CN107155628B - A kind of implantation methods of bluish dogbane nature degumming - Google Patents
A kind of implantation methods of bluish dogbane nature degumming Download PDFInfo
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- CN107155628B CN107155628B CN201710561916.8A CN201710561916A CN107155628B CN 107155628 B CN107155628 B CN 107155628B CN 201710561916 A CN201710561916 A CN 201710561916A CN 107155628 B CN107155628 B CN 107155628B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
- C05B13/02—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of in planting process realize fiber degumming a kind of bluish dogbane nature degumming implantation methods, it is characterized in that it is comprising steps of orchard establishment, apply passivator, sowing, final singling, field management, natural degumming, harvest, the bluish dogbane maturity period does not gather in pile immediately, it keeps former growing environment sufficiently to receive natural differentiation, moisture and day and night temperature, and carries out nature degumming using the biological bacteria itself contained in soil；The bastose of natural degumming is soft, and subsequent machining cost is omitted；Pollution is light, has altogether dispensed with the dirty, slow, bitter of conventional method；Compared with traditional retting flax method, dry hide fibre percentage is high, and ripe fiber crops quality is convenient for control；Environmental pollution alleviates 90% or so, saves water surface occupancy volume and labour；It solves the problems, such as to produce in insufficient water sources or shortage of water regional development bluish dogbane, can effectively adjust the crop mix in rural area；Retted fibre is not lauched, and culture fishery can be developed by saving the water surface, to create more material wealths for peasant.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of crop planting methods, more particularly to a kind of implantation methods of bluish dogbane nature degumming.
Background technique
Bluish dogbane, rectify name hibiscus cannabinus (Hibiscus cannabinus), Malvaceae rose of Sharon race plant, also known as mestha, gombo hemp,
Clock fiber crops.Annual herb bast fiber crop.Bluish dogbane stem is upright, 3~5 meters high, thick 1.5~2.0 centimetres, originate in India, she
A bright and African band.Bluish dogbane distribution is wide, and there is plantation in the torrid zone, temperate zone and frigid zone.Bluish dogbane is short-day thermophilic crops, suitable drain
Well, the soil is porous, and fertile sandy loam is planted.Bastose pulling force is strong, corrosion resistant, moisture absorption, aproll are fast, and can weave gunnysack, fiber crops
Cloth can also manufacture carpet, rope, paper.Waste of flax can fibreboard and construction material, tender leaf, tender tip can make the greenfeed of livestock,
Smashed waste of flax is also capable of using as feed.China introduces a fine variety in nineteen twenty-eight, and the fifties stops planting because of anthrax disease, and the sixties is due to promoting
Disease-resistant variety, production are able to restore development.Bluish dogbane not only has the ability for resisting heavy metal pollution, can be with repairing polluted soil.
Guangdong, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Sichuan etc. save, there is plantation in autonomous region.It is red
Numb full growth period is 120~150 days, when reaching technical maturity, is gathered in should taking artificial patch.
The comprehensive mechanical performance of pure hemp product is difficult to compared with synthetic material, but performance in other respects is obviously excellent
It is good, such as higher coefficient of friction and elasticity modulus, high-hygroscopicity, high oil-absorbing, heat resistance and voluntarily degradability etc..Bluish dogbane
Fiber is good native cellulose fibre, is also important light and textile industries' raw material.It can be used for producing fiber crops mattress, nonwoven
Cloth, fiberboard and automobile interior decoration etc..
The embedded fiber as contained by bluish dogbane is in the bast of stalk, it is necessary to handle, could be used for by " degumming "
The pure fiber of light textile.For a long time, traditional Degumming method is to the mature bluish dogbane that 120~150 days full growth periods are completed
It is gathered in, then uses " bubble degumming ", due to bluish dogbane " skin " thickness, the bluish dogbane of harvesting, which steeps the bubble in water body, to be needed one month
More than；The binding that the bluish dogbane of harvesting generally presses 30~40 cm diameters is bundled, and immersion is insufficient, and the retted fibre time is long.Due to bubble
Bluish dogbane it is bulky, mostly use " natural water body macerates the method for washing ".Insufficient water sources or shortage of water area can not then be greatly developed
Bluish dogbane production.Moreover, retted fibre process occupies a large amount of natural waters surface, causes water body smelly, not only constrain culture fishery, and
And natural waterway and neighbouring air can all be polluted.And retted fibre person no matter cold and heat, stand in water and operate, it is everlasting, all
Arthritis, large labor intensity can be suffered from.Simultaneously as ununified standard, the fiber obtained by this traditional retted fibre, yield
It is also difficult to ensure with quality, constrains the development of bluish dogbane industry.
Then there is new " degumming " technology to have introduced using biological degumming method from the Bangladesh bluish dogbane place of production
That isolates in soil can make the fungal cultures of bluish dogbane fast degumming, using kenaf degumming special bacteria, can make a part of non-
" bulk collapse " occurs for cellulosic material, decomposes certain critical structures ingredients thoroughly, and then is the life of microorganism itself
Activity provides nutrition, until bastose dispersion.
