CN1225321C - Use of violet in repairing lead and cadmium polluted soil and water and culturing method - Google Patents
Use of violet in repairing lead and cadmium polluted soil and water and culturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1225321C CN1225321C CN 02134312 CN02134312A CN1225321C CN 1225321 C CN1225321 C CN 1225321C CN 02134312 CN02134312 CN 02134312 CN 02134312 A CN02134312 A CN 02134312A CN 1225321 C CN1225321 C CN 1225321C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a purpose of violets in restoring plumbum, soil polluted by cadmium and water bodies and a planting method thereof. The present invention is characterized in that super enriching plant violets which can enrich heavy metal of plumbum and cadmium are selected; violet seedlings with the growth period of 5 to 6 weeks are transplanted in soil polluted by heavy metal and containing larger than 1000 mg/kg of Pb and larger than 50 mg/kg of Cd, or a floating bed is arranged in a water body polluted by heavy metal containing larger than 10 mg/kg of Pb and Cd, the floating bed is punched, and violet seedlings growing to 5 to 6 weeks are inserted in small holes. Because the violets of large quantity utilized by the present invention are plants for super enriching heavy metal, plumbum and cadmium in the soil and the water body can be largely absorbed simultaneously mainly by the root systems of the plants, and the present invention has the characteristic of upwards conveying and transferring the plumbum and the cadmium to overground parts; the overground parts are reaped and removed, and a large quantity of plumbum and cadmium can be removed from the soil and the water body. Thereby, the purpose of quickly removing plumbum and cadmium pollutants from polluted soil and water bodies can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to violet and be subjected to the soil of lead, cadmium pollution or the purposes in the water body, belong to environmental pollution improvement, particularly the Pollution abatement technical field of lead and cadmium in soil or the water body in reparation.
Background technology
In view of the ubiquity and the seriousness of heavy metal pollution of soil, some developed countries formulate corresponding soil remediation plan one after another.United States Federal Government has been formulated soil and underground water rehabilitation plan, prepares the tens billion of more than one hundred billion dollars that arrive of investment, 1994, initiates and set up " global soil is repaired network (Global Soil Remediation Net-work) " by the U.S..
Physics such as local method, soil moved in to improve the original method, electrochemical process or chemical process etc. are administered and mainly adopt soil solidification, vitrifying, leaching method, washed to traditional heavy-metal contaminated soil.These methods exist following shortcoming: (1) cost height, one hectare heavy metal contamination soil be often up to tens million of US dollar, and be difficult to extensive use; (2) destroy ecological environment of soil, cause Soil structure forfeiture, biological activity of soil to descend and soil fertility degeneration, often need to carry out secondary treatment; (3) secondary pollution, utilization physics, chemical process become often can cause again pollution once more to soil to the process of heavy metal contamination soil remediation.
Therefore, since the eighties, developed country just pays special attention to phytoremediation technology research, and makes it progressively develop into a research of current environmental science focus, more and more is subjected to the great attention of government, academia and business circles especially in recent years.Up to the present, the mechanism of environmental organism recovery technique development research is engaged in and company has risen to more than 200 in the North America.2000, american plant was repaired market sale and is reached 10,000 ten thousand dollars.
Make progress in the international research of phytoremediation at present, the subject matter of existence has: (1) alternative enriching plant kind is few.(2) biomass of the existing super enriching plant that adopts is generally on the low side, and the overall removal efficient of heavy metal is still lower.(3) biological effectiveness of heavy metal has much room for improvement in the contaminated soil.(4) from application point of view, the phytoremediation technology major part of developed country also all is in laboratory and pilot scale stage at present.
Summary of the invention
The technical issues that need to address of the present invention provide violet and are subjected to the soil of lead, cadmium pollution or the purposes in the water body in reparation.
