CN104025913A - Method for improving capacity of descendants of Capsella bursa-pastoris to remedy cadmium-contaminated orchid soil by grafting - Google Patents
Method for improving capacity of descendants of Capsella bursa-pastoris to remedy cadmium-contaminated orchid soil by grafting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving capacity of descendants of Capsella bursa-pastoris to remedy cadmium-contaminated orchid soil by grafting and belongs to the field of remediation of environmental heavy metal contamination. The method includes the steps of when stalks of rape plants grow to 5+/-0.2cm long, cutting off 2+/-0.2cm long step tips from the stalks as rootstocks, selecting stem tips of cadmium-enriched plants of Capsella bursa-pastoris, growing in winter and producing shoots 5+/-0.2cm long, as scions 3+/-0.2cm long, grafting the stem tips of Capsella bursa-pastoris to the rape rootstocks by cleft grafting, and collecting seeds when the seeds of the grafted Capsella bursa-pastoris are ripe; raising seedlings in autumn, directly transplanting grafted descendant seedlings of the Capsella bursa-pastoris, with two true leaves expanding, into cadmium-contaminated orchid soil, watering to ensure 80% of moisture holding cavity of the field soil, and performing daily management; after 35 days when the grafted descendants of the Capsella bursa-pastoris are in the full-blossom stage, harvesting overground parts of the grafted descendants of the Capsella bursa-pastoris. The grafted descendants of the Capsella bursa-pastoris employing the rape rootstocks allow cadmium extraction per unit area to be increased; cadmium extraction is 93.89% higher than that achieved by un-grafted descendants of Capsella bursa-pastoris and is 30.78% higher than that achieved by self-grafted descendants of Capsella bursa-pastoris.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the reparation field of Heavy-Metal-Contaminated Environments, relate in particular to the method for a kind of phytoremediation orchard cadmium pollution soil.
Background technology
Along with expanding economy, the factors such as industrial pollution, field irrigation, material used for agriculture cause heavy metal to be on the rise to the pollution of soil, and wherein cadmium pollution is particularly outstanding.It is reported, China's cadmium pollution soil area has reached 200,000 km
2, account for 1/6 of total area under cultivation.At present more common method is to utilize super enriching plant to carry out green reparation, but super enriching plant from having screened exists the limitation such as plant is short and small, biomass is low, poor growth mostly, is difficult to meet production requirement.So it is necessary that current existing cadmium enriching plant or Cd-hyperaccumulator are improved.
Shepherd's purse (Latin is called Capsella bursapastoris (L.) Medic.), for Cruciferae shepherd's purse belongs to one, biennial herb plant, grows in field and roadside, distributes very extensive.Shepherd's purse is a kind of cadmium enriching plant of winter growth, can effectively extract Cadmium in Soil content, and can grow in the winter time, but its biomass is little, and cadmium extracted amount reduces with regard to corresponding, is necessary so shepherd's purse is improved.
Summary of the invention
The object of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide a kind of grafting raising shepherd's purse offspring to repair the method for orchard cadmium pollution soil ability, is intended to solve the ability that improves shepherd's purse reparation orchard cadmium pollution soil.
The present invention is achieved in that a kind of grafting raising shepherd's purse offspring repairs the method for orchard cadmium pollution soil ability, and the method comprises the following steps:
Grafting raising shepherd's purse offspring repairs a method for orchard cadmium pollution soil ability, comprises the following steps:
In the time of the long 5 ± 0.2cm of rapeseed plants stem stalk, being grown 2 ± 0.2cm stem apex excises as stock, choose the cadmium enriching plant shepherd's purse stem apex of winter growth of the long 5 ± 0.2cm of bolting as scion, adopt cleft graft by shepherd's purse grafting on rape stock, long 3 ± the 0.2cm of shepherd's purse scion, after shepherd's purse seed maturity to be grafted, collect seed; Grow seedlings autumn, directly transplants the shepherd's purse grafting offspring seedling of 2 true leaves expansion in the orchard soil of cadmium pollution, waters and guarantee that field soil moisture water-holding capacity is 80%, carries out daily management; After 35 days until shepherd's purse grafting offspring after full-bloom stage, its acrial part is gathered in.
