CN107223430A - A kind of agricultural method for obstructing Cd validity in facility leaf vegetables soil - Google Patents
A kind of agricultural method for obstructing Cd validity in facility leaf vegetables soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN107223430A CN107223430A CN201710451806.6A CN201710451806A CN107223430A CN 107223430 A CN107223430 A CN 107223430A CN 201710451806 A CN201710451806 A CN 201710451806A CN 107223430 A CN107223430 A CN 107223430A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of agricultural method for obstructing Cd validity in facility leaf vegetables soil.The invention provides a kind of plant field cultivation method, in turn include the following steps：Field fertilization, turn over, plant, normal management；It is characterized in that：The dose of the field fertilization is：Every mu of 350kg organic fertilizer of administration 250,8 10kg urea, 2 4kg diammonium hydrogen phosphates and 6 8kg potassium sulfates；The depth turned over is 10 40cm；The lay-up period of annual non-planting plants, has the catch crop of enrichment to Cd in the field planting.The present invention turns over by applying fertilizers scientifically, rationally, fill out the agricultural methods such as not busy plantation to ensure normal agricultural production, do not influence yield, cost is low and timeliness is long, it is the method for Cd validity in a kind of sustainable barrier facility leaf vegetables soil of safety, it is adapted to the popularization and application of large area, it is ensured that food security.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of agricultural method for obstructing Cd validity in facility leaf vegetables soil.
Background technology
Facility leaf vegetables growth cycle is short, general repeatable 4-8 batches of plantation in 1 year, therefore dose is universal higher,
Cause with fertilizer enter soil in Cd it is growing day by day, there is larger environmental risk.Result of study shows, with national soil
II grades of standard GB15618-1995 of quality (6.5 ＜ pH ＜ 7.5) are exceeded compared to the vegetable plot sample cadmium of China about 24.1%.In soil
Cd point be available state and invalid state, available state, which can be absorbed by crops, enters food chain, the health of harmful to human.Invalid state Cd
More difficult to be absorbed by plants, the harm to human body is smaller.
The Main on Cd validity in reduction soil includes physics and chemical two class at present：(1) add into soil
Enter passivator, occurring chemical action by passivator and Cd reduces Cd activity, but such method term of validity is short, and is added to soil
In passivator can produce secondary pollution；(2) change and cultivate soil layer, the higher topsoil of Cd contents is replaced by new soil, the party
Method cost is high, and the general content of organic matter of new soil changed is relatively low, is unfavorable for plant growth.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of agricultural method for obstructing Cd validity in facility leaf vegetables soil.
The invention provides a kind of plant field cultivation method, in turn include the following steps：Field fertilization, turn over, plant,
Normal management；It is characterized in that：The dose of the field fertilization is：Every mu is applied 250-350kg organic fertilizers, 8-10kg urine
Element, 2-4kg diammonium hydrogen phosphates and 6-8kg potassium sulfates；The depth turned over is 10-40cm；Non- planting plants is idle every year
Phase, there is the catch crop of enrichment to Cd in the field planting.
The plant is leaf vegetables plant.The leaf vegetables plant concretely Lettuce.The Lettuce is concretely
Fragrant Lettuce.
The dose of the field fertilization is concretely：Every mu is applied 300kg organic fertilizers, 9.3kg urea, 3.5kg phosphoric acid
The ammonium of hydrogen two and 6.9kg potassium sulfates.
The mode of the field fertilization is spread fertilizer over the fields for surface, hugs even with rake after spreading fertilizer over the fields.
The depth turned over concretely 30cm.
The mode of the plantation can be sowing or transplanting seedling.
When the planting patterns is sowing, ditch 3-5cm during sowing, drilling, line-spacing 15cm, thinning after emerging, seeding row spacing
15cm。
The planting patterns is transplants during seedling, seeding row spacing 15cm during transplanting.
In methods described, the normal management harvests plant when including after field planting 40-45 days.
The catch crop can be black nightshade or Viola baoshanensis or seed three-coloured amaranth.The catch crop concretely Grain Production of Amaranthus
Dish.
The planting patterns of the catch crop for sowing, ditch 3-5cm during sowing, drilling, line-spacing 15cm, after emerging between
Seedling, spacing in the rows 15cm.
The field in the field concretely Hebei province.
The lay-up period concretely 7-8 months.
The present invention also protects a kind of compound fertilizer, is made up of organic fertilizer, urea, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate；It is described to have
Machine fertilizer, urea, the quality proportioning of diammonium hydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate are：125-175：4-5：1-2：3-4.
In the compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer, urea, the quality proportioning of diammonium hydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate are：300：9.3：
3.5：6.9.
The present invention also protects application of the compound fertilizer in plant field cultivation.