Technical problem of the present invention can reach by taking following measure: violet is subjected to the soil of lead, cadmium pollution or the purposes in the water body in reparation, is characterized in:
1) screening can enriched lead, the heavy metal super-enriched plant violet of cadmium;
2) with aforementioned violet transplantation of seedlings in the heavy-metal contaminated soil of leaded, cadmium, perhaps in the heavy metal-polluted water of leaded, cadmium, floating bed is set, punching on described floating bed, the violet seedling is inserted in the aperture;
3) lead after the violet plant grew 2 months on the ground in the soil, cadmium heavy metal are absorbed into the over-ground part of violet by the violet rhizome, the harvesting over-ground part, cutting is shifted out heavy-metal contaminated soil carry out security landfill or burning; Perhaps when violet on the water on the floating bed growth gather in the crops complete stool after 1 month, cutting is carried out security landfill or burning;
4) harvesting on the ground during violet at 1～2cm place, violet collar top toothing, violet gathers in its over-ground part after germinateing and regenerating 2 months again, operation so repeatedly, heavy metal content such as lead in soil and cadmium can be removed heavy metal contamination such as lead and cadmium in the soil in safety range; Repeat again to plant aforementioned violet after perhaps gathering in the violet on the water body floating bed, complete stool harvesting again after waiting to grow 1 month, so repeatedly, the lead in water body, cadmium heavy metal content are in safety range.
The inoculation method of the violet of purposes as previously mentioned is characterized in:
The soil cultivation method:
1) cultivate seedling in greenhouse or warm, moistening environment, pH in soil is 5～8;
2) grow seedlings the back transplanting of 6 weeks to the land for growing field crops, keep line-spacing 10cm, spacing in the rows 5cm, after surviving on the ground, plant removes weeds in field, intertill, loosen the soil, applied nitrogen, harvesting first after transplanting seedlings 2 months, can gather in continuously in per then two months, surviving the winter stops harvesting the previous moon, and fertilising, irrigation guarantee the violet safe overwintering.
Cultivation method in the water body:
1) Pb, Cd are introduced the bigger pond of area greater than the heavy metal-polluted water of 10 mg/kg, the depth of water remains on about 0.5m, water surface fixed thickness is the polyvinyl chloride foam plate about 2～3cm, on the polyvinyl chloride foam plate, punch, diameter 1～1.5cm, pitch-row 5cm * 5cm inserts in the hole the violet seedling that grew to for 5～6 ages in week, and regulating water pH value is about 6;
2) with violet sprigging in aforementioned apertures, use solubility nitrogenous fertilizer to water body, promote plant strain growth, grow and gather in the crops complete stool after 1 month.
Foregoing violet is subjected to the soil of lead, cadmium pollution or the purposes in the water body in reparation, and its characteristics also have:
1) will be vegetative period 5～6 weeks the violet transplantation of seedlings contain Pb greater than 1000 mg/kg, the heavy-metal contaminated soil of Cd greater than 50 mg/kg in, line-spacing 10cm, spacing in the rows 5cm; Perhaps in containing Pb, the Cd heavy metal-polluted water greater than 10 mg/kg floating bed is set, punching, bore dia 1～1.5cm, pitch-row 5cm * 5cm on described floating bed insert the violet seedling that grew to for 5～6 weeks in the aperture;
2) after plant survives on the ground, remove weeds in field in good time, grow and gather in over-ground part after 2 months, cutting is shifted out heavy-metal contaminated soil carry out security landfill or burning; Perhaps in water body, can apply certain nitrogenous fertilizer, accelerate growth to impel violet, when violet on the water on the floating bed growth gather in the crops complete stool after 1 month, cutting is carried out security landfill or burning.