Compared with traditional retting flax method, degumming cycle time nearly half, ripe fiber crops quality is also improved.But fungal culture technology
It is required that high, biological degumming method needs other capital investment to make degumming biological agent, additional process step, cost in advance
It is gradually high.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of in planting process realize fiber degumming a kind of bluish dogbane nature degumming kind
Plant method.
The present invention, which adopts the following technical scheme that, realizes its goal of the invention, a kind of implantation methods of bluish dogbane nature degumming,
It the following steps are included:
(1) orchard establishment: determine in sowing first 4~7 days, select fine day to be deep ploughed on soil, point compartment, ridging, trench digging, site preparation；
The deep ploughing is for the ploughed depth of the ㎝ of 35 ㎝~40；Point compartment be field is divided into the wide 1.8m in compartment~
3.6m；The ridge of the ridging is long to be less than or equal to 30m；The trench digging includes excavating tap drain, Yao Gou, enclosing ditch；Every 4 in field
Tap drain is excavated in~6 compartments, and surrounding excavation encloses ditch, and ridge length often reaches 30 m and opens waist ditch；The ditch depth of the tap drain, waist ditch be 30 ㎝~
45㎝；
(2) passivator is applied: in order to lower heavy metal-polluted soil activity, it is ensured that after planting seed can normally germinate, emerges and promote
The growth and development (growth and development that paint is Seedling Stage root system) of numb seedling improves survival rate, while being also to provide for bluish dogbane growth
Soil heavy metal passivant is applied immediately after necessary nutrient (replacing base manure using soil heavy metal passivant) site preparation, institute
The soil heavy metal passivant stated includes decomposed oil cake, calcium magnesium phosphate, quick lime；
(3) sow: seed being uniformly mixed with the dry ground for crossing 2 meshes, selects the rainy day to use in late April or the first tenday period of a month in May and disseminates
Or drilling method is sowed；
It is smaller in view of kenaf seeds, it is irregular to prevent from sowing, seed and the dry ground for crossing 2 meshes are sufficiently mixed uniformly (often
Mu sowing when dry ground dosage be the ㎏ of 10 ㎏~12) after sowed；Described being sufficiently mixed uniformly is that dry ground is first crossed 2 meshes
(i.e. screen-aperture is 8 ㎜) tiles the dry ground after the desired amount of sieving to clean plane according to sown area, and thickness is small
In 5 ㎜, after being moistened by spraying in every kilogram of dry ground with the ratio of water 300ml~400ml, then seed equably spread to thereon, then
It is sufficiently mixed spare；
Depth of planting is native table or less the ㎝ of 0.6 ㎝~4, then earthing 0.8 ㎝~1 ㎝；Every 667 square metres of sowing quantities 1.5
The ㎏ of ㎏~2；
(4) final singling: seedling thinning is spacing in the rows 4 ㎝~5 ㎝ after seedling goes out 7~10 true leaves；
(5) field management: timely intertillage, top dressing, irrigates, prevents insect pest at weeding；
(6) natural degumming: after October~bluish dogbane in November completes full growth period maturation, without gathering in pile, field 2 is detained
It is withered to be allowed within~5 months nature；
(7) harvest: before sowing the latest to April next year, kenaf bast layer (epidermis) of tearing tests fiber with the mode that hand is rubbed
Softness needed for reaching, and (the complete bluish dogbane epidermis feel of non-degumming is hard when the fibre weight that detects by an unaided eye reaches necessary requirement
Firmly), can from the base portion of bluish dogbane ground proximity gather in.
Preferably, step of the present invention (6) in bluish dogbane it is mature after, being detained field, to be allowed within 4~5 months nature withered；If
Rainfall is plentiful, ice and snow is more, only needs 2~3 months.
According to heavy metal pollution of soil degree, step of the present invention (2) described in passivator be decomposed oil cake: calcium magnesium phosphate:
Quick lime=100 ㎏/mu~250 ㎏/mu: 50 ㎏/mu~150 ㎏/mu: 25 ㎏/mu~125 ㎏/mu；Heavy metal-polluted soil passivation
The dosage of agent is depending on unexpected content of beary metal and its fertility level, the soil that content of beary metal is low, fertility level is high, passivation
Agent Shaoshi, the soil that content of beary metal is high, fertility level is low, passivator are applied more.
Slight pollution soil passivator dosage are as follows: decomposed oil cake: calcium magnesium phosphate: quick lime=100 ㎏/mu or 125 ㎏/mu
Or 150 ㎏/mu: 50 ㎏/mu or 75 ㎏/mu or 100 ㎏/mu: 25 ㎏/mu or 50 ㎏/mu or 75 ㎏/mu；
Intermediate pollution soil passivator dosage are as follows: decomposed oil cake: calcium magnesium phosphate: quick lime=150 ㎏/mu or 175 ㎏/mu
Or 200 ㎏/mu: 75 ㎏/mu or 100 ㎏/mu or 125 ㎏/mu: 50 ㎏/mu or 75 ㎏/mu or 100 ㎏/mu；
Serious pollution soil passivator dosage are as follows: decomposed oil cake: calcium magnesium phosphate: quick lime=200 ㎏/mu or 225 ㎏/mu
Or 250 ㎏/mu: 100 ㎏/mu or 125 ㎏/mu or 150 ㎏/mu: 75 ㎏/mu or 100 ㎏/mu or 125 ㎏/mu.
