CN102934580B - Planting method of jute in heavy-metal contaminated soil - Google Patents
Planting method of jute in heavy-metal contaminated soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method of jute in heavy-metal contaminated soil. The method comprises the following steps of: A, preparing soil and building a field, and applying passivator to reduce activity of heavy metal in the soil; B, selecting a specific jute variety with strong heavy metal contamination resistance, sowing in an enough amount at proper time to guarantee full seedlings; C, determining appropriate close planting, thinning/finally singlings in good time, and reserving enough basic seedlings; and D, intertilling/weeding in time, rationally topdressing/irrigating to culture effective strong plants; E, reinforcing prevention and control of diseases and insect pests to realize high yield of jute. By the jute planting method, the average yields of raw stems in light, medium and heavy contaminated jute fields are respectively 181.0+/-16.4, 174.9+/-15.7 and 158.5+/-15.3kg/mu, which reaches the high-yield level of the jute growing area in South China; and the content of heavy metal in raw jute can be controlled in a range of related standard limit, so that agricultural safety and effective utilization of heavy metal contaminated soil can be realized. The method is simple in technology and practical, and has wide application prospect in broad heavy metal contaminated areas.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural environment child care and recovery technique field, what more specifically relate to is a kind of method of planting jute on heavy-metal contaminated soil, is suitable for the popularization of the peasant in vast heavy metal pollution area and agrotechnical department etc.
Background technology
Along with the continuous propelling of industrialization and urbanization, China's heavy metal pollution of soil problem is more and more subject to people's great attention.According to related data, phase at the beginning of the eighties in last century, China was subject to only 2,670,000 hectares of the cultivated areas of the heavy metal pollutions such as cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic, chromium, nickel, in the time of 1988, be just increased to 6,670,000 hectares, to last century end 10 million hectare, broken through 2,000 ten thousand hectares at present, accounted for 20% of whole cultivated areas.More seriously, the heavy metal pollution of China's basic farmland is also quite serious.According to the national environmental protection portion sampling monitoring result to 300,000 hectares of Basic Farmland Conservation Zones soil harmful heavy metals in recent years, found that the heavy metal content in soil of 3.6 ten thousand hectares exceeds standard, exceeding standard rate is up to 12.1%.How to repair the contaminated by heavy metals farmland of utilization, caused the great attention of governments at all levels.
Generally speaking, China is not talk about " replanting " and " transformation of the way " rashly for slight heavy metal pollution farmland and part heavy metal pollution farmland, always by various technological approaches, keep original cropping pattern by every means, to produce abundant edible agricultural product, to ensure the grain security of China and the quality safety of food agricultural produce, only have and really can not produce the part heavy metal pollution farmland (being serious pollution farmland and small part intermediate pollution farmland) that meets state food safety standard, just by phytoremediation technology, it is improved to utilization, but do not talk about the character of abandoning its farming land rashly yet, to guarantee that country's " red lines in 1,800,000,000 mu of arable lands " lowest limit is not broken.
At present, conventionally the phytoremediation technology adopting both at home and abroad mainly contains two classes: a class is to adopt super enriching plant to repair contaminated by heavy metals soil, as penny cress (Thlaspi caerulescens) etc., but the large multi-biomass of super enriching plant is low, a little less than diseases and insect pests resistance, and repair and will change the character of its farming land for farmland; Another kind of is that the plant that adopts biomass to possess greatly and not super enriching heavy metal element is repaired and utilizes contaminated soil, as crudefiber crop, flue-cured tobacco, mulberry tree, corn etc.
Jute (Corchorus Capsularis L.), has another name called network fiber crops, green fiber crops, belongs to Tiliaceae Corchorus, is annual herb fibre crops.Its fiber be mainly used in weaving gunnysack, burlap etc. are the most cheap strings.Relatively low because of its output, and its main application replaces by chemical fibre substantially, seldom has at present large-area plantation.But applicant finds when bearing national crudefiber crop industrial technology system inter-related task research, jute is the environmental protection crop of a kind of high " carbon remittance ", the ability of its absorbing carbon dioxide is 1-2 times of forest, in heavy metal pollution area plantation, there is stronger resistance and the speed of growth faster, can be used as improveing the alternative crop that utilizes heavy-metal contaminated soil.Although once there was both at home and abroad the bibliographical information of a large amount of jute cultivating superior high-yields aspect, its key technology has still suffered from many technical bottlenecks and obstacle in the applying of heavy metal pollution area:
The one, though jute kind is many, really there is the heavy metal pollution of resisting ability, the kind of especially resisting heavy metal severe contamination ability is rare.Result of study and the practice of applicant when bearing national crudefiber crop industrial technology System Construction inter-related task shows, many jute kinds do not possess the ability of the heavy metal pollution resisted, in heavy metal pollution area, can not complete normal growth cycle, even pollute on more serious soil and can not survive.Therefore, heavy metal pollution regional development jute, produce, must select the certain species with strong resistance to heavy metal pollution ability.
The 2nd, applicant's result of study also shows with practice, even if some kind possesses the ability of the heavy metal pollution resisted, but the early growth period in heavy metal pollution area, especially the root system development in seedling stage is still subject to serious threat, even, because heavy metal " corrosion " causes death, cause the phenomenon of being short of seedling serious.Therefore, heavy metal pollution regional development jute, producing, how to guarantee numb garden realization " broadcasts full stand ", is a guardian technique problem guaranteeing jute high yield.
The 3rd, applicant's research is also found, even if possess the jute certain species of resisting more by force heavy metal pollution ability, also heavy metal pollution of soil degree is had to different responses: under the condition of part moderate especially serious pollution, each kind all shows growth retardation, plant type and downgrades the features such as serious, effective strain in Er Ma garden, individual plant is high and stem thick etc. be to form the most basic evaluation index that jute rich (height) produces.Therefore, heavy metal pollution regional development jute, produce, need to determine a rational planting density, be i.e. the basic seedling amount that when thinning, final singling, unit are retains; Simultaneously, also the Basic Seedling that needs to retain be grown to serve as strong individuality (its specific features be strain suitable high, stem is sturdy, skin depth is real, resistant to lodging etc.), under the prerequisite strengthening in planting density, seem particularly important, the field management measures such as this can only intertill by duty, skilful fertilising, irrigation in time could obtain.
