CN104025913B - A kind of grafting improves the method that shepherd's purse offspring repairs orchard cadmium pollution soil ability - Google Patents
A kind of grafting improves the method that shepherd's purse offspring repairs orchard cadmium pollution soil ability Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of grafting and improve the method that shepherd's purse offspring repairs orchard cadmium pollution soil ability, belong to the reparation field of Heavy-Metal-Contaminated Environments, comprise the following steps: when rapeseed plants stem stalk long 5 ± 0.2cm, grown the excision of 2 ± 0.2cm stem apex as stock, choose the cadmium enriching plant shepherd's purse stem apex of the winter growth of the long 5 ± 0.2cm of bolting as scion, adopt cleft graft by shepherd's purse grafting on rape stock, long 3 ± the 0.2cm of shepherd's purse scion, after shepherd's purse seed maturity to be grafted, collect seed; Nursery in autumn, the shepherd's purse grafting offspring seedling directly transplanting 2 true leaves expansion, in the orchard soil of cadmium pollution, is watered and guarantees that field soil moisture water-holding capacity is 80%, carry out daily management; After 35 days after shepherd's purse grafting offspring is in full-bloom stage, its acrial part is gathered in.Rape provided by the invention can improve the cadmium extracted amount of unit are as the shepherd's purse grafting offspring of stock, more non-grafting improve 93.89%, comparatively improve 30.78% from seedling grafting offspring.In sum, the present invention is a kind of eco-friendly and effectively improve the method that orchard soil heavy metal cadmium ability repaired by shepherd's purse.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the reparation field of Heavy-Metal-Contaminated Environments, particularly relate to the method for a kind of phytoremediation orchard cadmium pollution soil.
Background technology
Along with expanding economy, the factors such as industrial pollution, field irrigation, material used for agriculture cause the pollution of heavy metal to soil to be on the rise, and wherein cadmium pollution is particularly outstanding.It is reported, China's cadmium pollution soil area has reached 200,000 km
2, account for 1/6 of total area under cultivation.More common method utilizes super enriching plant to carry out green reparation at present, but from the super enriching plant screened, mostly there is the limitation such as plant is short and small, biomass is low, poor growth, be difficult to meet production requirement.So it is necessary for improveing current existing cadmium enriching plant or Cd-hyperaccumulator.
Shepherd's purse (Latin is called Capsellabursapastoris (L.) Medic.) for Cruciferae shepherd's purse belong to one, biennial herb plant, be grown on field and roadside, distribute very extensive.Shepherd's purse is a kind of cadmium enriching plant of winter growth, can effectively extract Cadmium in Soil content, and can grow in the winter time, but its biomass is little, and the just corresponding reduction of cadmium extracted amount, so it is necessary for improveing shepherd's purse.
Summary of the invention
The object of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide a kind of grafting raising shepherd's purse offspring to repair the method for orchard cadmium pollution soil ability, is intended to solve and improves the ability that orchard cadmium pollution soil repaired by shepherd's purse.
The present invention is achieved in that a kind of grafting improves the method that shepherd's purse offspring repairs orchard cadmium pollution soil ability, and the method comprises the following steps:
Grafting improves the method that shepherd's purse offspring repairs orchard cadmium pollution soil ability, comprises the following steps:
When rapeseed plants stem stalk long 5 ± 0.2cm, grown the excision of 2 ± 0.2cm stem apex as stock, choose the cadmium enriching plant shepherd's purse stem apex of the winter growth of the long 5 ± 0.2cm of bolting as scion, adopt cleft graft by shepherd's purse grafting on rape stock, long 3 ± the 0.2cm of shepherd's purse scion, after shepherd's purse seed maturity to be grafted, collect seed; Nursery in autumn, the shepherd's purse grafting offspring seedling directly transplanting 2 true leaves expansion, in the orchard soil of cadmium pollution, is watered and guarantees that field soil moisture water-holding capacity is 80%, carry out daily management; After 35 days after shepherd's purse grafting offspring is in full-bloom stage, its acrial part is gathered in.
As selection, described daily management comprises even seedling, weeds a garden.
