CN105665441A - Remediation method for cadmium-nitrate combined pollution of facility agriculture soil - Google Patents
Remediation method for cadmium-nitrate combined pollution of facility agriculture soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN105665441A CN105665441A CN201610155452.6A CN201610155452A CN105665441A CN 105665441 A CN105665441 A CN 105665441A CN 201610155452 A CN201610155452 A CN 201610155452A CN 105665441 A CN105665441 A CN 105665441A
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- soil
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- sedum alfredii
- alfredii hance
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
Abstract
The invention discloses a remediation method for cadmium-nitrate combined pollution of facility agriculture soil. The remediation method comprises the following steps: (1) planting sedum alfredii hance in soil under remediation, regularly harvesting the sedum alfredii hance, and removing the sedum alfredii hance after harvesting twice or triple; (2) after removing the sedum alfredii hance, planting port-grown green-stem slim-leaf water spinach, and flooding the plants with water during growing; (3) after harvesting the port-grown green-stem slim-leaf water spinach, further planting Siyuebai pakchoi in the soil; and (4) repeating steps (1) to (3) until the soil is up to the standard. According to the remediation method for cadmium-nitrate combined pollution of facility agriculture soil, the rotation manner of a Cd-hyperaccumulator, a cadmium-nitrate low-accumulation aquatic vegetable, and a cadmium-nitrate low-accumulation terraneous vegetable is adopted, and the edible safety of the vegetables is guaranteed while the soil is remediated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to contaminated soil technical field of environmental management, it is specifically related to the reparation method of a kind of facility agricultural soil cadmium-nitrate combined pollution.
Background technology
China's soil has received the severe contamination of heavy metal, and contaminated area is in the trend increased year by year, and the problem of environmental pollution that heavy metal causes highlights day by day, is one of current outstanding environmental problem urgently properly settled. According to statistics, cadmium pollution area in China arable land is 100000km2, and pollution level is more serious. Cadmium in soil both can affect the Metabolic activity such as plant-growth, cell fission, suppresses the growth of crop, reduces crop yield, can enter food chain by soil-crop system again, bring significant damage to human health. Cadmium movability in soil-crop-human body food chain is strong, and bioconcentration is big, is very easily entered organism by food chain approach and is caused harm, and for animal and most of people, diet is the primary approach that cadmium is taken in. The technology being usually used in heavy-metal contaminated soil reparation at present is physics, chemical harnessing technology, mainly contain soil moved in improve the original method, freezing method, solidification method, chemical leaching method, ion exchange method and chelating method etc., but these methods exist, and engineering amount is big, cost is high, technical difficulty causes greatly and easily secondary pollution problems, it is very difficult to by large-area applications.
China is populous, and per capita area of cultivated farmland is few, and vegetable production in green house multiple crop index is higher, the producers, in order to obtain higher economic benefit, arbitrarily strengthen the amount of application of fertilizer, especially nitrogenous fertilizer, considerably beyond crop demand, facility agricultural soil is caused to be subject to the severe contamination of nitrate. Although nitrate too much in soil is to non-phytotoxic, but these nitrate can enter human body by food chain, it is reduced into nitrite, react with the amine class in other foods, medicine and remains of pesticide and amide substance, generate the strong carcinogen of nitrosamine and nitrosyl amine, it is detrimental to health. Therefore, research Soil Nitrate controlling soil moist, to the nitrate content in reduction farm crop especially vegetables, producing green food has extremely important meaning. Utilize microorganism to remove excessive nitrate in underground water to be widely studied, but remove Soil Nitrate and also rarely have report.
It is the important factor affecting China's ecotope and food safety that heavy metal-polluted soil/secondary salinization is polluted.The phytoremediation technology occurred in recent years, as the green recovery technique of a kind of original position, have expense cheap, be easy to operate and the advantage such as physico-chemical property of not spoiled soil.
