CN101491810B - Method for preventing and controlling heavy-metal movement of uranium tailings slag using plants - Google Patents

Method for preventing and controlling heavy-metal movement of uranium tailings slag using plants Download PDF

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CN101491810B
CN101491810B CN2009100427294A CN200910042729A CN101491810B CN 101491810 B CN101491810 B CN 101491810B CN 2009100427294 A CN2009100427294 A CN 2009100427294A CN 200910042729 A CN200910042729 A CN 200910042729A CN 101491810 B CN101491810 B CN 101491810B
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uranium
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向言词
冯涛
曾荣今
许中坚
严明理
彭秀花
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Henan University of Science and Technology
Hunan University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for preventing and controlling migration of heavy metal pollutants in uranium tailings by plants. Five plants, namely Rhus chinensis, Trema orientalis, Buddleja officinalis, Melilotus officinalis and Pouzolzia zeylanica which have strong drought resistance and can retain different heavy metals are planted in a matching way, and applied with plant carbon and phosphate fertilizer at the same time so as to establish vegetation in a uranium tailings polluting area in a short time. Through reestablishment of the vegetation, the nitrogen content of the polluted soil is obviously increased, and the contents of the water-soluble heavy metals such as uranium are obviously reduced. The plants selected by the method are all planted locally, so the materials are easily taken, and the plants are easily planted and quickly grown; moreover, the method has the advantages of having good efficiency for controlling pollution, improving the soil, beautifying the environment, and the like. The method can be used for controlling heavy metal pollution and reestablishing vegetation of various mine degraded ecosystems.

Description

Utilize the method for plant preventing and controlling heavy-metal movement of uranium tailings slag
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of plant restoration method of contaminated soil, relate in particular to a kind of plant resistance control uranium mine tailings heavy metal contaminants that utilizes and move the method for moving.
Background technology
The control of heavy metal pollution is current international recover focus and difficult point problem ecological and Research of Environmental Sciences.China's uranium tailing heap storage is big, floor space is wide, and its to store up the district near far from the village.Since a little less than content of beary metal height, nutrition poorness and the retention ability of uranium mine tailings, cause uranium mine tailings to store up the region vegetation and lack, severe water and soil erosion, and heavy metal works the mischief to surrounding enviroment and residents ' health with rainwater and airborne dust diffusion.Administer and control the requirement that polluted by uranium mine tailings meets national sustainable development.
Adopt technology reparation large tracts of land heavy metal pollutions such as physics method and chemical method costly, environment is had destructiveness, be difficult in practice carry out.That phytoremediation heavy metal pollution possesses skills is reliable, easy and simple to handle, cost is low, environmentally friendly and be applicable to economy and technical elements advantage such as pollution in wide area reparation resistance control.
The pollution of phytoremediation mine tailings relates generally to plant extract and plant is fixed two aspects.The total amount of pollutant is big in the mine tailings, and the kind complexity is various, and is seriously polluted, and it is dark to distribute.It is long that employing plant extract reparation mine tailings pollute the required cycle, is difficult in practice carry out.In addition, behind the plant shoot separating/enriching metal, can cause following environmental risk: (1) is searched for food by herbivores and is entered food chain; (2) float down on the wind surrounding area and diffuse pollution such as plant defoliation; (3) thing that withers and falls is fallen the face of land, causes the topsoil pollutant accumulation.When pollutant was radionuclide, these risks were particularly outstanding.Plant is fixing repairs required suitable plant and should have the little or root of the pollutant of absorption ability to absorb pollutant many and a little less than the turn-over capacity, the biomass height, and well developed root system, growth is fast, to features such as pollutant patience are strong.Screening is applicable to that fixing resistance pollution control dyes required suitable plant and be easier to, and set up vegetation to hinder control Pollutants Diffusion required time shorter in the contaminated area, and the risk that pollutant transmits by plant is little.Therefore, in the mine tailings contaminated area, adopt the fixing resistance control of plant pollutant to move and move the best.