The 4th, the pH value of soil is directly connected to the activity of heavy metal-polluted soil, affects the quality of agricultural product.Applicant studies for many years with the result of putting into practice and shows, long-term physiological phenomenon nitrogenous fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer as acid in the chemistry of calcium superphosphate and so on of using in a large number such as ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, to directly cause the pH value of soil to reduce, the activity of heavy metal-polluted soil is strengthened, increase crop to the absorption of heavy metal element and accumulation, affect the quality of agricultural product.Jute is the crop that a kind of fertilizer requirement is large, only uses enough fertilizer and just can guarantee its stable high yield.Therefore, heavy metal pollution regional development jute, produce, have a rational application of fertilizer problem that especially science is topdressed, what because topdress, use is all chemical fertilizer, if use improper, not only can induced environment risk (pollution of area source), and meeting acidified soil, the activity of increase heavy metal-polluted soil.
Many technical problems and the bottleneck for above-mentioned obstruction heavy metal pollution regional development jute, produced, according to applicant's years of researches result and practical experience, proposed this invention content and implemented technical scheme.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to be to provide a kind of method of planting jute on heavy-metal contaminated soil.Application the method is heavy metal pollution area plantation jute, the average per unit area yield in slight pollution fiber crops garden is 181.0 ± 16.4 thousand grams/acre, moderate, serious pollution fiber crops garden be respectively 174.9 ± 15.7 and 158.5 ± 15.3 thousand grams/acre, all reached the high yield level in south China fiber crops districts, and the content of beary metal in raw ramie can be controlled in the scope of relevant criterion limit value, the agricultural safety of having realized heavy-metal contaminated soil utilizes with efficient, technology is easy, easy to implement the method, in vast heavy metal pollution area, has extremely wide application prospect.
In order to realize above-mentioned Destination and task, the present invention has adopted following technical measures:
A method of planting jute on heavy-metal contaminated soil, the steps include:
A.Zheng Dijian garden, uses passivator, reduces the activity of heavy metal-polluted soil.Select fine day in late March to mid-April, on heavy-metal contaminated soil, to carry out the work such as deep ploughing, minute railway carriage or compartment, ridging, trench digging, whole ground, its tilling depth is advisable with 35-40 centimetre, the wide 1.8-3.6 rice that is generally in railway carriage or compartment, ridge length is controlled in 30 meters, often surpass 30 meters of need and increase a waist ditch, every a tap drain of 4-6 railway carriage or compartment excavation, surrounding excavation encloses ditch, and railway carriage or compartment ditch, Yao Gou, tap drain and the ditch depth that encloses ditch are generally 30-45 centimetre.The concrete specification of the wide and ditch depth in railway carriage or compartment, Shi Ma child-care center is at physical features and harvesting approach and determine, total principle is: Yi Zhai railway carriage or compartment, hillside Ma garden (1.8-2.4 rice) and shallow ridges (30-40 centimetre) are advisable, being advisable with wide railway carriage or compartment (2.8-3.6 rice) and zanjon (35-45 centimetre) of flat nonirrigated farmland, paddy field; Artificial results Yi Zhai railway carriage or compartment, Ma garden (1.8-2.4 rice) and shallow ridges (30-40 centimetre) are advisable, being advisable with wide railway carriage or compartment (2.8-3.6 rice) and zanjon (35-45 centimetre) of mechanical harvest.Before determining sowing, in 4-7 days, complete the shaped ground of fiber crops, by following standard, use the soil heavy metal passivant that comprises the oil cake that becomes thoroughly decomposed, calcium magnesium phosphate and three kinds of materials of quick lime, to reduce the activity of heavy metal-polluted soil, guarantee that after planting jute seed can normally germinate, emerges and ensure its normal growth (the especially growth of Seedling Stage root system), improve numb shoot survival percent, improve numb shoot survival percent: slight pollution soil, every mu of quantity of using the oil cake that becomes thoroughly decomposed, calcium magnesium phosphate and quick lime is respectively 75-125,25-75 and 25-50 kilogram; Intermediate pollution soil, every mu of quantity of using the oil cake that becomes thoroughly decomposed, calcium magnesium phosphate and quick lime is respectively 100-150,50-100 and 50-75 kilogram; Serious pollution soil, every mu of quantity of using the oil cake that becomes thoroughly decomposed, calcium magnesium phosphate and quick lime is respectively 125-175,75-125 and 75-100 kilogram.The concrete consumption of passivator, depending on content of beary metal and its fertility level of soil, the overall principle is: the soil that content of beary metal is low, fertility level is high, passivator Shaoshi; The soil that content of beary metal is high, fertility level is low, passivator is executed more.
Described heavy-metal contaminated soil, refer to the content of Cadmium in Soil (Cd), plumbous (Pb), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), 7 kinds of elements of zinc (Zn), has a kind of agricultural allowable value that has surpassed national < < standard of soil environment quality > > (GB15618-1995) regulation at least, i.e. secondary standard value in this standard.
Described slight pollution, refer to the content of beary metal in soil, according to the agricultural allowable value of national < < standard of soil environment quality > > (GB15618-1995) regulation, have at least a kind of content of element to reach following judgment criteria: the content of cadmium is (in Cd, lower with) 0.1-6.0 that exceeds the agricultural allowable value of GB doubly, arsenic, nickel, the content of copper is (respectively with As, Ni, Cu meter, lower with) 0.1-5.0 that exceeds the agricultural allowable value of GB doubly, plumbous, chromium, the content of zinc is (respectively with Pb, Cr, Zn meter, lower with) 0.1-3.0 that exceeds the agricultural allowable value of GB doubly.
Described intermediate pollution, refer to the content of beary metal in soil, according to the agricultural allowable value of national < < standard of soil environment quality > > (GB15618-1995) regulation, have at least a kind of content of element to reach following judgment criteria: the content of cadmium exceeds 6.1-17.0 times of the agricultural allowable value of GB, the content of arsenic, nickel, copper exceeds 5.1-8.0 times of the agricultural allowable value of GB, and the content of lead, chromium, zinc exceeds 3.1-5.0 times of the agricultural allowable value of GB.
Described serious pollution, refer to the content of beary metal in soil, according to the agricultural allowable value of national < < standard of soil environment quality > > (GB15618-1995) regulation, have at least a kind of content of element to reach following judgment criteria: the content of cadmium exceeds 17.1-35.0 times of the agricultural allowable value of GB, arsenic, the content of nickel and copper exceeds 8.1-15.0 times of the agricultural allowable value of GB, plumbous, the content of chromium and zinc exceeds 5.1-10.0 times of the agricultural allowable value of GB.
Described harvesting approach, refers to artificial and two kinds of numb modes of receipts of machinery.
Described soil heavy metal passivant, refers to three kinds of materials that comprise the oil cake that becomes thoroughly decomposed, calcium magnesium phosphate and quick lime.
The described oil cake that becomes thoroughly decomposed, by cake-shaped rape seed dregs or tea is withered or the withered mixture of cake-shaped rape seed dregs/tea forms through the spontaneous fermentation of 20 days, has the dual-use function of fertilizer and soil passivator concurrently in the present invention.
