CN101249501B - Plants repairing method based on uranium tail SLAG pollution - Google Patents
Plants repairing method based on uranium tail SLAG pollution Download PDFInfo
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- CN101249501B CN101249501B CN2008100308604A CN200810030860A CN101249501B CN 101249501 B CN101249501 B CN 101249501B CN 2008100308604 A CN2008100308604 A CN 2008100308604A CN 200810030860 A CN200810030860 A CN 200810030860A CN 101249501 B CN101249501 B CN 101249501B
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Abstract
A phytoremediation method based on soil contaminated by uranium tailings comprises the steps for culturing pokeberry seedlings on a substrate containing uranium tailings, surviving, growing, harvesting and centrally processing. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) mixing soil contaminated by uranium tailings, surface oil of forest and pig manure according to a ratio to obtain a culture substrate; (2) adding sodium silicate in the culture substrate; (3) sterilizing seeds; and (4) potting. By adopting the comprehensive processing scheme combined with the pokeberry, the uranium tailings, the surface oil of forest, the pig manure and the sodium silicate, the method can solve the difficult problem that the environment can be endangered by heavy metal, uranium, which is released by uranium tailings under natural condition. The method has the advantages of convenient operation and management, high remedying efficiency, low cost, low environment risk, environment beautification, etc., and is suitable for processing solid-state uranium waste storage fields such as uranium mines, hydrometallurgy plants and waste ore and tailings reservoirs.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of plant restoration method of contaminated soil, relate in particular to a kind of plant restoration method based on soil polluted by uranium mine tailings.
Background technology
China's uranium mine and hydrometallurgy factory are distributed in dozens of ground county, tens provinces and regions, the whole nation, solid waste such as its ettle and mine tailing storehouse are stored up the place 150 many places, about 80% barren rock, 92% mine tailing are distributed in densely populated Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangdong, and these regional rivers are numerous.China's uranium mine tailing has key characters such as volume of cargo in storage is big, floor space is wide, and the mine tailing district is near far from the village.Contain radioactive pollutants such as uranium in uranium mine tailing and the tailings.Uranium mainly is a kind of alpha ray source, and outside radiation effect, the chemical behavior of uranium and physiology toxicity are with plumbous similar, and uranium has chemical toxicity to human and animal's kidney, can be carcinogenic.Because storing up the region vegetation, content of beary metal height, nutrition poorness, uranium mine tailing and tailings lack, severe water and soil erosion, and heavy metal contaminants is with rainwater and airborne dust diffusion, and uranium mine tailing and tailings have become important pollution sources.Under the natural conditions, heavy metal can work the mischief to human and other animal by the food chain transmission.Therefore imperative to the improvement of uranium mine tailing and tailings pollution thereof.
Adopt technology such as physics method, chemical method repair the large tracts of land heavy metal pollutions costly, environment is had destructiveness, be difficult in practice carry out.That phytoremediation heavy metal pollution possesses skills is reliable, easy and simple to handle, cost is low, environmentally friendly and be applicable to economy and technical elements advantages such as pollution in wide area reparation.
The fixing reparation of plant extract reparation and plant is two importances of phytoremediation technology.In surrounding area, uranium mine tailing storehouse, its heavy metal content in soil is relatively low, and it is feasible that heavy metal pollution is administered in the reparation of employing plant extract.The content of beary metal height is seriously polluted in the uranium mine tailings storehouse, and it is long to carry out the plant extract repairing efficiency at this class mining tailing wasteland, is difficult to carry out in practice, and fixedly recovery technique is the most suitable to adopt plant.Plant fixedly recovery technique is included in the contaminated area and carries out aspects such as revegetation and contaminated soil base material improvement.Store up the district at uranium mine tailings and carry out phytoremediation, can be in plant, or form insoluble compound with heavy metal chelating by the secretions from plant roots or the thing analyte that withers and falls with the heavy metal absorption and accumulation, moving of pollutant moved diffusion thereby heavy metal etc. is controlled in resistance.