The violet of purposes as previously mentioned is characterized in:
1) be perennial herb, no terrestrial stem, high 7～10cm, tool long and significantly main root, rhizome shorten, give birth to white fibrous root, 2～4 plant grow thickly in the rhizome top, each plant leaf majority, all base is given birth to, and is lotus to sit shape;
2) face of blade is dark green, and back side powder is green, ovum shape lanceolar, and long 2cm, wide 3cm, base portion heart type, long avette, gradually sharp, the leaf edge sawtooth shape, leaf margin top garnet gland point, the long 3-5cm of petiole, the fruit phase significantly extends, and the wing is obvious, and is gradually narrow downwards; The stipule light green, lanceolar, about long 1cm, about 1/3 with the petiole symphysis;
3) spend rareness, purple closes and spends morely, and petal does not have distance more, and bennet is higher than leaf, and in 3～April of florescence, bennet has rib, and is closely isometric with leaf, and young fruit period is to the ground bending, and ripe back is upright; The stipule of nearly two alternates in middle part of bennet (closely to life), narrow lanceolar, long 0.7～1cm;
4) fruit long ball shape, the column cap cylindrical bending, deposit the place, the top nick, connective appurtenant taupe is about 2 times in flower pesticide, and the nail shape protects flower pesticide, really 4～June of phase;
5) the seed brown the fusiform of causing trouble, and the opposite end sphere is planted and is about 1mm;
6) under the self-sow situation, lead content (dry weight) is greater than 1500 mg/kg in this violet over-ground part plant materials, and cadmium content is greater than 1000 mg/kg simultaneously.
This violet Latin title: Viola baoshanensis Shu, Liu et Lan, sp.nov..
The present invention has following outstanding effect:
1, because the big violet of amount that the present invention utilized is a kind of plant of super enriching heavy metal, main by lead and cadmium in a large amount of simultaneously absorption soil of its root system, the water body, and have the advantages that upwards to carry and be transported to overground part, the harvesting overground part is also removed it, then can from soil He in the water body, take away a large amount of lead, cadmium, from contaminated soil, water body, remove purpose plumbous, the cadmium pollution thing fast thereby reach.
2, because among the present invention ten times of the intravital cadmium enriching quantity of the violet super enriching plant content (100 mg/kg) that is international cadmium, lead content is greater than 1500 mg/kg in the violet over-ground part plant materials, cadmium content is greater than 1000 mg/kg, has therefore that cost is low, the characteristics of remarkable in economical benefits.
3, the present invention does not destroy ecological environment of soil, can make good structure of Soil conservation and fertility state, by to the focusing on of plant, can not cause secondary pollution.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Nurse young plants in hothouses, when violet grew to for 5～6 ages in week, transplant seedling and containing Pb greater than 1000, in the heavy-metal contaminated soil of Cd greater than 50 mg/kg, line-spacing 10cm, spacing in the rows 5cm.Because the violet seedling is less, likes warm, moistening environment, the seedling period management should be noted that and preserves moisture, winter protection, and applies nitrogenous fertilizer.After plant survives, remove weeds in field in good time, grow and gather in over-ground part after 2 months, cutting is shifted out heavy-metal contaminated soil carry out security landfill or burning.Best manual work during harvesting is at 1～2cm place, violet collar top toothing.Pouring immediately imposes 5～10 kilograms/mu in nitrogenous fertilizer after the results.Then gathered in overground part continuously in 2 months when the violet growth later on, the previous moon that arrives in the winter time stops harvesting, notes insulation, so that violet can safe overwintering.After measured, the interior lead content of plant materials is greater than 3000 mg/kg on the ground for the violet of results, and cadmium content is greater than 2000 mg/kg.After gathering in many batches of violet overground parts repeatedly, plumbous in the soil, cadmium content will constantly reduce, and finally make leaded, the cadmium amount of contaminated soil be reduced to normal soil level, to reach the purpose of final elimination soil pollution.
The suitable previous moon that arrives in the winter time of violet stops harvesting among the embodiment 1, notes insulation, so that violet can safe overwintering.After measured, the interior lead content of plant materials is greater than 3000 mg/kg on the ground for the violet of results, and cadmium content is greater than 2000 mg/kg.After gathering in many batches of violet overground parts repeatedly, plumbous in the soil, cadmium content will constantly reduce, and finally make leaded, the cadmium amount of contaminated soil be reduced to normal soil level, to reach the purpose of final elimination soil pollution.