Store up the district when carrying out that plant is fixing repairs at uranium mine tailings, some plant can be fixed on its root with the heavy metal major part that absorbs, some plant can combine with heavy metal by the analyte of its root exudates and the thing that withers and falls thereof and form insoluble compound, thereby resistance control heavy-metal movement moves diffusion.In addition, the vegetation of reconstruction can be controlled the soil erosion and soil erosion, can also improve the soil, recover the function of polluted soil and beautify the environment.
Heavy metal kind based on uranium mine tailings is many, the content height, the nutrition poorness, a little less than the retention ability, and contain radionuclides such as uranium, screening is applicable to that will meet following requirement: the tolerance that coerce uranium mine tailings (1) was strong when uranium mine tailings was stored up the target plant of district's revegetation, and the heavy metal major part of enrichment only is distributed in a little less than the ability of plant root or absorption and accumulation heavy metal; (2) drought tolerance is strong; (3) plant that has can fixed nitrogen, with nitrogen-fixing plants and other plant miscegenation together, can be other plant nitrogen is provided.Uranium mine tailings contains various heavy such as a large amount of uranium, manganese, cadmium and lead.Many plant roots often only have high accumulation and fixation to a kind of or a few heavy metal wherein, and a kind of plant of single cropping can only be fixed one or more heavy metals of control.Therefore, with several roots can the different heavy metals of enrichments plant collocation plantation, not only can improve resistance control effect but also can save time, increase the species diversity of phytobiocoenose, strengthen the ecosystem stability of repairing.
Based on above reason, the applicant controls experiment by field investigation and manual simulation, filtering out some grows vigorous on soil polluted by uranium mine tailings, drought resistance is strong, strong to the heavy metal tolerance, and can enrichment the plant of different heavy metals, these plants are arranged in pairs or groups to plant control polluted by uranium mine tailings.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of plant resistance control uranium mine tailings heavy metal contaminants that utilizes and move the method for moving.The selected plant of this method all is endemic species, and it is vigorous to grow on soil polluted by uranium mine tailings, and drought tolerance is strong, the survival rate height, and can the different heavy metals of enrichment.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: make kind of a plant hole in the polluted by uranium mine tailings district, collocation plantation various plants, kind mode between these the three kinds of plants employings of Chinese sumac (Rhus chinensis), mountain jute (Trema orientalis) and butterflybush flower (Buddleja officinalis) is cultivated at first row, Melilot (Melilotus officinalis) is planted in second row, (Pouzolzia zeylanica) is planted in the third line with Sri Lanka Pouzolzia Herb, according to this circulation.
The kind plant hole of described plant is arranged in a linear, and the length of planting plant hole is 40-60cm, wide for 30-40cm, be 30-50cm deeply; The long axis direction of planting plant hole is identical with the direction of the row of cultivated plant.
When planting described plant, the spacing of adjacent two plants row is 45cm, and the spacing of adjacent two kinds of plant holes is 100cm in first row, and the spacing of adjacent two kinds of plant holes is 40cm in second row, and the spacing of adjacent two kinds of plant holes is 50cm in the third line.
When planting described plant, plant to execute in plant hole at each and fill out mixed-matrix 500-750g.
The component of described mixed-matrix is vegetation charcoal and phosphate fertilizer, and the weight ratio of each component is during the preparation mixed-matrix: vegetation charcoal 92-98%, phosphate fertilizer 2-8%.
During cultivated plant, adopt seed or seedling.
Principle of the present invention is: Sri Lanka Pouzolzia Herb is a kind of herbaceos perennial, and high 15-60cm, root mainly are distributed in the 0-30cm upper soll layer.Melilot is a kind of annual leguminous herbaceous plant, and high 100-280cm, root are distributed in the dark soil of 0-80cm.Chinese sumac is a kind of perennial woody plant, plant height 300-520cm, and root is 0-300cm in the distribution of soils degree of depth.The mountain jute is a kind of perennial shrub, high 280-350cm, and well developed root system, distributed depth are 0-250cm.Butterflybush flower is a kind of perennial shrub, high 150-280cm, and well developed root system, distributed depth are 0-220cm.