Due to the adoption of the above technical scheme, the present invention preferably realizes goal of the invention, and the maturity period does not gather in heap immediately
Code, bluish dogbane keep former growing environment sufficiently to receive natural differentiation, moisture and day and night temperature, and using itself containing in soil
Biological bacteria carries out nature degumming；The bastose of natural degumming is soft, and subsequent machining cost is omitted；Low consumption, high yield, it is high-quality,
Pollution is light, has altogether dispensed with the dirty, slow, bitter of conventional method；Compared with traditional retting flax method, dry hide fibre percentage is high, ripe fiber crops quality
Convenient for controlling；Environmental pollution alleviates 90% or so, also saves occupancy volume and the labour of the water surface, economic benefits；It solves
The key technology for restricting bluish dogbane industry development can greatly develop bluish dogbane production, energy in insufficient water sources or shortage of water area
The effectively crop mix in adjustment rural area；Retted fibre is not lauched, and culture fishery can be developed by saving the water surface, to create more for peasant
More material wealths.
Detailed description of the invention
FIG. 1 to FIG. 4 is the survey report of Ministry of Agriculture's hemp product quality supervision and test test center.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiment the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of implantation methods of bluish dogbane nature degumming, it the following steps are included:
(1) orchard establishment: determine in sowing first 4~7 days, select fine day to be deep ploughed on soil, point compartment, ridging, trench digging, site preparation
(the present embodiment is hillside fields orchard establishment, and topography is complicated, and orchard establishment difficulty is big, therefore reserves 7 days progress orchard establishments prior to seeding)；
The deep ploughing is the ploughed depth for the ㎝ of 35 ㎝~40 (the present embodiment is 40 ㎝)；
Point compartment is that field is divided into the wide 1.8m~3.6m in compartment；Hillside fields orchard establishment is then advisable with the wide 1.8m~2.4m in compartment；
Flat nonirrigated farmland and paddy field orchard establishment are then advisable with the wide 2.8m~3.6m in compartment；According to artificial harvest, then compartment width is 1.8m~2.4m；If adopting
It is hillside fields orchard establishment using artificial harvest that with machine harvest, then compartment width, which is 2.8m~3.6m(the present embodiment, and compartment width is 1.8m)；
The long 30m(the present embodiment that is less than or equal in the ridge of the ridging is 20m)；
The trench digging includes excavating tap drain, Yao Gou, enclosing ditch；Every 4~6 compartments, (the present embodiment is 5 compartments) is excavated in field
Tap drain, surrounding excavation enclose ditch, and ridge length often reaches 30 m and opens waist ditch；
In order to which irrigation and drainage are unobstructed, the tap drain, waist ditch ditch depth be the ㎝ of 30 ㎝~45；Hillside fields fiber crops garden is with 30 ㎝~40 of ditch depth
㎝ is advisable；Flat nonirrigated farmland and paddy field orchard establishment are advisable with ditch depth 35 ㎝~45 ㎝；Artificial harvest is advisable with ditch depth 30 ㎝~40 ㎝；Machine
Harvest is advisable with ditch depth 35 ㎝~45 ㎝；(the present embodiment is hillside fields using artificial harvest, ditch depth 35m)；
(2) passivator is applied: in order to lower heavy metal-polluted soil activity, it is ensured that after planting seed can normally germinate, emerges and promote
The growth and development (growth and development that paint is Seedling Stage root system) of numb seedling improves survival rate, while being also to provide for bluish dogbane growth
Soil heavy metal passivant is applied immediately after necessary nutrient (replacing base manure using soil heavy metal passivant) site preparation, institute