Embodiment 2
Floating bed (water surface fixed thickness is the polyvinyl chloride foam plate about 2～3cm) is set in containing Pb, the Cd heavy metal-polluted water greater than 10 mg/kg, on the polyvinyl chloride foam plate, punch, diameter 1～1.5cm, pitch-row 5cm * 5cm inserts aperture with the violet seedling that grew to for 5～6 ages in week.Because the violet seedling is tiny, can twine certain absorbent cotton at its collar place, prevent that seedling from falling into water body.In water body, can apply certain nitrogenous fertilizer, accelerate growth to impel violet.Grow and gather in the crops complete stool after 1 month, cutting is carried out security landfill or burning.So repeatedly.In the water body purification process, the violet well-grown does not manifest being subjected to the heavy metallic poison symptom, but the lead enrichment of violet cauline leaf reaches 3000 mg/kg, and the cadmium enriching quantity is greater than 2000 mg/kg.From the young to the adult, the lead of enrichment, cadmium also are linear growth in the violet cauline leaf.Plumbous in the water body, cadmium content will constantly reduce, and finally make leaded, the cadmium amount of polluted-water be reduced to normal water body level, to reach the purpose of final elimination water pollution.
Claims (2)
1, violet is subjected to the soil of lead, cadmium pollution or the purposes in the water body in reparation, it is characterized in that:
1) screening can enriched lead, the heavy metal super-enriched plant violet of cadmium;
2) with aforementioned violet transplantation of seedlings in the heavy-metal contaminated soil of leaded, cadmium, perhaps in the heavy metal-polluted water of leaded, cadmium, floating bed is set, punching on described floating bed, the violet seedling is inserted in the aperture;
3) lead after the violet plant grew 2 months on the ground in the soil, cadmium heavy metal are absorbed into the over-ground part of violet by the violet rhizome, the harvesting over-ground part, cutting is shifted out heavy-metal contaminated soil carry out security landfill or burning; Perhaps when violet on the water on the floating bed growth gather in the crops complete stool after 1 month, cutting is carried out security landfill or burning;
4) harvesting on the ground during violet at 1～2cm place, violet collar top toothing, violet gathers in its over-ground part after germinateing and regenerating 2 months again, operation so repeatedly, lead in soil and cadmium heavy metal content can be removed plumbous and cadmium heavy metal contamination in the soil in safety range; Repeat again to plant aforementioned violet after perhaps gathering in the violet on the water body floating bed, complete stool harvesting again after waiting to grow 1 month, so repeatedly, the lead in water body, cadmium heavy metal content are in safety range.
2, violet as claimed in claim 1 is subjected to the soil of lead, cadmium pollution or the purposes in the water body in reparation, it is characterized in that:
With the above-mentioned the 2nd) step in, vegetative period be 5～6 weeks the violet transplantation of seedlings contain Pb greater than 1000 mg/kg, the heavy-metal contaminated soil of Cd greater than 50 mg/kg in, line-spacing 10cm, spacing in the rows 5cm; Perhaps in containing Pb, the Cd heavy metal-polluted water greater than 10 mg/kg floating bed is set, punching, bore dia 1～1.5cm, pitch-row 5cm * 5cm on described floating bed insert the violet seedling that grew to for 5～6 weeks in the aperture;
The above-mentioned the 3rd) step in, after plant survives on the ground, remove weeds in field in good time, grow and gather in over-ground part after 2 months, cutting is shifted out heavy-metal contaminated soil carries out security landfill or burning; Perhaps in water body, apply nitrogenous fertilizer, accelerate growth to impel violet, when violet on the water on the floating bed growth gather in the crops complete stool after 1 month, cutting is carried out security landfill or burning.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 02134312 CN1225321C (en) | 2002-07-05 | 2002-07-05 | Use of violet in repairing lead and cadmium polluted soil and water and culturing method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 02134312 CN1225321C (en) | 2002-07-05 | 2002-07-05 | Use of violet in repairing lead and cadmium polluted soil and water and culturing method |
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| CN1465449A CN1465449A (en) | 2004-01-07 |
| CN1225321C true CN1225321C (en) | 2005-11-02 |
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2002
- 2002-07-05 CN CN 02134312 patent/CN1225321C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN101961726B (en) * | 2009-07-22 | 2011-08-24 | 四川农业大学 | Application of malva for remediation of cadmium and lead pollution of mine soil and sludge |
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