As selection, described daily management comprises even seedling, weeds a garden.
In horticultural production, grafting is a kind of common modes of reproduction, and it refers to a part for plant corpus is fixed on another one plant corpus, makes the healing mutually of its tissue, cultivates as independent individual.Theoretically, grafting is a kind of vegetative propagation, and its scion offspring can not cause the change of proterties, but has many research all to find that some grafting meeting causes hereditability variation.But, the result of this variation is not expected, and the research of existing grafting also all concentrate on improve plant output, cultivate new varieties, improve resistance, change the aspect such as quality of yield positive results habit and the improvement fruit of plant, also from finding no the research and the report that improve plant offspring heavy metal repair ability by grafting.
The invention provides a kind of method that grafting raising shepherd's purse offspring repairs orchard cadmium pollution soil ability, wherein shepherd's purse is an a kind of biennial herb plant of cadmium pollution soil repair in the winter time, is a kind of cadmium enriching plant.The inventor studies discovery, rape carries out grafting as stock can promote the characteristic of accumulation of enriching plant shepherd's purse offspring to heavy metal cadmium, shepherd's purse grafting offspring seedling replanting using rape as stock is extremely by the soil of heavy metal cadmium thus, cadmium in absorption and accumulation contaminated soil, in the time that forming certain biomass, gathers in its acrial part, thereby make shepherd's purse improve the cadmium extracted amount of unit are, improve the object of repairing orchard soil cadmium pollution ability.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
For convenience of explanation, only show part related to the present invention.
Grafting raising shepherd's purse offspring repairs a method for orchard cadmium pollution soil ability, comprises the following steps:
In the time of the long 5 ± 0.2cm of rapeseed plants stem stalk, being grown 2 ± 0.2cm stem apex excises as stock, choose the cadmium enriching plant shepherd's purse stem apex of winter growth of the long 5 ± 0.2cm of bolting as scion, adopt cleft graft by shepherd's purse grafting on rape stock, long 3 ± the 0.2cm of shepherd's purse scion, after shepherd's purse seed maturity to be grafted, collect seed; Grow seedlings autumn, directly transplants the shepherd's purse grafting offspring seedling of 2 true leaves expansion in the orchard soil of cadmium pollution, waters and guarantee that field soil moisture water-holding capacity is 80%, carries out daily management; After 35 days until shepherd's purse grafting offspring after full-bloom stage, its acrial part is gathered in.
Comparative experimental example 1: potted plant high concentration cadmium pollution test
The enforcement place of the embodiment of the present invention: be located at farm, school district, Sichuan Agricultural University Yaan.
1, shepherd's purse grafting offspring's seed collection
The shepherd's purse seed of collecting from farm, school district, Sichuan Agricultural University Yaan (uncontaminated district) is directly seeded in to plastic basin, treats that its bolting is about 5cm and starts grafting, processing mode is as follows:
(1) not grafting (CK): directly allow shepherd's purse yield positive results, collect seed and preserve.
(2) shepherd's purse is from the grafting of seedling: the strain shepherd's purse that bolting is about to 5cm, as stock, excises for subsequent use by its stem apex (about 2cm).Another strain shepherd's purse that bolting is about to 5cm, as scion, is got its stem apex that is about 3cm and is carried out grafting.Grafting method is cleft graft, carries out bondage with the plastic tape of wide about 1cm, long 20cm, and the bound fraction of stock and scion is sticked together firmly.
(3) grafting of rape stock: in the time that rape (Wild cabbage type) plants stems stalk is about 5cm, rape stem apex (about 2cm) is excised as stock, shepherd's purse stem apex carries out grafting as scion (being about 3cm).Grafting method is cleft graft, carries out bondage with the plastic tape of wide about 1cm, long 20cm, and the bound fraction of stock and scion is sticked together firmly.
(4) management after grafting: watering after grafting and keeping water-retaining quantity among field of soil is 80%, uses plastic mulching moisturizing, and hide with sunshade net.After 10 days, progressively remove mulch film and sunshade net, and take off the plastic film of bondage, extract all young shoots that stock is sprouted.After grafting survival, irregularly water and guarantee 80% left and right of soil moisture conservation at field capacity according to soil moisture actual conditions, after shepherd's purse seed maturity, collect seed and preserve.
