CN106734182B - Method for promoting plants to absorb heavy metals by using plants - Google Patents
Method for promoting plants to absorb heavy metals by using plants Download PDFInfo
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- CN106734182B CN106734182B CN201611168582.XA CN201611168582A CN106734182B CN 106734182 B CN106734182 B CN 106734182B CN 201611168582 A CN201611168582 A CN 201611168582A CN 106734182 B CN106734182 B CN 106734182B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for promoting plants to absorb heavy metals by utilizing plants, which comprises the steps of carrying out room-temperature seedling raising on wild melon in a cuttage mode, planting the survival wild melon seedlings which are raised into soil containing heavy metals, and well managing the growth of the wild melon seedlings; or directly planting the wild sweet potato in soil containing heavy metals in a cuttage or stem burying manner, after the seedling of the wild sweet potato covers the soil surface, broadcasting the rye grass seed, the ciliate desert-grass spore and/or other enriched plant seeds treated by the growth agent, or sowing the enriched plant while planting the wild sweet potato. The invention is matched with the wild sweet potato, and the wild sweet potato is utilized to promote the absorption of the enrichment plant to the heavy metal in the soil and reduce the content of the heavy metal in the soil, thereby effectively repairing the polluted soil and greatly improving the quality of the polluted soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil heavy metal pollution treatment, in particular to a method for promoting plants to absorb heavy metals by using plants.
Background
The soil heavy metal pollution remediation technology mainly comprises physical remediation, chemical remediation and biological remediation. Phytoremediation is an important measure of bioremediation. For the research on plant restoration, the research is generally focused on the aspects of screening super enrichment (enrichment of plants), researching the interaction between microorganisms and plants to promote plant absorption, and adding a chelating agent to promote the absorption of heavy metals by plants. There is little research on the aspects of promoting or weakening the absorption of heavy metals by plants.
The secretion of the plant root system can affect the quantity and the structure of rhizosphere microorganisms, and the secretion must also have certain influence on the activity or the existing state of heavy metals in soil, so that the absorption of the heavy metals by plants is also affected. It can be seen that plant-to-plant interactions (both direct and indirect) can affect the uptake of heavy metals by plants to some extent. In the actual restoration process, it is also difficult to realize the single growth of a plant in a region, and the richer plant structure also makes use of the growth of the plant and the healthy development of the ecosystem. It is therefore necessary to study the effect of plants on the uptake of heavy metals by plants in a specific phytoremediation site.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims at providing a method for promoting plants to absorb heavy metals by using plants, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
The wild sweet potatoes are important vegetation restoration plants in mining areas, and have incomparable advantages for vegetation restoration in mining areas and similar mining area environments. The tough and luxuriant stems and tendrils of the wild sweet potatoes grow in a crisscross mode, so that the wild sweet potatoes can be naturally woven into a huge fishing net, and loose soil, sandy soil and sand and stones on the surface can be firmly meshed. The stem and vine of the sweet potato grow more than 10m, run the ground and easily grow fibrous adventitious roots when touching the ground, so that the sweet potato can grow under various severe conditions. In addition, the characteristics of other plants are not attached, and the growth of secondary plants in later period is facilitated.
The ryegrass is an important plant for remedying the heavy metal pollution of the soil, and has the characteristics of easy survival, wide adaptive environment, large biomass and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for promoting plants to absorb heavy metals by using plants comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out room-temperature seedling raising on the wild sweet potatoes in a cuttage mode;
(2) planting the wild melon seedlings which are grown and survive into the soil containing heavy metals, and well managing the growth of the wild melon seedlings;
(3) or directly planting the wild sweet potatoes in soil containing heavy metals in a cuttage or stem burying manner;
(4) sowing the rye grass seeds and/or other enriched plant seeds treated by the growth regulator while planting the wild sweet potatoes or after covering the soil surface with seedlings of the wild sweet potatoes.
