of east, long root mushroom and the differentiation of Jin Fu massee fruiting bodies all are 20～28 ℃ with the optimum temperature of growing, therefore fruiting is preferably arranged in the 3～May in g～September in autumn or spring season, various places should be according to the local climate data, select spring and autumn solar term temperature to be stabilized in about 25 ℃, as fruiting month, as boundary, countdown advances 50～60 days, as best seed stage.
Embodiment two
This example is to adopt box multi-region cultivation system dystopy to pull out heavy metal (moving the soil species mushroom repairs).By collecting heavy-metal contaminated soil, carry out the earthing cultivation of long root mushroom and Jin Fugu, come the metal ions such as lead, chromium, copper, zinc in the enrichment soil.
The renovation technique process: mushroom culture medium material preparation → base-material fermentation → mushroom strains preparation → fermentation base-material in box frame soil, plant between shop fixtures → collection heavy-metal contaminated soil layer → contaminated soil heterotopic earthing plant mushroom long root mushroom and Jin Fugu → mushroom growth and enriching heavy metal → fruiting gather → enrichment the mushroom of heavy metal prepare mushroom slurries → mushroom slurries and put into the plastic material electrophoresis tank, regulate two electrode systems that pH value and electrolyte → electrophoresis tank inserts anode and negative electrode, connect D.C. regulated power supply, metal ion (the lead in the mushroom slurries is separated out in regulation voltage → electrolysis, chromium, copper, zinc) → precipitating metal adheres to the mushroom slurries that become on the electrophoresis tank cathode surface after alloy → removal heavy metal ion and joins in the methane-generating pit, is used for resigning from office and returning home of biogas fermentation → reparation back soil.
1. compost is prepared and strain preparation: with embodiment one.
2. box earthing dystopy is repaired:
(1) box earthing: pipette heavy metal soil to be repaired, suitably handle, make its crumb structure better, grogs diameter 0.5-2cm is advisable.Regulate pH7.2-7.5 with limewash behind the earthing soil disinfection.Repair process is bag bacterial classification that goes that is respectively charged into long root mushroom and Jin Fugu in selected plastics or wooden box frame, covers thick soil earlier, treats to cover fine earth again, gross thickness 3-3.5cm, water content 18-20% after mycelia climbs soil.
(2) management of producing mushroom: about 13 days, mycelia climbs to the fine earth middle level behind the earthing, adjusts the temperature to below 22 ℃ spray knot mushroom water, about 1kg/m
2, 2-3 days continuously, and add forced ventilation.Thereafter cut off the water 2-3 days, minimizing is ventilated and is promoted original hase differentiation and fructification to form, and will keep overburden layer moistening during the product mushroom.
3. subsequent treatment (with embodiment one)
This example adopts box multi-region cultivation system, front and back fermentation, cultural hypha, fruiting stage etc. are placed respectively in the suitableeest temperature (long root mushroom and the differentiation of Jin Fu massee fruiting bodies all are 20～28 ℃ with the optimum temperature of growing), the humidity chamber, not limited by external condition, and be furnished with feeding, sowing, covering device, year cultivation number of times can be up to 5-6 time, applied range, the suitable good farmland soil of repairing local severe contamination.
Embodiment three
This example is to adopt box multi-region cultivation system dystopy to pull out heavy metal (moving the soil species mushroom repairs).By collecting heavy-metal contaminated soil, carry out the earthing cultivation of long root mushroom and Jin Fugu, come the metal ions such as lead, chromium, copper, zinc in the enrichment soil.
This routine renovation technique is except that subsequent treatment, and all the other are with embodiment two.
This routine subsequent treatment operation is as follows:
After about 3 months, long root mushroom and golden good fortune mushroom maturation, the mushroom of gathering blends, homogenate, rots, filters, and the bright mushroom of every kg is made 0.8L mushroom slurries, adds Na
2S
2O
5/ H
2SO
4After the acidifying (pH2～3), add chelating agent/NaOH (pH8～9) and carry out chelatropic reaction, add precipitating reagent or flocculant again and obtain the heavy metal ion compound precipitation.The mushroom slurries that sedimentation separation is removed behind the heavy metal ion compound precipitation join in the methane-generating pit, are used for biogas fermentation.
Claims (5)
1. the method for a long root mushroom and golden good fortune mushroom renovation of heavy metal polluted soil with combined, it is characterized in that on contaminated soil, planting simultaneously long root mushroom and Jin Fugu, rely on two kinds of mushrooms to come heavy metal ion in the excess absorption soil as the biological concentration device, after the thalline maturation, gather thalline and through blending, homogenate, rotting, filter the mushroom slurries that obtain being rich in heavy metal ion, adopt chemical electrophoresis or chelating intermediate processing with the removal of heavy metal ions in the mushroom slurries again, obtain removing the mushroom slurries after the heavy metal ion; Described heavy metal is the heavy metal of environmental pollution aspect indication, refers to the significant cadmium of bio-toxicity, lead, chromium, zinc or copper.
2. the method for long root mushroom according to claim 1 and golden good fortune mushroom renovation of heavy metal polluted soil with combined, it is characterized in that the described mushroom slurries that are rich in heavy metal ion are through concentrating or without concentrating or after dilution, adopting chemical electrophoresis or chelating intermediate processing with the removal of heavy metal ions in the mushroom slurries again.
3. the method for long root mushroom according to claim 1 and 2 and golden good fortune mushroom renovation of heavy metal polluted soil with combined, it is characterized in that described chemical electrophoresis method is meant with anode and negative electrode two electric system electrolytic treatments mushroom slurries, is reduced to metal with the heavy metal ion in the mushroom slurries.
4. the method for long root mushroom according to claim 1 and 2 and golden good fortune mushroom renovation of heavy metal polluted soil with combined, it is characterized in that described chelating intermediate processing is meant that the mushroom slurries are after acidifying, add chelating agent and carry out chelatropic reaction, add precipitating reagent or flocculant again and obtain the heavy metal ion compound precipitation.
5. the method for long root mushroom according to claim 1 and golden good fortune mushroom renovation of heavy metal polluted soil with combined is characterized in that the mushroom slurries after the described removal heavy metal ion join in the methane-generating pit, is used for biogas fermentation.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102078879A (en) * | 2010-10-21 | 2011-06-01 | 高旌 | Method for accelerating removal of heavy metals in polluted soil |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108746202A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2018-11-06 | 西施生态科技股份有限公司 | The method of phoenix-tail mushroom and T.lobayense Heim renovation of heavy metal polluted soil with combined |
| CN113510144B (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2022-11-08 | 贵州星硕铭越环保科技有限公司 | Method for treating heavy metal pollution of agricultural land in zinc smelting pollution area by soil method |
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Non-Patent Citations (4)
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| Data on sodium content of common edible mushrooms. Janos Vetter.Food Chemistry,Vol.81 . 2003 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102078879A (en) * | 2010-10-21 | 2011-06-01 | 高旌 | Method for accelerating removal of heavy metals in polluted soil |
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