CN101116865A - Method for producing and restoring vegetables growing in the heavy metal mildly-polluted soil - Google Patents
Method for producing and restoring vegetables growing in the heavy metal mildly-polluted soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN101116865A CN101116865A CNA2007100706221A CN200710070622A CN101116865A CN 101116865 A CN101116865 A CN 101116865A CN A2007100706221 A CNA2007100706221 A CN A2007100706221A CN 200710070622 A CN200710070622 A CN 200710070622A CN 101116865 A CN101116865 A CN 101116865A
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- heavy metal
- sedum alfredii
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- elsholtzia
- soil
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 241000124844 Sedum alfredii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 241001549572 Elsholtzia splendens Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000010799 Cucumis sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000311345 Elsholtzia haichowensis Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000010149 Brassica rapa subsp chinensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000000536 Brassica rapa subsp pekinensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000499436 Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009342 intercropping Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QPCDCPDFJACHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-bis{2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl}glycine Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(=O)O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O QPCDCPDFJACHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 240000007124 Brassica oleracea Species 0.000 abstract 2
- 235000003899 Brassica oleracea var acephala Nutrition 0.000 abstract 2
- 235000011301 Brassica oleracea var capitata Nutrition 0.000 abstract 2
- 235000001169 Brassica oleracea var oleracea Nutrition 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 2
- ASDVPEFDBFOVRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cr].[As].[Hg] Chemical compound [Cr].[As].[Hg] ASDVPEFDBFOVRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- CEKJAYFBQARQNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Cd] CEKJAYFBQARQNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a technique of remediation of slightly and medio- metal-contaminated vegetable soil with production. The specific steps are as follows: firstly, Sedum alfredii and Elsholtzia splendens are intercropped in vegetable soil contaminated by heavy metal such as cadmium, copper and zinc in spring with a with inter plant distance of ten to fifteen centimeters, row spacing of thirty centimeters; secondly, the Sedum alfredii is harvested periodically, a growth period of Sedum alfredii is three to four months during a first harvest, from then on, the Sedum alfredii is harvested every three months or when growing to a height of thirty to forty centimeters, stems of a height of two to three centimeters are left above the ground in harvest; the Elsholtzia splendens is harvested in October; thirdly, a cadmium-enriched rape is planted after the harvest of the Elsholtzia splendens with the spacing in the row of fifteen to twenty centimeters and is harvested in April of the next year; fourthly, a cucumber is planted after the harvest of the rape with the spacing in the row of twenty to twenty-five centimeters, a cabbage is planted after the harvest of the cucumber in September, the Elsholtzia splendens is planted after the harvest of the cabbage, then a restoring period is completed. Adopting a super accumulator plant for absorbing a plurality of heavy metal from the soil, the invention achieves reducing the heavy metal content in the vegetables and guaranteeing the safety of the farm produce.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the heavy metal mild or moderate and pollute the method that repair on production limit, vegetable field soil limit, belong to the improvement technical field of contaminated soil.
Background technology
At present, comparatively ripe and physical chemistry technology that be used for the heavy metal pollution of soil reparation has: soil moved in to improve the original, the technology of digging, drip washing technology, heat treatment technics, electrolysis tech, curing technology.Above-mentioned physical chemistry recovery technique respectively has its advantage, but all exists quantities big, the expense costliness, be difficult to launch the improvement of massive pollution soil, cause secondary pollution easily simultaneously and cause soil texture to destroy, ecological problems such as soil activation decline and soil fertility degeneration.Phytoremediation (phytoremediation) is that a kind of can the realization purifies the new technology that target can produce good economic benefits again and have exploitation value, compares with traditional physical chemistry technology, possesses skills and double dominant economically.China is vegetables production and consumption big country, and area reaches 1,800 ten thousand hectares.Vegetable plot multiple crop index height, agricultural chemicals and fertilizer have high input, and majority is distributed in outskirts of a town, be subjected to the urban industry pollution effect big, so soil heavy metal combined pollution are the most serious.The vegetable field soil combined pollution reduces vegetables quality, directly endanger the consumer health, influence China's Vegetables Exportation and earn foreign exchange, therefore, research and development are significant for the sustainable development that ensures agricultural, the healthy operation of promotion national economy at the bioremediation technology of China's vegetable field soil combined pollution.