As a further scheme of the invention: the step (1) is specifically as follows:
selecting annual vines with the length of 6-8 cm for cutting, and dipping plant ash after cutting slips to prevent white pulp from flowing out;
soaking the cut in a rooting agent for 36-40 min before cuttage or irrigating the cut with the rooting agent;
cutting with a wooden stick or a small iron drill rod during cutting to avoid damage to the cutting vines during cutting, trimming leaves on the overground part during cutting, reserving 1-2 leaves, and ensuring that 1-2 rooting sites are under the soil;
after cuttage, watering thoroughly, and covering a sunshade net;
in order to promote the growth of cutting seedlings, after 2-3 weeks of cutting, top dressing is carried out on surviving wild melon seedlings, and after 2-3 weeks of cutting, vines are survived in a cutting mode and can be used for later use.
As a further scheme of the invention: the vines are planted in sand, vermiculite or perlite in a cuttage mode, and the temperature is kept to be 25-30 ℃.
As a further scheme of the invention: the step (2) is specifically as follows:
after the wild melon seedlings growing seedlings and surviving are planted in the soil containing heavy metals, heavy water is injected for management within 15-20 days to ensure that the soil is moist, survival and growth of the wild melon after planting are promoted, regular inspection is carried out in the early stage of growth, and water and fertilizer are supplemented according to conditions.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the step (3), the cuttage of the wild sweet potatoes in the soil containing heavy metals is specifically as follows:
carrying out cuttage in soil containing heavy metals, or constructing a relatively adaptive cuttage area in the soil containing heavy metals;
cutting with a wooden stick or a small iron drill rod during cutting to avoid damage to the cutting vines during cutting, trimming leaves on the overground part during cutting, reserving 1-2 leaves, and ensuring that 2-3 rooting sites are under the soil;
after cuttage, sufficient water is poured, and sun shading treatment is carried out;
and after 2-3 weeks of cuttage, topdressing is carried out on the surviving wild sweet potato seedlings.
As a further scheme of the invention: the method comprises the following steps of constructing a relatively adaptive cutting area in the soil containing the heavy metals:
digging a cutting pit with the width and the depth of not less than 10cm in the soil containing heavy metals, filling the cutting pit with a matrix for promoting growth, and treating the cutting pit to avoid the over-rapid loss of the soil in the cutting pit.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the step (3), the stem burying of the wild sweet potatoes is carried out in the soil containing heavy metals, which specifically comprises the following steps:
cutting the wild sweet potato stems into small sections of 8-12 cm;
selecting a suitable soil area, and then digging propagation small pits with the length, width and depth of 8-12 cm respectively;
crushing the soil dug out of the small breeding pits, and backfilling 2/3 soil to the small breeding pits;
placing the wild sweet potato stems in the small breeding pits, backfilling the residual soil, and watering enough water;
covering branches or grass on the small breeding pits in which the wild sweet potato stems are buried, and shading.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the step (4), before sowing the rye seeds, the rye seeds are soaked in warm water and a rooting agent for 5-7 h, taken out and drained, and then mixed with fine sand for sowing, wherein the sowing amount is 1.5-2 kg/mu.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the step (4), other enriched plant seeds include but are not limited to ciliate desert-grass spores, vetiver seeds, sedge seeds, and Indian mustard seeds.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the prior art mainly focuses on applying microorganisms or chelating agents and the like to promote the absorption of heavy metals in soil by enrichment plants, and the invention utilizes plants to promote the absorption of heavy metals in soil by plants (enrichment plants). According to the method, the wild sweet potatoes are planted in the ryegrass, so that the absorption of the ryegrass to heavy metal (cadmium) in the soil can be effectively promoted, heavy metal ions in the soil are reduced, the polluted soil is effectively repaired, and the soil quality of the polluted soil is greatly improved. In general, plants are more stable than microorganisms, respond intuitively to effective colonization, and also avoid soil contamination that may result from the application of chelating agents, and chelating agents often require higher costs. Plant interplanting and diversified plant structures ensure that the plant restoration system has higher stability and meets the requirements of ecological restoration.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for promoting heavy metal absorption by plants.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the enrichment and absorption of heavy metals by the plant of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, in the embodiment of the present invention, a method for promoting plants to absorb heavy metals includes the following steps:
(1) carrying out room-temperature seedling raising on the wild sweet potatoes in a cuttage mode;
(2) planting the survival wild melon seedlings into the soil containing heavy metals, well managing the growth of the wild melon seedlings and simultaneously ensuring that the new wild melon vines can root in time;
(3) or directly planting the wild sweet potatoes in soil containing heavy metals in a cuttage or stem burying manner;
(4) after the seedlings of the wild sweet potatoes cover the soil surface or the wild sweet potatoes are planted, the rye grass seeds and/or ciliate grass spores treated by the growth regulator are broadcast.
