CN107155628A - A kind of implantation methods of the natural degumming of bluish dogbane - Google Patents
A kind of implantation methods of the natural degumming of bluish dogbane Download PDFInfo
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- CN107155628A CN107155628A CN201710561916.8A CN201710561916A CN107155628A CN 107155628 A CN107155628 A CN 107155628A CN 201710561916 A CN201710561916 A CN 201710561916A CN 107155628 A CN107155628 A CN 107155628A
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- bluish dogbane
- degumming
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
- C05B13/02—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of a kind of implantation methods of the natural degumming of bluish dogbane that fiber degumming is realized in planting process, it is characterized in that it includes step：Building well, apply passivator, sowing, final singling, field management, natural degumming, harvest, the bluish dogbane maturity period does not gather in pile immediately, keep former growing environment fully to receive natural differentiation, moisture and day and night temperature, and nature degumming is carried out using the biological bacteria itself contained in soil；The bastose of natural degumming is soft, eliminates subsequent machining cost；Pollution is light, has altogether dispensed with the dirty, slow of conventional method, hardship；Compared with traditional retting flax method, dry hide fibre percentage is high, and ripe numb quality is easy to control；Environmental pollution alleviates 90% or so, saves water surface occupancy volume and labour；Solve the problem of insufficient water sources or shortage of water regional development bluish dogbane are produced, can effectively adjust the crop mix in rural area；Retted fibre does not descend water, and culture fishery can be developed by saving the water surface, so as to create more material wealths for peasant.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of proportion of crop planting method, the implantation methods of more particularly to a kind of natural degumming of bluish dogbane.
Background technology
Bluish dogbane, hibiscus cannabinus of rectifying name（Hibiscus cannabinus）, Malvaceae rose of Sharon race plant, also known as mestha, gombo hemp,
Clock fiber crops.Annual herb bast fiber crop.Bluish dogbane stem is upright, high 3~5 meters, thick 1.5~2.0 centimetres, originate in India, she
A bright and African band.Bluish dogbane distribution is wide, and there is plantation in the torrid zone, temperate zone and frigid zone.Bluish dogbane is that short-day likes warm crop, suitable drain
Well, the soil is porous, and fertile sandy loam is planted.Bastose pulling force is strong, corrosion resistant, moisture absorption, aproll are fast, and can weave gunnysack, fiber crops
Cloth, can also manufacture carpet, rope, paper.Waste of flax can fibreboard and construction material, tender leaf, tender tip can make the greenfeed of livestock,
Waste of flax after crushing is also capable of using as feed.China introduces a fine variety in nineteen twenty-eight, and the fifties stops planting because of anthrax disease, and the sixties is due to promoting
Disease-resistant variety, production is able to recover development.Bluish dogbane not only has the ability for resisting heavy metal pollution, can be with repairing polluted soil.
Guangdong, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Sichuan etc. are saved, there is plantation in autonomous region.It is red
Numb full growth period is 120~150 days, when reaching technical maturity, is gathered in should taking artificial patch.
The comprehensive mechanical performance of pure hemp product is difficult to compared with synthetic material, but performance in other respects is substantially excellent
It is good, such as higher coefficient of friction and modulus of elasticity, high-hygroscopicity, high oil-absorbing, heat resistance and voluntarily degradability etc..Bluish dogbane
Fiber is the native cellulose fibre of high-quality, is also important light and textile industries' raw material.It can be used for producing fiber crops mattress processed, nonwoven
Cloth, fiberboard, and automotive trim etc..
Because the embedded fiber contained by bluish dogbane is in the bast of stalk, it is necessary to by " degumming " processing, could be used for
The pure fiber of light textile.For a long time, traditional Degumming method is the ripe bluish dogbane to having completed 120~150 days full growth periods
Gathered in, then using " bubble degumming ", because bluish dogbane " skin " is thick, the bluish dogbane of harvesting, which steeps the bubble in water body, to be needed one month
More than；The bluish dogbane of harvesting is typically bundled by the binding of 30~40 cm diameters, soaks insufficient, the retted fibre time is long.Due to bubble
Bluish dogbane it is bulky, it is use " natural water body macerates the method for washing " more.Insufficient water sources or shortage of water area can not then be greatly developed
Bluish dogbane produces.Moreover, retted fibre process occupies a large amount of natural waters surface, cause water body smelly, not only constrain culture fishery, and
And natural waterway and neighbouring air can all be polluted.And retted fibre person no matter cold and heat, stand in water operate, year in and year out, all
Arthritis can be suffered from, labor intensity is big.Simultaneously as ununified standard, the fiber obtained by this traditional retted fibre, yield
Also it is difficult to ensure that with quality, constrains the development of bluish dogbane industry.
New " degumming " technology is then occurred in that, using biological degumming method, has been introduced from the Bangladesh bluish dogbane place of production
That is isolated in soil can make the fungal cultures of bluish dogbane fast degumming, using kenaf degumming special bacteria, can make a part of non-
" bulk collapse " occurs for cellulosic material, some critical structures compositions is thoroughly decomposed, and then is the life of microorganism itself
Activity provides nutrition, untill bastose is scattered.