In uranium tailings contaminated soil the time, plant can normal growth with above-mentioned plant culture.The lead of Sri Lanka Pouzolzia Herb root accumulation is many, average out to 2908.5mg.kg -1, the plumbous average content of aerial part is 19mg.kg -1Melilot root uranium content is many, and average content is 1706mg.kg -1, the aerial part uranium content is few, is difficult to detect.Cadmium that the enrichment of Chinese sumac root is more and manganese, its root cadmium and manganese average content respectively are 279 and 23627mg.kg -1, its aerial part cadmium and manganese average content respectively are 22 and 1392mg.kg -1The manganese and the uranium of the accumulation of mountain jute root are many, and manganese and uranium average content respectively are 1788 and 2327mg.kg -1, aerial part manganese and uranium average content respectively are 127 and 0.7mg.kg -1The zinc and the lead of butterflybush flower root accumulation are many, and average content respectively is 6743 and 6803mg.kg -1, the zinc of aerial part and plumbous average content respectively are 921 and 3403mg.kg -1
The vegetation charcoal has the effect that strengthens retention ability and the slow release of conditioned fertilizer product, can strengthen plant drought resistance and reduce fertilizer loss; Phosphate anion in the phosphate fertilizer can combine the precipitation that formation is insoluble in water with the part heavy metal, reduce it and move and move diffusion.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) five used plant growth are fast, just can form vegetation preferably at short notice.
(2) used five kinds of plants have stronger drought resistance, but also have the ability of different fixing heavy metals, during with their mixed planting things, can reach simultaneously fixedly various heavy and prevent that it from moving the effect of moving.
(3) Melilot is kind of a legume, has the fixed nitrogen function, can increase the matrix nitrogen content, and other plant of planting for collocation provides nitrogenous source.
(4) Melilot can be by seminal propagation, and Sri Lanka Pouzolzia Herb, Chinese sumac, mountain jute and butterflybush flower all are perennial plants, also can be by seminal propagation, behind first time artificial cultivation, just can keep the lasting stored for a long time of vegetation by self breeding.
(5) used vegetation charcoal can adsorption moisture and fertilizer, has the matrix of enhancing retention ability, and the effect that regulation and control moisture and fertilizer slowly discharge increases drought resistance, reduces fertilizer loss, helps the plant growth.
(6) phosphate fertilizer can be the plant growth phosphorus source is provided.In addition, the phosphate anion in the phosphate fertilizer can combine the precipitation that formation is insoluble in water with the part heavy metal ion, reduces it and moves and move.
(7) the invention provides and utilize various plants miscegenation control uranium mine tailings heavy metal contaminants to move the green technology that moves, can reduce mine tailings and store up district's soil erosion, resistance control Pollutants Diffusion has the function of beautifying the environment simultaneously.Present technique can be used for the pollution control and the revegetation of all kinds of mines degraded ecosystem heavy metal.
Multiple advantages such as (8) this method had both had the species diversity height, and plant all is endemic species, drew materials conveniently, and easy growth, revegetation time weak point are controlled and polluted efficiently, and environmental risk is little.
The specific embodiment:
Below in conjunction with the specific embodiment the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
Vegetable material: Sri Lanka Pouzolzia Herb (Pouzolzia zeylanica), Melilot (Melilotus offivinalis), Chinese sumac (Rhus chinensis), mountain jute (Trema orientalis) and butterflybush flower (Buddleja officinalis).
Other material: vegetation charcoal and phosphate fertilizer.