2, shepherd's purse grafting offspring seedling culture
In autumn (at the beginning of 9 months), the shepherd's purse grafting progeny seed of different stocks is broadcasted sowing respectively in untainted potted plant soil (soil is taken from orchard), basin specification 15 × 18cm (height × diameter), every basin fills native 3kg, every basin scatters seeds 30, earthing 2mm, watering and keeping water-retaining quantity among field of soil is 80%.In the time that having two true leaves to launch, shepherd's purse seedling transplants.
3, shepherd's purse grafting offspring's cadmium processing
The embodiment of the present invention adopts the method for potted plant simulated soil heavy metal pollution, in autumn (by the end of September), transplant Cruciferae shepherd's purse platymiscium shepherd's purse (Latin is called Capsella bursa-pastoris) seedling (two true leaves launch), these plant seedlings directly pick up from farm, school district, Sichuan Agricultural University Yaan.These plant seedlings are planted in the potted plant soil of the heavy metal cadmium that applies 50mg/kg (soil is taken from orchard), basin specification 15 × 18cm (height × diameter), every basin fills native 3kg.Test arranges 3 processing, is respectively: not grafting of shepherd's purse (CK), shepherd's purse are from seedling grafting offspring (first generation), rape stock offspring (first generation).Every basin is planted 5 strains, and each processing repeats 3 times.In transparent rain shade, cultivate, irregularly water and guarantee 80% left and right of soil moisture conservation at field capacity according to soil moisture actual conditions, after 35 days, plant to be planted is after full-bloom stage, and harvesting plant, measures the heavy metal cadmium content in plant corpus.
The heavy metal cadmium form that inventive embodiments applies is CdCl
22.5H
2o, is analytical reagent, joins in soil with the form of solution, fully mixes planting plants seedling after balance surrounding.
Embodiment of the present invention result is as follows:
The shepherd's purse grafting offspring cadmium content characteristic measurement of high concentration cadmium processing the results are shown in following table 1: the shepherd's purse grafting offspring cadmium content characteristic of table 1 high concentration cadmium processing
Note: TF is transfer ratio: acrial part cadmium content/root system cadmium content, BCF is concentration coefficient: acrial part (root system) cadmium content/Cadmium in Soil concentration for the treatment of.
Table l result shows, under high concentration cadmium is processed, grafting > is not from seedling grafting offspring > rape stock offspring for three kinds of different shepherd's purse root system cadmium contents, and the cadmium content of acrial part is contrary trend.But its cadmium content is all far longer than its critical content 100mg/kg.Three kinds of different shepherd's purse root systems and overground part BCF are all greater than 1, but TF value is less than 1, but rape stock offspring > is from not grafting shepherd's purse of seedling grafting offspring >.
The shepherd's purse grafting offspring's of high concentration cadmium processing biomass and cadmium accumulation measurement result are shown in following table 2:
The shepherd's purse grafting offspring's of table 2 high concentration cadmium processing biomass and cadmium accumulation
Table 2 result shows, rape stock offspring root system, the upperground part biomass are all better than not grafting shepherd's purse and the shepherd's purse offspring from seedling grafting, and rape stock offspring total biomass is than high by 21.40% from seedling grafting offspring, than grafting shepherd's purse is not high by 140.58.Rape stock offspring's root system and overground part cadmium accumulation are also greater than from seedling grafting offspring and grafting shepherd's purse not, and from cadmium accumulation total amount, rape stock offspring is than high by 11.90% from seedling grafting offspring, than grafting shepherd's purse is not high by 110.50%.This shows that rape is the most effective as the shepherd's purse grafting offspring of stock for the accumulation of Cadmium in Soil content.
Comparative experimental example 2: potted plant low concentration cadmium pollution test
The enforcement place of the embodiment of the present invention: be located at farm, school district, Sichuan Agricultural University Yaan.