The soil heavy metal passivant stated includes decomposed oil cake, calcium magnesium phosphate, quick lime；
(3) sow: seed being uniformly mixed with the dry ground for crossing 2 meshes, selects the rainy day to use in late April or the first tenday period of a month in May and disseminates
Or drilling method is sowed (the present embodiment is late April)；
It is smaller in view of kenaf seeds, it is irregular to prevent from sowing, seed and the dry ground for crossing 2 meshes are sufficiently mixed uniformly (often
Mu sowing when dry ground dosage be the ㎏ of 10 ㎏~12) after sowed；Described being sufficiently mixed uniformly is that dry ground is first crossed 2 meshes
(i.e. screen-aperture is 8 ㎜) tiles the dry ground after the desired amount of sieving to clean plane according to sown area, and thickness is small
In 5 ㎜, after being moistened by spraying in every kilogram of dry ground with the ratio of water 300ml~400ml, then seed equably spread to thereon, then
It is sufficiently mixed that spare (dry ground dosage when the present embodiment is sowed per acre is 10 ㎏, and dry ground tiles with a thickness of 4 ㎜, every kilogram of dry ground
With water 350ml)；
Depth of planting is native table or less the ㎝ of 0.6 ㎝~4, and then (the present embodiment is native table or less 4 to earthing 0.8 ㎝~1 ㎝
㎝, 1 ㎝ of earthing)；Every 667 square metres of sowing quantities, 1.5 ㎏~2 ㎏ (the present embodiment is 2 ㎏)；
(4) final singling: seedling thinning is that (the present embodiment is seedling thinning after 10 true leaves to spacing in the rows 4 ㎝~5 ㎝ after seedling goes out 7~10 true leaves
For 4 ㎝ of spacing in the rows)；
(5) field management: timely intertillage, top dressing, irrigates, prevents insect pest at weeding；
(6) natural degumming: after October~bluish dogbane in November completes full growth period maturation, without gathering in pile, field 2 is detained
It is withered (the present embodiment is to start October to be detained field 5 months) to be allowed within~5 months nature；
(7) harvest: before sowing the latest to April next year, kenaf bast layer (epidermis) of tearing tests fiber with the mode that hand is rubbed
Softness needed for reaching, and (the complete bluish dogbane epidermis feel of non-degumming is hard when the fibre weight that detects by an unaided eye reaches necessary requirement
Firmly), can from the base portion of bluish dogbane ground proximity gather in.
Preferably, step of the present invention (6) in bluish dogbane it is mature after, be detained field and be allowed within 4~5 months withered (this of nature
Embodiment is 5 months).
According to heavy metal pollution of soil degree, step of the present invention (2) described in passivator be decomposed oil cake: calcium magnesium phosphate:
Quick lime=100 ㎏/mu~250 ㎏/mu: 50 ㎏/mu~150 ㎏/mu: 25 ㎏/mu~125 ㎏/mu；Heavy metal-polluted soil passivation
The dosage of agent is depending on unexpected content of beary metal and its fertility level, the soil that content of beary metal is low, fertility level is high, passivation
Agent Shaoshi, the soil that content of beary metal is high, fertility level is low, passivator are applied more.
Slight pollution soil passivator dosage are as follows: decomposed oil cake: calcium magnesium phosphate: quick lime=100 ㎏/mu or 125 ㎏/mu
Or 150 ㎏/mu: 50 ㎏/mu or 75 ㎏/mu or 100 ㎏/mu: 25 ㎏/mu or 50 ㎏/mu or 75 ㎏/mu；
Intermediate pollution soil passivator dosage are as follows: decomposed oil cake: calcium magnesium phosphate: quick lime=150 ㎏/mu or 175 ㎏/mu
Or 200 ㎏/mu: 75 ㎏/mu or 100 ㎏/mu or 125 ㎏/mu: 50 ㎏/mu or 75 ㎏/mu or 100 ㎏/mu；
Serious pollution soil passivator dosage are as follows: decomposed oil cake: calcium magnesium phosphate: quick lime=200 ㎏/mu or 225 ㎏/mu
Or 250 ㎏/mu: 100 ㎏/mu or 125 ㎏/mu or 150 ㎏/mu: 75 ㎏/mu or 100 ㎏/mu or 125 ㎏/mu (the present embodiment
For hillside fields orchard establishment, rainwash mobility is big, is unfavorable for the accumulation of heavy metal, is considered as slight pollution soil, and passivator dosage is
Decomposed oil cake: calcium magnesium phosphate: quick lime=100 ㎏/mu: 50 ㎏/mu: 25 ㎏/mu).