Compared with traditional retting flax method, degumming cycle time nearly half, ripe numb quality is also improved.But fungal culture technology
It is required that high, biological degumming method needs other fund input to make degumming biological agent, additional process step, cost in advance
It is gradually high.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of a kind of kind of the natural degumming of bluish dogbane that fiber degumming is realized in planting process
Plant method.
The present invention, which is adopted the following technical scheme that, realizes its goal of the invention, a kind of implantation methods of the natural degumming of bluish dogbane,
It comprises the following steps：
(1) building well：It is determined that sowing first 4~7 days in, select fine day to be deep ploughed on soil, point railway carriage or compartment, ridging, trench digging, site preparation；
Described deep ploughing is for the ㎝ of 35 ㎝~40 ploughed depth；A described point railway carriage or compartment is that field is divided into the wide 1.8m~3.6m in railway carriage or compartment；
The ridge length of described ridging is less than or equal to 30m；Described trench digging includes excavating tap drain, Yao Gou, encloses ditch；Field Inner is every 4~6 railway carriage or compartments
Tap drain is excavated, surrounding, which is excavated, encloses ditch, and ridge length often reaches that 30 m open waist ditch；Described tap drain, the ditch depth of waist ditch are the ㎝ of 30 ㎝~45；
(2) passivator is applied：In order to lower heavy metal-polluted soil activity, it is ensured that after planting seed can normally germinate, emerge and promote numb seedling
Growth and development（Paint is growing for Seedling Stage root system）, survival rate is improved, while being also to provide necessity for bluish dogbane growth
Nutrient（Base manure is replaced using soil heavy metal passivant）Site preparation applies soil heavy metal passivant immediately after terminating, described
Soil heavy metal passivant includes become thoroughly decomposed oil cake, calcium magnesium phosphate, quick lime；
(3) sow：Seed is well mixed with crossing the dry ground of 2 mesh sieves, selects the rainy day to use in late April or the first tenday period of a month in May and disseminates or bar
Broadcast mode is sowed；
In view of kenaf seeds are smaller, to prevent sowing irregular, seed is sufficiently mixed uniformly with crossing the dry ground of 2 mesh sieves（Every mu is broadcast
Kind when dry ground consumption be the ㎏ of 10 ㎏~12）Sowed afterwards；Described being sufficiently mixed uniform is that dry ground first is crossed into 2 mesh sieves（I.e.
Screen-aperture is 8 ㎜）, the dry ground after the desired amount of sieving is tiled to clean plane according to sown area, thickness is less than 5
㎜, in every kilogram of dry ground with after water 300ml~400ml ratio spraying moistening, then seed is equably spread to thereon, then fully
Mixing for standby use；
Depth of planting is the ㎝ of 0.6 ㎝ below native table~4, then the ㎝ of the ㎝ of earthing 0.8~1；Every 667 square metres of sowing quantities 1.5 ㎏~2
㎏；
(4) final singling：It is the ㎝ of the ㎝ of spacing in the rows 4~5 that seedling, which goes out after 7~10 true leaves seedling thinning,；
(5) field management：Timely intertillage, weeding, topdress, irrigate, preventing insect pest；
(6) natural degumming：After October~bluish dogbane completion full growth period in November is ripe, without gathering in pile, it is detained 2~5, field
Nature is allowed to by the moon to wither；
(7) harvest：Before being sowed the latest to April next year, kenaf bast layer of tearing（Epidermis）The mode rubbed with hand tests fiber arrival
Required softness, and detect by an unaided eye fibre weight reach necessary requirement when（The non-complete bluish dogbane epidermis feel of degumming is hard）,
Can at the base portion of bluish dogbane ground proximity gather in.
It is preferred that, step of the present invention is after (6) middle bluish dogbane is ripe, is detained field and is allowed within 4~5 months nature and withers；If
Rainfall is plentiful, ice and snow is at most only needed 2~3 months.
According to heavy metal pollution of soil degree, step of the present invention (2) described in passivator to become thoroughly decomposed oil cake：Calcium magnesium phosphate：
Quick lime=100 ㎏/mu~250 ㎏/mu：50 ㎏/mu~150 ㎏/mu：25 ㎏/mu~125 ㎏/mu；Heavy metal-polluted soil is passivated
The consumption of agent is depending on unexpected content of beary metal and its fertility level, the soil that content of beary metal is low, fertility level is high, passivation
Agent Shaoshi, the soil that content of beary metal is high, fertility level is low is applied passivator more.