1, shepherd's purse grafting offspring's seed collection
The shepherd's purse seed of collecting from farm, school district, Sichuan Agricultural University Yaan (uncontaminated district) is directly seeded in to plastic basin, treats that its bolting is about 5cm and starts grafting, processing mode is as follows:
(1) not grafting (CK): directly allow shepherd's purse yield positive results, collect seed and preserve.
(2) shepherd's purse is from the grafting of seedling: the strain shepherd's purse that bolting is about to 5cm, as stock, excises for subsequent use by its stem apex (about 2cm).Another strain shepherd's purse that bolting is about to 5cm, as scion, is got its stem apex that is about 3cm and is carried out grafting.Grafting method is cleft graft, carries out bondage with the plastic tape of wide about 1cm, long 20cm, and the bound fraction of stock and scion is sticked together firmly.
(3) grafting of rape stock: in the time that rape (Wild cabbage type) plants stems stalk is about 5cm, rape stem apex (about 2cm) is excised as stock, shepherd's purse stem apex carries out grafting as scion (being about 3cm).Grafting method is cleft graft, carries out bondage with the plastic tape of wide about 1cm, long 20cm, and the bound fraction of stock and scion is sticked together firmly.
(4) management after grafting: watering after grafting and keeping water-retaining quantity among field of soil is 80%, uses plastic mulching moisturizing, and hide with sunshade net.After 10 days, progressively remove mulch film and sunshade net, and take off the plastic film of bondage, extract all young shoots that stock is sprouted.After grafting survival, irregularly water and guarantee 80% left and right of soil moisture conservation at field capacity according to soil moisture actual conditions, after shepherd's purse seed maturity, collect seed and preserve.
2, shepherd's purse grafting offspring seedling culture
In autumn (at the beginning of 9 months), the shepherd's purse grafting progeny seed of different stocks is broadcasted sowing respectively in untainted potted plant soil (soil is taken from orchard), basin specification 15 × 18cm (height × diameter), every basin fills native 3kg, every basin scatters seeds 30, earthing 2mm, watering and keeping water-retaining quantity among field of soil is 80%.In the time that having two true leaves to launch, shepherd's purse seedling transplants.
3, shepherd's purse grafting offspring's cadmium processing
The embodiment of the present invention adopts the method for potted plant simulated soil heavy metal pollution, in autumn (by the end of September), transplant Cruciferae shepherd's purse platymiscium shepherd's purse (Latin is called Capsella bursa-pastoris) seedling (two true leaves launch), these plant seedlings directly pick up from farm, school district, Sichuan Agricultural University Yaan.These plant seedlings are planted in the potted plant soil of the heavy metal cadmium that applies 2.5mg/kg (soil is taken from orchard), basin specification 15 × 18cm (height × diameter), every basin fills native 3kg.Test arranges 3 processing, is respectively: not grafting of shepherd's purse (CK), shepherd's purse are from seedling grafting offspring (first generation), rape stock offspring (first generation).Every basin is planted 5 strains, and each processing repeats 3 times.In transparent rain shade, cultivate, irregularly water and guarantee 80% left and right of soil moisture conservation at field capacity according to soil moisture actual conditions, after 35 days, plant to be planted is after full-bloom stage, and harvesting plant, measures the heavy metal cadmium content in plant corpus.
The heavy metal cadmium form that inventive embodiments applies is CdCl
22.5H
2o, is analytical reagent, joins in soil with the form of solution, fully mixes planting plants seedling after balance surrounding.
The shepherd's purse grafting offspring cadmium content characteristic measurement of low concentration cadmium processing the results are shown in following table 3:
The shepherd's purse grafting offspring cadmium content characteristic of table 3 low concentration cadmium processing
Note: TF is transfer ratio: acrial part cadmium content/root system cadmium content, BCF is concentration coefficient: acrial part (root system) cadmium content/Cadmium in Soil concentration for the treatment of.
Table 3 result shows, under low concentration cadmium is processed, grafting > is not from seedling grafting offspring > rape stock offspring for three kinds of different shepherd's purse root system cadmium contents, and acrial part cadmium content is contrary.Root system and acrial part BCF are all greater than 1, and root system part BCF grafting > is not from seedling grafting offspring > rape stock offspring, acrial part is contrary.For TF, rape stock offspring than grafting not and from seedling grafting offspring respectively high by 113.95%, 27.78%.