In horticultural production, grafting is a kind of common modes of reproduction, and it refers to and a part for plant corpus is fixed on another one plant corpus, makes it organize mutual healing, cultivates as independent individual.Theoretically, grafting is a kind of vegetative propagation, and its scion offspring can not cause the change of proterties, but some grafting can cause hereditability to make a variation to have many research all to find.But, the result of this variation is not expected, and the research of existing grafting also all concentrates on the output improving plant, the aspect such as quality of cultivating new varieties, improving resistance, changing yield positive results habit and the improvement fruit of plant, also from finding no the research and the report that are improved plant generations heavy metal repair ability by grafting.
The invention provides a kind of grafting and improve the method that shepherd's purse offspring repairs orchard cadmium pollution soil ability, wherein shepherd's purse be a kind of can a biennial herb plant of cadmium pollution soil repair in the winter time, be a kind of cadmium enriching plant.The present inventor studies discovery, rape carries out as stock the characteristic of accumulation that grafting can promote enriching plant shepherd's purse offspring heavy metal cadmium, thus using rape as the shepherd's purse grafting offspring seedling replanting of stock to by the soil of heavy metal cadmium, cadmium in absorption and accumulation contaminated soil, gather in when its acrial part forms certain biomass, thus make shepherd's purse improve the cadmium extracted amount of unit are, improve the object of repairing orchard soil cadmium pollution ability.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
For convenience of explanation, illustrate only part related to the present invention.
Grafting improves the method that shepherd's purse offspring repairs orchard cadmium pollution soil ability, comprises the following steps:
When rapeseed plants stem stalk long 5 ± 0.2cm, grown the excision of 2 ± 0.2cm stem apex as stock, choose the cadmium enriching plant shepherd's purse stem apex of the winter growth of the long 5 ± 0.2cm of bolting as scion, adopt cleft graft by shepherd's purse grafting on rape stock, long 3 ± the 0.2cm of shepherd's purse scion, after shepherd's purse seed maturity to be grafted, collect seed; Nursery in autumn, the shepherd's purse grafting offspring seedling directly transplanting 2 true leaves expansion, in the orchard soil of cadmium pollution, is watered and guarantees that field soil moisture water-holding capacity is 80%, carry out daily management; After 35 days after shepherd's purse grafting offspring is in full-bloom stage, its acrial part is gathered in.
Comparative experimental example 1: potted plant high concentration cadmium pollution test
The enforcement place of the embodiment of the present invention: be located at farm, school district, Sichuan Agricultural University Yaan.
1, the seed collection of shepherd's purse grafting offspring
The shepherd's purse seed collected from farm, school district, Sichuan Agricultural University Yaan (uncontaminated district) is directly seeded in plastic basin, and treat that its bolting is about 5cm and starts grafting, processing mode is as follows:
(1) not grafting (CK): directly allow shepherd's purse yield positive results, collects Seed storage.
(2) shepherd's purse is from the grafting of seedling: its stem apex (about 2cm), as stock, excises for subsequent use by strain shepherd's purse bolting being about 5cm.Another strain shepherd's purse bolting being about 5cm, as scion, is got its stem apex being about 3cm and is carried out grafting.Grafting method is cleft graft, carries out bondage with the plastic tape of wide about 1cm, long 20cm, and the bound fraction of stock and scion is sticked together firmly.
(3) grafting of rape stock: when rape (Wild cabbage type) plants stems stalk is about 5cm, using rape stem apex (about 2cm) excision as stock, shepherd's purse stem apex carries out grafting as scion (being about 3cm).Grafting method is cleft graft, carries out bondage with the plastic tape of wide about 1cm, long 20cm, and the bound fraction of stock and scion is sticked together firmly.
(4) management after grafting: water after grafting and keep water-retaining quantity among field of soil to be 80%, using plastic mulching moisturizing, and hide with sunshade net.Progressively remove mulch film and sunshade net after 10 days, and take off the plastic film of bondage, extract all young shoots that stock is sprouted.After grafting survival, irregularly water according to soil moisture actual conditions and guarantee that soil moisture remains on about 80% of field capacity, after shepherd's purse seed maturity, collect Seed storage.