Embodiment 2:
A kind of implantation methods of bluish dogbane nature degumming, it the following steps are included:
(1) orchard establishment: determine in sowing first 4~7 days, select fine day to be deep ploughed on soil, point compartment, ridging, trench digging, site preparation
(the present embodiment is flat nonirrigated farmland orchard establishment, and topography is simple, and orchard establishment difficulty is small, therefore reserves 4 days progress orchard establishments prior to seeding)；
The deep ploughing is the ploughed depth for the ㎝ of 35 ㎝~40 (the present embodiment is 35 ㎝)；
Point compartment is that field is divided into the wide 1.8m~3.6m in compartment；Hillside fields orchard establishment is then advisable with the wide 1.8m~2.4m in compartment；
Flat nonirrigated farmland and paddy field orchard establishment are then advisable with the wide 2.8m~3.6m in compartment；According to artificial harvest, then compartment width is 1.8m~2.4m；If adopting
It is flat nonirrigated farmland orchard establishment using machine harvest that with machine harvest, then compartment width, which is 2.8m~3.6m(the present embodiment, and compartment width is 2.8m)；
The long 30m(the present embodiment that is less than or equal in the ridge of the ridging is 30m)；
The trench digging includes excavating tap drain, Yao Gou, enclosing ditch；Every 4~6 compartments, (the present embodiment is 6 compartments) is excavated in field
Tap drain, surrounding excavation enclose ditch, and ridge length often reaches 30 m and opens waist ditch；
In order to which irrigation and drainage are unobstructed, the tap drain, waist ditch ditch depth be the ㎝ of 30 ㎝~45；Hillside fields fiber crops garden is with 30 ㎝~40 of ditch depth
㎝ is advisable；Flat nonirrigated farmland and paddy field orchard establishment are advisable with ditch depth 35 ㎝~45 ㎝；Artificial harvest is advisable with ditch depth 30 ㎝~40 ㎝；Machine
Harvest is advisable with ditch depth 35 ㎝~45 ㎝；(the present embodiment is that flat nonirrigated farmland orchard establishment is harvested using machine, ditch depth 35m)；
(2) passivator is applied: in order to lower heavy metal-polluted soil activity, it is ensured that after planting seed can normally germinate, emerges and promote
The growth and development (growth and development that paint is Seedling Stage root system) of numb seedling improves survival rate, while being also to provide for bluish dogbane growth
Soil heavy metal passivant is applied immediately after necessary nutrient (replacing base manure using soil heavy metal passivant) site preparation, institute
The soil heavy metal passivant stated includes decomposed oil cake, calcium magnesium phosphate, quick lime；
(3) sow: seed being uniformly mixed with the dry ground for crossing 2 meshes, selects the rainy day to use in late April or the first tenday period of a month in May and disseminates
Or drilling method is sowed (the present embodiment is the first tenday period of a month in May)；
It is smaller in view of kenaf seeds, it is irregular to prevent from sowing, seed and the dry ground for crossing 2 meshes are sufficiently mixed uniformly (often
Mu sowing when dry ground dosage be the ㎏ of 10 ㎏~12) after sowed；Described being sufficiently mixed uniformly is that dry ground is first crossed 2 meshes
(i.e. screen-aperture is 8 ㎜) tiles the dry ground after the desired amount of sieving to clean plane according to sown area, and thickness is small
In 5 ㎜, after being moistened by spraying in every kilogram of dry ground with the ratio of water 300ml~400ml, then seed equably spread to thereon, then
It is sufficiently mixed that spare (dry ground dosage when the present embodiment is sowed per acre is 10 ㎏, and dry ground tiles with a thickness of 3 ㎜, every kilogram of dry ground
With water 400ml)；
Depth of planting is native table or less the ㎝ of 0.6 ㎝~4, and then (the present embodiment is native table or less 0.6 to earthing 0.8 ㎝~1 ㎝
㎝, 0.8 ㎝ of earthing)；Every 667 square metres of sowing quantities, 1.5 ㎏~2 ㎏ (the present embodiment is 1.5 ㎏)；
(4) final singling: seedling thinning is that (the present embodiment is seedling thinning after 10 true leaves to spacing in the rows 4 ㎝~5 ㎝ after seedling goes out 7~10 true leaves
For 5 ㎝ of spacing in the rows)；
(5) field management: timely intertillage, top dressing, irrigates, prevents insect pest at weeding；
(6) natural degumming: after October~bluish dogbane in November completes full growth period maturation, without gathering in pile, field 2 is detained
It is withered (the present embodiment is to start November to be detained field 4 months) to be allowed within~5 months nature；
(7) harvest: before sowing the latest to April next year, kenaf bast layer (epidermis) of tearing tests fiber with the mode that hand is rubbed
Softness needed for reaching, and (the complete bluish dogbane epidermis feel of non-degumming is hard when the fibre weight that detects by an unaided eye reaches necessary requirement
Firmly), can from the base portion of bluish dogbane ground proximity gather in.
Preferably, step of the present invention (6) in bluish dogbane it is mature after, be detained field and be allowed within 4~5 months withered (this of nature
Embodiment is 4 months).
According to heavy metal pollution of soil degree, step of the present invention (2) described in passivator be decomposed oil cake: calcium magnesium phosphate:
Quick lime=100 ㎏/mu~250 ㎏/mu: 50 ㎏/mu~150 ㎏/mu: 25 ㎏/mu~125 ㎏/mu；Heavy metal-polluted soil passivation
The dosage of agent is depending on unexpected content of beary metal and its fertility level, the soil that content of beary metal is low, fertility level is high, passivation
Agent Shaoshi, the soil that content of beary metal is high, fertility level is low, passivator are applied more.