Prepare earlier vegetation charcoal and phosphate fertilizer mixed-matrix by weight proportion: vegetation charcoal 92%, phosphate fertilizer 8%.Make kind of a plant hole in the polluted by uranium mine tailings district by the straight line arrangement mode, the size of planting plant hole is: long 40cm, wide 30cm, dark 30cm; The long axis direction of planting plant hole is identical with the direction of the row of cultivated plant.In each plant cave, execute and fill out vegetation charcoal and phosphate fertilizer mixed-matrix 500g.Kind mode between these the three kinds of plant seedling employings of Chinese sumac, mountain jute and butterflybush flower is cultivated at first row, and the distance in this row between the two adjacent plantation caves is 100cm, and each is planted plant hole and only plants a kind of plant, and each seedling number of planting plant hole is 4 strains.Melilot is planted in second row, and the distance in this row between the two adjacent plantation caves is 40cm, and each seedling quantity of planting plant hole is 10 strains.Sri Lanka Pouzolzia Herb is planted in the third line, and the distance in this row between the two adjacent plantation caves is 50cm, and each plants plant hole seedling quantity is 16 strains.Distance between the two adjacent plantation row is 45cm.Circulation plantation according to this during cultivated plant, adopts seed or seedling all feasible, but with plantation seedling the best.
The applicant in year June in February, 2006 to 2008 at the retired uranium mining tailing wasteland of Hengyang Factory No.272, carried out field trial as stated above.And measure serike place and organic matter, total nitrogen and the water-soluble uranium content (seeing Table) in the contaminated soil on cultivated plant contrast ground not.Compare with control soil, the nitrogen in the contaminated soil of cultivated plant significantly increases, and its water-soluble uranium, cadmium, lead, zinc and manganese content significantly descend.
Table 1 cultivated plant is to the influence of the total nitrogen and the water-soluble heavy metal of soil polluted by uranium mine tailings
Figure GSB00000185060300051
Annotate: the significant difference (p<0.05) between handling in the same row of different letter representations and contrasting
Embodiment 2
Vegetable material: Sri Lanka Pouzolzia Herb (Pouzolzia zeylanica), Melilot (Melilotus offivinalis), Chinese sumac (Rhus chinensis), mountain jute (Trema orientalis) and butterflybush flower (Buddleja officinalis).
Other material: vegetation charcoal and phosphate fertilizer.
Prepare earlier vegetation charcoal and phosphate fertilizer mixed-matrix by weight proportion: vegetation charcoal 98%, phosphate fertilizer 2%.Make kind of a plant hole in the polluted by uranium mine tailings district by the straight line arrangement mode, the size of planting plant hole is: long 60cm, wide 40cm, dark 50cm; The long axis direction of planting plant hole is identical with the direction of the row of cultivated plant.In each plant cave, execute and fill out vegetation charcoal and phosphate fertilizer mixed-matrix 750g.Kind mode between these the three kinds of plant seedling employings of Chinese sumac, mountain jute and butterflybush flower is cultivated at first row, and the distance in this row between the two adjacent plantation caves is 100cm, and each is planted plant hole and only plants a kind of plant, and each plants plant hole seedling quantity is 6 strains; Melilot is planted in second row, and the distance in this row between the two adjacent plantation caves is 40cm, and each seedling quantity of planting in the plant hole is 16 strains; Sri Lanka Pouzolzia Herb is planted in the third line, and the distance in this row between the two adjacent plantation caves is 50cm, and each plants plant hole seedling quantity is 20 strains.Distance between the two adjacent plantation row is 45cm.Circulation plantation according to this during cultivated plant, adopts seed or seedling all feasible, but with plantation seedling the best.
The applicant in year June in February, 2006 to 2008 at the retired uranium mining tailing wasteland of Hengyang Factory No.272, carried out field trial as stated above.And measure serike place and organic matter, total nitrogen and the water-soluble uranium content (seeing Table) in the contaminated soil on cultivated plant contrast ground not.Compare with control soil, the nitrogen in the contaminated soil of cultivated plant significantly increases, and its water-soluble uranium, cadmium, lead, zinc and manganese content significantly descend.
Table 2 cultivated plant is to the influence of the total nitrogen and the water-soluble heavy metal of soil polluted by uranium mine tailings
Figure GSB00000185060300052
Annotate: the significant difference (p<0.05) between handling in the same row of different letter representations and contrasting
Embodiment 3:
Vegetable material: Sri Lanka Pouzolzia Herb (Pouzolzia zeylanica), Melilot (Melilotus offivinalis), Chinese sumac (Rhus chinensis), mountain jute (Trema orientalls) and butterflybush flower (Buddleja officinalis).