2, shepherd's purse grafting offspring seedling culture
In autumn (at the beginning of 9 months), the shepherd's purse grafting progeny seed of different stock is broadcasted sowing respectively in untainted potted plant soil (soil takes from orchard), basin specification 15 × 18cm (height × diameter), every basin fills native 3kg, every basin scatters seeds 30, earthing 2mm, waters and keeps water-retaining quantity among field of soil to be 80%.Transplant when shepherd's purse seedling has two panels true leaf to launch.
3, the Cadmium treated of shepherd's purse grafting offspring
The embodiment of the present invention adopts the method for potted plant simulated soil heavy metal pollution, in autumn (by the end of September), transplant Cruciferae shepherd's purse platymiscium shepherd's purse (Latin is called Capsellabursa-pastoris) seedling (expansion of two panels true leaf), these plant seedlings directly pick up from farm, school district, Sichuan Agricultural University Yaan.Planted by these plant seedlings in the potted plant soil of heavy metal cadmium applying 50mg/kg (soil takes from orchard), basin specification 15 × 18cm (height × diameter), every basin fills native 3kg.Test arranges 3 process, is respectively: the non-grafting of shepherd's purse (CK), shepherd's purse are from seedling grafting offspring (first generation), rape stock offspring (first generation).5 strains planted by every basin, and each process repeats 3 times.Cultivate in transparent rain shade, irregularly water guarantee that soil moisture remains on about 80% of field capacity according to soil moisture actual conditions, after after 35 days, plant to be planted is in full-bloom stage, harvesting plant, measures the heavy metal cadmium content in plant corpus.
The heavy metal cadmium form that inventive embodiments applies is CdCl
22.5H
2o, is analytical reagent, joins as a solution in soil, fully mix, planting plants seedling after balance surrounding.
Embodiment of the present invention result is as follows:
The shepherd's purse grafting offspring cadmium content characteristic measurement of high concentration Cadmium treated the results are shown in following table 1:
The shepherd's purse grafting offspring cadmium content characteristic of table 1 high concentration Cadmium treated
Note: TF is transfer ratio: acrial part cadmium content/root system cadmium content, and BCF is concentration coefficient: acrial part (or root system) cadmium content/Cadmium in Soil concentration for the treatment of.
Table l result shows, under high concentration Cadmium treated, three kinds of different non-grafting > of shepherd's purse root system cadmium content are from seedling grafting offspring > rape stock offspring, and the cadmium content of acrial part is opposite trend.But its cadmium content is all far longer than its critical content 100mg/kg.Three kinds of different shepherd's purse root systems and overground part BCF are all greater than 1, but TF value is less than 1, but rape stock offspring > is from the non-grafting shepherd's purse of seedling grafting offspring >.
Biomass and the Cd accumulation quantitative determination of the shepherd's purse grafting offspring of high concentration Cadmium treated the results are shown in following table 2:
The biomass of the shepherd's purse grafting offspring of table 2 high concentration Cadmium treated and Cd accumulation amount
Table 2 result shows, rape stock offspring root system, the upperground part biomass are all better than non-grafting shepherd's purse and the shepherd's purse offspring from seedling grafting, and rape stock offspring total biomass is than high by 21.40% from seedling grafting offspring, higher by 140.58 than non-grafting shepherd's purse.The root system of rape stock offspring and overground part Cd accumulation amount are also greater than from seedling grafting offspring and non-grafting shepherd's purse, and from Cd accumulation total amount, rape stock offspring is than high by 11.90% from seedling grafting offspring, higher by 110.50% than non-grafting shepherd's purse.This shows that the shepherd's purse grafting offspring of rape as stock is the most effective for the accumulation of Cadmium in Soil content.
Comparative experimental example 2: potted plant low concentration cadmium pollution test
The enforcement place of the embodiment of the present invention: be located at farm, school district, Sichuan Agricultural University Yaan.