Slight pollution soil passivator dosage are as follows: decomposed oil cake: calcium magnesium phosphate: quick lime=100 ㎏/mu or 125 ㎏/mu
Or 150 ㎏/mu: 50 ㎏/mu or 75 ㎏/mu or 100 ㎏/mu: 25 ㎏/mu or 50 ㎏/mu or 75 ㎏/mu；
Intermediate pollution soil passivator dosage are as follows: decomposed oil cake: calcium magnesium phosphate: quick lime=150 ㎏/mu or 175 ㎏/mu
Or 200 ㎏/mu: 75 ㎏/mu or 100 ㎏/mu or 125 ㎏/mu: 50 ㎏/mu or 75 ㎏/mu or 100 ㎏/mu；
Serious pollution soil passivator dosage are as follows: decomposed oil cake: calcium magnesium phosphate: quick lime=200 ㎏/mu or 225 ㎏/mu
Or 250 ㎏/mu: 100 ㎏/mu or 125 ㎏/mu or 150 ㎏/mu: 75 ㎏/mu or 100 ㎏/mu or 125 ㎏/mu (the present embodiment
For nonirrigated farmland orchard establishment, Heavy Metal Accumulation degree is high, is considered as serious pollution soil, and passivator dosage is decomposed oil cake: calcium magnesium phosphate: raw
Lime=200 ㎏/mu: 100 ㎏/mu: 75 ㎏/mu).
Remaining same embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3:
Deep ploughing described in the present embodiment is for the ploughed depth of 38 ㎝；Compartment width is 3.2m；The tap drain ditch depth is 40 ㎝,
The ditch depth of waist ditch is 30 ㎝；The passivator dosage is decomposed oil cake: calcium magnesium phosphate: quick lime=250 ㎏/mu: 150 ㎏/
Mu: 125 ㎏/mu.
Remaining same embodiment 2.
Embodiment 4:
Passivator dosage described in the present embodiment is decomposed oil cake: calcium magnesium phosphate: quick lime=225 ㎏/mu: 125 ㎏/mu:
100 ㎏/mu.
Remaining same embodiment 2.
Embodiment 5:
A kind of implantation methods of bluish dogbane nature degumming, it the following steps are included:
(1) orchard establishment: determine in sowing first 4~7 days, select fine day to be deep ploughed on soil, point compartment, ridging, trench digging, site preparation
(the present embodiment for paddy field orchard establishment, orchard establishment difficulty is relatively small, therefore reserves 5 days progress orchard establishments prior to seeding)；
The deep ploughing is the ploughed depth for the ㎝ of 35 ㎝~40 (the present embodiment is 35 ㎝)；
Point compartment is that field is divided into the wide 1.8m~3.6m in compartment；Hillside fields orchard establishment is then advisable with the wide 1.8m~2.4m in compartment；
Flat nonirrigated farmland and paddy field orchard establishment are then advisable with the wide 2.8m~3.6m in compartment；According to artificial harvest, then compartment width is 1.8m~2.4m；If adopting
With machine harvest then compartment width be 2.8m~3.6m(the present embodiment be paddy field orchard establishment using machine harvest, for the ease of agricultural ploughing machine
The walking of tool paddy field, compartment width are 3.6m)；
The long 30m(the present embodiment that is less than or equal in the ridge of the ridging is 25m)；
The trench digging includes excavating tap drain, Yao Gou, enclosing ditch；Every 4~6 compartments, (the present embodiment is 4 compartments) is excavated in field
Tap drain, surrounding excavation enclose ditch, and ridge length often reaches 30 m and opens waist ditch；
In order to which irrigation and drainage are unobstructed, the tap drain, waist ditch ditch depth be the ㎝ of 30 ㎝~45；Hillside fields fiber crops garden is with 30 ㎝~40 of ditch depth
㎝ is advisable；Flat nonirrigated farmland and paddy field orchard establishment are advisable with ditch depth 35 ㎝~45 ㎝；Artificial harvest is advisable with ditch depth 30 ㎝~40 ㎝；Machine
Harvest is advisable with ditch depth 35 ㎝~45 ㎝；(the present embodiment is that flat nonirrigated farmland orchard establishment is harvested using machine, ditch depth 45m)；
(2) passivator is applied: in order to lower heavy metal-polluted soil activity, it is ensured that after planting seed can normally germinate, emerges and promote
The growth and development (growth and development that paint is Seedling Stage root system) of numb seedling improves survival rate, while being also to provide for bluish dogbane growth
Soil heavy metal passivant is applied immediately after necessary nutrient (replacing base manure using soil heavy metal passivant) site preparation, institute
The soil heavy metal passivant stated includes decomposed oil cake, calcium magnesium phosphate, quick lime；
(3) sow: seed being uniformly mixed with the dry ground for crossing 2 meshes, selects the rainy day to use in late April or the first tenday period of a month in May and disseminates
Or drilling method is sowed (the present embodiment is the first tenday period of a month in May)；
It is smaller in view of kenaf seeds, it is irregular to prevent from sowing, seed and the dry ground for crossing 2 meshes are sufficiently mixed uniformly (often
Mu sowing when dry ground dosage be the ㎏ of 10 ㎏~12) after sowed；Described being sufficiently mixed uniformly is that dry ground is first crossed 2 meshes
(i.e. screen-aperture is 8 ㎜) tiles the dry ground after the desired amount of sieving to clean plane according to sown area, and thickness is small
In 5 ㎜, after being moistened by spraying in every kilogram of dry ground with the ratio of water 300ml~400ml, then seed equably spread to thereon, then
It is sufficiently mixed that spare (dry ground dosage when the present embodiment is sowed per acre is 12 ㎏, and dry ground tiles with a thickness of 4 ㎜, every kilogram of dry ground
With water 300ml)；
Depth of planting is native table or less the ㎝ of 0.6 ㎝~4, and then (the present embodiment is native table or less 2.0 to earthing 0.8 ㎝~1 ㎝
㎝, 1.0 ㎝ of earthing)；Every 667 square metres of sowing quantities, 1.5 ㎏~2 ㎏ (the present embodiment is 1.8 ㎏)；
(4) final singling: seedling thinning is that (the present embodiment is seedling thinning after 7 true leaves to spacing in the rows 4 ㎝~5 ㎝ after seedling goes out 7~10 true leaves
For 4 ㎝ of spacing in the rows)；
(5) field management: timely intertillage, top dressing, irrigates, prevents insect pest at weeding；
(6) natural degumming: after October~bluish dogbane in November completes full growth period maturation, without gathering in pile, field 2 is detained
It is withered (the present embodiment is to start November to be detained field 5 months) to be allowed within~5 months nature；
(7) harvest: before sowing the latest to April next year, kenaf bast layer (epidermis) of tearing tests fiber with the mode that hand is rubbed
Softness needed for reaching, and (the complete bluish dogbane epidermis feel of non-degumming is hard when the fibre weight that detects by an unaided eye reaches necessary requirement
Firmly), can from the base portion of bluish dogbane ground proximity gather in.