The method for raising the seedling of the wild sweet potatoes at room temperature by adopting a cutting mode specifically comprises the following steps:
1) selecting annual vines with the length of 6-8 cm for cutting, and dipping plant ash after cutting slips to prevent white pulp from flowing out; cutting vines in sand, vermiculite or perlite, and keeping the temperature at 25-30 ℃;
2) soaking the cut in a rooting agent for 36-40 min before cuttage or irrigating the cut with the rooting agent;
3) cutting with a wooden stick or a small iron drill rod during cutting to avoid damage to the cutting vines during cutting, trimming leaves on the overground part during cutting, reserving 1-2 leaves, and ensuring that 1-2 rooting sites are under the soil;
4) after cuttage, watering thoroughly, and covering a sunshade net;
5) in order to promote the growth of cutting seedlings, after 2-3 weeks of cutting, top dressing is carried out on surviving wild melon seedlings, and after 2-3 weeks of cutting, vines are survived in a cutting mode and can be used for later use.
Furthermore, after the wild melon seedlings which are grown and survive are planted in the soil containing heavy metals, heavy water is injected for management within 15-20 days to ensure that the soil is moist, survival and growth of the wild melon after planting are promoted, regular inspection is carried out in the early stage of growth, and water and fertilizer are supplemented according to conditions.
The cuttage of the wild sweet potatoes in the soil containing heavy metals is as follows:
1) carrying out cuttage in soil containing heavy metals, or constructing a relatively adaptive cuttage area in the soil containing heavy metals;
2) cutting with a wooden stick or a small iron drill rod during cutting to avoid damage to the cutting vines during cutting, trimming leaves on the overground part during cutting, reserving 1-2 leaves, and ensuring that 2-3 rooting sites are under the soil;
3) after cuttage, sufficient water is poured, and sun shading treatment is carried out;
4) and after 2-3 weeks of cuttage, topdressing is carried out on the surviving wild sweet potato seedlings.
Further, a relatively adaptive cutting area is constructed in the soil containing heavy metals, and the specific steps are as follows:
digging a cutting pit with the width and the depth of not less than 10cm in the soil containing heavy metals, filling the cutting pit with a matrix for promoting growth, and treating the cutting pit to avoid the over-rapid loss of the soil in the cutting pit.
Burying stems of the wild sweet potatoes in heavy metal-containing soil, which specifically comprises the following steps:
1) cutting the wild sweet potato stems into small sections of 8-12 cm;
2) selecting a suitable soil area, and then digging propagation small pits with the length, width and depth of 8-12 cm respectively;
3) crushing the soil dug out of the small breeding pits, and backfilling 2/3 soil to the small breeding pits;
4) placing the wild sweet potato stems in the small breeding pits, backfilling the residual soil, and watering enough water;
5) covering branches or grass on the small breeding pits in which the wild sweet potato stems are buried, and shading.
Before sowing rye seeds, soaking the rye seeds in warm water and a rooting agent for 5-7 h, fishing out, draining, mixing with fine sand, and sowing, wherein the sowing amount is 1.5-2 kg/mu.
The planting of the ciliate desert-grass is to broadcast ciliate desert-grass spores soaked with rooting agent or directly plant ciliate desert-grass seedlings which are well grown.