Slight pollution soil passivator consumption is：Become thoroughly decomposed oil cake：Calcium magnesium phosphate：Quick lime=100 ㎏/mu or 125 ㎏/mu
Or 150 ㎏/mu：50 ㎏/mu or 75 ㎏/mu or 100 ㎏/mu：25 ㎏/mu or 50 ㎏/mu or 75 ㎏/mu；
Intermediate pollution soil passivator consumption is：Become thoroughly decomposed oil cake：Calcium magnesium phosphate：Quick lime=150 ㎏/mu or 175 ㎏/mu or 200
㎏/mu：75 ㎏/mu or 100 ㎏/mu or 125 ㎏/mu：50 ㎏/mu or 75 ㎏/mu or 100 ㎏/mu；
Serious pollution soil passivator consumption is：Become thoroughly decomposed oil cake：Calcium magnesium phosphate：Quick lime=200 ㎏/mu or 225 ㎏/mu or 250
㎏/mu：100 ㎏/mu or 125 ㎏/mu or 150 ㎏/mu：75 ㎏/mu or 100 ㎏/mu or 125 ㎏/mu.
Due to using above-mentioned technical proposal, the present invention preferably realizes goal of the invention, and its maturity period does not gather in heap immediately
Code, bluish dogbane keeps former growing environment fully to receive natural differentiation, moisture and day and night temperature, and using itself containing in soil
Biological bacteria carries out nature degumming；The bastose of natural degumming is soft, eliminates subsequent machining cost；Low consumption, high yield, high-quality,
Pollution is light, has altogether dispensed with the dirty, slow of conventional method, hardship；Compared with traditional retting flax method, dry hide fibre percentage is high, ripe numb quality
It is easy to control；Environmental pollution alleviates 90% or so, also saves occupancy volume and the labour of the water surface, economic benefits；Solve
The key technology of restriction bluish dogbane industry development, bluish dogbane production, energy can be greatly developed in insufficient water sources or shortage of water area
Effectively adjust the crop mix in rural area；Retted fibre does not descend water, and culture fishery can be developed by saving the water surface, so as to be created more for peasant
Many material wealths.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1~Fig. 4 is the survey report of hemp product quality supervision and test test center of the Ministry of Agriculture.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiment the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1：
A kind of implantation methods of the natural degumming of bluish dogbane, it comprises the following steps：
(1) building well：It is determined that sowing first 4~7 days in, select fine day to be deep ploughed on soil, point railway carriage or compartment, ridging, trench digging, site preparation（This reality
Example is applied for hillside fields building well, physical features is complicated, building well difficulty is big, therefore reserve prior to seeding 7 days and carry out building well）；
Described deep ploughing is for the ㎝ of 35 ㎝~40 ploughed depth（The present embodiment is 40 ㎝）；
A described point railway carriage or compartment is that field is divided into the wide 1.8m~3.6m in railway carriage or compartment；Hillside fields building well is then advisable with the wide 1.8m~2.4m in railway carriage or compartment；Flat drought
Ground and paddy field building well are then advisable with the wide 2.8m~3.6m in railway carriage or compartment；The then a width of 1.8m~2.4m in railway carriage or compartment is harvested according to artificial；According to machine
Device harvests the then a width of 2.8m~3.6m in railway carriage or compartment（The present embodiment is hillside fields building well using artificial harvest, a width of 1.8m in railway carriage or compartment）；
The ridge length of described ridging is less than or equal to 30m（The present embodiment is 20m）；
Described trench digging includes excavating tap drain, Yao Gou, encloses ditch；Field Inner is every 4~6 railway carriage or compartments（The present embodiment is 5 railway carriage or compartments）Excavate tap drain,
Surrounding, which is excavated, encloses ditch, and ridge length often reaches that 30 m open waist ditch；
In order to which irrigation and drainage are unobstructed, described tap drain, the ditch depth of waist ditch are the ㎝ of 30 ㎝~45；Hillside fields fiber crops garden using the ㎝ of the ㎝ of ditch depth 30~40 as
Preferably；Flat nonirrigated farmland and paddy field building well is advisable with the ㎝ of the ㎝ of ditch depth 35~45；Artificial harvest is advisable with the ㎝ of the ㎝ of ditch depth 30~40；Machine is harvested
It is advisable with the ㎝ of the ㎝ of ditch depth 35~45；（The present embodiment is hillside fields using artificial harvest, ditch depth 35m）；
(2) passivator is applied：In order to lower heavy metal-polluted soil activity, it is ensured that after planting seed can normally germinate, emerge and promote numb seedling
Growth and development（Paint is growing for Seedling Stage root system）, survival rate is improved, while being also to provide necessity for bluish dogbane growth
Nutrient（Base manure is replaced using soil heavy metal passivant）Site preparation applies soil heavy metal passivant immediately after terminating, described
Soil heavy metal passivant includes become thoroughly decomposed oil cake, calcium magnesium phosphate, quick lime；
(3) sow：Seed is well mixed with crossing the dry ground of 2 mesh sieves, selects the rainy day to use in late April or the first tenday period of a month in May and disseminates or bar
Broadcast mode is sowed（The present embodiment is late April）；
In view of kenaf seeds are smaller, to prevent sowing irregular, seed is sufficiently mixed uniformly with crossing the dry ground of 2 mesh sieves（Every mu is broadcast
Kind when dry ground consumption be the ㎏ of 10 ㎏~12）Sowed afterwards；Described being sufficiently mixed uniform is that dry ground first is crossed into 2 mesh sieves（I.e.
