CN1465449A - Use of violet in repairing lead and cadmium polluted soil and water and culturing method - Google Patents
Use of violet in repairing lead and cadmium polluted soil and water and culturing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the application of violet for repairing soil and water polluted by heavy metals of lead and cadmium and its cultivation method. Said invention includes two measures: one is to transplant the violet seedlings into the soil polluted by heavy metals, anothe is to place the perforated floation bed into the water body polluted by heavy metals, and the violet seedlings can be respectively inserted into the small holes on the floation bed.
Description
Affiliated technical field
The present invention relates to violet at purposes and the inoculation method thereof of repairing lead, cadmium pollution soil and water body, belong to environmental pollution improvement, particularly the pollution control technical field of lead and cadmium in soil or the water body.
Background technology
In view of the generality and the seriousness of heavy metal pollution of soil, some developed countries formulate corresponding soil remediation plan one after another.Federal Government has been formulated soil and underground water rehabilitation plan, prepares the tens billion of more than one hundred billion dollars that arrive of investment, 1994, initiates and set up " global soil is repaired network (Global Soil Remediation Net-work) " by the U.S..
Physics such as local method, soil moved in to improve the original method, electrochemical process or chemical method etc. are administered and mainly adopt soil solidification, vitrifying, leaching method, washed to traditional heavy-metal contaminated soil.These methods exist following shortcoming: (1) cost height, one hectare heavy metal pollution soil be often up to tens million of US dollar, and be difficult to extensive use; (2) destroy ecological environment of soil, cause soil texture forfeiture, biological activity of soil to descend and soil fertility degeneration, often need to carry out after-treatment; (3) secondary pollution, utilization physics, chemical method become often can cause again pollution once more to soil to the process of heavy metal pollution soil remediation.
Therefore, since the eighties, developed country just pays special attention to phytoremediation technology research, and makes it progressively develop into a research of current environmental science focus, more and more is subjected to the great attention of government, academia and business circles especially in recent years.Up to the present, the mechanism of environmental organism recovery technique developmental research is engaged in and company has risen to more than 200 in the North America.2000, american plant was repaired market sale and is reached 10,000 ten thousand dollars.
Make progress in the international research of phytoremediation at present, the subject matter of existence has: (1) alternative enriching plant kind is few.(2) biomass of the existing super enriching plant that adopts is generally on the low side, and the overall removal efficient of heavy metal is still lower.(3) biological effectiveness of heavy metal has much room for improvement in the contaminated soil.(4) from application point of view, the phytoremediation technology major part of developed country also all is in laboratory and pilot scale stage at present.
Technology contents
The technical issues that need to address of the present invention provide violet at purposes and the inoculation method thereof of repairing lead, cadmium pollution soil and water body.
Technical problem of the present invention can reach by taking following measure: violet is characterized in the purposes of repairing lead, cadmium pollution soil and water body:
1) screening can enriched lead, the heavy metal super-enriched plant violet of cadmium;
2) with aforementioned violet transplantation of seedlings in the heavy-metal contaminated soil of leaded, cadmium, perhaps in the heavy metal-polluted water of leaded, cadmium, floating bed is set, punching on described floating bed, the violet seedling is inserted in the aperture;
3) lead after the violet plant grew 2 months on the ground in the soil, cadmium heavy metal are absorbed into the aerial part of violet by the rhizome of violet, the harvesting aerial part, cutting is shifted out heavy-metal contaminated soil carry out security landfill or burning; Perhaps when violet on the water on the floating bed growth gather in the crops complete stool after 1 month, cutting is carried out security landfill or burning;
4) harvesting on the ground during violet at 1～2cm place, violet collar top toothing, violet gathers in its aerial part after germinateing and regenerating 2 months again, operation so repeatedly, content of beary metal such as lead in soil and cadmium can be removed heavy metal pollution such as lead and cadmium in the soil in safe range; Repeat again to plant aforementioned violet after perhaps gathering in the violet on the water body floating bed, complete stool harvesting again after waiting to grow 1 month, so repeatedly, the lead in water body, cadmium content of beary metal are in safe range.