Case 1
Two treatment groups were set up for the experiment, namely: the wild melons in the treatment group 1 are interplanted with ryegrass, and the ryegrass in the treatment group 2 is planted independently. In order to prevent other plants from affecting the experiment, the experimental example was performed as a potting experiment. The cultivation soil is cadmium-containing cultivation soil. After 30 days of planting, harvesting overground parts of ryegrass of different treatment groups respectively, wrapping the harvested ryegrass with kraft paper, putting the packed ryegrass in a drying oven at 105 ℃ for 30min for de-enzyming, and after de-enzyming, putting the ryegrass in the drying oven at 75 ℃ for treatment for 24 h.
Sending the sample to a Kebiao detection (Qingdao) detection center for third-party determination of the content of heavy metal (cadmium) in the ryegrass.
And (3) testing items: cadmium;
testing equipment: ICP-OES;
the test basis is as follows: determination of contents of lead, arsenic, iron, calcium, zinc, aluminum, sodium, magnesium, boron, manganese, copper, barium, titanium, strontium, tin, cadmium, chromium and vanadium in DB 53/T288-activated 2009 food
The heavy metal content of the aerial parts of ryegrass is shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 comparison of the heavy metal content (mg/kg) in the aerial parts of ryegrass from different treatment groups
| Treatment group | Cadmium (mg/kg) |
| 1: interplanting of wild sweet potato and ryegrass | 5.1308 |
| 2: lolium perenne | 3.5511 |
The detection result shows that: the cadmium content in treatment group 1 was 1.4449 times the cadmium content in treatment group 2. The interplanting of the pachyrhizus can effectively improve the absorption of the ryegrass to heavy metals (cadmium).
Case 2
Two treatment groups were set up for the experiment, namely: the treatment group 1 mixed seeds of the wild sweet potatoes, the ryegrass and the broccoli, and the treatment group 2 mixed seeds of the ryegrass and the broccoli. To prevent other plants from affecting the experiment, the present case was conducted as a potting experiment. The cultivation soil is cadmium-containing cultivation soil. And after 30 days of planting, harvesting the overground parts of the ryegrass and broccoli of different treatment groups respectively, wrapping the harvested ryegrass and broccoli of different groups respectively with kraft paper, putting the wrapped ryegrass and broccoli in a drying box at 105 ℃ for 30min for enzyme deactivation, and after the enzyme deactivation, putting the ryegrass and broccoli of different treatment groups in the drying box at 75 ℃ for 24 h.
Sending the sample to a Kebiao detection (Qingdao) detection center for third-party determination of the content of heavy metal (cadmium) in the plant.
And (3) testing items: cadmium;
testing equipment: ICP-OES;
the test basis is as follows: and (3) determining the contents of lead, arsenic, iron, calcium, zinc, aluminum, sodium, magnesium, boron, manganese, copper, barium, titanium, strontium, tin, cadmium, chromium and vanadium in the DB 53/T288-activated 2009 food.
The heavy metal content of the aerial parts of ryegrass is shown in table 2 below.
TABLE 1 comparison of the heavy metal content (mg/kg) in the aerial parts of the plants of the different treatment groups
| Treatment group | Cadmium (Cd) |
| 1: lolium perenne and broccoli over-ground parts (interplanting wild sweet potato) | 7.8584 |
| 2: lolium perenneAnd aerial part of broccoli | 7.2161 |
The detection result shows that: the cadmium content in the overground part (interplanting wild sweet potato) of the ryegrass and the broccoli in the treatment group 1 is 7.8584mg/kg, and the cadmium content in the overground part of the ryegrass and the broccoli in the treatment group 2 is 7.2161 mg/kg. The cadmium content in the treatment group 1 is improved by 9.0 percent compared with that in the treatment group 2. The interplanting of the pachyrhizus can effectively improve the absorption of the ryegrass and the broccoli to heavy metal (cadmium). The experimental results show that: when various plants are mixed, the wild sweet potatoes can effectively promote the absorption of the plants to heavy metals (cadmium).