Described calcium magnesium phosphate, is commercially available commodity chemical fertilizer, has in the present invention the dual-use function of phosphate fertilizer and soil passivator concurrently.
Described quick lime, through acidolysis, a kind of strong alkaline substance of adding reaction of sodium bicarbonate and calcination process to produce by calcium carbonate, its composition is calcium oxide (chemical formula is CaO), major function is the activity of passivation heavy metal-polluted soil in the present invention, and also can be jute production simultaneously provides part calcareous (Ca
2+) nutrition.
B. select the certain species of resistance to heavy metal pollution, enough beginning sowing in good time, guarantees " one broadcasts full stand ".Select Hunan jute No. 3, or in draw jute No. 1, or in draw jute No. 2, or jute 179, or good fortune jute No. 3, or the jute certain species of the strong resistance to heavy metal pollution such as yellow No. 1 of Fujian, Nong district routine is planted numb application rate (thousand grams/acre of 1.50-2.00, < < crop cultivation > > chapter 14 jute and bluish dogbane referring to chief editors such as Hu Liyong, Higher Education Publishing House, publication in 2008) on basis, increase the sowing quantity of 5-30%, be that every mu of application rate is 1.58-2.60 kilogram, April, selecting fine day sows with bar broadcast mode.Sown scope during sowing (broadcasting face width degree) with 1.0-2.0 centimetre wide be advisable, seed level (face of broadcasting digs deeply) is advisable with 0.6-0.8 centimetre, stripe pitch is 10-12 centimetre.Finish after kind, broadcasting the thick 0.8-1.0 centimetre of earthing on face immediately, guarantee to realize " one broadcasts full stand ".
Described " one broadcasts full stand ", refer to the quantity of after planting emerging, in the time of can meeting thinning completely, the most basic needed seedling number (is generally ten thousand plants/acre of 2.5-3.0, < < crop cultivation > > chapter 14 jute and bluish dogbane referring to chief editors such as Hu Liyong, Higher Education Publishing House, within 2008, publish), and do not need to reseed separately.
Described jute kind genetic resources source explanation:
Hunan jute No. 3: be " the long fruit of wide leaf " seed warp for crudefiber crop research institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
60after Co-γ radiation, seed selection forms, and 1997 fixed by Hunan Province Crop breed audit committee member joint hearing (recognizing).
In draw jute No. 1: be crudefiber crop research institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences from the jute kind of external introduction (original name: O-1), examine that (recognizing) is fixed, registration (cultivar registration numbering: XPD026-2009) for 2009 by the non-staple crops kind of the Hunan Province Crop breed audit committee.
In draw jute No. 2: be crudefiber crop research institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences from the jute kind of external introduction (original name: C-1), examine that (recognizing) is fixed, registration (cultivar registration numbering: XPD027-2009) for 2009 by the non-staple crops kind of the Hunan Province Crop breed audit committee.
Jute 179: Shi Yuan Fujian Agriculture College passes through the jute kind of selection cross in 1972-1979.Through the 1978-1980 Fujian variety comparative test of 3 years, in nineteen eighty-two, classify the contrast kind of Fujian Province's jute regional testing as, and it is fixed to have passed through Fujian Province's variety of crops careful (recognizing).
Good fortune jute No. 3: be that University Of Agriculture and Forestry In Fujian passes through the jute new varieties that (No. 2, Mei Feng) * (Fujian fiber crops No. 5) selection cross forms, examine (recognizing) fixed (kind authentication code: fiber crops 2012003 are recognized in Fujian) by Fujian Province's variety of crops in 2012.
Yellow No. 1 of Fujian: be that Fujian Academy passes through the jute new varieties that (No. 2, Mei Feng) * (Fujian fiber crops No. 4) selection cross forms, examine (recognizing) fixed (kind authentication code: fiber crops 2012004 are recognized in Fujian) by Fujian Province's variety of crops in 2012.
C. determine suitable plantation dense planting, thinning/final singling in good time, stops Basic Seedling.A) Suitable Density of heavy metal pollution area plantation jute, i.e. the basic seedling amount retaining during final singling, depending on heavy metal pollution of soil degree.Soil for slight pollution, its planting density, Yu Nong district routine is planted the consistent of fiber crops, the basic seedling amount that is every mu of reservation is that 1.80-2.30 ten thousand strains are (referring to the chief editors' such as Hu Liyong < < crop cultivation > > chapter 14 jute and bluish dogbane, Higher Education Publishing House, publishes for 2008); The soil of intermediate pollution, its planting density, Yao Binong district routine is planted numb increase 5-15%, i.e. and the basic seedling amount of every mu of reservation is 1.89-2.34 ten thousand strains; The soil of serious pollution, its planting density, Yao Binong district routine is planted fiber crops and is increased 10-20%, i.e. and the basic seedling amount of every mu of reservation is 1.97-2.42 ten thousand strains; B) the plantation thinning of jute of heavy metal pollution area and the suitable time of final singling, what Jun Yaobinong district routine was planted fiber crops delays 2-4 days, that is: when growing 2-4 sheet true leaf, height of seedling 5-7 centimetre, numb seedling starts thinning, formal final singling when numb seedling grows 8-10 sheet true leaf, height of seedling 13-15 centimetre.
D. intertillage/weeding in time, rationally topdresses/irrigates, and cultivates effectively strong strain.A) in conjunction with thinning intertill for the first time, weeding and topdressing, its tilling depth is advisable with 2-3 centimetre, every mu of nitrogen pool of using (in N, lower with) is controlled at 0.9-1.2 kilogram, general potassium amount (with K
2o meter) be controlled at 1.2-1.8 kilogram.B) in conjunction with final singling intertill for the second time, weeding and topdressing, its tilling depth is advisable with 4-5 centimetre, every mu of nitrogen pool of using is controlled at 1.2-2.0 kilogram, general potassium amount and is controlled at 1.2-1.8 kilogram.C) when height of seedling reaches 23-25 centimetre, intertill for the third time, weeding and topdressing, its tilling depth is advisable with 6-7 centimetre, every mu of nitrogen pool of using is controlled at 3.0-5.0 kilogram, general potassium amount and is controlled at 2.4-4.2 kilogram, increases total phosphorus content simultaneously and be 1.0-1.8 kilogram (with P
2o
5meter) phosphate fertilizer.D) when numb seedling grows to 45-50 centimetre high, (Ji Ma garden Feng Hangqian) carries out the 4th intertillage, weeding and topdresses, and its tilling depth is advisable with 4-5 centimetre, fertilizer type and consumption all with topdress for the third time consistent.E) before results, in 50-60 days, take advantage of the rainy day or irrigate after use for the last time topdress (" catching up with tip fertilizer "), its fertilizer type and consumption, all with topdress for the second time consistent.While f) topdressing, should be specifically noted that, forbid to use the physiological phenomenon nitrogenous fertilizer as ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and so on, and phosphate fertilizer as acid in the chemistry of calcium superphosphate and so on, in order to avoid aggravation soil acidification, the activity of increase heavy metal.G), at the continuous summer and autumn property period of drought without rain, every 8-10 days, adopt the slow water of furrow irrigation mode to irrigate once, the low 0.5-1.0 centimetre of railway carriage or compartment face in the irrigation water surface Yao Bima garden in ditch.