Screen-aperture is 8 ㎜）, the dry ground after the desired amount of sieving is tiled to clean plane according to sown area, thickness is less than 5
㎜, in every kilogram of dry ground with after water 300ml~400ml ratio spraying moistening, then seed is equably spread to thereon, then fully
Mixing for standby use（Dry ground consumption during every mu of sowing of the present embodiment is 10 ㎏, and dry ground tiling thickness is 4 ㎜, every kilogram of dry ground water
350ml）；
Depth of planting is the ㎝ of 0.6 ㎝ below native table~4, then the ㎝ of the ㎝ of earthing 0.8~1（The present embodiment is 4 ㎝ below native table, is covered
1 ㎝ of soil）；The ㎏ of every 667 square metres of sowing quantities 1.5 ㎏~2（The present embodiment is 2 ㎏）；
(4) final singling：It is the ㎝ of the ㎝ of spacing in the rows 4~5 that seedling, which goes out after 7~10 true leaves seedling thinning,（The present embodiment is that seedling thinning after 10 true leaves be strain
Away from 4 ㎝）；
(5) field management：Timely intertillage, weeding, topdress, irrigate, preventing insect pest；
(6) natural degumming：After October~bluish dogbane completion full growth period in November is ripe, without gathering in pile, it is detained 2~5, field
Nature is allowed to by the moon to wither（The present embodiment is to start October to be detained field 5 months）；
(7) harvest：Before being sowed the latest to April next year, kenaf bast layer of tearing（Epidermis）The mode rubbed with hand tests fiber arrival
Required softness, and detect by an unaided eye fibre weight reach necessary requirement when（The non-complete bluish dogbane epidermis feel of degumming is hard）,
Can at the base portion of bluish dogbane ground proximity gather in.
It is preferred that, step of the present invention is after (6) middle bluish dogbane is ripe, is detained field and is allowed within 4~5 months nature and withers（This
Embodiment is 5 months）.
According to heavy metal pollution of soil degree, step of the present invention (2) described in passivator to become thoroughly decomposed oil cake：Calcium magnesium phosphate：
Quick lime=100 ㎏/mu~250 ㎏/mu：50 ㎏/mu~150 ㎏/mu：25 ㎏/mu~125 ㎏/mu；Heavy metal-polluted soil is passivated
The consumption of agent is depending on unexpected content of beary metal and its fertility level, the soil that content of beary metal is low, fertility level is high, passivation
Agent Shaoshi, the soil that content of beary metal is high, fertility level is low is applied passivator more.
Slight pollution soil passivator consumption is：Become thoroughly decomposed oil cake：Calcium magnesium phosphate：Quick lime=100 ㎏/mu or 125 ㎏/mu
Or 150 ㎏/mu：50 ㎏/mu or 75 ㎏/mu or 100 ㎏/mu：25 ㎏/mu or 50 ㎏/mu or 75 ㎏/mu；
Intermediate pollution soil passivator consumption is：Become thoroughly decomposed oil cake：Calcium magnesium phosphate：Quick lime=150 ㎏/mu or 175 ㎏/mu or 200
㎏/mu：75 ㎏/mu or 100 ㎏/mu or 125 ㎏/mu：50 ㎏/mu or 75 ㎏/mu or 100 ㎏/mu；
Serious pollution soil passivator consumption is：Become thoroughly decomposed oil cake：Calcium magnesium phosphate：Quick lime=200 ㎏/mu or 225 ㎏/mu or 250
㎏/mu：100 ㎏/mu or 125 ㎏/mu or 150 ㎏/mu：75 ㎏/mu or 100 ㎏/mu or 125 ㎏/mu（The present embodiment is hillside fields
Building well, rainwash mobility is big, is unfavorable for the accumulation of heavy metal, is considered as slight pollution soil, and passivator consumption is to become thoroughly decomposed withered
Cake：Calcium magnesium phosphate：Quick lime=100 ㎏/mu：50 ㎏/mu：25 ㎏/mu）.