1, the seed collection of shepherd's purse grafting offspring
The shepherd's purse seed collected from farm, school district, Sichuan Agricultural University Yaan (uncontaminated district) is directly seeded in plastic basin, and treat that its bolting is about 5cm and starts grafting, processing mode is as follows:
(1) not grafting (CK): directly allow shepherd's purse yield positive results, collects Seed storage.
(2) shepherd's purse is from the grafting of seedling: its stem apex (about 2cm), as stock, excises for subsequent use by strain shepherd's purse bolting being about 5cm.Another strain shepherd's purse bolting being about 5cm, as scion, is got its stem apex being about 3cm and is carried out grafting.Grafting method is cleft graft, carries out bondage with the plastic tape of wide about 1cm, long 20cm, and the bound fraction of stock and scion is sticked together firmly.
(3) grafting of rape stock: when rape (Wild cabbage type) plants stems stalk is about 5cm, using rape stem apex (about 2cm) excision as stock, shepherd's purse stem apex carries out grafting as scion (being about 3cm).Grafting method is cleft graft, carries out bondage with the plastic tape of wide about 1cm, long 20cm, and the bound fraction of stock and scion is sticked together firmly.
(4) management after grafting: water after grafting and keep water-retaining quantity among field of soil to be 80%, using plastic mulching moisturizing, and hide with sunshade net.Progressively remove mulch film and sunshade net after 10 days, and take off the plastic film of bondage, extract all young shoots that stock is sprouted.After grafting survival, irregularly water according to soil moisture actual conditions and guarantee that soil moisture remains on about 80% of field capacity, after shepherd's purse seed maturity, collect Seed storage.
2, shepherd's purse grafting offspring seedling culture
In autumn (at the beginning of 9 months), the shepherd's purse grafting progeny seed of different stock is broadcasted sowing respectively in untainted potted plant soil (soil takes from orchard), basin specification 15 × 18cm (height × diameter), every basin fills native 3kg, every basin scatters seeds 30, earthing 2mm, waters and keeps water-retaining quantity among field of soil to be 80%.Transplant when shepherd's purse seedling has two panels true leaf to launch.
3, the Cadmium treated of shepherd's purse grafting offspring
The embodiment of the present invention adopts the method for potted plant simulated soil heavy metal pollution, in autumn (by the end of September), transplant Cruciferae shepherd's purse platymiscium shepherd's purse (Latin is called Capsellabursa-pastoris) seedling (expansion of two panels true leaf), these plant seedlings directly pick up from farm, school district, Sichuan Agricultural University Yaan.Planted by these plant seedlings in the potted plant soil of heavy metal cadmium applying 2.5mg/kg (soil takes from orchard), basin specification 15 × 18cm (height × diameter), every basin fills native 3kg.Test arranges 3 process, is respectively: the non-grafting of shepherd's purse (CK), shepherd's purse are from seedling grafting offspring (first generation), rape stock offspring (first generation).5 strains planted by every basin, and each process repeats 3 times.Cultivate in transparent rain shade, irregularly water guarantee that soil moisture remains on about 80% of field capacity according to soil moisture actual conditions, after after 35 days, plant to be planted is in full-bloom stage, harvesting plant, measures the heavy metal cadmium content in plant corpus.
The heavy metal cadmium form that inventive embodiments applies is CdCl
22.5H
2o, is analytical reagent, joins as a solution in soil, fully mix, planting plants seedling after balance surrounding.
The shepherd's purse grafting offspring cadmium content characteristic measurement of low concentration Cadmium treated the results are shown in following table 3:
The shepherd's purse grafting offspring cadmium content characteristic of table 3 low concentration Cadmium treated
Note: TF is transfer ratio: acrial part cadmium content/root system cadmium content, and BCF is concentration coefficient: acrial part (or root system) cadmium content/Cadmium in Soil concentration for the treatment of.
Table 3 result shows, under low concentration Cadmium treated, three kinds of non-grafting > of different shepherd's purse root system cadmium contents are from seedling grafting offspring > rape stock offspring, and acrial part cadmium content is then contrary.Root system and acrial part BCF are all greater than 1, and the non-grafting > of root system part BCF is from seedling grafting offspring > rape stock offspring, and acrial part is then contrary.For TF, rape stock offspring than non-grafting and from seedling grafting offspring respectively high by 113.95%, 27.78%.