Described effectively strong strain, while referring to ripe results, plant height can reach 2.0-4.5 rice, stem and slightly can reach jute individual plant that 0.8-2.0 centimetre, skin depth can reach 0.7-1.2 millimeter (referring to the chief editors' such as Hu Liyong < < crop cultivation > > chapter 14 jute and bluish dogbane, Higher Education Publishing House, publishes for 2008).
E. strengthen the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, realize jute high yield.A) the modal disease and pest of jute is anthracnose, stem blight, damping-off, bacterial wilt, root knot nematode disease, cutworm, corn borer and red spider, on heavy metal pollution (especially having cut off the intermediate pollution of food chain in serious pollution and part) soil, plant jute, adopt Agro-chemicals control disease and pest be a kind of the most directly, the effective ways of economic (material benefit).B) 600 times of liquid of the U.S. wettable powder of anthrax good fortune that every mu of use 50 or 100 gram mass marks are 80%, or the 600 times of liquid sprayings of Tuzet wettable powder that are 50% of 50 or 100 gram mass marks, prevent and treat anthracnose, stem blight.C) 600 times of liquid of Dexon powder that every mu of use 50 or 100 gram mass marks are 90%, or the 800 times of liquid sprayings of many good fortune mixture that are 40% of 50 or 100 gram mass marks, prevent and treat damping-off and bacterial wilt.D) the fosthiazate granule that every mu of use 2 kilogram-mass mark are 10% is mixed soil and is spread fertilizer over the fields, or the Nellite emulsion that is 30% with 40 or 80 milliliters of mass fractions is watered 45 kilograms of sprayings, prevents and treats root knot nematode disease.E) the metrifonate pulvis that is 90% at every mu of use of Seedling Stage 50 or 100 gram mass marks is watered 45 kilograms and sprays on the fresh grass of chopping, is spread on ground trapping cutworm.F) at ovum, incubate the fenvalerate that Sheng phase every mu of use 40 or 80 milliliters of mass fractions are 20% and be watered 45 kilograms of sprayings, control of maize snout moth's larva.G) decis that every mu of use 40 or 80 milliliters of mass fractions are 2.5% is watered 45 kilograms and incubates phase spraying, control red spider in larva clustering or Sheng.
Described high yield, refer to that when results every mu of raw ramie per unit area yield need reach the level of 150-200 kilogram (referring to the chief editors' such as Hu Liyong < < crop cultivation > > chapter 14 jute and bluish dogbane, Higher Education Publishing House, publishes for 2008).
The U.S. wettable powder of described anthrax good fortune is a kind of the most frequently used commercially available (commodity) agricultural chemicals.It is by thiram (30%, w/w), (50%, w/w), the composition such as auxiliary agent and carrier, outward appearance is grey powder to ziram, and low toxicity has and suppresses and the double action of sterilization.
Described Tuzet wettable powder is a kind of the most frequently used commercially available (commodity) agricultural chemicals.It is the complex preparation of thiram, ziram, bis methylarsine; its active ingredient is " N; N-dimethyl dithiocarbamic acid first arsine "+" PZ "+" two (dimethyl thiocarbamoyl) two sulphur things ", is a kind of bactericide of broad spectrum protection.
Described wettable powder is the common a kind of formulation of commercially available agricultural chemical.It by a certain percentage through fully mixing after pulverizing, reaches the formulation of certain particle size by pesticide original medicine, inert filler and auxiliary agent.From in shape, it and pulvis indistinction, but due to it, added the auxiliary agents such as wetting agent, dispersant, can be moistening by water after being added in water, disperse, and forms suspension, can spray and use.Compare with missible oil, the production cost of wettable powder is low, available paper bag or plastic bag packaging, and accumulating is convenient, safety, and packaging material ratio is easier to process.The more important thing is, wettable powder is not used solvent and emulsifying agent, safer to plant.
Described fenaminosulf, have another name called Dexon, feel well, fenaminosulf, be a kind of the most frequently used commercially available (commodity) agricultural chemicals.It is moderately toxic bactericide, prevents and treats disease and take protective effect as main, has systemic action concurrently.
Described many good fortune mixture is a kind of the most frequently used commercially available (commodity) agricultural chemicals.It is the complex preparation of carbendazim and thiram, for having the bactericide of protective effect.
Described fosthiazate granule is a kind of the most frequently used commercially available (commodity) agricultural chemicals.It is mainly used in preventing and treating nematode, aphid etc., and root-knot nematode, pratylenchus are had to special efficacy.
Described Nellite is a kind of the most frequently used commercially available (commodity) agricultural chemicals.It is first organophosphor nematicide occurring mid-term the 1950's, and its preparation has missible oil, pulvis etc.Long because of its strong toxicity, residence time, in slight pollution Ma garden, ban use of.
Described metrifonate pulvis is a kind of the most frequently used commercially available (commodity) agricultural chemicals.It is the pesticide of organic phosphates.
The described chrysanthemum ester of killing, has another name called fenvalerate, fenvalerate, Belmark, speed is killed ester, Belmark, nitrile chlorine phenothrin, is a kind of the most frequently used commercially available (commodity) agricultural chemicals.Take action of contace poison as main, also have the effects such as stomach toxicity, ovicidal and food refusal, is to have stronger lethality to the larva of insect, pupa, ovum.
Described decis, has another name called " decis ", is a kind of the most frequently used commercially available (commodity) agricultural chemicals.The highest a kind of of virulence in current chrysanthemum ester insecticide.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages and effect:
A. the definite Hunan jute of the present invention is No. 3, in draw jute No. 1, in draw jute No. 2, jute 179, good fortune jute No. 3, 6 jute certain species of yellow No. 1 grade in Fujian, even if at Cadmium in Soil content be 35 times of the agricultural allowable value of GB, or arsenic, nickel, copper content is 15 times of the agricultural allowable value of GB, or plumbous, chromium, zinc content is under the soil environment condition that 10 times of the agricultural allowable value of GB etc. are exceedingly odious, all can complete normal growth cycle, and (applicant's microcell analog reslt is 0.12-0.18 Kilograms Per Square Meter to have higher Raw fiber yield, amount to per mu yield 80.0-120.0 kilogram), the ability that shows above-mentioned certain species tolerance heavy metal pollution is strong, that heavy metal pollution regional development jute produces, realize contaminated soil agricultural safety and the efficient first-selected kind of utilizing.