The inoculation method of the violet of purposes as previously mentioned is characterized in:
The soil cultivation method:
1) cultivate seedling in greenhouse or warm, moistening environment, pH in soil is 5～8;
2) grow seedlings the back transplanting of 6 weeks to the land for growing field crops, keep line-spacing 10cm, spacing in the rows 5cm, after surviving on the ground, plant removes weeds in field, intertill, loosen the soil, applied nitrogen, harvesting first after transplanting seedlings 2 months, can gather in continuously in per then two months, surviving the winter stops harvesting the previous moon, and fertilising, irrigation guarantee the violet safe overwintering.
Cultivation method in the water body:
1) Pb, Cd are introduced the bigger pond of area greater than the heavy metal-polluted water of 10 mg/kg, the depth of water remains on about 0.5m, water surface fixed thickness is the polyvinyl chloride foam plate about 2～3cm, on the polyvinyl chloride foam plate, punch, diameter 1～1.5cm, pitch-row 5cm * 5cm inserts in the hole the violet seedling that grew to for 5～6 ages in week, and regulating water pH value is about 6;
2) with violet sprigging in aforementioned apertures, use solubility nitrogenous fertilizer to water body, promote plant strain growth, grow and gather in the crops complete stool after 1 month.
Foregoing violet is in the purposes of repairing lead, cadmium pollution soil and water body, and its characteristics also have:
1) will be growth period that the violet transplantation of seedlings in 5～6 weeks is containing Pb greater than 1000, in the heavy-metal contaminated soil of Cd greater than 50 mg/kg, line-spacing 10cm, spacing in the rows 5cm; Perhaps in containing Pb, the Cd heavy metal-polluted water greater than 10 mg/kg floating bed is set, punching, bore dia 1～1.5cm, pitch-row 5cm * 5cm on described floating bed insert the violet seedling that grew to for 5～6 weeks in the aperture;
2) after plant survives on the ground, remove weeds in field in good time, grow and gather in aerial part after 2 months, cutting is shifted out heavy-metal contaminated soil carry out security landfill or burning; Perhaps in water body, can apply certain nitrogenous fertilizer, accelerate growth to impel violet, when violet on the water on the floating bed growth gather in the crops complete stool after 1 month, cutting is carried out security landfill or burning.
The violet of purposes as previously mentioned is characterized in:
1) be perennial herb, the no aerial stem of plant, high 7～10cm, tool long and significantly main root, rhizome shorten, give birth to white fibrous root, 2～4 plant grow thickly in the rhizome top, each plant leaf majority, all base is given birth to, and is lotus to sit shape;
2) face of blade is dark green, and back side powder is green, ovum shape lanceolar, and long 2cm, wide 3cm, base portion heart type, long avette, gradually sharp, the leaf edge sawtooth shape, leaf margin top kermesinus gland point, the long 3-5cm of petiole, the fruit phase significantly extends, and the wing is obvious, and is gradually narrow downwards; The stipule light green color, lanceolar, about long 1cm, about 1/3 with the petiole symphysis;
3) spend rareness, purple closes and spends morely, and in 3～April of florescence, bennet has rib, and is closely isometric with leaf, and young fruit period is to the ground bending, and ripe back is upright; The stipule of nearly two alternates in middle part of bennet (closely to life), narrow lanceolar, long 0.7～1cm;
4) fruit long ball shape, the column cap cylindrical bending, deposit the place, the top nick, connective adjunct taupe is about 2 times in flower pesticide, and the nail shape protects flower pesticide, really 4～June of phase;
5) the seed brown the spindle of causing trouble, and the opposite end sphere is planted and is about 1mm;
6) under the self-sow situation, lead content (dry weight) is greater than 1500 mg/kg in this violet aerial part plant, and cadmium content is greater than 1000 mg/kg simultaneously.
The present invention has following outstanding effect:
1, because the big violet of amount that the present invention utilized is a kind of plant of super enriching heavy metal, main by lead and cadmium in a large amount of simultaneously absorption soil of its root system, the water body, and have the advantages that upwards to carry and be transported to overground part, the harvesting overground part is also removed it, then can from soil He in the water body, take away a large amount of lead, cadmium, from contaminated soil, water body, remove purpose plumbous, the cadmium pollution thing fast thereby reach.
2, since among the present invention the cadmium enriching quantity in the violet body be ten times of super enriching plant content (100 mg/kg) of international cadmium, lead content is greater than 1500 mg/kg in the violet aerial part plant, cadmium content is greater than 1000 mg/kg, has therefore that cost is low, the characteristics of remarkable in economical benefits.