Biomass and the Cd accumulation quantitative determination of the shepherd's purse grafting offspring of low concentration Cadmium treated the results are shown in following table 4:
The biomass of the shepherd's purse grafting offspring of table 4 low concentration Cadmium treated and Cd accumulation amount
Table 4 result shows, under low concentration Cadmium treated condition, from root biomass non-grafting > rape stock offspring > from seedling grafting, but the non-grafting > of the upperground part biomass rape stock offspring > is from seedling grafting offspring, thus make rape stock offspring total biomass respectively higher than non-grafting shepherd's purse with from seedling grafting offspring 4.69%, 21.98%.From Cd accumulation amount, root system part Cd accumulation amount non-grafting > rape stock offspring > is from seedling grafting, and acrial part rape stock offspring > is from the non-grafting of seedling grafting offspring >, and from Cd accumulation total amount, rape stock offspring exceeds respectively from seedling grafting offspring and non-grafting shepherd's purse 48.54%, 44.32%.Therefore rape is that performance is optimum as the shepherd's purse grafting offspring of stock.
Comparative experimental example 3: small plot experiment
The enforcement place of the embodiment of the present invention: be located at farm, school district, Sichuan Agricultural University Yaan.
1, the seed collection of shepherd's purse grafting offspring
The shepherd's purse seed collected from farm, school district, Sichuan Agricultural University Yaan (uncontaminated district) is directly seeded in plastic basin, and treat that its bolting is about 5cm and starts grafting, processing mode is as follows:
(1) not grafting (CK): directly allow shepherd's purse yield positive results, collects Seed storage.
(2) shepherd's purse is from the grafting of seedling: its stem apex (about 2cm), as stock, excises for subsequent use by strain shepherd's purse bolting being about 5cm.Another strain shepherd's purse bolting being about 5cm, as scion, is got its stem apex being about 3cm and is carried out grafting.Grafting method is cleft graft, carries out bondage with the plastic tape of wide about 1cm, long 20cm, and the bound fraction of stock and scion is sticked together firmly.
(3) grafting of rape stock: when rape (Wild cabbage type) plants stems stalk is about 5cm, using rape stem apex (about 2cm) excision as stock, shepherd's purse stem apex carries out grafting as scion (being about 3cm).Grafting method is cleft graft, carries out bondage with the plastic tape of wide about 1cm, long 20cm, and the bound fraction of stock and scion is sticked together firmly.
(4) management after grafting: water after grafting and keep water-retaining quantity among field of soil to be 80%, using plastic mulching moisturizing, and hide with sunshade net.Progressively remove mulch film and sunshade net after 10 days, and take off the plastic film of bondage, extract all young shoots that stock is sprouted.After grafting survival, irregularly water according to soil moisture actual conditions and guarantee that soil moisture remains on about 80% of field capacity, after shepherd's purse seed maturity, collect Seed storage.
2, shepherd's purse grafting offspring seedling culture
In autumn (at the beginning of 9 months), the shepherd's purse grafting progeny seed of different stock is broadcasted sowing respectively in untainted potted plant soil (soil takes from orchard), basin specification 15 × 18cm (height × diameter), every basin fills native 3kg, every basin scatters seeds 30, earthing 2mm, waters and keeps water-retaining quantity among field of soil to be 80%.Transplant when shepherd's purse seedling has two panels true leaf to launch.
3, the Cadmium treated of shepherd's purse grafting offspring
The embodiment of the present invention adopts the method for small plot experiment heavy metal pollution of soil, in autumn (by the end of September), transplant Cruciferae shepherd's purse platymiscium shepherd's purse (Latin is called Capsellabursa-pastoris) seedling (expansion of two panels true leaf), these plant seedlings directly pick up from farm, school district, Sichuan Agricultural University Yaan.These plant seedlings are planted in the community soil applying 2.5mg/kg (soil takes from orchard), each plot area 1.0m
2(1.0 × 1.0m).Test arranges 3 process, is respectively: the non-grafting of shepherd's purse (CK), shepherd's purse are from seedling grafting offspring (first generation), rape stock offspring (first generation), and each process repeats (three communities) 3 times.The planting density of each community is 400 strains/m
2(distance between rows and hills is 5cm).Irregularly water according to soil moisture actual conditions and guarantee that soil moisture remains on about 80% of field capacity, after after 35 days, plant to be planted is in full-bloom stage, harvesting plant, measures the heavy metal cadmium content in plant corpus.