B. the present invention comprises by using the oil cake that becomes thoroughly decomposed, calcium magnesium phosphate and quick lime are at three kinds of interior passivator, make heavy metal-polluted soil activity significantly reduce that (applicant's field test monitoring result is: the effective cadmium content of soil 44.2-80.3% that declined, Available Lead, arsenic content also declined respectively 38.4-73.6% and 40.5-79.8%), effectively alleviated cadmium, plumbous, the impact that the heavy metal elements such as arsenic grow on jute, the particularly impact on its Seedling Stage root growth and development, (applicant's field test results is: intermediate pollution soil is not used only 50% left and right of numb shoot survival percent that passivator processes to have improved significantly the survival rate of numb seedling, that uses that passivator processes has brought up to 85-90%).Simultaneously, by implementing the determined appropriate increase application rate of the present invention, appropriateness increases planting density, diligent intertillage, skilful fertilising, the field technology measures such as irrigation and prevention and elimination of disease and pests in time, guarantee Liao Ma garden rich (height) product: the average per unit area yield in slight pollution fiber crops garden is 181.0 ± 16.4 thousand grams/acre, the per unit area yield in moderate and serious pollution fiber crops garden is respectively 174.9 ± 15.7 and 158.5 ± 15.3 thousand grams/acre, (standard is thousand grams/acre of 150-200 all to have met or exceeded the high yield level in southern numb district, < < crop cultivation > > chapter 14 jute and bluish dogbane referring to chief editors such as Hu Liyong, Higher Education Publishing House, within 2008, publish), and the content of beary metal in raw ramie can be controlled in American-European limits the quantity of in the standard of (20 mg/kg) about cadmium in textile raw material (Cd), the agricultural safety of having realized heavy-metal contaminated soil utilizes with efficient, technology is easy, easy to implement the method, in vast heavy metal pollution area, there is extremely wide application prospect.
C. traditional jute high-yield fertilization mode is " using sufficient base manure ", its Main is every mu of farmyard manure of using 3-4 ton (containing farm manure) prior to seeding, and the potassium chloride of the calcium superphosphate of compounding application 30-50 kilogram (being the chemically acid fertilizer that the present invention is forbidden) and 10 kilograms of left and right, after planting more every mu use 150 kilograms of plant ash and cover seed (referring to the chief editor's such as Hu Liyong < < crop cultivation > > chapter 14 jute and bluish dogbane, Higher Education Publishing House, within 2008, publish), its workload is large, the rural area of substantially going out to work current between twenty and fifty labour is not in the cards.The present invention makes full use of become thoroughly decomposed oil cake and calcium magnesium phosphate can effectively provide jute required nutrient, and the effective dual-use function of passivation heavy metal-polluted soil activity, has replaced farmyard manure (containing farm manure), potassium chloride and plant ash etc. and used as base manure again.Although drop into the oil cake that becomes thoroughly decomposed, use the fertilizer cost that farmyard manure (containing farm manure) has increased 37.5-87.5 unit/mu newly, but saved the labor of 1-2/mu, and reduced using of 10,000 grams/acre of left and right potassium chloride, not only overall economic efficiency is considerable, and social benefit more obvious (peasant takes like a shot, and has realized the agricultural safety and efficient utilization of heavy-metal contaminated soil).
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but is not limitation of the present invention, all any this areas of doing according to the disclosure of invention be equal to replacement, all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
A method of planting jute on heavy-metal contaminated soil, the steps include:
A.Zheng Dijian garden, uses passivator, reduces the activity of heavy metal-polluted soil.
Select fine day late March or early April or mid-April, on heavy-metal contaminated soil, to carry out the work such as deep ploughing, minute railway carriage or compartment, ridging, trench digging, whole ground.
Fiber crops Orchard Soil ploughed depth, with 35 or 37 or 38 or 40 centimetres, be advisable, concrete Shi Ma child-care center determine in the pollution level of physical features and heavy metal: be advisable with shallow plowing (35-37 centimetre) in hillside Ma garden, being advisable with deep plough (38-40 centimetre) of flat nonirrigated farmland and paddy field; Pollution level compare Di Ma garden with shallow plowing (35-37 centimetre) be advisable, with serious pollution with deep ploughing (38-40 centimetre) be advisable.
Ma Yuan railway carriage or compartment is wide, is generally 1.8 or 2.1 or 2.4 or 2.8 or 3.2 or 3.6 meters, and concrete Shi Ma child-care center determines at physical features and harvesting approach: be advisable in Yi Zhai railway carriage or compartment, hillside Ma garden (1.8-2.4 rice), being advisable with wide railway carriage or compartment (2.8-3.6 rice) of flat nonirrigated farmland and paddy field; Be advisable in artificial results Yi Zhai railway carriage or compartments, Ma garden (1.8-2.4 rice), being advisable with wide railway carriage or compartment (2.8-3.6 rice) of mechanical harvest.
Ma Yuan ridge is long, and general control, in 30 meters, often surpasses 30 meters of need and increases a waist ditch.
In fiber crops garden, every a tap drain of 4 or 5 or 6 railway carriage or compartment excavations, surrounding excavation encloses ditch.
The ditch depth of waist ditch and tap drain in fiber crops garden, be generally 30 or 35 or 40 or 45 centimetres, concrete specification is depending on numb field gesture and harvesting approach, total principle: hillside Ma garden with shallow ridges (30-40 centimetre) be advisable, flat nonirrigated farmland and paddy field be advisable with zanjon (35-45 centimetre), artificial results Ma garden with shallow ridges (30-40 centimetre) be advisable, being advisable with zanjon (35-45 centimetre) of mechanical harvest, but must guarantee that the irrigation and drainage of railway carriage or compartment ditch (ditch depth is 35 or 40 or 45 centimetres), waist ditch (ditch depth is 35 or 40 or 45 centimetres) etc. in Yu Ma garden are unimpeded.
Determining that sowing completes a minute railway carriage or compartment ridging in first 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 days, the farming between the numb vegetable gardens such as whole ground of ditching, and using immediately the soil heavy metal passivant that comprises the oil cake that becomes thoroughly decomposed, calcium magnesium phosphate and three kinds of materials of quick lime after whole end.