Preferably, step of the present invention (6) in bluish dogbane it is mature after, be detained field and be allowed within 4~5 months withered (this of nature
Embodiment is 5 months).
According to heavy metal pollution of soil degree, step of the present invention (2) described in passivator be decomposed oil cake: calcium magnesium phosphate:
Quick lime=100 ㎏/mu~250 ㎏/mu: 50 ㎏/mu~150 ㎏/mu: 25 ㎏/mu~125 ㎏/mu；Heavy metal-polluted soil passivation
The dosage of agent is depending on unexpected content of beary metal and its fertility level, the soil that content of beary metal is low, fertility level is high, passivation
Agent Shaoshi, the soil that content of beary metal is high, fertility level is low, passivator are applied more.
Slight pollution soil passivator dosage are as follows: decomposed oil cake: calcium magnesium phosphate: quick lime=100 ㎏/mu or 125 ㎏/mu
Or 150 ㎏/mu: 50 ㎏/mu or 75 ㎏/mu or 100 ㎏/mu: 25 ㎏/mu or 50 ㎏/mu or 75 ㎏/mu；
Intermediate pollution soil passivator dosage are as follows: decomposed oil cake: calcium magnesium phosphate: quick lime=150 ㎏/mu or 175 ㎏/mu
Or 200 ㎏/mu: 75 ㎏/mu or 100 ㎏/mu or 125 ㎏/mu: 50 ㎏/mu or 75 ㎏/mu or 100 ㎏/mu；
Serious pollution soil passivator dosage are as follows: decomposed oil cake: calcium magnesium phosphate: quick lime=200 ㎏/mu or 225 ㎏/mu
Or 250 ㎏/mu: 100 ㎏/mu or 125 ㎏/mu or 150 ㎏/mu: 75 ㎏/mu or 100 ㎏/mu or 125 ㎏/mu (the present embodiment
For paddy field orchard establishment, since water content can play greatly diluting effect, and there are mobility for field water, are less favorable for the heavy of heavy metal
Product, is considered as intermediate pollution soil, and passivator dosage is decomposed oil cake: calcium magnesium phosphate: quick lime=1500 ㎏/mu: 75 ㎏/mu: 50
㎏/mu).
Remaining same embodiment 1.
Test example:
A, it samples
(i) when October~November, bluish dogbane maturation was not withered, the bast zone (table for taking bluish dogbane plant is torn using hand stripping mode
Skin), 600g is chosen as " hand shells kenaf bast sample "；
(ii) when October~November, bluish dogbane maturation was not withered, after the harvesting of patch ground, using machine (crudefiber crop decorticating machine) peeling side
Formula strips the bast zone (epidermis) of bluish dogbane plant, chooses 600g as " machine shells kenaf bast sample "；
(iii) when October~November, bluish dogbane maturation was not withered, after the harvesting of patch ground, bluish dogbane is stripped using machine peeling mode and is planted
Then the bast zone (epidermis) of strain is macerated and is washed or so January using " bubble degumming " mode, take 600g to be used as after dry and " macerate and wash sample
1 " (washing fiber 1 with macerating in Fig. 3)；
(iv) when October~November, bluish dogbane maturation was not withered, after the harvesting of patch ground, bluish dogbane plant is stripped using machine peeling mode
Bast zone (epidermis), then macerate and wash or so half a month using " bubble degumming " mode, 600g is taken to be used as " macerate and wash sample 2 " after dry
(washing fiber 2 with macerating in Fig. 3)；
(v) in December to next year by the end of April, patch ground harvesting after, the bast zone of bluish dogbane plant is stripped using machine peeling mode,
Take 600g as " natural degumming machine stripping sample " (with the beautiful dew degumming machine fiber stripping dimension in Fig. 3)；
B, method and result
Line density, strength, gum content are detected using instruments such as electronic balance, fibre bundle tensile testers, experimental situation
Condition meets GB/T 12411-2006, GB/T 5889-1986 requirement.