Other material: vegetation charcoal and phosphate fertilizer.
Prepare earlier vegetation charcoal and phosphate fertilizer mixed-matrix by weight proportion: vegetation charcoal 95%, phosphate fertilizer 5%.Make kind of a plant hole in the polluted by uranium mine tailings district by the straight line arrangement mode, the size of planting plant hole is: long 50cm, wide 35cm, dark 40cm; The long axis direction of planting plant hole is identical with the direction of the row of cultivated plant.In each plant cave, execute and fill out vegetation charcoal and phosphate fertilizer mixed-matrix 600g.Kind mode between these the three kinds of plant seedling employings of Chinese sumac, mountain jute and butterflybush flower is cultivated at first row, and the distance in this row between the two adjacent plantation caves is 100cm, and each is planted plant hole and only plants a kind of plant, and each plants plant hole seedling quantity is 5 strains; Melilot is planted in second row, and the distance in this row between the two adjacent plantation caves is 40cm, and each plants plant hole seedling quantity is 13 strains; Sri Lanka Pouzolzia Herb is planted in the third line, and the distance in this row between the two adjacent plantation caves is 50cm, and each plants plant hole cultivation seedling quantity is 18 strains.Distance between the two adjacent plantation row is 45cm.Circulation plantation according to this during cultivated plant, adopts seed or seedling all feasible, but with plantation seedling the best.
The applicant in year June in February, 2006 to 2008 at the retired uranium mining tailing wasteland of Hengyang Factory No.272, carried out field trial as stated above.And measure serike place and organic matter, total nitrogen and the water-soluble uranium content (seeing Table) in the contaminated soil on cultivated plant contrast ground not.Compare with control soil, the nitrogen in the contaminated soil of cultivated plant significantly increases, and its water-soluble uranium, cadmium, lead, zinc and manganese content significantly descend.
Table 3 cultivated plant is to the influence of the total nitrogen and the water-soluble heavy metal of soil polluted by uranium mine tailings
Figure GSB00000185060300061
Annotate: the significant difference (p<0.05) between handling in the same row of different letter representations and contrasting

Claims (5)

1. method of utilizing the plant preventing and controlling heavy-metal movement of uranium tailings slag, it is characterized in that, make kind of a plant hole in the polluted by uranium mine tailings district, collocation plantation various plants, kind mode between these the three kinds of plants employings of Chinese sumac (Rhus chinensis), mountain jute (Trema orientalis) and butterflybush flower (Buddleja officinalis) is cultivated at first row, Melilot (Melilotus officinalis) is planted in second row, (Pouzolzia zeylanica) is planted in the third line with Sri Lanka Pouzolzia Herb, according to this circulation; Kind of plant hole is arranged in a linear, and the length of planting plant hole is 40-60cm, wide for 30-40cm, be 30-50cm deeply; It is identical with the direction of cultivated plant row to plant the plant hole long axis direction.
2. the method for utilizing the plant preventing and controlling heavy-metal movement of uranium tailings slag according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, when planting described plant, the spacing of adjacent two plants row is 45cm, the spacing in two adjacent plantation caves is 100cm in first row, the spacing in two adjacent plantation caves is 40cm in second row, and the spacing in two adjacent plantation caves is 50cm in the third line.
3. the method for utilizing the plant preventing and controlling heavy-metal movement of uranium tailings slag according to claim 1 is characterized in that, during the plantation plant, executes in each kind plant hole and fills out mixed-matrix 500-750g.
4. the method for utilizing the plant preventing and controlling heavy-metal movement of uranium tailings slag according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the component of described mixed-matrix is vegetation charcoal and phosphate fertilizer, and the weight ratio of each component is during the preparation mixed-matrix: vegetation charcoal 92-98%, phosphate fertilizer 2-8%.
5. the method for utilizing the plant preventing and controlling heavy-metal movement of uranium tailings slag according to claim 1 is characterized in that, during cultivated plant, adopts seed or seedling.
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