The shepherd's purse grafting offspring's of low concentration cadmium processing biomass and cadmium accumulation measurement result are shown in following table 4:
The shepherd's purse grafting offspring's of table 4 low concentration cadmium processing biomass and cadmium accumulation
Table 4 result shows, under low concentration cadmium treatment conditions, from root biomass not grafting > rape stock offspring > from seedling grafting, but the upperground part biomass rape stock offspring > not grafting > from seedling grafting offspring, thereby make rape stock offspring total biomass respectively higher than grafting shepherd's purse not with from seedling grafting offspring 4.69%, 21.98%.From cadmium accumulation, root system part cadmium accumulation not grafting > rape stock offspring > from seedling grafting, and acrial part rape stock offspring > is from not grafting of seedling grafting offspring >, and from cadmium accumulation total amount, rape stock offspring exceeds respectively from seedling grafting offspring and grafting shepherd's purse 48.54%, 44.32% not.Therefore rape is that performance is optimum as the shepherd's purse grafting offspring of stock.
Comparative experimental example 3: small plot experiment
The enforcement place of the embodiment of the present invention: be located at farm, school district, Sichuan Agricultural University Yaan.
1, shepherd's purse grafting offspring's seed collection
The shepherd's purse seed of collecting from farm, school district, Sichuan Agricultural University Yaan (uncontaminated district) is directly seeded in to plastic basin, treats that its bolting is about 5cm and starts grafting, processing mode is as follows:
(1) not grafting (CK): directly allow shepherd's purse yield positive results, collect seed and preserve.
(2) shepherd's purse is from the grafting of seedling: the strain shepherd's purse that bolting is about to 5cm, as stock, excises for subsequent use by its stem apex (about 2cm).Another strain shepherd's purse that bolting is about to 5cm, as scion, is got its stem apex that is about 3cm and is carried out grafting.Grafting method is cleft graft, carries out bondage with the plastic tape of wide about 1cm, long 20cm, and the bound fraction of stock and scion is sticked together firmly.
(3) grafting of rape stock: in the time that rape (Wild cabbage type) plants stems stalk is about 5cm, rape stem apex (about 2cm) is excised as stock, shepherd's purse stem apex carries out grafting as scion (being about 3cm).Grafting method is cleft graft, carries out bondage with the plastic tape of wide about 1cm, long 20cm, and the bound fraction of stock and scion is sticked together firmly.
(4) management after grafting: watering after grafting and keeping water-retaining quantity among field of soil is 80%, uses plastic mulching moisturizing, and hide with sunshade net.After 10 days, progressively remove mulch film and sunshade net, and take off the plastic film of bondage, extract all young shoots that stock is sprouted.After grafting survival, irregularly water and guarantee 80% left and right of soil moisture conservation at field capacity according to soil moisture actual conditions, after shepherd's purse seed maturity, collect seed and preserve.
2, shepherd's purse grafting offspring seedling culture
In autumn (at the beginning of 9 months), the shepherd's purse grafting progeny seed of different stocks is broadcasted sowing respectively in untainted potted plant soil (soil is taken from orchard), basin specification 15 × 18cm (height × diameter), every basin fills native 3kg, every basin scatters seeds 30, earthing 2mm, watering and keeping water-retaining quantity among field of soil is 80%.In the time that having two true leaves to launch, shepherd's purse seedling transplants.
3, shepherd's purse grafting offspring's cadmium processing
The embodiment of the present invention adopts the method for small plot experiment heavy metal pollution of soil, in autumn (by the end of September), transplant Cruciferae shepherd's purse platymiscium shepherd's purse (Latin is called Capsella bursa-pastoris) seedling (two true leaves launch), these plant seedlings directly pick up from farm, school district, Sichuan Agricultural University Yaan.These plant seedlings are planted in the community soil that applies 2.5mg/kg (soil is taken from orchard) to each community area 1.0m
2(1.0 × 1.0m).Test arranges 3 processing, is respectively: not grafting of shepherd's purse (CK), shepherd's purse are from seedling grafting offspring (first generation), rape stock offspring (first generation), and each processing repeats (San Ge community) 3 times.The planting density of each community is 400 strains/m
2(distance between rows and hills is 5cm).Irregularly water and guarantee 80% left and right of soil moisture conservation at field capacity according to soil moisture actual conditions, after 35 days, plant to be planted is after full-bloom stage, and harvesting plant, measures the heavy metal cadmium content in plant corpus.