Publication number is the plant in-situ remediation method that patent document discloses a kind of cadmium pollution soil of CN1555672A, by cadmium pollution region, directly plant plant Sedum alfredii Hance, cadmiums a large amount of in soil is absorbed by Sedum alfredii Hance root system, and upwards transport and be transported to overground part, after plant strain growth was by 30～40cm or 3～4 month, gathers in overground part and is removed, then can take away a large amount of cadmiums from soil, thus reach the object administering cadmium pollution soil fast.
The simple phytoremediation minimum needs time of 3 years, and agriculture production must be interrupted. The original position heavy-metal contaminated soil reparation method not interrupting agriculture production at present is also fewer. Publication number is production limit, the limit reparation method that patent document discloses a heavy metal species mild or moderate pollution vegetable field soil of CN101116865A, and step is as follows: 1) planted Sedum alfredii Hance and Elsholtzia haichowensis with intercropping system by the vegetable field soil of cadmium, copper, zinc heavy metal contamination spring; 2) periodical reaping Sedum alfredii Hance, October gathers in the crops Elsholtzia haichowensis; 3) load-carrying cadmium enrichment rape after Elsholtzia haichowensis results, April next year gathers in the crops; 4) planting cucumber after rape harvest, September, cucumber planted Chinese cabbage after gathering in the crops, and Chinese cabbage plants Elsholtzia haichowensis after gathering in the crops, and completes a repairing efficiency. This invention, by the reciprocal effects between plant, reduces Metal uptake and the accumulation volume of vegetables, while reaching heavy metal contamination reparation, ensures agricultural product security.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides the reparation method of a kind of facility agricultural soil cadmium-nitrate combined pollution, utilize the mode of the Lu Sheng vegetable crop rotation of the aquatic vegetable-low accumulation of cadmium-nitrate of Cd hyperaccumulator-low accumulation of cadmium-nitrate, while soil remediation, ensure the edible safety of vegetables.
A reparation method for facility agricultural soil cadmium-nitrate combined pollution, comprises the following steps:
(1) at grown on soil Sedum alfredii Hance to be repaired, periodical reaping, after gathering in 2～3 times, removes Sedum alfredii Hance;
(2), after removing, this soil is planted port kind green grass or young crops stalk willow leaf mater convolvulus, between vegetative period, carries out submerging treatment;
(3), after gathering in the crops port kind green grass or young crops stalk willow leaf mater convolvulus, on this soil, four bluish white Plantula Brassicae chinensiss are planted again;
(4) repeating step (1)～(3), until soil is up to standard.
The characteristic that the present invention utilizes Sedum alfredii Hance that cadmium ultraproduct is tired, by the overground part of the Metal uptake in facility agricultural soil to plant, reaches the object alleviating heavy metal pollution of soil. The heavy metal contamination of soil obtains after repairing to a certain extent, then by plantation to the vegetables of cadmium, the low accumulation of nitrate, obtains meeting the cash crop of food sanitation safe standard so that facility agricultural soil produces economic benefit in the process of pollution amelioration.
The present invention's screening obtains port kind green grass or young crops stalk willow leaf mater convolvulus and four bluish white Plantula Brassicae chinensiss are low cadmium-accumulation kind; In antagonism azotate pollution, these two kinds, while effectively utilizing the nitrogen element in soil, do not produce Nitrate Accumulation.
In the technical scheme of the present invention, to plant Sedum alfredii Hance-port kind green grass or young crops stalk bluish white Plantula Brassicae chinensis of willow leaf mater convolvulus-four as a circulation, a loop cycle is 1 year, and the plantation phase of Sedum alfredii Hance is 5-6 month, ensuing 6-7 month planting vegetable.