Embodiment 2：
A kind of implantation methods of the natural degumming of bluish dogbane, it comprises the following steps：
(1) building well：It is determined that sowing first 4~7 days in, select fine day to be deep ploughed on soil, point railway carriage or compartment, ridging, trench digging, site preparation（This reality
Example is applied for flat nonirrigated farmland building well, physical features is simple, and building well difficulty is small, therefore reserve prior to seeding 4 days and carry out building well）；
Described deep ploughing is for the ㎝ of 35 ㎝~40 ploughed depth（The present embodiment is 35 ㎝）；
A described point railway carriage or compartment is that field is divided into the wide 1.8m~3.6m in railway carriage or compartment；Hillside fields building well is then advisable with the wide 1.8m~2.4m in railway carriage or compartment；Flat drought
Ground and paddy field building well are then advisable with the wide 2.8m~3.6m in railway carriage or compartment；The then a width of 1.8m~2.4m in railway carriage or compartment is harvested according to artificial；According to machine
Device harvests the then a width of 2.8m~3.6m in railway carriage or compartment（The present embodiment is that flat nonirrigated farmland building well is harvested using machine, a width of 2.8m in railway carriage or compartment）；
The ridge length of described ridging is less than or equal to 30m（The present embodiment is 30m）；
Described trench digging includes excavating tap drain, Yao Gou, encloses ditch；Field Inner is every 4~6 railway carriage or compartments（The present embodiment is 6 railway carriage or compartments）Excavate tap drain,
Surrounding, which is excavated, encloses ditch, and ridge length often reaches that 30 m open waist ditch；
In order to which irrigation and drainage are unobstructed, described tap drain, the ditch depth of waist ditch are the ㎝ of 30 ㎝~45；Hillside fields fiber crops garden using the ㎝ of the ㎝ of ditch depth 30~40 as
Preferably；Flat nonirrigated farmland and paddy field building well is advisable with the ㎝ of the ㎝ of ditch depth 35~45；Artificial harvest is advisable with the ㎝ of the ㎝ of ditch depth 30~40；Machine is harvested
It is advisable with the ㎝ of the ㎝ of ditch depth 35~45；（The present embodiment is that flat nonirrigated farmland building well is harvested using machine, and ditch depth is 35m）；
(2) passivator is applied：In order to lower heavy metal-polluted soil activity, it is ensured that after planting seed can normally germinate, emerge and promote numb seedling
Growth and development（Paint is growing for Seedling Stage root system）, survival rate is improved, while being also to provide necessity for bluish dogbane growth
Nutrient（Base manure is replaced using soil heavy metal passivant）Site preparation applies soil heavy metal passivant immediately after terminating, described
Soil heavy metal passivant includes become thoroughly decomposed oil cake, calcium magnesium phosphate, quick lime；
(3) sow：Seed is well mixed with crossing the dry ground of 2 mesh sieves, selects the rainy day to use in late April or the first tenday period of a month in May and disseminates or bar
Broadcast mode is sowed（The present embodiment is the first tenday period of a month in May）；
In view of kenaf seeds are smaller, to prevent sowing irregular, seed is sufficiently mixed uniformly with crossing the dry ground of 2 mesh sieves（Every mu is broadcast
Kind when dry ground consumption be the ㎏ of 10 ㎏~12）Sowed afterwards；Described being sufficiently mixed uniform is that dry ground first is crossed into 2 mesh sieves（I.e.
Screen-aperture is 8 ㎜）, the dry ground after the desired amount of sieving is tiled to clean plane according to sown area, thickness is less than 5
㎜, in every kilogram of dry ground with after water 300ml~400ml ratio spraying moistening, then seed is equably spread to thereon, then fully
Mixing for standby use（Dry ground consumption during every mu of sowing of the present embodiment is 10 ㎏, and dry ground tiling thickness is 3 ㎜, every kilogram of dry ground water
400ml）；
Depth of planting is the ㎝ of 0.6 ㎝ below native table~4, then the ㎝ of the ㎝ of earthing 0.8~1（The present embodiment is 0.6 ㎝ below native table,
The ㎝ of earthing 0.8）；The ㎏ of every 667 square metres of sowing quantities 1.5 ㎏~2（The present embodiment is 1.5 ㎏）；
(4) final singling：It is the ㎝ of the ㎝ of spacing in the rows 4~5 that seedling, which goes out after 7~10 true leaves seedling thinning,（The present embodiment is that seedling thinning after 10 true leaves be strain
Away from 5 ㎝）；
(5) field management：Timely intertillage, weeding, topdress, irrigate, preventing insect pest；
(6) natural degumming：After October~bluish dogbane completion full growth period in November is ripe, without gathering in pile, it is detained 2~5, field
Nature is allowed to by the moon to wither（The present embodiment is to start November to be detained field 4 months）；
(7) harvest：Before being sowed the latest to April next year, kenaf bast layer of tearing（Epidermis）The mode rubbed with hand tests fiber arrival
Required softness, and detect by an unaided eye fibre weight reach necessary requirement when（The non-complete bluish dogbane epidermis feel of degumming is hard）,
Can at the base portion of bluish dogbane ground proximity gather in.
It is preferred that, step of the present invention is after (6) middle bluish dogbane is ripe, is detained field and is allowed within 4~5 months nature and withers（This
Embodiment is 4 months）.
According to heavy metal pollution of soil degree, step of the present invention (2) described in passivator to become thoroughly decomposed oil cake：Calcium magnesium phosphate：
Quick lime=100 ㎏/mu~250 ㎏/mu：50 ㎏/mu~150 ㎏/mu：25 ㎏/mu~125 ㎏/mu；Heavy metal-polluted soil is passivated
The consumption of agent is depending on unexpected content of beary metal and its fertility level, the soil that content of beary metal is low, fertility level is high, passivation
Agent Shaoshi, the soil that content of beary metal is high, fertility level is low is applied passivator more.