Along with becoming increasingly conspicuous of environmental problem, China's agricultural production has been proposed new requirement, should reach high yield and high quality, realize the efficient utilization of resource again.China's heavy metal pollution of soil is serious day by day at present, and large tracts of land heavy metal mild or moderate polluted agricultural land is stopped farming, carries out long plant or engineering reparation, and this is unpractical under the present situation that China has a large population and a few land.There is the risk on the cultivation management on the one hand, influences normal agricultural production and farmers' income on the other hand.Therefore for the mild or moderate heavy-metal contaminated soil, adopt approach such as the low original position that drops into and do not destroy the farmland existing capability is repaired immediately, biological regulation and control, reduce the heavy metal-polluted soil biological effectiveness and, have more importantly meaning and application prospect improving agricultural product security and quality to the transportation and the accumulation at crop edible position.Hyperaccumulative plant and vegetables being done (intercropping, interplanting, crop rotation etc.) mutually, utilize hyperaccumulative plant to characteristics such as the activation of heavy metal, preferential absorption, reduce continuous cropping or content of beary metal in the interplanting vegetables with it, improve agricultural product security, will be a valid approach.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide production limit, the limit restorative procedure that a heavy metal species mild or moderate pollutes vegetable field soil, both realized that the heavy metal mild or moderate polluted the original position reparation of vegetable field soil, can reduce the content of heavy metal in the vegetables again, ensure agricultural product security.
The heavy metal mild or moderate pollutes production limit, the limit restorative procedure of vegetable field soil, may further comprise the steps:
1) planted Sedum alfredii Hance and Elsholtzia haichowensis by the vegetable field soil of cadmium, copper, zinc heavy metal pollution with intercropping system spring, planting density spacing in the rows 10-15cm, line-spacing 30cm, use the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and the fertilizer of the root growth that promotes Sedum alfredii Hance and Elsholtzia haichowensis, use the chelating agent that promotes that Sedum alfredii Hance and Elsholtzia haichowensis rhizosphere absorb heavy metal;
2) periodical reaping Sedum alfredii Hance gathers in Sedum alfredii Hance first and is growth 3-4 month, later every growth 3 months or grow into 30-40cm and highly gather in once, and overground part stays stem 2-3cm height during harvesting; Divide the results elsholtzia splendens October;
3) kind of a cadmium enrichment rape is carried in elsholtzia splendens results back, and spacing in the rows is 15-20cm, and gather in the crops April next year;
4) rape results back plantation cucumber, spacing in the rows is 20-25cm, cucumber results back plantation in September Chinese cabbage, Chinese cabbage results back plantation Elsholtzia haichowensis is finished a repairing efficiency;
5) Sedum alfredii Hance of harvesting and Elsholtzia haichowensis being transferred to other place focuses on or carries out resource processing and handle.
Among the present invention, fertilizer amount is used 20 kilograms of composite fertilizers by every mu, 500 kilograms of organic commercial fertilizers.The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer of using is N: P by weight
2O
5: K
2O=15: 15: 15.
The chelating agent that above-mentioned Sedum alfredii Hance rhizosphere is used is the DTPA of 3mmol/kg, uses in preceding 15 days in results.
The chelating agent that above-mentioned elsholtzia splendens rhizosphere is used is the EDTA of 3mmol/kg, uses in preceding 15 days in results.
Sedum alfredii Hance (Sedum alfredii Hance) is a herbaceos perennial, stem, mesophyll matter shape; Root-like stock is horizontal to be walked, the leaf alternate, and bottom Ye Chang comes off.Different with general plant, Sedum alfredii Hance is a kind of new zinc, cadmium hyperaccumulative plant, simultaneously lead is had very strong accumulation ability, cadmium, zinc, the lead of high-load in the soil is had very strong restrain oneself, absorption and accumulation ability.Under the field condition, the overground part dry weight can reach 3219kg/hm
2, overground part Zn content range is 4134～5000mg/kg, and mean value is 4515mg/kg, and the cadmium content scope is at 247～381mg/kg, and lead content is 177mg/kg.Under the lower situation of zinc in soil, cadmium, lead content, also can a large amount of zinc, cadmium, the lead of enrichment in the Sedum alfredii Hance body, so it can repair the soil of serious pollution and slight pollution.