The present invention also protects application of the catch crop in plant field cultivation described in the compound fertilizer and any of the above.
Organic fertilizer described in any of the above is the organic fertilizer for meeting national standard that in the market is bought, its total nutrient (nitrogen+five
Aoxidize two phosphorus+potassium oxide) mass fraction (in terms of drying base)/(%) >=5, mass fraction/(%)≤30 of moisture (fresh sample),
Acid-base value (pH) 5.5-8.5.The organic fertilizer is specifically purchased from the organic fertilizer of Beijing Feng Tai Min An bio tech ltd, fertilizer
Expect registration card number：The quasi- word of capital agricultural fertilizer (2012) 0007, fertilizer performs standard：NY525-2012.
Urea described in any of the above is specifically purchased from hook Shandong Hualu Hengsheng Chemical Industry Co. Ltd., performs standard：
GB2440-2001。
Diammonium hydrogen phosphate described in any of the above is specifically purchased from can Shandong Ding Xin bio tech ltd, execution standard：
GB10205-2001。
Potassium sulfate described in any of the above is specifically purchased from Qinghai CITIC Guoan Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., performs standard：
GB20406-2006。
The present invention is by applying fertilizer, ploughing deeply, fill out the comprehensive agronomic measures such as spare time, and Cd's has effectively in reduction facility leaf vegetables soil
Form is imitated, so as to reduce absorption of the crop to Cd.By applying fertilizers scientifically, rationally turn over, fill out the agricultural methods such as not busy plantation can be
Ensure normal agricultural production, do not influence yield, cost is low and timeliness is long, be a kind of sustainable barrier facility leaf vegetables of safety
The method of Cd validity in class soil, is adapted to the popularization and application of large area, it is ensured that food security.
Embodiment
Following embodiment facilitates a better understanding of the present invention, but does not limit the present invention.Experiment in following embodiments
Method, is conventional method unless otherwise specified.Test material used in following embodiments, is certainly unless otherwise specified
What routine biochemistry reagent shop was commercially available.Quantitative test in following examples, is respectively provided with three repetition experiments, as a result makes even
Average.
Organic fertilizer in following examples is the organic fertilizer for meeting national standard that in the market is bought, its total nutrient (nitrogen+
Phosphorus pentoxide+potassium oxide) mass fraction (in terms of drying base)/(%) >=5, mass fraction/(%) of moisture (fresh sample)≤
30, acid-base value (pH) 5.5-8.5.
The assay method of plant Cd contents in following examples is with reference to " GB 5009.15-2014 food securities country mark
The measure of quasi- cadmium in foods ".
The following is assay method reference " the GB/T23739-2009 soil qualities of the soil available Cd contents in example
Available Lead and Cadmium detrmination atomic absorption method ".
Organic fertilizer：Beijing Feng Tai Min An bio tech ltd, fertilizer registration card number：The quasi- word 0007 of capital agricultural fertilizer (2012)
Number, fertilizer performs standard：NY525-2012.
Urea：Shandong Hualu Hengsheng Chemical Industry Co. Ltd., performs standard：GB2440-2001.
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate：Shandong Ding Xin bio tech ltd, performs standard：GB10205-2001.
Potassium sulfate：Qinghai CITIC Guoan Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., performs standard：GB20406-2006.
It is located at Qing Country, Hebei Province Li Jiaying villages to experimental field in following examples.
Lettuce in following examples is fragrant Lettuce, and by green gold, blue seedling Co., Ltd produces.
The influence of embodiment 1, fertilizer application to Cd contents
1st, fertilizer application：Fertilizer application is carried out according to following packet, fertilizer is that surface is spread fertilizer over the fields, and is hugged after spreading fertilizer over the fields with rake
It is even：
Group I：Application of organic fertilizers (600kg/ mus)；
Group II：Using chemical fertilizer (12kg/ mus of 14.3kg/ mus+potassium sulfate of 16.3kg/ mus+diammonium hydrogen phosphate of urea)；
Group III：Organic-inorganic, which is matched somebody with somebody, applies (300k/ mus+urea of organic fertilizer 3.5kg/ mus+sulfuric acid of 9.3kg/ mus+diammonium hydrogen phosphate
6.9kg/ mus of potassium)；
Group IV：Do not apply fertilizer.
In above-mentioned fertilizer, the Cd contents in organic fertilizer are 0.31mg/kg-2.7mg/kg；Cd contents in urea are
0.03mg/kg；Cd contents in diammonium hydrogen phosphate<0.03mg/kg；Cd contents in potassium sulfate<0.03mg/kg.
Wherein, N, P in group I, group II and group III2O5And K2O consumption is 9.6kg/ mus, 6kg/ mus and 6kg/ mus.