Existing domestic many researchs, report mainly concentrate on the vegetation reparation aspect of degraded ecosystems such as lead/zinc ore, copper mine, manganese ore, arsenic minerals and colliery, disclosed with traditional agro-farming method as " plant restoration method of application number/200410015651.4/ denomination of invention/lead-contaminated soil " of Granted publication CN 1281346C Sedum alfredii Hance has been planted in the lead-contaminated soil, use azophoska and fertilizer, promote the growth of Sedum alfredii Hance root system; Gather in overground part first growth 3-4 month or after growing into the 30-40cm height, later every growth was gathered in once in 3 months, and overground part stays stem 2-3cm height during harvesting, and the overground part of harvesting was transferred to other local concentrating carry out harmless treatment.And it is rarely seen at the phytoremediation research report in uranium mine tailing and ambient contamination district thereof.Foreign study finds that the uranium of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and Indian mustard (Brassica Juncea) absorption and accumulation is maximum, and the main productive set of uranium is at plant root, and the uranium that root accumulates is up to 6200mg.kg
-1, the uranium of aerial part accumulation is up to 102mg.kg
-1And these two kinds of uranium enriching plants are relevant with human foods, the risk that exists uranium the mankind to be worked the mischief by the food chain transmission, and this just requires to screen new uranium enriching plant.
Summary of the invention
At above-mentioned situation, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of plant restoration method based on soil polluted by uranium mine tailings, this method both had draw materials conveniently, with low cost, multiple characteristics such as remediation efficiency is high, has simple processing step again, and environmental risk is little.
For solving above-mentioned task, a kind of plant restoration method based on soil polluted by uranium mine tailings, this method is cultivated the dyers' grapes seedling in containing uranium mine tailings matrix or is contained in the uranium mine tailings contaminated soil, it is survived, growth, dyers' grapes absorb plant with uranium in health from contaminated matrix or in the polluted soil in growth course, small part is transported to above-ground organs, with above-ground organs harvesting and concentrated the processing, reduce and pollute in the matrix or the uranium in the contaminated soil, the dyers' grapes root can absorb fixing a large amount of uranium simultaneously, reduce moving of uranium and move, the diffusion of resistance control uranium.
Its concrete measure is: a kind of plant restoration method based on soil polluted by uranium mine tailings, and it is cultivated the dyers' grapes seedling in containing uranium mine tailings matrix, makes it survive, grow to the step of gathering in seedling stage and focusing on to be:
(1) mixes in proportion by soil polluted by uranium mine tailings, forest topsoil, pig manure that to form cultivation matrix standby;
(2) the adding sodium metasilicate is standby in cultivation matrix;
(3) seed disinfection is handled;
(4) potted plant processing.
Its further step is:
Cultivation matrix mixes to form presses uranium mine tailings and the dry weight ratio of forest topsoil with pig manure: 6-9.5: 2.5-0: 0.5 preparation.
The sodium metasilicate that adds in the cultivation matrix is 150-300mg.kg
-1
It is to handle 7-15 minute with the concentrated sulfuric acid earlier that seed disinfection is handled, and rinses well with running water, and adopts sandy culture to grow seedlings.
Potted plant processing is when seedling age is reached 60-80 days, to be transplanted in the matrix of above-mentioned configuration, and gathers in after 80-120 days and the concentrated aerial part of handling, and keeps 8-12 centimetre of the aerial stem of plant during harvesting and does basic batch.
When the seedling that newly grows on the base stubble is bloomed, should extract its spray, promote that dyers' grapes nourish and grow.
Potted plant processing is to gather in during month at the 10-11 in every year, keeps 8-12 centimetre of the aerial stem of plant and makes the base stubble, and the aerial part of harvesting is focused on, the diffusion of resistance control uranium.
Focusing on is the aerial part of harvesting to be transferred to its place of safety concentrate and to carry out drying, pulverizing, and last landfill is to uranium mine tailing storehouse.
The present invention adopts with dyers' grapes (Phytolacca americana L.), (uranium content is 107mg.kg to uranium mine tailings
-1), the comprehensive treatment technique scheme that combines of forest topsoil, pig manure, sodium metasilicate, solved existing uranium mine tailings and discharged the work the mischief difficult problem of environment of heavy metal uranium under field conditions (factors).