Slight pollution soil passivator consumption is：Become thoroughly decomposed oil cake：Calcium magnesium phosphate：Quick lime=100 ㎏/mu or 125 ㎏/mu
Or 150 ㎏/mu：50 ㎏/mu or 75 ㎏/mu or 100 ㎏/mu：25 ㎏/mu or 50 ㎏/mu or 75 ㎏/mu；
Intermediate pollution soil passivator consumption is：Become thoroughly decomposed oil cake：Calcium magnesium phosphate：Quick lime=150 ㎏/mu or 175 ㎏/mu or 200
㎏/mu：75 ㎏/mu or 100 ㎏/mu or 125 ㎏/mu：50 ㎏/mu or 75 ㎏/mu or 100 ㎏/mu；
Serious pollution soil passivator consumption is：Become thoroughly decomposed oil cake：Calcium magnesium phosphate：Quick lime=200 ㎏/mu or 225 ㎏/mu or 250
㎏/mu：100 ㎏/mu or 125 ㎏/mu or 150 ㎏/mu：75 ㎏/mu or 100 ㎏/mu or 125 ㎏/mu（The present embodiment is nonirrigated farmland
Building well, Heavy Metal Accumulation degree is high, is considered as serious pollution soil, and passivator consumption is the oil cake that becomes thoroughly decomposed：Calcium magnesium phosphate：Quick lime=
200 ㎏/mu：100 ㎏/mu：75 ㎏/mu）.
Remaining be the same as Example 1.
Embodiment 3：
Deep ploughing described in the present embodiment is for 38 ㎝ ploughed depth；The a width of 3.2m in railway carriage or compartment；Described tap drain ditch depth is 40 ㎝, waist ditch
Ditch depth be 30 ㎝；Described passivator consumption is the oil cake that becomes thoroughly decomposed：Calcium magnesium phosphate：Quick lime=250 ㎏/mu：150 ㎏/mu：125
㎏/mu.
Remaining be the same as Example 2.
Embodiment 4：
Passivator consumption described in the present embodiment is the oil cake that becomes thoroughly decomposed：Calcium magnesium phosphate：Quick lime=225 ㎏/mu：125 ㎏/mu：100
㎏/mu.
Remaining be the same as Example 2.
Embodiment 5：
A kind of implantation methods of the natural degumming of bluish dogbane, it comprises the following steps：
(1) building well：It is determined that sowing first 4~7 days in, select fine day to be deep ploughed on soil, point railway carriage or compartment, ridging, trench digging, site preparation（This reality
It is paddy field ground building well to apply example, and building well difficulty is relatively small, therefore reserves prior to seeding 5 days and carry out building well）；
Described deep ploughing is for the ㎝ of 35 ㎝~40 ploughed depth（The present embodiment is 35 ㎝）；
A described point railway carriage or compartment is that field is divided into the wide 1.8m~3.6m in railway carriage or compartment；Hillside fields building well is then advisable with the wide 1.8m~2.4m in railway carriage or compartment；Flat drought
Ground and paddy field building well are then advisable with the wide 2.8m~3.6m in railway carriage or compartment；The then a width of 1.8m~2.4m in railway carriage or compartment is harvested according to artificial；According to machine
Device harvests the then a width of 2.8m~3.6m in railway carriage or compartment（The present embodiment be paddy field building well using machine harvest, for the ease of agro-farming mechanical water
Field is walked, a width of 3.6m in railway carriage or compartment）；
The ridge length of described ridging is less than or equal to 30m（The present embodiment is 25m）；
Described trench digging includes excavating tap drain, Yao Gou, encloses ditch；Field Inner is every 4~6 railway carriage or compartments（The present embodiment is 4 railway carriage or compartments）Excavate tap drain,
Surrounding, which is excavated, encloses ditch, and ridge length often reaches that 30 m open waist ditch；
In order to which irrigation and drainage are unobstructed, described tap drain, the ditch depth of waist ditch are the ㎝ of 30 ㎝~45；Hillside fields fiber crops garden using the ㎝ of the ㎝ of ditch depth 30~40 as
Preferably；Flat nonirrigated farmland and paddy field building well is advisable with the ㎝ of the ㎝ of ditch depth 35~45；Artificial harvest is advisable with the ㎝ of the ㎝ of ditch depth 30~40；Machine is harvested
It is advisable with the ㎝ of the ㎝ of ditch depth 35~45；（The present embodiment is that flat nonirrigated farmland building well is harvested using machine, and ditch depth is 45m）；
(2) passivator is applied：In order to lower heavy metal-polluted soil activity, it is ensured that after planting seed can normally germinate, emerge and promote numb seedling
Growth and development（Paint is growing for Seedling Stage root system）, survival rate is improved, while being also to provide necessity for bluish dogbane growth
Nutrient（Base manure is replaced using soil heavy metal passivant）Site preparation applies soil heavy metal passivant immediately after terminating, described
Soil heavy metal passivant includes become thoroughly decomposed oil cake, calcium magnesium phosphate, quick lime；
(3) sow：Seed is well mixed with crossing the dry ground of 2 mesh sieves, selects the rainy day to use in late April or the first tenday period of a month in May and disseminates or bar
Broadcast mode is sowed（The present embodiment is the first tenday period of a month in May）；
In view of kenaf seeds are smaller, to prevent sowing irregular, seed is sufficiently mixed uniformly with crossing the dry ground of 2 mesh sieves（Every mu is broadcast
Kind when dry ground consumption be the ㎏ of 10 ㎏~12）Sowed afterwards；Described being sufficiently mixed uniform is that dry ground first is crossed into 2 mesh sieves（I.e.