Kind green grass or young crops stalk willow leaf mater convolvulus is aquatic vegetable at port, and in process of growth, facility agricultural soil is in waterflooding state.Submerging treatment is the effective means that in releasing facilities agricultural soil, secondary salinization is polluted, and aquatic vegetable moisture content height, nitrate in plant body is had diluting effect, and therefore, the present invention selects aquatic vegetable port kind green grass or young crops stalk willow leaf mater convolvulus as the vegetables first planted in crop rotation process.
The long-term waterflooding of soil can change soil physico-chemical property such as redox potential and colony balance, and therefore, the present invention changes kind of the bluish white Plantula Brassicae chinensis of Lu Sheng vegetables four after finishing one batch of port kind green grass or young crops stalk willow leaf mater convolvulus.
The present invention is according to the multiplicity of pollution condition set-up procedure (1)～(3) of the cadmium-nitrate of facility agricultural soil, until cadmium and nitrate content in soil reach soil environment quality standard, and in the vegetables produced cadmium and nitrate content lower than food sanitation safe standard.
Above-mentioned environmental safety standard refers to Cd residual quantity secondary standard limit value (0.5mg/kg) in the agricultural land soil specified in People's Republic of China's national standard-soil environment quality standard (GB15618-2008), food sanitation safe standard refers to national food safety standard (GB2762-2012, Cd < 0.5mgkg respectively-1) and food sanitation safe grade III Standard (nitrate < 1440mgkg-1)。
According to the technical scheme of the present invention, after the facility agricultural soil of pollution repairs 2 years, soil cadmium content reduces 56.51%, and nitrate content reduces 56.43%.
As preferably, in step (1), Sedum alfredii Hance utilizes stem segment cuttage to grow to and transplants to soil to be repaired when strain height is 5～6cm. Sedum alfredii Hance seedling medium is vermiculite: the matrix of perlite ratio 3:1, and by full for matrix tiling whole seedbed, thickness is about the 2/3 of the seedbed degree of depth, and temperature is adjusted to 24 ± 1 DEG C, moisture control to 60 ± 5%.
In the inventive solutions, Sedum alfredii Hance is within the vegetative period of 5-6 month, and biomass and the Cd uptake amount of gathering in 2～3 times reach peak value, as preferably, in step (1), Sedum alfredii Hance growth harvesting after 2～3 months, stays overground part 1～2cm stem section during harvesting. More preferred, Sedum alfredii Hance gathers in after growing 3～4 months first, and the 2nd growth removed after 2 months.
In technical solution of the present invention, the plant in each season adopts seedling directly to move kind, it is possible to be the growth seedling raise period of saving nearly one month of each season plant. As preferably, in step (2) and (3), port kind green grass or young crops stalk willow leaf mater convolvulus and the first seeding and seedling raising of four bluish white Plantula Brassicae chinensiss, transplant to soil to be repaired when seedling grows to 5～7cm.
As preferably, in step (2), kind green grass or young crops stalk willow leaf mater convolvulus transplantation of seedlings in port, after 5～7 days, carries out submerging treatment. It is in waterflooding state again after the adaptive phase that port kind green grass or young crops stalk willow leaf mater convolvulus seedling tides over 5～7 days, is conducive to surviving of dish seedling.
As preferably, in step (2), after submerging treatment, soil layer surface at least keeps depth of water 2cm.
As preferably, in step (2), kind green grass or young crops stalk willow leaf mater convolvulus growth in port is gathered in the crops for 2～3 months.
As preferably, in step (3), between four bluish white Plantula Brassicae chinensis vegetative period, soil moisture content remains on 65%～75%.
As preferably, in step (3), four bluish white Plantula Brassicae chinensis growths are gathered in the crops for 1～2 month.
As preferably, in step (3), four bluish white Plantula Brassicae chinensiss planted for 1～2 seasons.
The useful effect that the present invention possesses: (1) the present invention is compared with traditional contaminated soil administering method, less investment, engineering amount is little, technical supervision is simple, as a kind of green based technique for in-situ remediation, secondary pollution can not be caused, repair process can not change soil physico-chemical property, can not spoiled soil ecotope, also contribute to improving the Soil degradation caused because of heavy metal, azotate pollution and productivity decline, recover and improve its species diversity.