A kind of plant restoration method of the present invention based on soil polluted by uranium mine tailings, the beneficial effect that has compared to existing technology:
(1) select perennial plant for use, growth is fast, and biomass is big, can a large amount of uranium of enrichment, and especially utilize function that its root can a large amount of uranium of enrichment to prick at root uranium is firmly solid, aerial part is by artificial or mechanized harvest, concentrates to transfer to its place of safety and handle.
(2) adopt the cultivation dyers' grapes to carry out the phytoremediation soil polluted by uranium mine tailings, can reduce uranium in a large number and enter underground water, in addition uranium mine tailing storehouse cultivated plant, but fixed-contamination soil reduces airborne dust, the diffusion of pollutants such as drag reduction uranium.
(3) the cultivation dyers' grapes not only can increase soil nutrient, improve soil, also help the growth of follow-up plant.
(4) dyers' grapes can not searched for food by cattle and sheep, so uranium can not increase environmental risk by the food chain transmission.
(5) operation, simple and convenient management, the remediation efficiency height, cost is low, and environmental risk is little, and multiple advantage such as can beautify the environment.
It is applicable to that solid uranium refuses such as uranium mine, hydrometallurgy factory and each ettle and mine tailing storehouse store up the processing in place.
The present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with the specific embodiment.
The specific embodiment
I, material are formed
(be acid, uranium content is 107mg.kg for dyers' grapes (Phytolacca americana L.), uranium mine tailings
-1), forest topsoil, pig manure, sodium metasilicate.
II, material configuration and application process
Cultivation matrix is uranium mine tailings, forest topsoil and pig manure (dry weight) mixture of being configured in proportion, adds sodium metasilicate in this mixed-matrix in addition, and matrix is adorned basin.
The dyers' grapes seed was handled 7-15 minute with the concentrated sulfuric acid, rinsed well with running water again, adopt sandy culture to grow seedlings, when seedling age reaches 60-80 days, be transplanted to above-mentioned being equipped with in the basin that disposes matrix.In the dyers' grapes growth course, when growing spray, extract its spray, nourish and grow to promote it.After transplanting 3-4 month, the dyers' grapes aerial part is gathered in; Keep 8-12 centimetre of conduct stubble of the aerial stem of plant during harvesting, grow new talent again on the stubble of this reservation.Gather in during month for the second time at 10-11.The aerial part of harvesting is transferred to its place of safety focus on, with the diffusion of radiations such as resistance control uranium.
III, principle
(1) dyers' grapes, Phytolaccaceae, herbaceos perennial, the annual 2-3 month, under ground portion can grow new talent, but germination and growth new talent after seed is survived the winter in soil, growth is fast, and biomass is big, plant height 1.0-2.5 rice, root is thick, meat, stretching into soil layer, to reach 1.5-3.0 rice dark; Geographical distribution is wide, adaptability is strong.
(2) dyers' grapes are grown in soil polluted by uranium mine tailings (uranium content are 87mg.kg
-1) in, when seedling age reaches 15 months, dyers' grapes mean height 1.67m, whole strain phytomass average out to 278g.plant
-1The uranium average content of aerial part (comprising leaf and stem) is 136mg.kg
-1And underground root uranium average content 3163mg.kg
-1
(3) when matrix is uranium mine tailings entirely, dyers' grapes still can normal growth, yields positive results, and when seedling age reached 9 months, whole strain phytomass on average reached 123g.plant
-1So dyers' grapes are extremely strong to the tolerance of uranium mine tailings.
(5) on soil polluted by uranium mine tailings, cultivate dyers' grapes, can increase the soil organism, and soil phosphatase, invertase, urease significantly increase.
(6) compare with the soil polluted by uranium mine tailings of not cultivating dyers' grapes, behind the cultivation dyers' grapes, the water-soluble uranium content in the contaminated soil reduces 75-83% in the soil of polluted by uranium mine tailings.The dyers' grapes aerial part withers and falls thing when being embedded in the contaminated soil, easily decomposes.When the thing that withers and falls decomposed, the water-soluble uranium content in the contaminated soil changed not remarkable.
(7) add forest soil and pig manure in the uranium mine tailings, can improve pollution matrix, increase matrix nutrition; Add sodium metasilicate, can strengthen the patience of dyers' grapes heavy metal; Can increase phytoremediation efficient by these measures.