Screen-aperture is 8 ㎜）, the dry ground after the desired amount of sieving is tiled to clean plane according to sown area, thickness is less than 5
㎜, in every kilogram of dry ground with after water 300ml~400ml ratio spraying moistening, then seed is equably spread to thereon, then fully
Mixing for standby use（Dry ground consumption during every mu of sowing of the present embodiment is 12 ㎏, and dry ground tiling thickness is 4 ㎜, every kilogram of dry ground water
300ml）；
Depth of planting is the ㎝ of 0.6 ㎝ below native table~4, then the ㎝ of the ㎝ of earthing 0.8~1（The present embodiment is 2.0 ㎝ below native table,
The ㎝ of earthing 1.0）；The ㎏ of every 667 square metres of sowing quantities 1.5 ㎏~2（The present embodiment is 1.8 ㎏）；
(4) final singling：It is the ㎝ of the ㎝ of spacing in the rows 4~5 that seedling, which goes out after 7~10 true leaves seedling thinning,（The present embodiment is that seedling thinning after 7 true leaves be strain
Away from 4 ㎝）；
(5) field management：Timely intertillage, weeding, topdress, irrigate, preventing insect pest；
(6) natural degumming：After October~bluish dogbane completion full growth period in November is ripe, without gathering in pile, it is detained 2~5, field
Nature is allowed to by the moon to wither（The present embodiment is to start November to be detained field 5 months）；
(7) harvest：Before being sowed the latest to April next year, kenaf bast layer of tearing（Epidermis）The mode rubbed with hand tests fiber arrival
Required softness, and detect by an unaided eye fibre weight reach necessary requirement when（The non-complete bluish dogbane epidermis feel of degumming is hard）,
Can at the base portion of bluish dogbane ground proximity gather in.
It is preferred that, step of the present invention is after (6) middle bluish dogbane is ripe, is detained field and is allowed within 4~5 months nature and withers（This
Embodiment is 5 months）.
According to heavy metal pollution of soil degree, step of the present invention (2) described in passivator to become thoroughly decomposed oil cake：Calcium magnesium phosphate：
Quick lime=100 ㎏/mu~250 ㎏/mu：50 ㎏/mu~150 ㎏/mu：25 ㎏/mu~125 ㎏/mu；Heavy metal-polluted soil is passivated
The consumption of agent is depending on unexpected content of beary metal and its fertility level, the soil that content of beary metal is low, fertility level is high, passivation
Agent Shaoshi, the soil that content of beary metal is high, fertility level is low is applied passivator more.
Slight pollution soil passivator consumption is：Become thoroughly decomposed oil cake：Calcium magnesium phosphate：Quick lime=100 ㎏/mu or 125 ㎏/mu
Or 150 ㎏/mu：50 ㎏/mu or 75 ㎏/mu or 100 ㎏/mu：25 ㎏/mu or 50 ㎏/mu or 75 ㎏/mu；
Intermediate pollution soil passivator consumption is：Become thoroughly decomposed oil cake：Calcium magnesium phosphate：Quick lime=150 ㎏/mu or 175 ㎏/mu or 200
㎏/mu：75 ㎏/mu or 100 ㎏/mu or 125 ㎏/mu：50 ㎏/mu or 75 ㎏/mu or 100 ㎏/mu；
Serious pollution soil passivator consumption is：Become thoroughly decomposed oil cake：Calcium magnesium phosphate：Quick lime=200 ㎏/mu or 225 ㎏/mu or 250
㎏/mu：100 ㎏/mu or 125 ㎏/mu or 150 ㎏/mu：75 ㎏/mu or 100 ㎏/mu or 125 ㎏/mu（The present embodiment is paddy field
Building well, because water content can play greatly diluting effect, and there is mobility in field water, be less favorable for the deposition of heavy metal, depending on
For intermediate pollution soil, passivator consumption is the oil cake that becomes thoroughly decomposed：Calcium magnesium phosphate：Quick lime=1500 ㎏/mu：75 ㎏/mu：50㎏/
Mu）.
Remaining be the same as Example 1.