Slight pollution soil Ma garden passivator consumption is: become thoroughly decomposed oil cake 75 or 85 or 95 or 105 or 115 or 125,000 grams/acre, calcium magnesium phosphate 25 or 35 or 45 or 55 or 65 or 75,000 grams/acre, quick lime 25 or 30 or 35 or 40 or 45 or 50,000 grams/acre.
Intermediate pollution soil Ma garden passivator consumption is: become thoroughly decomposed oil cake 100 or 110 or 120 or 130 or 140 or 150,000 grams/acre, calcium magnesium phosphate 50 or 60 or 70 or 80 or 90 or double centner/mu, quick lime 50 or 55 or 60 or 65 or 70 or 75,000 grams/acre.
Serious pollution soil Ma garden passivator consumption is: become thoroughly decomposed oil cake 125 or 135 or 145 or 155 or 165 or 175,000 grams/acre, calcium magnesium phosphate 75 or 85 or 95 or 105 or 115 or 125,000 grams/acre, quick lime 75 or 80 or 85 or 90 or 95 or double centner/mu.
The object of using passivator is mainly to reduce the activity of heavy metal-polluted soil, guarantee jute seed after planting normal germination, emerge and the growing of seedlings root, improve numb shoot survival percent, be also to produce for jute the nutrient (passivator is used the base manure that replaces Liao Ma garden) that provides necessary simultaneously.The concrete consumption of passivator, depending on content of beary metal and its fertility level of soil, the overall principle is: the soil that content of beary metal is low, fertility level is high, passivator Shaoshi; The soil that content of beary metal is high, fertility level is low, passivator is executed more.
B. select the certain species of resistance to heavy metal pollution, enough beginning sowing in good time, guarantees " one broadcasts full stand ".
Select Hunan jute No. 3, or in draw jute No. 1, or in draw jute No. 2, or jute 179, or good fortune jute No. 3, or the jute certain species of the strong resistance to heavy metal pollution such as yellow No. 1 of Fujian, Nong district routine is planted numb application rate and (is generally thousand grams/acre of 1.50-2.00, < < crop cultivation > > chapter 14 jute and bluish dogbane referring to chief editors such as Hu Liyong, Higher Education Publishing House, publication in 2008) on basis, increase 5 or 10 or 15 or 20 or 25 or 30% sowing quantity, the application rate that is every mu is 1.58 or 1.78 or 1.99 or 2.19 or 2.40 or 2.60 kilograms, in April, selecting fine day sows with bar broadcast mode.
Sown scope during sowing (broadcasting face width degree) with 1.0 or 1.5 or 2.0 centimetres wide be advisable, seed level (face of broadcasting digs deeply) is advisable with 0.6 or 0.7 or 0.8 centimetre, stripe pitch is 10 or 11 or 12 centimetres.After finishing kind, broadcasting on face thick 0.8 or 0.9 or 1.0 centimetre of earthing, guarantee to realize " one broadcasts full stand " immediately.
In view of the seed of jute less, irregular for preventing from sowing, after seed and the dry ground (dry ground consumption during every mu of sowing is 10 or 11 or 12 kilograms) of crossing 2 mesh sieves fully can being mixed, sow again.Its concrete operation method is: first dry ground is crossed to 2 mesh sieves (being aperture 8 mm sieve), according to sown area, taking needed dry ground quantity divides on clean cement flooring, thickness is no more than 5 millimeters, after moistening in the ratio spraying of every kilogram of dry ground water 300 or 350 or 400 milliliters, again seed is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields on damp soil, after fully mixing, can carry out field sowing.
C. determine suitable plantation dense planting, thinning/final singling in good time, stops Basic Seedling.
The Suitable Density of heavy metal pollution area plantation jute, i.e. the basic seedling amount retaining during final singling, depending on heavy metal pollution of soil degree.
Soil for slight pollution, its suitable planting density, Yu Nong district routine is planted the consistent of fiber crops and (is generally 1.80-2.30 ten thousand strains, < < crop cultivation > > chapter 14 jute and bluish dogbane referring to chief editors such as Hu Liyong, Higher Education Publishing House, within 2008, publish), i.e. the basic seedling amount of every mu of reservation is 1.80 or 1.90 or 2.00 or 2.10 or 2.20 or 2.30 ten thousand strains.
For the soil of intermediate pollution, its suitable planting density, Yao Binong district routine is planted numb increase 5 or 7 or 9 or 11 or 13 or 15%, i.e. and the basic seedling amount of every mu of reservation is 1.89 or 1.98 or 2.07 or 2.16 or 2.25 or 2.34 ten thousand strains.
For the soil of serious pollution, its suitable planting density, Yao Binong district routine is planted fiber crops and is increased 10 or 12 or 14 or 16 or 18 or 20%, i.e. and the basic seedling amount of every mu of reservation is 1.97 or 2.06 or 2.15 or 2.24 or 2.33 or 2.42 ten thousand strains.
The suitable time of heavy metal pollution area plantation jute thinning and final singling, what Jun Yaobinong district routine was planted fiber crops delays 2 or 3 or 4 days.
When growing, numb seedling when 2 or 3 or 4 true leaves, heights of seedling reach 5 or 6 or 7 centimetres, starts thinning.
Formal final singling when numb seedling grows 8 or 9 or 10 true leaves, heights of seedling and reaches 13 or 14 or 15 centimetres.
D. intertillage/weeding in time, rationally topdresses/irrigates, and cultivates effectively strong strain.
In conjunction with thinning intertill for the first time, weeding and topdressing, its tilling depth is advisable with 2 or 3 centimetres, every mu of nitrogen pool of using (in N, lower with) is controlled at 0.9 or 1.0 or 1.1 or 1.2 kilogram, general potassium amount (with K
2o meter) be controlled at 1.2 or 1.4 or 1.6 or 1.8 kilograms.
In conjunction with final singling intertill for the second time, weeding and topdressing, its tilling depth is advisable with 4 or 5 centimetres, every mu of nitrogen pool of using is controlled at 1.2 or 1.4 or 1.6 or 1.8 or 2.0 kilograms, general potassium amount and is controlled at 1.2 or 1.4 or 1.6 or 1.8 kilograms.
When numb seedling grows to 23 or 24 or 25 centimetres, intertill for the third time, weeding and topdressing, its tilling depth is advisable with 6 or 7 centimetres, every mu of nitrogen pool of using is controlled at 3.0 or 3.5 or 4.0 or 4.5 or 5.0 kilograms, general potassium amount and is controlled at 2.4 or 3.0 or 3.6 or 4.2 kilograms, increases total phosphorus content simultaneously and be 1.0 or 1.2 or 1.4 or 1.6 or 1.8 kilograms (with P
2o
5meter) phosphate fertilizer.