(2) mater convolvulus selected by the present invention and Plantula Brassicae chinensis are cadmium-nitrate low accumulation kind altogether, have the advantages that to refuse cadmium and nitrate to absorb and accumulate, the vegetables of results meet food sanitation safe standard, and the present invention creates certain economic benefit rehabilitating soil cadmium-nitrate combined pollution simultaneously.
(3) according to the Cd hyperaccumulator-aquatic low accumulation vegetable crop rotation pattern of low accumulation vegetables-Lu Sheng of the present invention, remediating heavy metal and secondary salinization can proceed agriculture production while polluting, thus realize production limit, limit and repair.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 repairs after 2 years cadmium (A), nitrate (B) content results figure in soil in embodiment 1, wherein CK is comparison; CON is conventional vegetables rice field-upland field rotation; SA is super accumulation type Sedum alfredii Hance nonoculture; LOW is low accumulation vegetables rice field-upland field rotation;
SA+LOW is Cd hyperaccumulator-aquatic low low accumulation vegetable crop rotation of accumulation vegetables-Lu Sheng.
Fig. 2 is different varieties mater convolvulus and Plantula Brassicae chinensis edible portion cadmium (A), nitrate (B) content results figure in embodiment 1, and wherein CONWS is the green mater convolvulus of Thailand willow; LOWWS is port kind green grass or young crops stalk willow leaf mater convolvulus; CONCC is Sapporo green vegetables; LOWCC is four bluish white Plantula Brassicae chinensiss.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.
Embodiment 1
1, test site: growing vegetables base, Hangzhou.
Choose the continuous cropping plastic greenhouse of 8 years, wherein cadmium content 1.10mg/kg, nitrate content 235.2mg/kg, exceed the limit value to farmland land used in soil environment quality standard (GB15618-2008).
Super accumulation type plant Sedum alfredii Hance screens offer by this class group from existing plant, by Sedum alfredii Hance stem segment cuttage to vermiculite: perlite ratio is in the matrix of 3:1, until the high 5～6cm of strain or growth about 1 month time be transplanted in the soil by cadmium and nitrate combined pollution.
Conventional Plantula Brassicae chinensis is Sapporo green vegetables, and conventional mater convolvulus is the green mater convolvulus of Thailand willow.
Low accumulation mater convolvulus and varieties of Brassica campestris are by screening in the existing vegetable variety of this seminar altogether for cadmium and nitrate, and standard is: when grown in field, and overground part cadmium is lower than conventional variety more than 1 times with Nitrate content. It is port kind green grass or young crops stalk willow leaf mater convolvulus that screening obtains low accumulation mater convolvulus, and low accumulation Plantula Brassicae chinensis is that rich nation four is bluish white.
All vegetable seed all with 0.07% NaClO solution disinfection 30min, the 50-55 DEG C of 4h that hots water treatment of seeds, first indoor vernalization on filter paper, hole plate seedling growth, is transplanted in the soil by cadmium and nitrate combined pollution after one month.
2,5 process have been established in test altogether, it is respectively 1, compares (not planting plant), 2, conventional Plantula Brassicae chinensis-routine mater convolvulus-routine Plantula Brassicae chinensis rotation system, 3, super accumulation type Sedum alfredii Hance nonoculture, 4, conventional Plantula Brassicae chinensis-low accumulation mater convolvulus-low accumulation Plantula Brassicae chinensis rotation system, 5, super accumulation type Sedum alfredii Hance-low accumulation mater convolvulus-low accumulation Plantula Brassicae chinensis rotation system, each process repeats 4 times.
Concrete treatment process is:
1, compare: namely do not plant any plant, but the daily administration such as water processes with other.