The heavy metal cadmium form that inventive embodiments applies is CdCl
22.5H
2o, is analytical reagent, joins as a solution in soil, fully mix, planting plants seedling after balance surrounding.
The cadmium content measurement result of small plot experiment shepherd's purse is shown in following table 5:
The cadmium content of table 5 small plot experiment shepherd's purse
Note: TF is transfer ratio: acrial part cadmium content/root system cadmium content, and BCF is concentration coefficient: acrial part (or root system) cadmium content/Cadmium in Soil concentration for the treatment of.
Table 5 result shows, in small plot experiment, the non-grafting > of root system part cadmium content is from seedling grafting offspring > rape stock offspring, and overground part cadmium content rape stock offspring > is from the non-grafting shepherd's purse of seedling grafting offspring >, but as a whole, non-grafting shepherd's purse and being more or less the same from seedling grafting offspring.For BCF, root system and acrial part are all greater than 1.For TF, the TF value of three kinds of different shepherd's purses is all greater than 1, and rape stock offspring is the highest, respectively than non-grafting shepherd's purse and high by 27.27% from seedling grafting offspring, 21.56%.
The shepherd's purse biomass of small plot experiment unit are and following table 6 be the results are shown in Cadmium accumulation quantitative determination:
The phytomass of table 6 small plot experiment unit are and to Cadmium accumulation amount
Table 6 result shows, in small plot experiment, rape stock offspring's root system and acrial part biomass in unit area all higher than non-grafting shepherd's purse with from seedling grafting offspring, and from total biomass, rape stock offspring higher than from seedling grafting offspring 27.53%, higher than non-grafting shepherd's purse 80.95%.In Cd accumulation amount, still the trend of rape stock offspring > from the non-grafting shepherd's purse of seedling grafting offspring > is presented at root system and overground part, and from Cd accumulation total amount, rape stock offspring is than high by 30.78% from seedling grafting offspring, higher by 93.89% than non-grafting offspring.In sum, rape is the most effective as the shepherd's purse grafting offspring of stock for the cadmium in Enriching soil.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. grafting improves the method that shepherd's purse offspring repairs orchard cadmium pollution soil ability, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
When rapeseed plants stem stalk long 5 ± 0.2cm, grown the excision of 2 ± 0.2cm stem apex as stock, choose the cadmium enriching plant shepherd's purse stem apex of the winter growth of the long 5 ± 0.2cm of bolting as scion, adopt cleft graft by shepherd's purse grafting on rape stock, long 3 ± the 0.2cm of shepherd's purse scion, after shepherd's purse seed maturity to be grafted, collect seed; Nursery in autumn, the shepherd's purse grafting offspring seedling directly transplanting 2 true leaves expansion, in the orchard soil of cadmium pollution, is watered and guarantees that field soil moisture water-holding capacity is 80%, carry out daily management; After 35 days after shepherd's purse grafting offspring is in full-bloom stage, its acrial part is gathered in.
2. grafting as claimed in claim 1 improves the method that shepherd's purse offspring repairs orchard cadmium pollution soil ability, and it is characterized in that, described daily management comprises even seedling, weeds a garden.
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| CN108040645A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-05-18 | 四川农业大学 | It is a kind of to improve method of the root of bidentate achyranthes chrysanthemum grafting offspring to cadmium pollution soil repair ability |
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| CN108124621A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-06-08 | 四川农业大学 | The restoring cadmium polluted method of its mutually grafting improved offspring of different ecological type root of bidentate achyranthes chrysanthemum |
| CN108812112A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-11-16 | 惠州市锦恒工业模具设计合伙企业(普通合伙) | A method of it improving grafting shepherd's purse offspring and is enriched with cadmium element |
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