(8) dyers' grapes can not searched for food by cattle and sheep, and pollutants such as uranium can not increase risk by the transmission of food chain.
(9) adopting dyers' grapes to carry out the soil polluted by uranium mine tailings after phytoremediation is handled and do not carrying out planting castor-oil plant in the soil polluted by uranium mine tailings (contrast) that phytoremediation handles respectively, the uranium content comparison is according to few 64-89% in the castor body that carries out growing in the contaminated soil of phytoremediation processing, and the uranium 94.3% that castor-oil plant absorbs is distributed in root, do not detect uranium in the castor bean, castor-oil plant biomass average specific contrasts high 49%-68%.
IV, the specific embodiment
A kind of plant restoration method based on soil polluted by uranium mine tailings, it is cultivated the dyers' grapes seedling in soil polluted by uranium mine tailings, makes it survive, grow to the step of gathering in seedling stage and focusing on to be:
(1) by soil polluted by uranium mine tailings, forest topsoil, pig manure in 6-9.5: 2.5-0: 0.5 ratio mixes that to form cultivation matrix standby;
(2) in above-mentioned cultivation matrix, add 150-300mg.kg
-1Sodium metasilicate is standby;
(3) seed disinfection is handled; I.e. the January in the 1st year, the dyers' grapes seed was handled 7-15 minute with the concentrated sulfuric acid, rinsed well with running water again, adopt sandy culture to grow seedlings;
(4) potted plant processing is when seedling age is reached 60-80 days, be transplanted in the matrix of above-mentioned configuration, and after 80-120 days, gather in and the concentrated aerial part of handling, keep 8-12 centimetre of the aerial stem of plant during harvesting and make the base stubble, when the seedling that newly grows on the toothing is bloomed, extract its spray, promote that dyers' grapes nourish and grow.
(5) potted plant processing is to gather in during month at the 10-11 in every year, harvesting dyers' grapes aerial part, keep 8-12 centimetre of the aerial stem of plant and make the base stubble, and the aerial part of harvesting is transferred to its place of safety concentrate and to carry out drying, pulverizing, last landfill is realized the effectively DIFFUSION TREATMENT of resistance control uranium to uranium mine tailing storehouse; Its aerial part biomass average out to 73g.plant
-1, uranium content is 86mg.kg
-1, from pollute matrix, take away uranium 6.3mg.plant
-1
V, embodiment
Embodiment 1, and the dyers' grapes seed was handled 7-15 minute with the concentrated sulfuric acid, rinses well with running water again, adopts sandy culture to grow seedlings.Uranium mine tailings, forest topsoil and pig manure are mixed as cultivation matrix, matrix is adorned basin.Seedling age is reached 70 days dyers' grapes sprigging in basin, manage with delicacy, when growing spray, extract its spray, nourish and grow promoting; Transplant harvesting dyers' grapes aerial part after 4 months.Measure by analysis, when uranium mine tailings, forest topsoil and pig manure dry weight ratio were 6: 2.5: 0.5, the dyers' grapes aerial part biomass (dry weight) of results was 103g.plant
-1, uranium content is 81mg.kg
-1, from pollute matrix, take away uranium 8.3mg.plant
-1When uranium mine tailings, forest topsoil and pig manure dry weight ratio were 8: 1.5: 0.5, the dyers' grapes aerial part biomass (dry weight) of results was 73g.plant
-1, uranium content is 86mg.kg
-1, from pollute matrix, take away uranium 6.3mg.plant
-1When uranium mine tailings, forest topsoil and pig manure dry weight ratio were 9: 0.5: 0.5, the dyers' grapes aerial part biomass (dry weight) of results was 54g.plant
-1, uranium content is 96mg.kg
-1, from pollute matrix, take away uranium 5.1mg.plant
-1When uranium mine tailings, forest topsoil and pig manure dry weight ratio were 9.5: 0: 0.5, the dyers' grapes aerial part biomass (dry weight) of results was 31g.plant
-1, uranium content is 101mg.kg
-1, from pollute matrix, take away uranium 3.1mg.plant
-1
Embodiment 2, and the dyers' grapes seed was handled 7-15 minute with the concentrated sulfuric acid, rinse well with running water again, adopt sandy culture to grow seedlings.Uranium mine tailings, forest topsoil and pig manure are mixed as cultivation matrix than 8: 1.5: 0.5 by dry weight, the dress basin, the sodium metasilicate that in matrix, adds variable concentrations, seedling age is reached 60 days dyers' grapes sprigging in basin, manage with delicacy, when growing spray, extract its spray, nourish and grow with promotion, transplant harvesting dyers' grapes aerial part after 4 months.Measure by analysis, when adding 150mg.kg