2, conventional Plantula Brassicae chinensis-routine mater convolvulus-routine Plantula Brassicae chinensis rotation system: Sapporo green vegetables are gathered in the crops after planting 2 months, repeat plantation 2 times again, after results, soil is carried out submerging treatment and plant the green mater convolvulus of Thailand willow, gather in the crops after 3 months, plant Sapporo green vegetables again, gather in the crops after 2 months once, repeat plantation once, then gather in the crops.
3, super accumulation type Sedum alfredii Hance nonoculture: Sedum alfredii Hance gathers in once after growing 3 months, stays overground part 1～2cm stem section to continue growth, gathers in once after 3 months again, plant 4 batches altogether.
4, conventional Plantula Brassicae chinensis-low accumulation mater convolvulus-low accumulation Plantula Brassicae chinensis rotation system: Sapporo green vegetables are gathered in the crops after planting 2 months, repeat plantation 2 times again, after results, soil is carried out submerging treatment and plant port kind green grass or young crops stalk willow leaf mater convolvulus, gather in the crops after 3 months, plant four more bluish white, gather in the crops after 2 months once, repeat plantation once, then gather in the crops.
5, super accumulation type Sedum alfredii Hance-low accumulation mater convolvulus-low accumulation Plantula Brassicae chinensis rotation system: super accumulation type plant Sedum alfredii Hance gathers in once after growing 3 months, stays overground part 1～2cm stem section to continue growth, and after 2 months, results remove; Port kind green grass or young crops stalk willow leaf mater convolvulus is gathered in the crops after growing up 3 months; Four bluish white growths are gathered in the crops after 2 months once, then repeat plantation once, then gather in the crops.
The sample tap water every kind of plant gathered in the crops 3 times is removed and is attached on sample earth and dirt, again with deionized water rinsing 3 times, drain moisture, weighing, get part and smash employing Whitfield's ointment-Sulphuric acid Colorimetry nitrate content to pieces, residue is placed in baking oven 105 DEG C of 30min that complete, then 65 DEG C dry to constant weight, weigh, pulverize, adopt HNO3/HClO4(5:1, v/v) digests, and icp ms (ICP-MS) measures cadmium content.
3, test result analysis
Fig. 1 gives the content respectively processing cadmium and nitrate in soil after above-mentioned cadmium-nitrate combined contamination soil is repaired 2 years.
As shown in Figure 1A, in the process soil of cadmium super accumulation type plant nonoculture, cadmium content is minimum, is secondly the process of Cd hyperaccumulator-low accumulation shift of crops, and soil cadmium content is down to 0.478mgkg-1, reduce 56.51%, lower than soil environment quality standard (GB15618-2008), it is possible to for agriculture production.
As shown in Figure 1B, the treatment of nitric acid salts contg of conventional vegetables rice field-upland field rotation is minimum, is secondly the process of low accumulation vegetables rice field-upland field rotation altogether, is the process of Cd hyperaccumulator low accumulation vegetable crop rotation together again, and soil nitrate level is down to 94.12mgkg-1, reduce 56.43%, reach normal soil nitrate level level, it is possible to for agriculture production.
In sum: Cd hyperaccumulator-aquatic low accumulation vegetables-Lu Sheng low accumulation vegetable crop rotation system can reach the biological restoration to cadmium-nitrate combined contamination soil, the production limit, limit that this plantation mechanism can apply to cadmium-nitrate combined contamination soil cadmium and nitrate is repaired.
Fig. 2 gives the content of aquatic low accumulation vegetables (low accumulation mater convolvulus), Lu Sheng low accumulation vegetables (low accumulation Plantula Brassicae chinensis) edible portion cadmium and nitrate when above-mentioned cadmium-nitrate combined contamination soil repairs the 2nd year.
As shown in Figure 2 A, low accumulation mater convolvulus cadmium content is 0.08mgkg-1, low accumulation Plantula Brassicae chinensis cadmium content is only 0.01mgkg-1, all far below national food safety standard (GB2762-2012, Cd < 0.5mgkg-1), it is possible to safe edible.