3, the present invention does not destroy ecological environment of soil, can make good structure of soil conservation and fertility state, by to the focusing on of plant, can not cause secondary pollution.
Preferred embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Nurse young plants in hothouses, when violet grew to for 5～6 ages in week, transplant seedling and containing Pb greater than 1000, in the heavy-metal contaminated soil of Cd greater than 50 mg/kg, line-spacing 10cm, spacing in the rows 5cm.Because the violet seedling is less, likes warm, moistening environment, the seedling period management should be noted that and preserves moisture, winter protection, and applies nitrogenous fertilizer.After plant survives, remove weeds in field in good time, grow and gather in aerial part after 2 months, cutting is shifted out heavy-metal contaminated soil carry out security landfill or burning.Best manual work during harvesting is at 1～2cm place, violet collar top toothing.Pouring immediately imposes 5～10 kilograms/mu in nitrogenous fertilizer after the results.Then gathered in overground part continuously in 2 months when the violet growth later on, the previous moon that arrives in the winter time stops harvesting, notes insulation, so that violet can safe overwintering.After measured, the interior lead content of plant is greater than 3000 mg/kg on the ground for the violet of results, and cadmium content is greater than 2000 mg/kg.After gathering in many batches of violet overground parts repeatedly, plumbous in the soil, cadmium content will constantly reduce, and finally make leaded, the cadmium amount of contaminated soil be reduced to normal soil level, to reach the purpose of final elimination soil pollution.
The suitable previous moon that arrives in the winter time of violet stops harvesting among the embodiment 1, notes insulation, so that violet can safe overwintering.After measured, the interior lead content of plant is greater than 3000 mg/kg on the ground for the violet of results, and cadmium content is greater than 2000 mg/kg.After gathering in many batches of violet overground parts repeatedly, plumbous in the soil, cadmium content will constantly reduce, and finally make leaded, the cadmium amount of contaminated soil be reduced to normal soil level, to reach the purpose of final elimination soil pollution.
Embodiment 2
Floating bed (water surface fixed thickness is the polyvinyl chloride foam plate about 2～3cm) is set in containing Pb, the Cd heavy metal-polluted water greater than 10 mg/kg, on the polyvinyl chloride foam plate, punch, diameter 1～1.5cm, pitch-row 5cm * 5cm inserts aperture with the violet seedling that grew to for 5～6 ages in week.Because the violet seedling is tiny, can twine certain absorbent cotton at its collar place, prevent that seedling from falling into water body.In water body, can apply certain nitrogenous fertilizer, accelerate growth to impel violet.Grow and gather in the crops complete stool after 1 month, cutting is carried out security landfill or burning.So repeatedly.In the water body purification process, the violet well-grown does not manifest being subjected to the heavy metallic poison symptom, but the lead enrichment of violet cauline leaf reaches 3000 mg/kg, and the cadmium enriching quantity is greater than 2000 mg/kg.From the young to the adult, the lead of enrichment, cadmium also are linear growth in the violet cauline leaf.Plumbous in the water body, cadmium content will constantly reduce, and finally make leaded, the cadmium amount of polluted-water be reduced to normal water body level, to reach the purpose of final elimination water pollution.
Claims (5)
1, violet is characterized in that in the purposes of repairing lead, cadmium pollution soil and water body:
1) screening can enriched lead, the heavy metal super-enriched plant violet of cadmium;
2) with aforementioned violet transplantation of seedlings in the heavy-metal contaminated soil of leaded, cadmium, perhaps in the heavy metal-polluted water of leaded, cadmium, floating bed is set, punching on described floating bed, the violet seedling is inserted in the aperture;
3) lead after the violet plant grew 2 months on the ground in the soil, cadmium heavy metal are absorbed into the aerial part of violet by the rhizome of violet, the harvesting aerial part, cutting is shifted out heavy-metal contaminated soil carry out security landfill or burning; Perhaps when violet on the water on the floating bed growth gather in the crops complete stool after 1 month, cutting is carried out security landfill or burning;
4) harvesting on the ground during violet at 1～2cm place, violet collar top toothing, violet gathers in its aerial part after germinateing and regenerating 2 months again, operation so repeatedly, content of beary metal such as lead in soil and cadmium can be removed heavy metal pollution such as lead and cadmium in the soil in safe range; Repeat again to plant aforementioned violet after perhaps gathering in the violet on the water body floating bed, complete stool harvesting again after waiting to grow 1 month, so repeatedly, the lead in water body, cadmium content of beary metal are in safe range.