-1During sodium metasilicate, the dyers' grapes aerial part biomass (dry weight) of results is 81g.plant
-1, uranium content is 91mg.kg
-1, from pollute matrix, take away uranium 7.4mg.plant
-1When adding 200mg.kg
-1During sodium metasilicate, the dyers' grapes aerial part biomass (dry weight) of results is 88g.plant
-1, uranium content is 93mg.kg
-1, from pollute matrix, take away uranium 8.1mg.plant
-1When adding 250mg.kg
-1During sodium metasilicate, the dyers' grapes aerial part biomass (dry weight) of results is 91g.plant
-1, uranium content is 96mg.kg
-1, from pollute matrix, take away uranium 8.7mg.plant
-1When adding 300mg.kg
-1During sodium metasilicate, the dyers' grapes aerial part biomass (dry weight) of results is 90g.plant
-1, uranium content is 106mg.kg
-1, from pollute matrix, take away uranium 9.5mg.plant
-1
Embodiment 3, and the dyers' grapes seed was handled 7-15 minute with the concentrated sulfuric acid, rinse well with running water again, adopt sandy culture to grow seedlings.Uranium mine tailings, forest topsoil and pig manure are mixed, adorn basin by dry weight than 8: 1.5: 0.5, in this mixed-matrix, add sodium metasilicate 250mg.kg simultaneously
-1When seedling age reaches 80 days, be transplanted in the above-mentioned basin.Manage with delicacy, when growing spray, extract its spray, nourish and grow with promotion.The 1st year 10-11 month, harvesting dyers' grapes aerial part, its aerial part biomass average out to 87g.plant
-1, the aerial part uranium content is 84mg.kg
-1, from pollute matrix, take away uranium 7.3mg.plant during the harvesting aerial part
-1The 2nd year 10-11 month, harvesting dyers' grapes aerial part, its aerial part biomass average out to 147g.plant
-1, the aerial part uranium content is 96mg.kg
-1, from pollute matrix, take away uranium 14.1mg.plant during the harvesting aerial part
-1The 3rd year 10-11 month, harvesting dyers' grapes aerial part, its aerial part biomass average out to 152g.plant
-1, the aerial part uranium content is 93mg.kg
-1, from pollute matrix, take away uranium 14.1mg.plant during the harvesting aerial part
-1
Embodiment 4, and the dyers' grapes seed was handled 7-15 minute with the concentrated sulfuric acid, rinse well with running water again, adopt sandy culture to grow seedlings.Uranium mine tailings, forest topsoil and pig manure are carried out, adorn basin by dry weight than 8: 1.5: 0.5, in this mixed-matrix, add sodium metasilicate 300mg.kg simultaneously
-1In April, the 1st, seedling age is reached 60 days dyers' grapes sprigging in basin.When dyers' grapes grow in July, the 2nd, gather in its aerial part first, keep the aerial stem of plant and make stubble for 8-12 centimetre, from toothing, can grow new seedling, when new talent grows spray, extract spray, nourish and grow, gather in during month for the second time at 10-11 to promote it.When gathering in the dyers' grapes aerial part first, the biomass of its aerial part is 194g.plant
-1, aerial part uranium content mean value is 137mg.kg
-1, from pollute matrix, take away uranium 26.6mg.plant
-1During the aftercrop dyers' grapes, the biomass of its aerial part is 176g.plant
-1, aerial part uranium average content is 112mg.kg
-1, from pollute matrix, take away uranium 19.7mg.plant
-1
Embodiment 5, and the dyers' grapes seed was handled 7-15 minute with the concentrated sulfuric acid, rinse well with running water again, adopt sandy culture to grow seedlings.Uranium mine tailings, forest topsoil and pig manure are mixed, adorn basin by dry weight than 8: 1.5: 0.5, in this mixed-matrix, add sodium metasilicate 300mg.kg simultaneously
-1, this mixed-matrix separated into two parts, a part is used to cultivate dyers' grapes, and another part is not cultivated dyers' grapes and is compared.Seedling age is reached 60 days dyers' grapes sprigging in basin.After dyers' grapes grew 1 year in this mixed-matrix, remove dyers' grapes, again at this cultivation dyers' grapes with do not cultivate in the matrix of dyers' grapes (contrast) and plant castor-oil plant, the uranium content comparison is according to few 64-89% in the castor body that the cultivation dyers' grapes carry out growing in the pollution matrix of phytoremediation processing, and the uranium 94.3% that castor-oil plant absorbs is distributed in root, do not detect uranium in the castor bean, castor-oil plant biomass average specific contrasts high 49%-68%.This has reflected that the cultivation dyers' grapes carry out phytoremediation and handle the soil polluted by uranium mine tailings worker, and its purification and resistance control uranium pollute and moves that to move effect obvious.Present embodiment is applied to Hengyang Factory No.272 retired uranium mine tailing storehouse, has obtained the technique effect that exceeds one's expectations.