2nd, complete after step 1, take Lettuce seed to be sowed, ditch 3-5cm during sowing, drilling, line-spacing 15cm is emerged
Thinning afterwards, seeding row spacing 15cm.
3rd, complete after step 2, be managed using conventional method, harvest plant after field planting when 40-45 days.
4th, to each group yield and plant Cd contents is detected.
The yield testing result of each group is：
Group I：7166.70kg/hm2；
Group II：7290.87kg/hm2；
Group III：7734.36kg/hm2；
Group IV：6244.25kg/hm2。
The plant Cd content detection results of each group are：
Group I：0.221mg/kg；
Group II：0.198mg/kg；
Group III：0.112mg/kg；
Group IV：0.089mg/kg.
The influence of embodiment 2, ploughed depth to Cd contents
1st, fertilizer application：Organic-inorganic, which is matched somebody with somebody, applies (3.5kg/ mus of 9.3kg/ mus+diammonium hydrogen phosphate of 300k/ mus+urea of organic fertilizer
6.9kg/ mus of+potassium sulfate), fertilizer spreads fertilizer over the fields for surface, hugs even with rake after spreading fertilizer over the fields.
2nd, complete after step 1, turned over, operated according to following packet：
Group I：Ploughed depth 40cm；
Group II：Ploughed depth 30cm；
Group III：Ploughed depth 20cm；
Group IV：Ploughed depth 10cm；
Group V：Do not turn over.
3rd, complete after step 2, take Lettuce seed to be sowed, ditch 3-5cm during sowing, drilling, line-spacing 15cm is emerged
Thinning afterwards, seeding row spacing 15cm.
4th, complete after step 3, be managed using conventional method, harvest plant after field planting when 40-45 days.
5th, to each group yield and plant Cd contents is detected.
The yield testing result of each group is：
Group I：7556.5kg/hm2；
Group II：7507.3kg/hm2；
Group III：7301.5kg/hm2；
Group IV：7014.6kg/hm2；
Group V：6321.3kg/hm2。
The plant Cd content detection results of each group are：
Group I：0.161mg/kg；
Group II：0.157mg/kg；
Group III：0.198mg/kg；
Group IV：0.225mg/kg；
Group V：0.233mg/kg.
The influence of embodiment 3, catch crop cultivation to Cd contents
1st, between the 7-8 months, it is not suitable for carrying out leaf vegetables plantation, planting in idle soil has Cd high enrichment to fill out
Not busy crop, detects before plantation to the available state Cd contents in soil.As a result show, soil available Cd contents are
0.64mg/kg。
Operated respectively according to following packet：
Group I：Plant catch crop black nightshade；
Group II：Plant catch crop Viola baoshanensis；
Group III：Plant catch crop seed three-coloured amaranth；
Group IV：Do not plant catch crop.
Above-mentioned catch crop using sowing by the way of plant, ditch 3-5cm during sowing, drilling, line-spacing 15cm, after emerging between
Seedling, spacing in the rows 15cm.
2nd, each group catch crop is harvested by the end of August.Each group catch crop Cd contents and soil available Cd contents are carried out
Detection.
The catch crop Cd content detection results of each group are：
Group I：55.41mg/kg；
Group II：105.88mg/kg；
Group III：134.55mg/kg.
The soil available Cd content detection results of each group are：
Group I：0.55mg/kg；
Group II：0.43mg/kg；
Group III：0.32mg/kg；
Group IV：0.66mg/kg.
Cd validity in embodiment 4, comprehensive agronomic measures barrier facility leaf vegetables soil
1st, the available state Cd contents in soil are detected.As a result show, soil available Cd contents are 0.69mg/
kg。
2nd, fertilizer application：300kg/ mus+urea of organic fertilizer 3.5kg/ mus+potassium sulfate of 9.3kg/ mus+diammonium hydrogen phosphate
6.9kg/ mus, fertilizer is that surface is spread fertilizer over the fields, and hugs even with rake after spreading fertilizer over the fields.
3rd, complete after step 2, turned over：Ploughed depth is 30cm.
4th, complete after step 3, transplant Lettuce seedling, seeding row spacing is 15cm.
5th, complete after step 4, be managed using conventional method, harvest plant after field planting when 40-45 days.
Yield, plant Cd contents and soil available Cd contents to plant are detected.As a result show, plant yield
For 8004.23kg/hm2, plant Cd contents are 0.087mg/kg, and soil available Cd contents are 0.64mg/kg.
6th, between the 7-8 months, plantation has the catch crop seed three-coloured amaranth of high enrichment to Cd.The kind by the way of sowing
Plant, ditch 3-5cm, drilling, line-spacing 15cm, thinning after emerging, spacing in the rows 15cm.
7th, catch crop is harvested by the end of August, and soil available Cd contents are detected.As a result show, now soil
Middle available state Cd contents have already decreased to 0.54mg/kg.