As shown in Figure 2 B, low accumulation mater convolvulus nitrate content is 609.24mgkg-1, low accumulation Plantula Brassicae chinensis nitrate content is 419.62mgkg-1, all lower than food sanitation safe grade III Standard (nitrate < 1234mgkg-1), it is possible to safe edible.
In sum: the vegetable safety that Cd hyperaccumulator-aquatic low accumulation vegetables-Lu Sheng low accumulation vegetable crop rotation system is produced can eat, and the production limit, limit that this plantation mechanism can apply to cadmium-nitrate combined contamination soil cadmium and nitrate is repaired.
Embodiment 1 result shows, the present invention utilizes Cd hyperaccumulator-aquatic low low accumulation vegetable crop rotation of accumulation vegetables-Lu Sheng, the cadmium in cadmium-nitrate combined contamination soil and nitrate can be repaired, the low accumulation vegetables of results can eat as safe vegetables or sell, thus heavy metal and secondary salinization combined contamination soil complete quick in situ reparation when not interrupting agriculture production.It is low that the method has expense, not spoiled soil physico-chemical property, and has the advantages such as limit production limit reparation.
What more than enumerate is only specific embodiments of the invention. The invention is not restricted to above embodiment, it is also possible to have many distortion. All distortion that the those of ordinary skill of this area can directly derive from content disclosed by the invention or associate, all think protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the reparation method of facility agricultural soil cadmium-nitrate combined pollution, it is characterised in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) at grown on soil Sedum alfredii Hance to be repaired, periodical reaping, after gathering in 2～3 times, removes Sedum alfredii Hance;
(2), after removing, this soil is planted port kind green grass or young crops stalk willow leaf mater convolvulus, between vegetative period, carries out submerging treatment;
(3), after gathering in the crops port kind green grass or young crops stalk willow leaf mater convolvulus, on this soil, four bluish white Plantula Brassicae chinensiss are planted again;
(4) repeating step (1)～(3), until soil is up to standard.
2. repair method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that, in step (1), Sedum alfredii Hance utilizes stem segment cuttage to grow to and transplants to soil to be repaired when strain height is 5～6cm.
3. repair method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that, in step (1), Sedum alfredii Hance growth harvesting after 2～3 months, stays overground part 1～2cm stem section during harvesting.
4. repair method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that, in step (2) and (3), port kind green grass or young crops stalk willow leaf mater convolvulus and the first seeding and seedling raising of four bluish white Plantula Brassicae chinensiss, transplant to soil to be repaired when seedling grows to 5～7cm.
5. repair method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that, in step (2), kind green grass or young crops stalk willow leaf mater convolvulus transplantation of seedlings in port, after 5～7 days, carries out submerging treatment.
6. reparation method as described in claim 1 or 5, it is characterised in that, in step (2), after submerging treatment, soil layer surface at least keeps depth of water 2cm.
7. repair method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that, in step (2), port kind green grass or young crops stalk willow leaf mater convolvulus growth 2～3 months results.
8. repair method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that, in step (3), between four bluish white Plantula Brassicae chinensis vegetative period, soil moisture content remains on 65%～75%.
9. repair method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that, in step (3), four bluish white Plantula Brassicae chinensis growth 1～2 month results.
10. repair method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that, in step (3), four bluish white Plantula Brassicae chinensis 1～2 seasons of plantation.
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| CN111097795A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-05-05 | 浙江大学 | Method for simultaneously producing and repairing cadmium-polluted continuous cropping obstacle facility agricultural soil |
| CN111226988A (en) * | 2020-03-07 | 2020-06-05 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Composite seed soaking agent and application thereof in improving crop seed activity and reducing zinc content of seedlings under zinc stress |
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| CN105665441B (en) | 2018-07-24 |
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