Below only be better embodiment of the present invention, according to above-mentioned design of the present invention, those skilled in the art also can make various modifications and conversion to this.For example, soil polluted by uranium mine tailings, forest topsoil, pig manure are in 6-9.5: 2.5-0: 0.5 ratio is mixed the adjusting variation of forming cultivation matrix and seed disinfection, potted plant processing conversion or the like.Yet similar this conversion and modification all belong to essence of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. plant restoration method based on soil polluted by uranium mine tailings, it is cultivated dyers' grapes seedling (PhytolaccaAmericana L.) in containing uranium mine tailings matrix, makes it survive, grow to harvesting seedling stage and focuses on; It is repaired, and roughly step is as follows:
(1) mixes in proportion by soil polluted by uranium mine tailings, forest topsoil, pig manure that to form cultivation matrix standby;
(2) the adding sodium metasilicate is standby in cultivation matrix;
(3) seed disinfection is handled;
(4) potted plant processing.
2. the plant restoration method based on soil polluted by uranium mine tailings according to claim 1 is characterized in that cultivation matrix mix to form by uranium mine tailings and the forest topsoil dry weight ratio with pig manure: 6-9.5: 2.5-0: 0.5 preparation.
3. the plant restoration method based on soil polluted by uranium mine tailings according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that the sodium metasilicate that adds in the cultivation matrix is 150-300mg.kg
-1
4. the plant restoration method based on soil polluted by uranium mine tailings according to claim 1 is characterized in that it is to handle 7-15 minute with the concentrated sulfuric acid earlier that seed disinfection is handled, and rinses well with running water, and adopts sandy culture to grow seedlings.
5. the plant restoration method based on soil polluted by uranium mine tailings according to claim 1, it is characterized in that potted plant processing is when seedling age is reached 60-80 days, be transplanted in the matrix of above-mentioned configuration, and after 80-120 days, gather in and the concentrated aerial part of handling, keep 8-12 centimetre of the aerial stem of plant during harvesting and do basic batch.
6. the plant restoration method based on soil polluted by uranium mine tailings according to claim 5 when it is characterized in that the seedling that newly grows on the base stubble is bloomed, should be extractd its spray, promotes that dyers' grapes nourish and grow.
7. the plant restoration method based on soil polluted by uranium mine tailings according to claim 1, it is characterized in that potted plant processing is to gather in during month at the 10-11 in every year, keep 8-12 centimetre of the aerial stem of plant and make the base stubble, and the aerial part of harvesting is focused on, the diffusion of resistance control uranium.
8. according to claim 1 or 5 or 7 described plant restoration methods based on soil polluted by uranium mine tailings, it is characterized in that focusing on is the aerial part of harvesting to be transferred to its place of safety concentrate and carry out drying, pulverizing, and last landfill is to uranium mine tailing storehouse.
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| 张学礼,王尔奇.环境中铀污染的植物修复.铀矿冶.2008,(01), * |
| 胡丽娟,董晓丹,周琪.零价铁修复土壤及地下水的PRB技术.环境保护科学.2005,(04), * |
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