Test example：
A, sampling
(i) when October~November, bluish dogbane was not ripe withered, the bast zone for taking bluish dogbane plant is torn using hand stripping mode（Epidermis）, choosing
600g is taken as " hand shells kenaf bast sample "；
(ii) when October~November, bluish dogbane was not ripe withered, after the harvesting of patch ground, using machine（Crudefiber crop decorticating machine）Peeling mode is shelled
Take the bast zone of bluish dogbane plant（Epidermis）, 600g is chosen as " machine shells kenaf bast sample "；
(iii) when October~November, bluish dogbane was not ripe withered, after the harvesting of patch ground, bluish dogbane plant is stripped using machine peeling mode
Bast zone（Epidermis）, then macerate and wash or so January using " bubble degumming " mode, 600g is taken after drying as " macerating and wash sample 1 "（Together
Macerating in Fig. 3 washes fiber 1）；
(iv) when October~November, bluish dogbane was not ripe withered, after the harvesting of patch ground, the tough of bluish dogbane plant is stripped using machine peeling mode
Cortex（Epidermis）, then macerated using " bubble degumming " mode and wash first quarter moon or so, 600g is taken after drying as " macerating and wash sample 2 "（Together
Macerating in Fig. 3 washes fiber 2）；
(v) in December to next year by the end of April, patch ground harvesting after, the bast zone of bluish dogbane plant is stripped using machine peeling mode, is taken
600g is used as " natural degumming machine stripping sample "（With the beautiful dew degumming machine fiber stripping dimension in Fig. 3）；
B, method and result
Line density, strength, gum content are detected using instruments such as electronic balance, fibre bundle tensile testers, experimental situation condition
Meet GB/T 12411-2006, GB/T 5889-1986 requirement.
Table I：Influence of the present invention to sample fiber line density, strength and gum content
| Sample ID | Line density（m/g） | Strongly（N） | Gum content（%） |
| Hand shells kenaf bast sample | / | / | 43.88 |
| Machine shells kenaf bast sample | / | / | 33.49 |
| Macerate and wash sample 1 | 227 | 299 | 12.49 |
| Macerate and wash sample 2 | 255 | 239 | 12.41 |
| Natural degumming machine shells sample | 223 | 253 | 20.52 |
Remarks："/" is represented because no demand is not tested, therefore without experimental data.
Table I shows that " the natural degumming machine stripping sample " that the method recorded using the present invention is obtained is compared with " hand shells kenaf bast sample
Product ", the gum content of " machine stripping kenaf bast sample " are substantially reduced；Relatively macerate to wash using conventional method and " macerate and wash sample for 1 month or so
2 " fibre strengths are big；Line density is close to " macerating and wash sample 2 ".
Above-mentioned experiment proves that the present invention has the effect of effectively reduction bluish dogbane gum content, and ensures dry hide fibre percentage and fiber
Intensity.
Claims (3)
1. the implantation methods of the natural degumming of a kind of bluish dogbane, it is characterized in that it comprises the following steps：
(1) building well：It is determined that sowing first 4~7 days in, select fine day to be deep ploughed on soil, point railway carriage or compartment, ridging, trench digging, site preparation；
(2) passivator is applied：Site preparation applies soil heavy metal passivant immediately after terminating, and described soil heavy metal passivant includes
Become thoroughly decomposed oil cake, calcium magnesium phosphate, quick lime；
(3) sow：Seed is well mixed with the dry ground sieved, selects the rainy day to use in late April or the first tenday period of a month in May and disseminates or drilling
Mode is sowed,
(4) final singling：It is the ㎝ of the ㎝ of spacing in the rows 4~5 that seedling, which goes out after 7~10 true leaves seedling thinning,；
(5) field management：Timely intertillage, weeding, topdress, irrigate, preventing insect pest；
(6) natural degumming：October~November bluish dogbane it is ripe after, be detained field and be allowed within 2~5 months nature and wither；
(7) harvest：Before being sowed the latest to April next year, softness needed for kenaf bast layer test fiber of tearing is reached, and fiber
When amount reaches necessary requirement, you can gathered at the base portion of bluish dogbane ground proximity.
2. a kind of implantation methods of the natural degumming of bluish dogbane according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described step (6) in it is red
After numb maturation, delay field is allowed to nature for 4~5 months and withered.
3. a kind of implantation methods of the natural degumming of bluish dogbane according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that step (2) described in
Passivator is the oil cake that becomes thoroughly decomposed：Calcium magnesium phosphate：Quick lime=100 ㎏/mu~250 ㎏/mu：50 ㎏/mu~150 ㎏/mu：25 ㎏/mu
~125 ㎏/mu.
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| CN110419396A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2019-11-08 | 高初旭 | A kind of jute plantation harvesting method |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1342789A (en) * | 2001-10-27 | 2002-04-03 | 潘春山 | Degumming process for oil seed flax |
| US20130239634A1 (en) * | 2010-03-22 | 2013-09-19 | Young Koo Kim | Vegetation base soil and a method for growing vegetation on a sloped surface |
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