From the two cases, the interplanted pachyrhizus can effectively promote the absorption of plants to heavy metals, and has important meaning and great application value in the aspects of vegetation restoration and soil restoration in mining areas.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (3)
1. A method for promoting plants to absorb heavy metal cadmium by using plants is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, carrying out room-temperature seedling raising on the wild sweet potatoes in a cutting mode, and specifically comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting annual vines with the length of 6-8 cm for cutting, and dipping plant ash after cutting slips to prevent white pulp from flowing out;
(2) soaking the cut in a rooting agent for 36-40 min before cuttage or irrigating the cut with the rooting agent;
(3) cutting with a wooden stick or a small iron drill rod during cutting to avoid damage to the cutting vines during cutting, trimming leaves on the overground part during cutting, reserving 1-2 leaves, and ensuring that 1-2 rooting sites are under the soil;
(4) after cuttage, watering thoroughly, and covering a sunshade net;
(5) in order to promote the growth of cutting seedlings, after 2-3 weeks of cutting, top dressing is carried out on surviving wild melon seedlings, and after 2-3 weeks of cutting, vines are survived for later use;
step two, planting the survival wild melon seedlings in the soil containing heavy metal cadmium, well managing the growth of the wild melon seedlings, and simultaneously ensuring the new wild melon vines to root in time, wherein the specific steps are as follows:
after the wild melon seedlings growing seedlings and surviving are planted in the soil containing heavy metal cadmium, water management is emphasized for 15-20 days to ensure that the soil is moist, survival and growth of the wild melon after being planted are promoted, regular inspection is carried out in the early stage of growth, and water and fertilizer are supplemented according to conditions;
step three, or directly planting the wild sweet potatoes into soil containing heavy metal cadmium in a cuttage or stem burying mode, wherein:
the method comprises the following specific steps of cutting in soil containing heavy metal cadmium:
(1) performing cuttage in soil containing heavy metal cadmium, or constructing a relatively adaptive cuttage area in the soil containing heavy metal cadmium;
(2) cutting with a wooden stick or a small iron drill rod during cutting to avoid damage to the cutting vines during cutting, trimming leaves on the overground part during cutting, reserving 1-2 leaves, and ensuring that 2-3 rooting sites are under the soil;
(3) after cuttage, sufficient water is poured, and sun shading treatment is carried out; after 2-3 weeks of cuttage, topdressing is carried out on the surviving wild sweet potato seedlings;
the method for burying the stems in the soil containing the heavy metal cadmium comprises the following specific steps:
(1) cutting the wild sweet potato stems into small sections of 8-12 cm; selecting a suitable soil area, and then digging propagation small pits with the length, width and depth of 8-12 cm respectively;
(2) crushing the soil dug out of the small breeding pits, and backfilling 2/3 soil to the small breeding pits; placing the wild sweet potato stems in the small breeding pits, backfilling the residual soil, and watering enough water;
(3) covering branches or grass on the small breeding pits in which the wild sweet potato stems are buried, and shading;
step four, after the seedlings of the pachyrhizus are covered on the soil surface, the secale grass seeds and/or ciliate grass seeds treated by the growth agent are sown, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) before sowing rye seeds, soaking the rye seeds in warm water and a rooting agent for 5-7 h, fishing out, draining, mixing with fine sand, and sowing, wherein the sowing amount is 1.5-2 kg/mu;
(2) the planting of the ciliate desert-grass is the sowing of ciliate desert-grass seeds soaked with the rooting agent.
2. The method for promoting plants to absorb heavy metal cadmium by using plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vines are planted in sand, vermiculite or perlite, and the temperature is kept at 25-30 ℃.
3. The method for promoting plants to absorb the heavy metal cadmium by using the plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for constructing the relatively adaptive cutting area in the soil containing the heavy metal cadmium comprises the following specific steps:
digging a cutting pit with the width and the depth of not less than 10cm in the soil containing heavy metal cadmium, then filling the cutting pit with a matrix for promoting growth, and treating the cutting pit to avoid the over-rapid loss of the soil in the cutting pit.
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