The heavy metal cadmium form that inventive embodiments applies is CdCl
22.5H
2o, is analytical reagent, joins in soil with the form of solution, fully mixes planting plants seedling after balance surrounding.
The cadmium content measurement result of small plot experiment shepherd's purse is shown in following table 5:
The cadmium content of table 5 small plot experiment shepherd's purse
Note: TF is transfer ratio: acrial part cadmium content/root system cadmium content, BCF is concentration coefficient: acrial part (root system) cadmium content/Cadmium in Soil concentration for the treatment of.
Table 5 result shows, in small plot experiment, root system part cadmium content not grafting > from seedling grafting offspring > rape stock offspring, and overground part cadmium content rape stock offspring > is from not grafting shepherd's purse of seedling grafting offspring >, but grafting shepherd's purse and being more or less the same from seedling grafting offspring not as a whole.For BCF, root system and acrial part are all greater than 1.For TF, the TF value of three kinds of different shepherd's purses is all greater than 1, and rape stock offspring is the highest, respectively than grafting shepherd's purse not and high by 27.27% from seedling grafting offspring, 21.56%.
The shepherd's purse biomass of small plot experiment unit are and the accumulation measurement result of cadmium is shown in to following table 6:
The phytomass of table 6 small plot experiment unit are and the accumulation to cadmium
Table 6 result shows, in small plot experiment, rape stock offspring's root system and acrial part biomass in unit area be all higher than grafting shepherd's purse not with from seedling grafting offspring, and from total biomass, rape stock offspring is higher than from seedling grafting offspring 27.53%, higher than grafting shepherd's purse 80.95% not.On cadmium accumulation, still present rape stock offspring > from the not trend of grafting shepherd's purse of seedling grafting offspring > at root system and overground part, and from cadmium accumulation total amount, rape stock offspring is than high by 30.78% from seedling grafting offspring, than grafting offspring is not high by 93.89%.In sum, rape is the most effective as the shepherd's purse grafting offspring of stock for the cadmium in enrichment soil.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. grafting raising shepherd's purse offspring repairs a method for orchard cadmium pollution soil ability, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
In the time of the long 5 ± 0.2cm of rapeseed plants stem stalk, being grown 2 ± 0.2cm stem apex excises as stock, choose the cadmium enriching plant shepherd's purse stem apex of winter growth of the long 5 ± 0.2cm of bolting as scion, adopt cleft graft by shepherd's purse grafting on rape stock, long 3 ± the 0.2cm of shepherd's purse scion, after shepherd's purse seed maturity to be grafted, collect seed; Grow seedlings autumn, directly transplants the shepherd's purse grafting offspring seedling of 2 true leaves expansion in the orchard soil of cadmium pollution, waters and guarantee that field soil moisture water-holding capacity is 80%, carries out daily management; After 35 days until shepherd's purse grafting offspring after full-bloom stage, its acrial part is gathered in.
2. grafting raising shepherd's purse offspring as claimed in claim 1 repairs the method for orchard cadmium pollution soil ability, it is characterized in that, described daily management comprises even seedling, weeds a garden.
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| CN105145337A (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2015-12-16 | 陕西省杂交油菜研究中心 | Culture method of excellent germplasm resource of rape |
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| CN105921502A (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2016-09-07 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Method for utilizing cold-resistant winter rape variety for repairing cadmium and lead polluted farmland in winter |
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| CN108124621A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-06-08 | 四川农业大学 | The restoring cadmium polluted method of its mutually grafting improved offspring of different ecological type root of bidentate achyranthes chrysanthemum |
| CN108812112A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-11-16 | 惠州市锦恒工业模具设计合伙企业(普通合伙) | A method of it improving grafting shepherd's purse offspring and is enriched with cadmium element |
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