The optimal agricultural method of Cd validity in embodiment 5, barrier facility leaf vegetables soil
Integrated embodiment 1-4 result, by repeatedly groping, has obtained obstructing Cd validity in facility leaf vegetables soil
Optimal agricultural method, it is specific as follows shown：
1st, soil is applied fertilizer first before plantation every time, fertilizer is by organic fertilizer, urea, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate group
Into；Dose is organic fertilizer 250-350kg kg/ mus+urea 8-10kg kg/ mus+sulfuric acid of kg/ mus+diammonium hydrogen phosphate 2-4kg
Kg/ mus of potassium 6-8kg (most preferably kg/ mus of organic fertilizer 300kg kg/ mus+urea 9.3kg kg/ mus+diammonium hydrogen phosphate 3.5kg+
Kg/ mus of potassium sulfate 6.9kg)；Fertilization mode spreads fertilizer over the fields for surface, hugs even with rake after spreading fertilizer over the fields.
Rate of fertilizer, which can be realized, ensures that soil available Cd contents are constant or reduce, and the Cd in vegetable plant strain contains
Amount is in safe range (GB 2762-2012 national food safety standard, 0.05-0.2mg/kg), and the dose can also be controlled effectively
Soil pH processed, prevents soil acidification, because soil pH is reduced, Cd that can be in activating soil.
2nd, complete after fertilising, soil is turned over, turn over ploughed depth for 10cm-40cm (most preferably 30cm).
Although validity Cd in soil can not directly be reduced by turning over, the available state in topsoil region can be reduced by turning over
Cd, and reduce plant pair Cd absorption by changing soil aeration.
3rd, complete after turning over, carry out the plantation of leaf vegetables plant.Planting patterns can be using two kinds of sides of sowing or transplanting seedling
Formula.If using seeding method, ditch 3-5cm during sowing, drilling, line-spacing 15cm, thinning after emerging, seeding row spacing 15cm.If
Using seedling mode is transplanted, seeding row spacing is 15cm.
4th, complete after plantation, be managed using conventional method, harvest plant after field planting when 40-45 days.
5th, during the annual 7-8 months, it is not suitable for carrying out leaf vegetables plantation, is planted in the idle soil after having harvested leaf vegetables crop
Plant the catch crop to Cd with high enrichment, low soil available Cd content.Catch crop can be black nightshade, Golconda
Violet, seed three-coloured amaranth etc. (most preferably seed three-coloured amaranth).Catch crop is planted by the way of sowing, and ditch 3-5cm, drilling, OK
Away from 15cm, thinning after emerging, spacing in the rows 15cm.Catch crop is harvested by the end of August.Then autumn can continue to plant in soil as needed
Plant new one batch of leaf vegetables crop.
This method controls effective form of Cd in soil by applying fertilizer, ploughing deeply, filling out the comprehensive agronomic measures such as spare time, reduces crop
Absorption to Cd.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of plant field cultivation method, in turn includes the following steps：Field fertilization, turn over, plant, normal management；It is special
Levy and be：The dose of the field fertilization is：Every mu is applied 250-350kg organic fertilizers, 8-10kg urea, 2-4kg phosphoric acid hydrogen
Two ammoniums and 6-8kg potassium sulfates；The depth turned over is 10-40cm；；The lay-up period of annual non-planting plants, in the field
Plantation has the catch crop of enrichment to Cd.
2. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The plant is leaf vegetables plant.
3. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：The mode of the field fertilization is：Every mu is applied 300kg
Organic fertilizer, 9.3kg urea, 3.5kg diammonium hydrogen phosphates and 6.9kg potassium sulfates.
4. the method as described in claim 1-3 is any, it is characterised in that：The depth turned over is 30cm.
5. the method as described in any in claim 1-4, it is characterised in that：The catch crop be black nightshade or Viola baoshanensis or
Seed three-coloured amaranth.
6. the method as described in claim 1-5 is any, it is characterised in that：The catch crop is seed three-coloured amaranth.
7. a kind of compound fertilizer, is made up of organic fertilizer, urea, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate；The organic fertilizer, urea, phosphoric acid
The quality proportioning of the ammonium of hydrogen two and potassium sulfate is：125-175：4-5：1-2：3-4.
8. compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that：The organic fertilizer, urea, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate
Quality proportioning be：300：9.3：3.5：6.9.
9. application of the compound fertilizer described in claim 7 or 8 in plant field cultivation.
10. the application of compound fertilizer described in claim 7 or 8 and catch crop in plant field cultivation.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111279995A (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2020-06-16 | 四川省核工业地质调查院(核工业西南地质调查院) | Tomato-violet interplanting cultivation method |
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Application publication date: 20171003 |