When numb seedling grows to 45 or 46 or 47 or 48 or 49 or 50 centimetres, (Ji Ma garden Feng Hangqian) carries out the 4th intertillage, weeding and topdresses, and its tilling depth is advisable with 4 or 5 centimetres, fertilizer type and consumption all with topdress for the third time consistent.
Before results, in 50 or 52 or 54 or 56 or 58 or 60 days, take advantage of the rainy day or irrigate after use for the last time and topdress, impose " catch up with the tip fertile ", its fertilizer type and consumption, all with topdress for the second time consistent.
While topdressing, should be specifically noted that, forbid to use the physiological phenomenon nitrogenous fertilizer as ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and so on, and phosphate fertilizer as acid in the chemistry of calcium superphosphate and so on, in order to avoid aggravation soil acidification increases heavy metal-polluted soil active.
Continuously, without the summer and autumn property period of drought of rain, adopt the slow water of furrow irrigation mode to irrigate once every 8 or 9 or 10 days, the railway carriage or compartment face in the irrigation water surface Yao Bima garden in ditch is low 0.5 or 0.8 or 1.0 centimetre.
E. strengthen the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, realize jute high yield.
The modal disease and pest of jute is anthracnose, stem blight, damping-off, bacterial wilt, root knot nematode disease, cutworm, corn borer and red spider.
On heavy metal pollution (especially having cut off the intermediate pollution of food chain in serious pollution and part) soil, plant jute, adopt Agro-chemicals control disease and pest be a kind of the most directly, the effective ways of economic (material benefit).
600 times of liquid of the U.S. wettable powder of anthrax good fortune that every mu of use 50 or 100 gram mass marks are 80%, or the 600 times of liquid sprayings of Tuzet wettable powder that are 50% of 50 or 100 gram mass marks, prevent and treat anthracnose, stem blight.
600 times of liquid of Dexon powder that every mu of use 50 or 100 gram mass marks are 90%, or the 800 times of liquid sprayings of many good fortune mixture that are 40% of 50 or 100 gram mass marks, prevent and treat damping-off and bacterial wilt.
The fosthiazate granule that every mu of use 2 kilogram-mass mark are 10% is mixed soil and is spread fertilizer over the fields, or the Nellite emulsion that is 30% with 40 or 80 milliliters of mass fractions is watered 45 kilograms of sprayings, prevents and treats root knot nematode disease.
The metrifonate pulvis that is 90% at every mu of use of Seedling Stage 50 or 100 gram mass marks is watered 45 kilograms and sprays on the fresh grass of chopping, is spread on ground trapping cutworm.
At ovum, incubate the fenvalerate that Sheng phase every mu of use 40 or 80 milliliters of mass fractions are 20% and be watered 45 kilograms of sprayings, control of maize snout moth's larva.
The decis that every mu of use 40 or 80 milliliters of mass fractions are 2.5% is watered 45 kilograms and incubates phase spraying, control red spider in larva clustering or Sheng.
The pilot plant test of " a kind of method of planting jute on heavy-metal contaminated soil " and demonstration result are as shown in subordinate list 1.The result of subordinate list 1 shows: the average product in slight pollution fiber crops gardens (South Lake village, large South Lake town, Yuanjiang City, Hunan Province) is 181.0 ± 16.4 thousand grams/acre, Bi Nong district routine is planted fiber crops (Chen Jia village, Chen Jiazui town, Anxiang County, Hunan Province, average product (172.8 ± 18.6 thousand grams/acre) down together) exceeds 4.7%, but difference does not reach 5% the level of signifiance (0.05 < p < 0.10); The average product in intermediate pollution fiber crops gardens (Yan Xi village, Yan Xi town, Anhua County, Hunan Province, end of the bridge village, raft of pontoons town, Chinese catalpa, Shuangfeng County, Hunan Province, Road village, Ma Jiahe town, Tianxin District, zhuzhou, hunan province city) is 174.9 ± 15.7 thousand grams/acre, and Yu Nong district routine is planted the basically identical of fiber crops; The average product in serious pollution fiber crops gardens (sand flat village, Xiao Jiahe town, Jiahe County, Hunan Province, the former green land in Xiang He chemical industry plant area, Liuyang City, Hunan Province) is 158.5 ± 15.3 thousand grams/acre, Bi Nong district routine is planted the low by 8.3% of fiber crops, significant difference (p < 0.05).But no matter be serious pollution fiber crops gardens, or moderate, slight pollution fiber crops garden, its output has all reached the high yield level of thousand grams/acre of south China jute producing region 150-200, and the content of beary metal in product (raw ramie), all be controlled at and American-European about cadmium in textile raw material (Cd), limit the quantity of in the critical field of (20 mg/kg), the agricultural safety and the efficient target of utilizing of heavy-metal contaminated soil have been realized, technology is easy, easy to implement the method, in vast heavy metal pollution area, has extremely wide application prospect.
Subordinate list 1. pilot plant tests and Demonstration Base heavy metal pollution and jute production overview
1)
1)varieties of plant is Hunan jute No. 3; In table, alphabetical identical person represents difference between the two not significantly (p > 0.05).