Elsholtzia splendens is the annual herb plant, and stem is upright, in the open air up to 50～150cm.According to estimates, the dry matter production of elsholtzia splendens can reach 4.5t/hm in the open air
2Elsholtzia splendens has extremely strong patience to copper, and external enwergy out of office is a normal growth in 1645～8950mg/kg soil environment in copper content, and the copper content of its root system and aerial part can be up to 2288mg/kg and 304mg/kg, far above general plant (0～30mg/kg).In the with serious pollution soil of Cu, elsholtzia splendens can and be restrained oneself high-caliber copper by powerful and intensive root system absorption and enrichment, and the copper content of overground part can reach 0.89～1.42kg/hm
2, can reduce the copper content in the soil behind the results overground part.
Compare with traditional contaminated soil improvement method, the present invention is by zinc cadmium hyperaccumulative plant Sedum alfredii Hance, crop rotation of copper enriching plant Elsholtzia haichowensis and cadmium enrichment rape and vegetables or intercropping plant, in conjunction with different agronomy regulation measures, utilize hyperaccumulative plant that the preferential absorption of heavy metal is extracted on the one hand, the overground part cutting is carried out the strange land to be handled, reduce the soil available content of beary metal, on the other hand by making effect mutually between plant, the heavy metal that reduces the vegetables that do mutually with it absorbs and accumulation, do not destroying under farmland ecological environment and the existing plantation function prerequisite, reach the original position reparation of heavy metal mild or moderate contaminated soil, ensure the purpose of agricultural product security, do not influence normal vegetables simultaneously and produce and peasant's extra earning.This method small investment, administrative skill is less demanding, does not destroy soil physico-chemical property, and non-secondary pollution is a kind of applied range, small investment, " production limit, limit recovery technique " simple to operate.The invention solves the problem that contaminated soil reparation of mild or moderate vegetable plot and agricultural production are difficult to take into account, have good social benefit, economic benefit and environmental benefit.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is repairing efficiency of the present invention, and heavy metal content in soil changes, and among the figure, a changes for heavy metal-polluted soil full dose before and after repairing, and b changes for heavy metal-polluted soil available state before and after repairing.
The specific embodiment
Following example will further specify the feasibility and the good effect of the inventive method.
Hope new garden spot carry out two-year repairing test at the Shanghai City Jiading District.This garden spot heavy metal content in soil generally exceeds standard, belong to the mild or moderate contaminated soil, wherein soil cadmium, zinc, copper, plumbous full dose are distinguished 0.65mg/kg, 207.35mg/kg, 52.20mg/kg and 58.14mg/kg, and available state is respectively 0.16mg/kg, 7.08mg/kg, 5.45mg/kg and 1.64mg/kg.Begin test in March, 2005, soil is used composite fertilizer (N: P for every mu
2O
5: K
2O=15: 15: 15) 20kg, organic commercial fertilizer 500kg applies with base manure.In a repairing efficiency, Sedum alfredii Hance results 4 times, dry output is 448kg/667m
2, the overground part cadmium content is 22.6mg/kg, and zinc content is 5680.2mg/kg, and lead content is 94.6mg/kg, and the cadmium of taking away from soil, zinc, lead are respectively 10.0g/667m
2, 2009.5g/667m
2And 42.1g/667m
2Elsholtzia splendens results 1 time, overground part dry output 320kg/667m
2, copper content is 282.2mg/kg, and lead content is 68.6mg/kg, and zinc content is 117.4mg/kg, and the copper of taking away from soil, lead, zinc are respectively and are 73.3g/667m
2, 7.8g/667m
2, 32.7g/667m
2Rape results 1 time, overground part rape cauline leaf dry output can reach 360kg/667m
2, cadmium, the zinc taken away from soil are respectively 1.4g/667m
2And 37.5g/667m
2Cucumber results 1 time, output 1480kg/667m
2, Chinese cabbage results 2 times, output 1986kg/667m
2, two kinds of vegetables heavy metal of body content all do not exceed standard, and meet pollution-free vegetable content of beary metal standard (table 1).After finishing a repairing efficiency, the remediation efficiency that calculates with soil cadmium, zinc, copper, plumbous full dose reduction amount is respectively 13.8%, 8.7%, 2.9% and 1.5%; The remediation efficiency that calculates with soil cadmium, zinc, copper, plumbous available state reduction amount is respectively 50.7%, 39.9%, 43.1% and 21.9% (see figure 1).