2, the inoculation method of the violet of purposes according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
1) cultivate seedling in greenhouse or warm, moistening environment, pH in soil is 5～8;
2) grow seedlings the back transplanting of 6 weeks to the land for growing field crops, keep line-spacing 10cm, spacing in the rows 5cm, after surviving on the ground, plant removes weeds in field, intertill, loosen the soil, applied nitrogen, harvesting first after transplanting seedlings 2 months, can gather in continuously in per then two months, surviving the winter stops harvesting the previous moon, and fertilising, irrigation guarantee the violet safe overwintering.
3, the inoculation method of the violet of purposes according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
1) Pb, Cd are introduced the bigger pond of area greater than the heavy metal-polluted water of 10 mg/kg, the depth of water remains on about 0.5m, water surface fixed thickness is the polyvinyl chloride foam plate about 2～3cm, on the polyvinyl chloride foam plate, punch, diameter 1～1.5cm, pitch-row 5cm * 5cm inserts in the hole the violet seedling that grew to for 5～6 ages in week, and regulating water pH value is about 6;
2) with violet sprigging in aforementioned apertures, use solubility nitrogenous fertilizer to water body, promote plant strain growth, grow and gather in the crops complete stool after 1 month.
4, violet as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that in the purposes of repairing lead, cadmium pollution soil and water body:
1) will be growth period that the violet transplantation of seedlings in 5～6 weeks is containing Pb greater than 1000, in the heavy-metal contaminated soil of Cd greater than 50 mg/kg, line-spacing 10cm, spacing in the rows 5cm; Perhaps in containing Pb, the Cd heavy metal-polluted water greater than 10 mg/kg floating bed is set, punching, bore dia 1～1.5cm, pitch-row 5cm * 5cm on described floating bed insert the violet seedling that grew to for 5～6 weeks in the aperture;
2) after plant survives on the ground, remove weeds in field in good time, grow and gather in aerial part after 2 months, cutting is shifted out heavy-metal contaminated soil carry out security landfill or burning; Perhaps in water body, can apply certain nitrogenous fertilizer, accelerate growth to impel violet, when violet on the water on the floating bed growth gather in the crops complete stool after 1 month, cutting is carried out security landfill or burning.
5, the violet of purposes according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
1) be perennial herb, the no aerial stem of plant, high 7～10cm, tool long and significantly main root, rhizome shorten, give birth to white fibrous root, 2～4 plant grow thickly in the rhizome top, each plant leaf majority, all base is given birth to, and is lotus to sit shape;
2) face of blade is dark green, and back side powder is green, ovum shape lanceolar, and long 2cm, wide 3cm, base portion heart type, long avette, gradually sharp, the leaf edge sawtooth shape, leaf margin top kermesinus gland point, the long 3-5cm of petiole, the fruit phase significantly extends, and the wing is obvious, and is gradually narrow downwards; The stipule light green color, lanceolar, about long 1cm, about 1/3 with the petiole symphysis;
3) spend rareness, purple closes and spends morely, and in 3～April of florescence, bennet has rib, and is closely isometric with leaf, and young fruit period is to the ground bending, and ripe back is upright; The stipule of nearly two alternates in middle part of bennet (closely to life), narrow lanceolar, long 0.7～1cm;
4) fruit long ball shape, the column cap cylindrical bending, deposit the place, the top nick, connective adjunct taupe is about 2 times in flower pesticide, and the nail shape protects flower pesticide, really 4～June of phase;
5) the seed brown the spindle of causing trouble, and the opposite end sphere is planted and is about 1mm;
6) under the self-sow situation, lead content (dry weight) is greater than 1500 mg/kg in this violet aerial part plant, and cadmium content is greater than 1000 mg/kg simultaneously.
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| CN 02134312 CN1225321C (en) | 2002-07-05 | 2002-07-05 | Use of violet in repairing lead and cadmium polluted soil and water and culturing method |
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| CN 02134312 CN1225321C (en) | 2002-07-05 | 2002-07-05 | Use of violet in repairing lead and cadmium polluted soil and water and culturing method |
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| CN1225321C CN1225321C (en) | 2005-11-02 |
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