Claims (1)
1. on heavy-metal contaminated soil, plant a method for jute, the steps include:
A.Zheng Dijian garden, use passivator, reduce the activity of heavy metal-polluted soil: select that fine day deep plough on heavy-metal contaminated soil in late March to mid-April, minute railway carriage or compartment, ridging, trench digging, whole, its tilling depth is 35-40 centimetre, railway carriage or compartment is wide is 1.8-3.6 rice, and ridge length is controlled in 30 meters, often surpasses 30 meters and increases a waist ditch, every a tap drain of 4-6 railway carriage or compartment excavation, surrounding excavation encloses ditch; Railway carriage or compartment ditch, Yao Gou, tap drain and the ditch depth that encloses ditch are 30-45 centimetre; Before determining sowing, in 4-7 days, complete the shaped ground of fiber crops, by following standard, use soil heavy metal passivant: slight pollution soil, every mu of quantity of using the oil cake that becomes thoroughly decomposed, calcium magnesium phosphate and quick lime is respectively 75-125,25-75 and 25-50 kilogram; Intermediate pollution soil, every mu of quantity of using the oil cake that becomes thoroughly decomposed, calcium magnesium phosphate and quick lime is respectively 100-150,50-100 and 50-75 kilogram; Serious pollution soil, every mu of quantity of using the oil cake that becomes thoroughly decomposed, calcium magnesium phosphate and quick lime is respectively 125-175,75-125 and 75-100 kilogram;
Described heavy-metal contaminated soil, refers to and the content of Cadmium in Soil, lead, arsenic, chromium, nickel, copper, 7 kinds of elements of zinc has a kind of agricultural allowable value that has surpassed national Specification at least;
Described soil heavy metal passivant, comprises the oil cake that becomes thoroughly decomposed, calcium magnesium phosphate and three kinds of materials of quick lime;
Described slight pollution, refer to the content of beary metal in soil, according to the agricultural allowable value of national Specification, have at least a kind of content of element to reach following judgment criteria: the content of cadmium exceeds 0.1-6.0 times of the agricultural allowable value of GB, the content of arsenic, nickel, copper exceeds 0.1-5.0 times of the agricultural allowable value of GB, and the content of lead, chromium, zinc exceeds 0.1-3.0 times of the agricultural allowable value of GB;
Described intermediate pollution, refer to the content of beary metal in soil, according to the agricultural allowable value of national Specification, have at least a kind of content of element to reach following judgment criteria: the content of cadmium exceeds 6.1-17.0 times of the agricultural allowable value of GB, the content of arsenic, nickel, copper exceeds 5.1-8.0 times of the agricultural allowable value of GB, and the content of lead, chromium, zinc exceeds 3.1-5.0 times of the agricultural allowable value of GB;
Described serious pollution, refer to the content of beary metal in soil, according to the agricultural allowable value of national Specification, have at least a kind of content of element to reach following judgment criteria: the content of cadmium exceeds 17.1-35.0 times of the agricultural allowable value of GB, the content of arsenic, nickel and copper exceeds 8.1-15.0 times of the agricultural allowable value of GB, and the content of lead, chromium and zinc exceeds 5.1-10.0 times of the agricultural allowable value of GB;
B. select the certain species of resistance to heavy metal pollution, enough beginning sowing in good time, guarantee to broadcast full stand: select Hunan jute No. 3, or in draw jute No. 1, or in draw jute No. 2, or jute 179, or good fortune jute No. 3, or the kind of the yellow No. 1 tolerance heavy metal pollution in Fujian, Nong district routine is planted on numb sowing quantity basis, increases the sowing quantity of 5-30%, be every mu of sowing 1.58-2.60 kilogram, in April, select fine day with the sowing of bar broadcast mode, its sown scope width is advisable with 1.0-2.0 centimetre, the thick 0.8-1.0 centimetre of earthing;
C. determine suitable plantation dense planting, thinning/final singling in good time, stop Basic Seedling: a) density of heavy metal pollution area plantation jute, slight pollution soil Yu Nong district routine is planted the consistent of fiber crops, i.e. and the basic seedling amount of every mu of reservation is 1.80-2.30 ten thousand strains; Intermediate pollution soil Bi Nong district routine is planted numb increase 5-15%, i.e. the basic seedling amount of every mu of reservation is 1.89-2.34 ten thousand strains; Serious pollution soil Bi Nong district routine is planted numb increase 10-20%, i.e. the basic seedling amount of every mu of reservation is 1.97-2.42 ten thousand strains; B) thinning and the final singling time of heavy metal pollution area plantation jute, what Jun Yaobinong district routine was planted fiber crops delays 2-4 days, that is: when numb seedling grows 2-4 sheet true leaf, height of seedling 5-7 centimetre, start thinning, formal final singling while growing 8-10 sheet true leaf, height of seedling 13-15 centimetre;
D. intertillage/weeding in time, rationally topdress/irrigate, cultivate effectively strong strain: a) in conjunction with thinning intertill for the first time, weeding and topdressing, its tilling depth is 2-3 centimetre, and every mu of nitrogen pool in N of using is controlled at 0.9-1.2 kilogram, in the general potassium amount of K2O, is controlled at 1.2-1.8 kilogram; B) in conjunction with final singling intertill for the second time, weeding and topdressing, its tilling depth is 4-5 centimetre, every mu of total N content of using is controlled at 1.2-2.0 kilogram, total K2O amount and is controlled at 1.2-1.8 kilogram; C) when height of seedling reaches 23-25 centimetre, intertill for the third time, weeding and topdressing, its tilling depth is 6-7 centimetre, every mu of total N content of using is controlled at 3.0-5.0 kilogram, total K2O amount and is controlled at 2.4-4.2 kilogram, increases to take the phosphate fertilizer that the total phosphorus content of P2O5 is 1.0-1.8 kilogram simultaneously; D) when numb seedling grows to 45-50 centimetre of Gao Jima garden Feng Hangqian, carry out the 4th intertillage, weeding and topdress, its tilling depth is 4-5 centimetre, fertilizer type and consumption all with topdress for the third time consistent; E) before results, in 50-60 days, take advantage of the rainy day or irrigate after use for the last time and topdress, its fertilizer type and consumption all with topdress for the second time consistent; While f) topdressing, forbid to use the physiological phenomenon nitrogenous fertilizer as ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and so on; G), at the continuous summer and autumn property period of drought without rain, every 8-10 days, adopt furrow irrigation mode to pour water once, the low 0.5-1.0 centimetre of railway carriage or compartment face in the irrigation water surface Bi Ma garden in ditch;
Described effectively strong strain, while referring to ripe results, plant height reaches 2.0-4.5 rice, stem and slightly reaches the jute individual plant that 0.8-2.0 centimetre, skin depth reach 0.7-1.2 millimeter;
E. strengthen the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, realize jute high yield: a) the modal disease and pest of jute has anthracnose, stem blight, damping-off, bacterial wilt, root knot nematode disease, cutworm, corn borer and red spider; B) 600 times of liquid of the U.S. wettable powder of anthrax good fortune that every mu of use 50 or 100 gram mass marks are 80%, or the 600 times of liquid sprayings of Tuzet wettable powder that are 50% of 50 or 100 gram mass marks, prevent and treat anthracnose, stem blight; C) 600 times of liquid of Dexon powder that every mu of use 50 or 100 gram mass marks are 90%, or the 800 times of liquid sprayings of many good fortune mixture that are 40% of 50 or 100 gram mass marks, prevent and treat damping-off and bacterial wilt; D) the fosthiazate granule that every mu of use 2 kilogram-mass mark are 10% is mixed soil and is spread fertilizer over the fields, or the Nellite emulsion that is 30% with 40 or 80 milliliters of mass fractions is watered 45 kilograms of sprayings, prevents and treats root knot nematode disease; E) the metrifonate pulvis that is 90% at every mu of use of Seedling Stage 50 or 100 gram mass marks is watered 45 kilograms and sprays on the fresh grass of chopping, is spread on ground trapping cutworm; F) at ovum, incubate the fenvalerate that Sheng phase every mu of use 40 or 80 milliliters of mass fractions are 20% and be watered 45 kilograms of sprayings, control of maize snout moth's larva; G) decis that every mu of use 40 or 80 milliliters of mass fractions are 2.5% is watered 45 kilograms and incubates phase spraying, control red spider in larva clustering or Sheng.
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