Table I: influence of the present invention to sample fiber line density, strength and gum content
| Sample ID | Line density (m/g) | Strongly (N) | Gum content (%) |
| Hand shells kenaf bast sample | / | / | 43.88 |
| Machine shells kenaf bast sample | / | / | 33.49 |
| It macerates and washes sample 1 | 227 | 299 | 12.49 |
| It macerates and washes sample 2 | 255 | 239 | 12.41 |
| Natural degumming machine shells sample | 223 | 253 | 20.52 |
Remarks: "/" is indicated because not testing without demand, therefore without experimental data.
Table I shows that " the natural degumming machine stripping sample " obtained using the method that the present invention records is compared with " hand shells kenaf bast sample
Product ", " machine shell kenaf bast sample " gum content be substantially reduced；It " macerates compared with macerating to wash 1 month or so using conventional method and washes sample
2 " fibre strengths are big；Line density is close to " macerate and wash sample 2 ".
It is above-mentioned experiments have shown that the present invention has the function of being effectively reduced bluish dogbane gum content, and guarantee dry hide fibre percentage and fiber
Intensity.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of implantation methods of bluish dogbane nature degumming, it is characterized in that it the following steps are included:
(1) orchard establishment: determine in sowing first 4~7 days, select fine day to be deep ploughed on soil, point compartment, ridging, trench digging, site preparation；
(2) apply passivator: applying soil heavy metal passivant after site preparation immediately, the soil heavy metal passivant includes
Decomposed oil cake, calcium magnesium phosphate, quick lime；
Sow: the dry ground of seed and sieving is sufficiently mixed uniformly, selected in late April or the first tenday period of a month in May the rainy day use disseminate or
Drilling method is sowed, described to be sufficiently mixed uniformly for dry ground is first crossed 2 meshes, according to sown area by the desired amount of mistake
Dry ground after sieve tiles to clean plane, and thickness is sprayed less than 5 ㎜ in every kilogram of dry ground ratio of water 300ml~400ml
After mist is wet, then seed equably spread to thereon, then be sufficiently mixed spare；
(4) final singling: seedling thinning is spacing in the rows 4 ㎝~5 ㎝ after seedling goes out 7 true leaves；
(5) field management: timely intertillage, top dressing, irrigates, prevents insect pest at weeding；
(6) natural degumming: October~November bluish dogbane it is mature after, being detained field, to be allowed within 2~5 months nature withered；
(7) harvest: before sowing the latest to April next year, kenaf bast layer of tearing tests softness needed for fiber reaches, and fiber
Amount reach necessary requirement when, can from the base portion of bluish dogbane ground proximity gather in.
2. a kind of implantation methods of bluish dogbane nature degumming according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the step (6) in it is red
After numb maturation, it is withered that delay field is allowed to nature for 4~5 months.
3. a kind of implantation methods of bluish dogbane nature degumming according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that step (2) described in
Passivator is decomposed oil cake: calcium magnesium phosphate: quick lime=100 ㎏/mu~250 ㎏/mu: 50 ㎏/mu~150 ㎏/mu: 25 ㎏/mu
~125 ㎏/mu.
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| CN1342789A (en) * | 2001-10-27 | 2002-04-03 | 潘春山 | Degumming process for oil seed flax |
| CN102919040A (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2013-02-13 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Method for planting ramie in middle-level heavy metal contaminated soils |
| CN102934580A (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2013-02-20 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Planting method of jute in heavy-metal contaminated soil |
| CN102939836A (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2013-02-27 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Method for planting kenaf on heavy metal contaminated soil |
| CN105442058A (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2016-03-30 | 六安市华龙麻纺工艺制品有限公司 | Natural degumming method of jute fibers |
| CN105543982A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-05-04 | 黑龙江省科学院大庆分院 | Industrial raw-cannabis-sativa-stem degumming method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8387307B2 (en) * | 2010-03-22 | 2013-03-05 | Young Koo Kim | Vegetation base soil and a method for growing vegetation on a sloped surface |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1342789A (en) * | 2001-10-27 | 2002-04-03 | 潘春山 | Degumming process for oil seed flax |
| CN102919040A (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2013-02-13 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Method for planting ramie in middle-level heavy metal contaminated soils |
| CN102934580A (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2013-02-20 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Planting method of jute in heavy-metal contaminated soil |
| CN102939836A (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2013-02-27 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Method for planting kenaf on heavy metal contaminated soil |
| CN105442058A (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2016-03-30 | 六安市华龙麻纺工艺制品有限公司 | Natural degumming method of jute fibers |
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