Table 1 test vegetables heavy metal of body content (mg/kg)
| Vegetables | Cadmium | Plumbous | Mercury | Chromium | Arsenic |
| Cucumber | 0.04 | 0.14 | nd | 0.11 | 0.08 |
| Chinese cabbage | 0.05 | 0.18 | nd | 0.23 | 0.13 |
| Standard | ≤0.05 | ≤0.2 | ≤0.01 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 |
Claims (5)
1. a heavy metal species mild or moderate pollutes production limit, the limit restorative procedure of vegetable field soil, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
1) planted Sedum alfredii Hance and Elsholtzia haichowensis by the vegetable field soil of cadmium, copper, zinc heavy metal pollution with intercropping system spring, planting density spacing in the rows 10-15cm, line-spacing 30cm, use the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and the fertilizer of the root growth that promotes Sedum alfredii Hance and Elsholtzia haichowensis, use the chelating agent that promotes that Sedum alfredii Hance and Elsholtzia haichowensis absorb heavy metal;
2) periodical reaping Sedum alfredii Hance gathers in Sedum alfredii Hance first and is growth 3-4 month, later every growth 3 months or grow into 30-40cm and highly gather in once, and overground part stays stem 2-3cm height during harvesting; Gather in the crops elsholtzia splendens October;
3) kind of a cadmium enrichment rape is carried in elsholtzia splendens results back, and spacing in the rows is 15-20cm, and gather in the crops April next year;
4) rape results back plantation cucumber, spacing in the rows is 20-25cm, cucumber results back plantation in September Chinese cabbage, Chinese cabbage results back plantation Elsholtzia haichowensis is finished a repairing efficiency;
5) Sedum alfredii Hance of harvesting and Elsholtzia haichowensis being transferred to other place focuses on or carries out resource processing and handle.
2. heavy metal mild or moderate according to claim 1 pollutes production limit, the limit restorative procedure of vegetable field soil, it is characterized in that fertilizer amount uses 20 kilograms of composite fertilizers by every mu, 500 kilograms of fertilizers.
3. heavy metal mild or moderate according to claim 1 and 2 pollutes production limit, the limit restorative procedure of vegetable field soil, it is characterized in that the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer used, by weight being N: P
2O
5: K
2O=15: 15: 15.
4. heavy metal mild or moderate according to claim 1 pollutes production limit, the limit restorative procedure of vegetable field soil, it is characterized in that the chelating agent that the Sedum alfredii Hance rhizosphere is used is the DTPA of 3mmol/kg, uses in preceding 15 days in results.
5. heavy metal mild or moderate according to claim 1 pollutes production limit, the limit restorative procedure of vegetable field soil, it is characterized in that the chelating agent that the elsholtzia splendens rhizosphere is used is the EDTA of 3mmol/kg, uses in preceding 15 days in results.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2007100706221A CN100556562C (en) | 2007-08-31 | 2007-08-31 | One heavy metal species mild or moderate pollutes production limit, the limit restorative procedure of vegetable field soil |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2007100706221A CN100556562C (en) | 2007-08-31 | 2007-08-31 | One heavy metal species mild or moderate pollutes production limit, the limit restorative procedure of vegetable field soil |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101116865A true CN101116865A (en) | 2008-02-06 |
| CN100556562C CN100556562C (en) | 2009-11-04 |
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2007
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